The effects of green tea extract additive feeds on the growth performance and survival rate of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

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º≈¢Õß°“√‡ √‘¡ “√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬«„πÕ“À“√‡¡Á¥µàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ

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1

_{™π°—πµå ®‘µ¡π—}

2

_{∑‘æ ÿ§π∏å æ‘¡æ‘¡≈}

3

_{·≈– Masatoshi Matsumura}

4

Abstract

Whangchai, N.1, Chitmanat, C.2, Pimpimol, T.3 and Matsumura, M.4

The effects of green tea extract additive feeds on the growth performance and survival rate of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2005, 27(Suppl. 1) : 83-89

This study was designed to examine the effects of green tea extract (GTE) additive feeds on the growth performance in the giant freshwater prawn. Two separate trials were determined by using two different stages of prawn for initial stocking, one was the small post larva (PL10), the other was 5.6 g prawn. A Com-pletely Randomized Design was applied in this study. The small post larva (PL10) were raised in cement tanks(1x1.5 m2). Three treatments with three replications each were performed applied as following: treat-ment 1 (control) was the commercial pellet feed; treattreat-ment 2 and 3 were feeds with 1% and 2% green tea extract, respectively. This assay was run for 8 weeks. The prawns were randomly selected for weight determi-nation every week. The result showed there was no significant difference in the specific growth rate and

1

Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290 Thailand, 4Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

1_{Ph.D. (Applied Biochemistry) ºŸâ™à«¬»“ µ√“®“√¬å}2_{M.S. (Microbiology)}3_{M.S. (Marine Science) ºŸâ™à«¬»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¿“§«‘™“} ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√ª√–¡ß §≥–º≈‘µ°√√¡°“√‡°…µ√ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·¡à‚®â ‡™’¬ß„À¡à 50290 4_{Ph.D. (Chemical Engineering), Prof.,} Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Corresponding e-mail : niwoot@mju.ac.th

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survival (P > 0.05) but the feed conversion ratio was reduced in prawn fed with green tea extracts (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratios in treatments 1, 2 and 3 were 4.0±0.1, 3.0±0.2 and 2.3±0.2 respectively. The second experiment using the bigger prawn (5.6 initial weight) were conducted in 2x5 m2 pens located in the earthen ponds with 10 prawns/ m2 stocking density. Two treatments were performed. Treatment 1 was control (com-mercial pellet feed) while treatment 2 was pellet feed with 1% green tea extract. This feed study was con-ducted for 75 days with random for weight checks every two weeks. The results showed there was a signifi-cant difference in growth rate (P<0.05) but there was not difference in survival rate, and feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Therefore, green tea extract has potential as growth enhancer in giant freshwater prawn culture.

Key words : green tea extract, catechin, polyphenols, giant freshwater prawn, growth enhancer

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π‘«ÿ≤‘ À«—ß™—¬ ™π°—πµå ®‘µ¡π— ∑‘æ ÿ§π∏å æ‘¡æåæ‘¡≈ ·≈– Masatoshi Matsumura

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«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. 2548 27(©∫—∫æ‘‡»… 1) : 83-89

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Figure 1. Experimental pens (2x5 m2

) for study of the effect of GTE on the growth of the giant freshwater prawns

2%) Ÿß°«à“™ÿ¥∑’Ë 1 ·≈– 2 (P<0.05) ‡¡◊ËÕ ‘Èπ ÿ¥°“√

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0.56 ·≈– 2.97±0.25 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå∑“ß

Figure 2. Average body weight of giant freshwater prawn fed dry pellet (control) and pellet + 1%GTE (1% GTE) and pellet + 2%GTE (2% GTE) nursed in cement tanks for 8 weeks

°√—¡) æ∫«à“°ÿâß∑¥≈Õß™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 1 (™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡) ∑’Ë

„ÀâÕ“À“√∑’Ë‰¡à‡ √‘¡ “√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬« ™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë2 ·≈–

3 „ÀâÕ“À“√º ¡ “√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬« 1% ·≈– 2% ¡’πÈ”Àπ—°

‡©≈’Ë¬‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπµ“¡√–¬–‡«≈“¢Õß°“√∑¥≈Õß(Figure 2) ·≈–

πÈ”Àπ—°≈Ÿ°°ÿâß‡¡◊ËÕ ‘Èπ ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß„π™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 2

·≈– 3 (Õ“À“√º ¡ “√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬« 1% ·≈– 2%) ¡’

πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’Ë¬ Ÿß°«à“™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡ πÕ°®“°π’È‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫

πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’Ë¬„π·µà≈– —ª¥“Àåæ∫«à“ ∑’Ë —ª¥“Àå∑’Ë 6 πÈ”Àπ—°

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Table 2. Average weight ± SD (gram) of giant freshwater prawn fed dry pellet (control) and pellet + 1%GTE (1%GTE)

Average weight ± SD (gram)

0 day 15 days 30 days 45 days 60 days 75 days

Control 5.6 11.2±0.9 18.0±1.0 22.7±1.0 24.7±0.8 26.6±0.6 1%GTE 5.6 11.7±0.2 17.2±1.6 24.0±2.0 26.0±0.7 30.2±1.1

Table 1. Specific growth rate (%/day), survival rate (%) and feed conversion ratio of giant freshwater prawn nursed for 8 weeks.

Treatment

control 1% GTE 2%GTE

Specific growth rate (%/day) 3.043±0.047a 3.243±0.096a 3.340±0.073a Survival rate (%) 17.4±0.8a 20.9±1.9a 19.8±0.9a Feed conversion ratio 4.0±0.1a 3.0±0.2b 2.3±0.2c

Mean values in the same row with sharing the same superscript are not significantly different (P> 0.05)

∂‘µ‘ æ∫«à“Õ—µ√“°“√√Õ¥ ·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ

‡π◊ÈÕ ‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (P> 0.05) (Table 3)

«‘®“√≥åº≈

®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫«à“°“√‡ √‘¡™“‡¢’¬«¡’ º≈µàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ„π°ÿâß°â“¡°√“¡‚¥¬®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß

∑’Ë‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°°ÿâß¢π“¥ 5.6 °√—¡ ∑’Ë‡≈’È¬ß¥â«¬Õ“À“√º ¡

“√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬« 1% ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ Ÿß°«à“ Ÿµ√

§«∫§ÿ¡ °“√∑’Ë°ÿâß°â“¡°√“¡„π™ÿ¥∑’Ëº ¡ “√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬«

1% ‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡ Õ“®®–‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√

∑’Ë°ÿâß‰¥â√—∫ “√Õ“À“√·≈– “√∑’Ë ”§—≠∫“ß™π‘¥∑’Ë¡’¡“°„π ™“‡¢’¬« àßº≈µàÕ°“√‡√àß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ

„π™“‡¢’¬«¡’ “√Õ“À“√·≈– “√Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë ”§—≠ ‰¥â·°à

‚ª√µ’π (30.7%, „π™“‡¢’¬«∑’Ë‡ªìπ matcha) «‘µ“¡‘π´’

(60 ¡°./100 °√—¡ „π™“‡¢’¬«∑’Ë‡ªìπ matchsa) «‘µ“¡‘πÕ’

«‘µ“¡‘π∫’√«¡ (0.6 ¡°./100 °√—¡ „π™“‡¢’¬«∑’Ë‡ªìπ matcha)

·√à∏“µÿ(Chu and Juneja, 1997; http://web.ku.ac.th/agri/

char/cha13.htm) “√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–·≈– “√∑’Ë¬—∫¬—Èß

°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Koketsu (1997) √“¬ß“π

«à“„π™“‡¢’¬«¡’ “√‚æ≈’øïπÕ≈ (polyphenols) ∑’Ëæ∫´÷Ëß

ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ (+) catechin , (-) epicatechin gallate ,

(-) epicatechin , (-) epigallocatechin ·≈– (-) epigallocatechin gallate ®—¥‡ªìπ “√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–∑’Ë¡’

ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¡“° ª√–∑“πæ√(2547) √“¬ß“π«à“„π™“‡¢’¬«

¡’ “√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“«‘µ“¡‘π´’ 100 ‡∑à“·≈– Ÿß

°«à“«‘µ“¡‘πÕ’ 25 ‡∑à“ πÕ°®“°π’È«‘µ“¡‘π∫’√«¡∑”„Àâ‡æ‘Ë¡

Õ—µ√“°“√‡º“º≈“≠ “√Õ“À“√ (http://www.scicenter.

rilp.ac.th/greentea.htm; Lovell, 1989) “√‡À≈à“π’È

Õ“®™à«¬„Àâ°ÿâß≈Õ°§√“∫·≈–‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¥’ ´÷Ëß Sornsanit

·≈–§≥– (2003) √“¬ß“π«à“°ÿâßkuruma ∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫green tea

polyphenols 1% ¡’·π«‚πâ¡≈Õ°§√“∫∂’Ë°«à“°≈ÿà¡§«∫§ÿ¡

πÕ°®“°π’È™“‡¢’¬«¬—ß¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠

‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å Sakanaka ·≈–§≥– (1997) √“¬ß“π

«à“ “√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬« “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß·∫§∑’‡√’¬°àÕ‚√§„πª≈“

‡™àπ Aeromonas hydrophila (200 °√—¡/¡≈.),

Edwardieilla tarda (300 °√—¡/¡≈.) ‰¥â Sornsanit ·≈–

§≥– (2003) √“¬ß“π«à“ 1% green tea polyphenols

“¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß‡™◊ÈÕ∑’Ë°àÕ‚√§„π°ÿâß§◊ÕVibrio sp. ‰¥âIshihara

·≈– Akachi (1997) æ∫«à“green tea polyphenols ¬—∫¬—Èß

°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß Clostridium perfringens ´÷Ëß‡ªìπ

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Table 3. Average growth rate (gram/day), survival rate (%) and feed conversion ratio of giant freshwater prawn fed dry pellet (control) and pellet + 1%GTE (1%GTE) raised in 2x5 m2 pens for 75 days

Parameters Control 1% GTE

Average growth rate (gram/day) 0.280±0.015a

0.328±0.025b

Survival rate (%) 30.0±6.5a

28.3±2.7a

Feed conversion ratio 3.51±0.56a

2.97±0.25a Mean values in the same row with sharing the same superscript are not significantly different.

polyphenols “¡“√∂°√–µÿâπ°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß Bifido-bacterium ·≈– Lactobacillus ´÷Ëß‡ªìπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë‡ªìπ

ª√–‚¬™πå‰¥â ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ “√ °—¥®“°™“‡¢’¬« “¡“√∂√—°…“

¡¥ÿ≈¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬„π≈”‰ â (microflora) Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áµ“¡

º≈¢Õß “√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬«µàÕ microflora „π°ÿâß´÷Ëß¡’º≈µàÕ

°“√π”Õ“À“√¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå¬—ßµâÕß¡’°“√»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª ®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫«à“≈Ÿ°°ÿâß∑’ËÕπÿ∫“≈¥â«¬ Õ“À“√º ¡ “√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬«¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ

‡π◊ÈÕ¥’°«à“°ÿâß∑’Ë‡≈’È¬ß¥â«¬Õ“À“√§«∫§ÿ¡ (P<0.05) ·≈–°“√

‡ √‘¡™“‡¢’¬« 1% „πÕ“À“√°ÿâß°â“¡°√“¡∑’Ë‡≈’È¬ß¡’°“√‡®√‘≠

‡µ‘∫‚µ Ÿß°«à“ Ÿµ√§«∫§ÿ¡ (P<0.05) ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√

∑¥≈Õß¢Õß Sornsanit ·≈–§≥– (2004) ∑’Ë‰¥â∑¥≈Õß„™â

“√ green tea polyphenols (GTP) „π√Ÿªºß≈–‡Õ’¬¥‡√àß

°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ„π°ÿâß kuruma (P. japonicus) ´÷Ëßº≈°“√

∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“ 1%GTP “¡“√∂‡æ‘Ë¡Õ—µ√“°“√√Õ¥„π°ÿâß

Kuruma ‰¥â ·≈–‰¥â√“¬ß“π‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡«à“ GTP “¡“√∂„™â

‡ªìπ “√‡√àß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ (growth enhancer) „π°ÿâß‰¥â

º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß§√—Èßπ’È™’È„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ “√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬« “¡“√∂ „™â‡ªìπ “√‡√àß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ„π°ÿâß°â“¡°√“¡‰¥â Õ¬à“ß‰√ °Áµ“¡¬—ß‰¡à¡’ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§«“¡§ÿâ¡∑ÿπ¢Õß°“√„™â√«¡∑—Èß °“√≈¥µâπ∑ÿπ‚¥¬°“√„™â™“‡¢’¬«∑’Ëº≈‘µ‰¥â„π‡¡◊Õß‰∑¬®÷ßπà“ ®–¡’°“√»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª

√ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß

®“°°“√»÷°…“º≈¢Õß “√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬«∑’Ë¡’µàÕ°“√ ‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß°ÿâß°â“¡°√“¡ ‚¥¬‰¥â∑”°“√∑¥≈Õß„π≈Ÿ°°ÿâß

¢π“¥‡≈Á° (PL10) ·≈–°ÿâß¢π“¥ 5.6 °√—¡ „π≈Ÿ°°ÿâß¢π“¥

‡≈Á° (PL10) ∑’ËÕπÿ∫“≈‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ 8 —ª¥“Àå æ∫«à“

“√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬« 1% ·≈– 2% „ÀâÕ—µ√“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬πÕ“À“√

‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕµË”°«à“™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡ (P<0.05) ·≈–„π°ÿâß¢π“¥

5.6 °√—¡ ∑’Ë‡≈’È¬ß¥â«¬Õ“À“√º ¡ “√ °—¥™“‡¢’¬« 1% ‡ªìπ

√–¬–‡«≈“ 75 «—π ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ Ÿß°«à“ Ÿµ√§«∫§ÿ¡

(P<0.05)

§”¢Õ∫§ÿ≥

¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ ∫√‘…—∑ Àø“√å¡ ®”°—¥ ∑’Ë„Àâ°“√ π—∫ πÿπ∑ÿπ„π„π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È ¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ ¿“§«‘™“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√ª√–¡ß §≥–º≈‘µ°√√¡°“√‡°…µ√ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·¡à‚®â ∑’Ë‡Õ◊ÈÕ‡øóôÕ ∂“π∑’Ë„π°“√∑”«‘®—¬

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

∫√√®ß ‡∑’¬π àß√—»¡’. 2535. À≈—°°“√‡≈’È¬ß°ÿâß°â“¡°√“¡. §≥–

ª√–¡ß, ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å, °√ÿß‡∑æœ. 81 π.

ª√–∑“πæ√. 2547. ™“‡¢’¬« πÈ”∑‘æ¬å·Ààß™’«‘µ. Õ—æ‡¥∑. 198: 54-54.

¡–≈‘ ∫ÿ≥¬√—µº≈‘π ·≈– Õ¡√√—µπå ‡ √‘¡«—≤π“°ÿ≈. 2543. Õ“À“√

”‡√Á®√Ÿª ”À√—∫°ÿâß°â“¡°√“¡. °Õß§«∫§ÿ¡·≈–æ—≤π“ Õ“À“√ —µ«åπÈ” °√¡ª√–¡ß‡°…µ√°≈“ß, °√ÿß‡∑æœ.

14 π.

»—°¥‘Ï ∫«√. 2543. ™“‡¢’¬«. ”π—°æ‘¡æå ¡‘µ, °√ÿß‡∑æœ. 96 π.

¡æß…å ÿ«√√≥∑». 2545. ·ºπ°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“‡√◊ËÕß “√

µ°§â“ß·≈–√“§“°ÿâß°â“¡°√“¡µ°µË”. «“√ “√°“√ª√–¡ß.

55(3): 227-228.

¬πµå ¡ÿ ‘°.2529. °“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß°ÿâß°â“¡°√“¡. ¿“§«‘™“‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß

—µ«åπÈ” §≥–ª√–¡ß, ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å, °√ÿß‡∑æœ.

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http://www.scicenter.lpru.ac.th (July 11, 2005)

http://web.ku.ac.th/schoolnet/f-snet4.htm (July 11, 2005) Ishihara, N. and Akachi, S. 1997. Green tea extract as a remedy for diarrhea in farm-raised calves. p. 137-144. In : Yamamoto, T., Juneja, L.R., Chu, D. and Kim, M. (eds). Chemical and Application of green tea. CRC press. New York. Koketsu, M. 1997. Antioxidative Activity of Tea Poly-phenols. p 37-50. In : Yamamoto, T., Juneja, L.R., Chu, D. and Kim, M. (eds). Chemical and Application of green tea. CRC press. New York. Lovell, T. 1989. Nutrition and feeding of fish. Van

Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 260 pp.

Sakanaka, S., Okubo, T., Akachi, S., Mabe, K. and Matsumoto, M. 1997. Tables of data on the antimicrobial activities of green tea extracts. p 145-149. In: Yamamoto, T., Juneja, L.R., Chu, D. and Kim, M. (eds). Chemical and Application of green tea. CRC press. New York.

Sornsanit, K., Nomura, N., Migo, VP. and Matsumura, M. 2003. Application of Green Tea Polyphenols as Anti-Microbial Agents for Kuruma Shrimp (Penaeus japonicus). Thai J. Agric. Sci. 36(2): 165-172.