• Nenhum resultado encontrado

Advances in artificial intelligence to model student-centred VLEs

N/A
N/A
Info
Descarregar agora
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Advances in artificial intelligence to model student-centred VLEs"

Copied!
12
0
0

Carregando.... (Ver texto completo agora)

Descarregar agora ( 12 páginas )

Texto

(1)

#FXCPEGUKP#TVKſEKCN+PVGNNKIGPEGVQ/QFGN5VWFGPV%GPVTGF8.'U 

:



#FXCPEGUKP#TVKHKEKCN+PVGNNKIGPEG

VQ/QFGN5VWFGPV%GPVTGF8.'U



3DXOR$OYHV

8QLYHUVLW\RI$SSOLHG6FLHQFHVRI%UDJDQoD

3RUWXJDO



+PVTQFWEVKQP

 7KHFKDOOHQJHVWRWKHHGXFDWLRQDOSDUDGLJPLQWURGXFHGZLWKWKHFKDQJHIURPDWHDFKHUWRD VWXGHQWFHQWUHGSDUDGLJPKDVVHYHUDOLPSOLFDWLRQVLQWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQRIDOOWKHHGXFDWLRQDO V\VWHP7KHDGRSWLRQRIHOHDUQLQJLQDOORIWKHHGXFDWLRQDOOHYHOVZDVDKXJHVWHSIRUZDUG LQWHUPVRIDFFHVVWRUHVRXUFHVZLWKRXWFRQVWUDLQVRIVSDFHDQGWLPH%XWHOHDUQLQJGLGQ·W UHDFKWKHSODWRLQOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJVFHQDULRVEHFDXVHZHKDYHDJUHDWGLYHUVLW\RIOHDUQLQJ FRQWH[WVLQXQLYHUVLWLHVZLWKPRUHVWXGHQWVFRPLQJEDFNWRXSGDWHWKHLUNQRZOHGJHZKHQ WKH\DUHDOUHDG\LQWKHZRUNPDUNHW7KHSDUDGLJP´RQHVL]HILWVDOOµLVVWLOOEHLQJDSSOLHG DQGDOOWKHSHGDJRJLFDODSSURDFKHVDGRSWWKHWUDGLWLRQDOOHFWXUHUFHQWUHGSDUDGLJP 6WXGHQWFHQWUHGOHDUQLQJLVDQHGXFDWLRQDOSDUDGLJPWKDWJLYHVVWXGHQWVJUHDWHUDXWRQRP\DQG FRQWURORYHUFKRLFHRIVXEMHFWPDWWHUOHDUQLQJPHWKRGVDQGSDFHRIVWXG\ *LEEV 7KLV DSSURDFKLVYHU\VLPLODUWRWKH%RORJQD3URFHVVJRDOVLQWHUPVRIVWXGHQWFHQWUHGPRGHOEDVHG RQOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHVDQGFRPSHWHQFHV6RPHRIWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIHIIHFWLYHOHDUQHUVLQWKH VWXGHQWFHQWUHGOHDUQLQJSDUDGLJPDUH GHOD+DUSHHWDO  ‡ +DYHFOHDUOHDUQLQJJRDOV ‡ +DYHDZLGHUHSHUWRLUHRIOHDUQLQJVWUDWHJLHVDQGNQRZZKHQWRXVHWKHP ‡ 8VHDYDLODEOHUHVRXUFHVHIIHFWLYHO\ ‡ .QRZDERXWWKHLUVWUHQJWKVDQGZHDNQHVVHV ‡ 8QGHUVWDQGWKHOHDUQLQJSURFHVV ‡ 'HDODSSURSULDWHO\ZLWKWKHLUIHHOLQJV ‡ 7DNHUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUWKHLURZQOHDUQLQJ ‡ 3ODQPRQLWRUHYDOXDWHDQGDGDSWWKHLUOHDUQLQJSURFHVV 7KHPDMRULW\RIYLUWXDOOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWV 9/( DUHXVHGDVPHUHUHSRVLWRULHVRIFRQWHQW EDVHG RQ WKH FODVVURRP SDUDGLJP DQG GRQ·W VXSSRUW WKH LQGLYLGXDOL]DWLRQ RI WKH OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV$FFRUGLQJWR'LDV 'LDV EXLOGLQJVSDFHVIRURQOLQHOHDUQLQJLVDFKDOOHQJHWKDW JRHVEH\RQGWKHVLPSOHWUDQVIHURIFRQWHQWWRWKH:HE7KLVDSSURDFKWHQGVWRWUDQVIRUPWKH HQYLURQPHQWV LQ RQOLQH UHSRVLWRULHV RI LQIRUPDWLRQ UDWKHU WKDQ LQ WKH GHVLUHG VSDFHV RI LQWHUDFWLRQDQGH[SHULPHQWDWLRQ

7RDOORZDJUHDWHUDGDSWDWLRQRIWKHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWEDVHGRQWKHVWXGHQWVSURILOHLV SURSRVHGWKHDGRSWLRQRIWKHRULHVRIDUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHLQHGXFDWLRQEDVHGRQWKHOHDUQLQJ H[SHULHQFHDGDSWLQJFRQWHQWVDQGFRQWH[WVWRWKHVWXGHQWQHHGV

(2)

#FXCPEGUKP.GCTPKPI2TQEGUUGU 

,QWKHODVWWKUHHGHFDGHVDUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHKDVEHHQDGRSWHGLQYDULRXVIRUPVRIHGXFDWLRQ 7KH LQLWLDO H[SHULHQFHV RI WKH DGRSWLRQ RI DUWLILFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH LQ HGXFDWLRQ GDWHV EDFN WR 6HYHUDORWKHUDSSURDFKHVDSSHDUHGDQGLQRQHRIWKHILUVWDUFKLWHFWXUHVRILQWHOOLJHQW WXWRULQJV\VWHPVZDVGHYHORSHGE\%XUQDQG&DSV %XUQV &DSV 

2QH RI WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW LVVXHV LQ WKH DGDSWDWLRQ RI DQ LQWHOOLJHQW WXWRULQJ V\VWHP LV WKH PRGXODWLRQ RI VWXGHQW EHKDYLRXU LQ RUGHU WR DGDSW WKH SHGDJRJLFDO PRGHO WR WKH VWXGHQW PRGHO

)RUWKLVDGDSWDWLRQWREHPRUHHIIHFWLYHLVQHFHVVDU\WRLGHQWLI\WKHVWXGHQWSURILOHEDVHGRQ VHYHUDOSDUDPHWHUV2QHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWSDUDPHWHUVLVWKHVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJVW\OH(DFK VWXGHQWKDVKLVRZQVW\OHRIOHDUQLQJZKLFKLQIOXHQFHVWKHFROODERUDWLRQGXULQJWKHOHDUQLQJ SURFHVV

,Q WKLV FRQWH[W WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI DGDSWLYH OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV EDVHG RQ WKH VWXGHQW SURILOHLVRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWFKDOOHQJHVLQWKHDGRSWLRQRIDUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQWV\VWHPV LQ HGXFDWLRQ LQ RUGHU WR LPSURYH WKH HGXFDWLRQDO SURFHVV 7KLV DSSURDFK LV EDVHG RQ QHZ SHGDJRJLFDOPHWKRGRORJLHVWRSURYLGHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWVDGDSWDEOHWRWKHQHHGVRIHDFK VWXGHQW

7KLVFKDSWHUGLVFXVVHVWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIDGDSWLYHYLUWXDOOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWVWRLPSURYH WKH HGXFDWLRQDO SURFHVV FRQVLGHULQJ WKH VWXGHQW OHDUQLQJ VW\OH DQG WKH FROODERUDWLRQ LQ WKH OHDUQLQJDFWLYLWLHV



.GCTPKPI5V[NGUCPF5VWFGPV2TQHKNG



7KHEDVLFWKHRU\RIOHDUQLQJVW\OHVLVWKDWGLIIHUHQWSHRSOHOHDUQLQDGLIIHUHQWZD\2QHZD\WR VHH WKH OHDUQLQJ VW\OHV LV WR FRQQHFW WKHP ZLWK WKH OHDUQLQJ F\FOH DGYRFDWHG E\ .ROE .ROE   ZKHUH OHDUQLQJ LV VHHQ DV D FRQWLQXRXV SURFHVV EDVHG RQ SUDFWLFDO H[SHULHQFH WKDW LQFRUSRUDWHVDVHWRIREVHUYDWLRQVDQGUHIOHFWLRQV

/DWHUWKLVPRGHOZDVGHYHORSHGE\+RQH\DQG0XPIRUG +RQH\ 0XPIRUG FUHDWLQJ DTXHVWLRQQDLUHRIOHDUQLQJVW\OHVEDVHGRQWKHPRGHOSURSRVHGE\.ROE,WZDVLGHQWLILHGE\ WKH DXWKRUV IRXU OHDUQLQJ VW\OHV UHODWHG WR WKH GLIIHUHQW IRXU VWDJHV RI WKH OHDUQLQJ F\FOH SURSRVHGE\.ROE .ROE DFWLYLVWUHIOHFWRUWKHRULVWDQGSUDJPDWLVW )LJ 



(DFKOHDUQLQJVW\OHKDVWKHIROORZFKDUDFWHULVWLFV +RQH\ 0XPIRUG 

‡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

‡ 5HIOHFWRU7KHUHIOHFWRUOLNHWREHPRUH LQWKHUHDUWRREVHUYHDQGUHIOHFWRQ H[SHULHQFHVIURPGLIIHUHQWSHUVSHFWLYHV&ROOHFWGDWDDQGSUHIHUWRWKLQNDERXW WKDW EHIRUH PDNLQJ DQ\ FRQFOXVLRQV ,WV PDLQ SKLORVRSK\ LV WR EH FDXWLRXV 7KH\ DUH YHU\ EDODQFHG SUHIHUULQJ WR FRQVLGHU DOO SRVVLEOH DQJOHV DQG LPSOLFDWLRQV EHIRUH WDNLQJ DQ\ DFWLRQ 7KH\ SUHIHU WR ZDWFK RWKHU SHRSOH LQ DFWLRQ7KHUHIOHFWRUSHRSOHDUHE\QDWXUHGLVFUHHW

(3)

#FXCPEGUKP#TVKſEKCN+PVGNNKIGPEGVQ/QFGN5VWFGPV%GPVTGF8.'U 

‡ 7KHRULVW3HRSOHZLWKDSUHGRPLQDQWO\WKHRUHWLFDOVW\OHLQFRUSRUDWHFRPPHQWV LQWRFRPSOH[WKHRULHVEXW WKH\DUHORJLFDO7KH\FRQVLGHUWKHSUREOHPVRQD YHUWLFDO ZD\ VWHS E\ VWHS DQG LQ D ORJLFDO ZD\ $VVLPLODWH IDFWV EDVHG RQ FRQVLVWHQW WKHRULHV 7KH PDLQ SKLORVRSK\ LV LI LW LV ORJLFDO WKHQ LW LV JRRG 7KH\ KDYH DQ LQGHSHQGHQW VSLULW DQG OLNH WR IRUPXODWH SULQFLSOHV WKHRULHV PRGHOV DVVXPSWLRQV DQG WKRXJKWV 7KH DSSURDFK RI WKH SUREOHPV LV PDLQO\ ORJLF

‡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

)LJXHLUHGRDQG$IRQVR )LJXHLUHGR $IRQVR FRQVLGHUWKHFRQWH[WDQGFRQWHQWDVWKH NH\HOHPHQWVRIWKHOHDUQLQJPRGHO7KHOHDUQLQJPRGHOGHILQHVWKHOHDUQLQJDFWLYLWLHVDVWKH

(4)

#FXCPEGUKP.GCTPKPI2TQEGUUGU 

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



#FCRVKXG9GDDCUGF'FWECVKQPCN5[UVGOU

  7KHDGRSWLRQRILQWHOOLJHQWDJHQWVLQHGXFDWLRQVWDUWHGLQWKHHQGRIWKHVEDVHGRQWKH ZRUNRQDXWRQRPRXVDJHQWVLQWHOOLJHQWWXWRULQJV\VWHPVDQGHGXFDWLRQDOWKHRU\

7KH DUWLILFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH LQ HGXFDWLRQ KDV WKH SRWHQWLDO WR LPSURYH WKH OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV DGDSWLQJ WKH PDWHULDOV DQG WKH OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQW WR WKH VWXGHQW SURILOH 7KH VWXGHQW SURILOHLVEDVHGRQKLVOHDUQLQJVW\OHOHDUQLQJQHHGVJRDOVDQGFKRLFHV

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

2QHRIWKHILUVWDUFKLWHFWXUHVRIDQ,76V\VWHPZDVSUHVHQWHGE\%XUQDQG&DSVLQ7KLV DUFKLWHFWXUH ZDV EDVHG RQ IRXU PDLQ FRPSRQHQWV FXUULFXOXP PRGXOH VWXGHQW PRGXOH WXWRU SHGDJRJLFDOPRGXOH DQGWKHLQWHUIDFHPRGXOHEHWZHHQWKHVWXGHQWDQGWKHV\VWHP 7KLV EDVLF DUFKLWHFWXUH ZDV LPSURYHG E\ VHYHUDO UHVHDUFKHUV LQFOXGLQJ 2QJ DQG 5DPDFKDQGUDQ LQ  7KRPDV LQ  %DVV LQ  &KRTXHW HW DO LQ  7LWWHU DQG %OHVVLQJLQDQG1NDPERXDQG*DXWKLHULQ





(5)

#FXCPEGUKP#TVKſEKCN+PVGNNKIGPEGVQ/QFGN5VWFGPV%GPVTGF8.'U 

0RGHUQ LQWHOOLJHQW WXWRULQJ V\VWHP DUFKLWHFWXUHV )LJ   DUH YHU\ VLPLODU WR WKH %XUQ DQG &DSV SURSRVHG DUFKLWHFWXUH 7KH IRXU PRGXOHV DUH UHSUHVHQWHG IUHTXHQWO\ DV WKH GRPDLQ PRGXOHVWXGHQWPRGXOHSHGDJRJLFDOPRGXOHDQGWKHLQWHUIDFHPRGXOH

7KH VWXGHQW KDV WKH PDLQ UROH LQ WKH LQWHOOLJHQW WXWRULQJ V\VWHP $OO WKH IHDWXUHV RI WKH V\VWHPKDYHWKHPLVVLRQWRDGDSWWKHLQWHUIDFHDQGWKHSHGDJRJLFDOPDWHULDOWRWKHVWXGHQW SURILOHDQGKLVSUHIHUHQFHV 7KHGRPDLQPRGXOHLVWKHNQRZOHGJHPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPRIZKLFKDOOWKHFRQFHSWVWKDW WKHV\VWHPSUHWHQGVWRWUDQVPLWWRWKHVWXGHQWDUHVWRUHG &RQQHFWHGWRWKHGRPDLQPRGXOHDUHWKHVWXGHQWPRGXOHDQGWKHSHGDJRJLFDOPRGXOH7KH VWXGHQWPRGXOHUHSUHVHQWVWKHOHDUQHU·VEHKDYLRUKLVSURILOHOHDUQLQJVW\OHPRWLYDWLRQOHYHO DQG KLV LQWHUHVWV 7KLV PRGXOH LV EDVHG RQ DUWLILFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH VNLOOV WKDW VLPXODWH WKH KXPDQ EHKDYLRU $OO WKH VWXGHQW EHKDYLRU LV UHFRUGHG LQ WKH V\VWHP DQG XVHG IRU ´UHDVRQLQJµDQGDGDSWWKHGRPDLQPRGXOHWRWKHOHDUQHU·VQHHGV

7KH SHGDJRJLFDO PRGXOH DFWV KDV D YLUWXDO LQVWUXFWRU SUHVHQWLQJ WKH FRQWHQWV LQ DQ DSSURSULDWH VHTXHQFH EDVHG RQ WKH VWXGHQW VNLOOV DQG KLV OHDUQLQJ VW\OH 7KLV LV DQ LQWHUDFWLYHSURFHVVDQGWKLVPRGXOHKDVWKHPLVVLRQWRH[SODLQWKHFRQFHSWVWRWKHVWXGHQW JLYHQVHYHUDOSRLQWVRIYLHZDQGVXSSRUWLQJDOOWKHOHDUQLQJSURFHVV

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

7KHW\SHRILQWHUYHQWLRQRIWKHSHGDJRJLFDOPRGXOHZLWKLQWKHV\VWHPLVYHU\LPSRUWDQWIRU WKHVWXGHQW·VFUHDWLYLW\DQGPRWLYDWLRQ:HQJHUSURSRVHGWKDWLWLVPRUHHIILFLHQWWROHWWKH VWXGHQW VHDUFK IRU WKH VROXWLRQ IRU RQH SUREOHP EHIRUH PDNLQJ DQ\ VRUW RI LQWHUYHQWLRQ :HQJHU 

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

3HGDJRJLFDO DJHQWV DUH DXWRQRPRXV DJHQWV WKDW RFFXS\ FRPSXWHUOHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV DQGIDFLOLWDWHOHDUQLQJE\LQWHUDFWLQJZLWKVWXGHQWVRURWKHUDJHQWV3HGDJRJLFDODJHQWVKDYH EHHQ GHVLJQHG WR SURGXFH D UDQJH RI EHKDYLRUV WKDW LQFOXGH WKH DELOLW\ WR UHDVRQ DERXW

(6)

#FXCPEGUKP.GCTPKPI2TQEGUUGU  PXOWLSOHDJHQWVLQVLPXODWHGHQYLURQPHQWVDFWDVDSHHUFROHDUQHURUFRPSHWLWRUJHQHUDWH PXOWLSOHSHGDJRJLFDOO\DSSURSULDWHVWUDWHJLHVDQGDVVLVWLQVWUXFWRUVDQGVWXGHQWVLQYLUWXDO ZRUOGV 6KDZHWDO  :LWKWKHH[SDQVLRQRI(OHDUQLQJWRRYHUFRPHWKHOLPLWDWLRQRI´RQHVL]HILWVDOOµ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

$GDSWLYH+\SHUPHGLD6\VWHPVDUHW\SLFDOO\UXOHEDVHGV\VWHPVZLWKRXWWKHDELOLW\WRDGDSW WR QHZ OHDUQLQJ VLWXDWLRQV 7R DGGUHVV WKLV LV SURSRVHG WKH LQWHJUDWLRQ RI FDVHEDVHG UHDVRQLQJ DJHQWV WR DGDSW WKH FRQWHQWV WR WKH VWXGHQWV QHHG LPSURYLQJ WKH VKDULQJ RI NQRZOHGJHLQOHDUQLQJPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPV



#TVKHKEKCN+PVGNNKIGPEGOGVJQFQNQIKGUKPGFWECVKQP



&DVHEDVHG UHDVRQLQJ &%5  LV RQH RI WKH PDMRU UHDVRQLQJ SDUDGLJPV LQ DUWLILFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH KDYLQJ DSSOLFDWLRQV LQ VHYHUDO UHVHDUFK DUHDV .RORGQHU .RORGQHU   GHILQHG &%5 DV DGDSWLQJ ROG VROXWLRQV WR PHHW QHZ GHPDQGV XVLQJ ROG FDVHV WR H[SODLQ QHZVLWXDWLRQVXVLQJROGFDVHVWRFULWLTXHQHZVROXWLRQVRUUHDVRQLQJIURPSUHFHGHQWVWR LQWHUSUHW D QHZ VLWXDWLRQ PXFK DV ODZ\HUV GR  RU FUHDWH DQ HTXLWDEOH VROXWLRQ WR D QHZ SUREOHP PXFKDVODERUPHGLDWRUVGR 

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‡ 5HWULHYLQJVLPLODUFDVHVH[SHULHQFHGLQWKHSDVW ‡ 5HXVLQJWKHFDVHVFRS\LQJRULQWHJUDWLQJWKHVROXWLRQVIURPWKHFDVHVUHWULHYHG ‡ 5HYLVLQJRUDGDSWLQJWKHVROXWLRQ V UHWULHYHGWRVROYHWKHQHZSUREOHP ‡ 5HWDLQLQJWKHQHZYDOLGDWHGVROXWLRQ 

(7)

#FXCPEGUKP#TVKſEKCN+PVGNNKIGPEGVQ/QFGN5VWFGPV%GPVTGF8.'U 



)LJ&%5F\FOH $DPRGW 3OD]D 



&%5KDVEHHQZLGHO\DGRSWHGLQVHYHUDOGRPDLQVVXFKDVPHGLFLQHGLDJQRVHVNQRZOHGJH DFTXLVLWLRQ KHOSGHVN GHVLJQ SODQQLQJ VFKHGXOLQJ URERW QDYLJDWLRQ LPDJH SURFHVVLQJ HOHFWURQLFFRPPHUFHDQGPDLQWHQDQFH

7KH XVH RI &%5 LQ HGXFDWLRQ KDV VHYHUDO DGYDQWDJHV OLNH VXSSRUWLQJ WKH OHFWXUHUV LQ WKH GHVLJQ RI PRUH HIIHFWLYH OHDUQLQJ DFWLYLWLHV DQG WKH VWXGHQWV LQ RUGHU WR LPSURYH WKHLU OHDUQLQJH[SHULHQFHDQGWKHLUNQRZOHGJH



K&QOWUŌ#PCFCRVKXGGNGCTPKPIU[UVGO



7KHKHWHURJHQHLW\RIVWXGHQWVLQKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQZLOOLQFUHDVHGDVDUHVXOWRIWKHGHPDQGV RI NQRZOHGJH EDVHG HFRQRP\ ZKLFK GHPDQGV D OLIHORQJ OHDUQLQJ SDUDGLJP 7KH OLIHORQJ OHDUQLQJ KDV EHHQ GHILQHG DV RQH RI WKH SULRULWLHVRI WKH %RORJQD 3URFHVV 7KXVLW ZLOOEH

(8)

#FXCPEGUKP.GCTPKPI2TQEGUUGU 

LQFUHDVLQJ WKH QXPEHU RI VWXGHQWV LQ GLIIHUHQW FRQWH[WV RI OHDUQLQJ 7R PHHW WKHVH QHZ FKDOOHQJHV LV QHFHVVDU\ DQ LPSURYHG FXVWRPL]DWLRQ RI WKH OHDUQLQJ PHWKRGRORJLHV WR VXSSRUWHDFKVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJVW\OH

7KHLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIWKHVWXGHQWVOHDUQLQJVW\OHLVDQLPSRUWDQWUHTXLUHPHQWIRUDQDGDSWLYH V\VWHPLQRUGHUWRDGDSWWKHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWWRWKHQHHGVRIHDFKVWXGHQW

7R LPSOHPHQW WKLV DSSURDFKLW ZDV GHYHORS WKH L'RPXV V\VWHP VXSSRUWHG E\ FDVHEDVHG UHDVRQLQJ &%5  WKHRU\ DQG $GDSWLYH :HEEDVHG (GXFDWLRQDO 6\VWHPV WR UHVSRQVH WR WKH FKDOOHQJHV RI %RORJQD 3URFHVV EDVHG RQ WKH VWXGHQW OHDUQLQJ VW\OH JRDOV DQG OHDUQLQJ LQWHUHVWV

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

:LWK )X]]\ DSSURDFK LW·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

(9)

#FXCPEGUKP#TVKſEKCN+PVGNNKIGPEGVQ/QFGN5VWFGPV%GPVTGF8.'U 

 )LJL'RPXVV\VWHP



7KLV DUFKLWHFWXUH EDVHG RQ &%5 DQG DGDSWLYH K\SHUPHGLD V\VWHPV KDV WKH PDLQ JRDO WR VXSSRUWWKHVWXGHQWRQOHDUQLQJDFWLYLWLHV7KHPDLQDGYDQWDJHRIWKLVDSSURDFKLVWKHUHXVH RI OHDUQLQJ FRQWHQWV DQG FRQWH[WV LQFUHDVLQJ WKH NQRZOHGJH RI WKH V\VWHP DV WKH WLPH SDVVHV

7RHYDOXDWHWKHL'RPXVV\VWHPLWZDVPDGHDFDVHVWXG\LQWZRGLIIHUHQWJURXSV2QHRI ,QWURGXFWLRQ WR &RPSXWHU 6FLHQFH FRPSRVHG E\  VWXGHQWV DQG RWKHU RI :HE 'HYHORSPHQW FRPSRVHG E\  VWXGHQWV 7KH QXPEHU RI VW\OHV LGHQWLILHG LV OHVV WKDQ WKH QXPEHURIXVHUVRIWKHSODWIRUPEHFDXVHWKHDQVZHUWRWKHTXHVWLRQQDLUHZDVYROXQWDU\DQG GRHVQ·WUHVWULFWWKHXVHRIWKHL'RPXVV\VWHP

7R LGHQWLI\ WKH VWXGHQWV· OHDUQLQJ VW\OHV LW ZDV RQO\ FRQVLGHUHG WKH H[SHULPHQWDO JURXS ZKLFKXVHGWKHL'RPXVSODWIRUP7KHFRQWUROJURXSXVHGDGLIIHUHQWSODWIRUPZLWKRXW&%5 DQGDGDSWLYHIHDWXUHV

7KHH[SHULPHQWDOJURXSRI:HE'HYHORSPHQWKDGDVPDOOHUPHPEHUVKLSLQUHVSRQVHWRWKH TXHVWLRQQDLUHWKDQWKHJURXSRI,QWURGXFWLRQWR&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH

7KHDQDO\VLVRIWKHUHVXOWVLQGHQWLILHVDPRGHUDWHSUHIHUHQFHIRUHDFKVW\OHDFWLYHUHIOHFWLYH WKHRUHWLFDO DQG SUDJPDWLF 2QO\  RI VWXGHQWV KDG D YHU\ KLJK SUHIHUHQFH IRU UHIOHFWLYH VW\OHDQGE\WKHWKHRUHWLFDO7KHUHLVQ·WDQ\VWXGHQWZLWKDYHU\KLJKSUHIHUHQFHWRWKH SUDJPDWLFVW\OH7KHPRGHUDWHOHYHOLVWKHSUHGRPLQDQW

,QWKHDGDSWDWLRQRIOHDUQLQJFRQWH[WPDGHE\L'RPXVWRHDFKVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJVW\OHVKRZV WKDW PRVW RI WKH VWXGHQWV KDG D PRGHUDWH SUHIHUHQFH ZKLFK LPSOLHV D YHU\ QDUURZ DGDSWDWLRQ

(10)

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

,QWKHVXUYH\WKHVWXGHQWVUHFRJQL]HWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHFRQWHQWVRUJDQL]HGLQOHDUQLQJ DFWLYLWLHVDQGWKHDGDSWDWLRQRIWKHDFWLYLWLHVDQGFRQWHQWVWRWKHLUOHDUQLQJQHHGVL'RPXV XVHVWKH&%5DGDSWLQJSDVWFDVHVWRVROYHQHZSUREOHPVZLWKFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIDQDGYLVRU WKDW DOHUWV WKH VWXGHQW IRU DOO WKH HYHQWV FRDFKLQJ WKH VWXGHQW DQG FRRUGLQDWLQJ WKH FROODERUDWLYHDFWLYLWLHV



%QPENWUKQPUCPFHWVWTGTGUGCTEJ



7KH XVH RI LQWHOOLJHQW V\VWHPV LQ HGXFDWLRQ KDV VHYHUDO DGYDQWDJHV LQ WKH VXSSRUW DQG SHUVRQDOL]DWLRQRIHOHDUQLQJ7KHDGRSWLRQRIDUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHLQHGXFDWLRQVWDUWVZLWK ,QWHOOLJHQWWXWRULQJV\VWHPVZKLFKDUHW\SLFDOO\XVHGLQFRPSXWHUEDVHGWUDLQLQJ &%7 DQG GRQ·W VXSSRUW WKH FROODERUDWLRQ DQG FRRSHUDWLRQ ,Q WKLV FKDSWHU LW ZDV SURSRVHG WKH DGRSWLRQRI&DVHEDVHGUHDVRQLQJDQG$GDSWLYH:HEEDVHG(GXFDWLRQDO6\VWHPVWRPRGHO VWXGHQWFHQWUHG9LUWXDO/HDUQLQJ(QYLURQPHQWV

/HDUQLQJVW\OHVKDGEHFRPHLQFUHDVLQJO\LPSRUWDQWLQHGXFDWLRQZLWKWKHOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJ SDUDGLJPWKDWOHDGVWRQHZOHDUQLQJFRQWH[WVZKLFKDUHLQFUHDVLQJO\PRUHKHWHURJHQHRXV ,W·V LPSRUWDQW WR WDNH LQWR DFFRXQW WKH OHDUQLQJ VW\OHV RI HDFK VWXGHQW WR SURYLGH D PRUH HIIHFWLYHHGXFDWLRQDOSURFHVV

7KH L'RPXV SODWIRUP LV D YLUWXDO OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQW WKDW XVHV LQWHOOLJHQW DUWLILFLDO PHWKRGRORJLHVOLNH&%5DQGIX]]\ORJLFWRDGDSWOHDUQLQJDFWLYLWLHVWRWKHVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJ QHHGVEDVHGRQGLIILFXOWLHVDQGGLIIHUHQWOHDUQLQJVW\OHV

7KHYDOLGDWLRQRIL'RPXVZDVGRQHWKURXJKWKHGDWDFROOHFWLRQDQGWZRFDVHVWXGLHVRQHLQ ,QWURGXFWLRQWR&RPSXWHU6FLHQFHDQGRWKHULQ:HE'HYHORSPHQW

%DVHGRQWKHUHVXOWVLWFDQEHFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKHLQWHJUDWLRQRIFROODERUDWLYHDQGDGDSWLYH FDSDELOLWLHV RI ,QWHOOLJHQW 7XWRULQJ 6\VWHPV LQ $GDSWLYH +\SHUPHGLD 6\VWHPV ZLWK

(11)

#FXCPEGUKP#TVKſEKCN+PVGNNKIGPEGVQ/QFGN5VWFGPV%GPVTGF8.'U  SRVVLELOLW\WRDGGQRWHVWRFRQWHQWVWRVKDUHNQRZOHGJHLVDQLPSRUWDQWIHDWXUHWRLPSURYH WKHOHDUQLQJH[SHULHQFH 7KHRUJDQL]DWLRQRIFRQWHQWVXVLQJOHDUQLQJDFWLYLWLHVZDVKLJKOLJKWHGDVYHU\LPSRUWDQWE\ WKHVWXGHQWVLQWKHVXUYH\DQGWKHDGRSWLRQRIOHDUQLQJVW\OHVWRPRGHOWKHXVHUSURILOHZDV FRQVLGHUHGLPSRUWDQW

7KH L'RPXV VXSSRUWV WKH VWXGHQW LQ WKHLU OHDUQLQJ DFWLYLWLHV FROODERUDWLYH ZRUN DJHQGD PDQDJHPHQWDQGVKRZVVHYHUDOSRLQWVRIYLHZRIVRPHVXEMHFWVVXJJHVWLQJ:HEUHVRXUFHV WRFRPSOHPHQWWKHVWXGHQWNQRZOHGJH

7KHVH FDSDELOLWLHV FDQ EH DGRSWHG LQ VHYHUDO YLUWXDO OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV WR SURYLGH D PRUH HIIHFWLYH VXSSRUW LQ WKH OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV JRLQJ LQ WKH GLUHFWLRQ RI WKH QHHGV RI NQRZOHGJHEDVHGVRFLHWLHV

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oD LQ SDUWQHUVKLS ZLWK RWKHU LQVWLWXWLRQV WR VXSSRUW/HDUQLQJ'HVLJQDQG&%5WXWRULQJDJHQWVLQ6DNDL



4GHGTGPEGU



$DPRGW $ 3OD]D (   &DVHEDVHG UHDVRQLQJ )RXQGDWLRQDO LVVXHV PHWKRGRORJLFDO YDULDWLRQV DQG V\VWHP DSSURDFKHV $UWLILFLDO ,QWHOOLJHQFH &RPPXQLFDWLRQV     

$OO\0  'HVLJQLQJ'LVWULEXWHG(QYLURQPHQWVZLWK,QWHOOLJHQW6RIWZDUH$JHQWV,GHD *URXS3XEOLVKLQJ

$ORQVR&HWDO  /RVHVWLORVGHDSUHQGL]DJH3URFHGLPLHQWRVGHGLDJQRVWLFR\PHMRUD WKHG (GLFLRQHV0HQVDMHUR%LOEDR

$OYHV 3 $PDUDO / 3LUHV -   &DVH%DVHG 5HDVRQLQJ $SSURDFK WR $GDSWLYH :HE %DVHG (GXFDWLRQDO 6\VWHPV ,&$/7  3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH  (LJKWK ,((( ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ $GYDQFHG /HDUQLQJ 7HFKQRORJLHV SS  ,((( &RPSXWHU6RFLHW\6DQWDQGHU

%UXVLORYVN\ 3 DQG 0D\EXU\ 07   )URP DGDSWLYH K\SHUPHGLD WR DGDSWLYH :HE &RPPXQLFDWLRQVRIWKH$&0

%XUQ + &DSV &   ,QWHOOLJHQW 7XWRULQJ 6\VWHPV /DZUHQFH (UOEDXP $VVRFLDWHV +LOOVGDOH1-

GHOD+DUSH%.XOVNL0DQG5DGORII$  +RZEHVWWRGRFXPHQWWKHTXDOLW\RIRXU WHDFKLQJDQGRXUVWXGHQWVOHDUQLQJ",Q.0DUWLQ16WDQOH\DQG1'DYLVRQ (GV  7HDFKLQJLQWKH'LVFLSOLQHV/HDUQLQJLQ&RQWH[W3URFHHGLQJVRIWKHWK $QQXDO 7HDFKLQJ /HDUQLQJ )RUXP 7KH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI :HVWHUQ $XVWUDOLD 3HUWK 8:$

'H %UD 3 6PLWV ' 6WDVK 1   &UHDWLQJ DQG 'HOLYHULQJ $GDSWLYH &RXUVHV ZLWK $+$ 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH ILUVW (XURSHDQ &RQIHUHQFH RQ 7HFKQRORJ\ (QKDQFHG /HDUQLQJ(&7(/6SULQJHU/1&6SS&UHWH

(12)

#FXCPEGUKP.GCTPKPI2TQEGUUGU 

'LDV3  &RPXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DJHPHIRUPDomRRQOLQH1RY#)RUPDomR5HYLVWD 6REUHD)RUPDomRD'LVWkQFLD (OHDUQLQJ,QRIRUSS

)LJXHLUHGR$H$IRQVR$  &RQWH[WDQG/HDUQLQJDSKLORVRSKLFDOIUDPHZRUNLQ$ )LJXHLUHGR H $ $IRQVR HGV 0DQDJLQJ /HDUQLQJLQ 9LUWXDO 6HWWLQJV7KH5ROH RI &RQWH[W+HUVKH\3$86$,GHD*URXS3XEOLVKLQJ

*LEEV*  $VVHVVLQJPRUHVWXGHQWV2[IRUG2[IRUG%URRNHV8QLYHUVLW\

*RRGPDQ % +LW]HPDQ - /LQWRQ ) 5RVV +   7RZDUGV ,QWHOOLJHQW $JHQWV IRU &ROODERUDWLYH/HDUQLQJ5HFRJQL]LQJWKH5ROHRI'LDORJXH3DUWLFLSDQWV,Q3URFRI $UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFHLQ(GXFDWLRQ $,(' ,263UHVV$PVWHUGDP

+RQH\3DQG0XPIRUG$  $0DQXDORI/HDUQLQJ6W\OHV3HWHU+RQH\0DLGHQKHDG .HDUVOH\ * 3   $UWLILFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH DQG HGXFDWLRQ $SSOLFDWLRQV DQG PHWKRGV

$GGLVRQ:HVOH\

.ROE'  ([SHULHQWLDO/HDUQLQJ3UHQWLFH+DOO

.RORGQHU-  &DVHEDVHG5HDVRQLQJ0RUJDQ.DXIPDQ

/HVJROG$.DW]6*UHHQEHUJ/+XJKHV((JJDQ*  ([WHQVLRQVRI,QWHOOLJHQW 7XWRULQJ3DUDGLJPVWR6XSSRUW&ROODERUDWLYH/HDUQLQJ,Q6'LMNVWUD+.UDPPHU - YDQ 0HUULHQERHU (GV  ,QVWUXFWLRQDO 0RGHOV LQ &RPSXWHU%DVHG /HDUQLQJ (QYLURQPHQWV%HUOLQ6SULQJHU9HUODJSS

0LUDQGD /   (GXFDomR RQOLQH LQWHUDFomR H HVWLORV GH DSUHQGL]DJHP GH DOXQRV GR HQVLQR VXSHULRU QXPD SODWDIRUPD :HE 7HVH GH 'RXWRUDPHQWR 8QLYHUVLGDGH GR 0LQKR

1ZDQD+6  6RIWZDUHDJHQWV$QRYHUYLHZ7KH.QRZOHGJH(QJLQHHULQJ5HYLHZ   ²

6KDZ(ULQ-RKQVRQ:/HZLVDQG*DQHVKDQ5DMDUDP  3HGDJRJLFDO$JHQWVRQWKH :HE ,Q 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH 7KLUG ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ $XWRQRPRXV $JHQWV1HZ<RUN$&03UHVV

6OHHPDQ' %URZQ-6,QWHOOLJHQWWXWRULQJV\VWHPV1HZ<RUN$FDGHPLF3UHVV :HQJHU(  $UWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHDQGWXWRULQJV\VWHPV&RPSXWDWLRQDODQGFRJQLWLYH

DSSURDFKHVWRWKHFRPPXQLFDWLRQRINQRZOHGJH/RV$OWRV&$0RUJDQ.DXIPDQ <DQJ & HW DO   $SSO\LQJ FROOLVLRQ DYRLGDQFH H[SHUW V\VWHP WR QDYLJDWLRQ WUDLQLQJ

V\VWHPV DV DQ LQWHOOLJHQW WXWRU 3URFHHGLQJV RI ,($$,( WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH%XGDSHVW+XQJDU\SS²

Referências

Descarregar agora ( PDF - 12 páginas - 174.17 KB )

Documentos relacionados

Moment-to-moment changes in feeling moved match changes in closeness, tears, goosebumps, and warmth: time series analyses

For each of the six video clips, cross-correlation function (equivalent to r) at lag 0 between de-trended and smoothed time series of mean of one set of participants’ ratings

Empresas brasileiras de capital aberto que pagam menos impostos criam mais empregos?

A importância dessa pesquisa de contabilidade fiscal está no fato que, até onde nos é dado a saber, não há estudos na respectiva literatura brasileira procurando evidências

Muralismo: arte, cultura e pós-humanismo

E, nesse sentido, o conceito de “inclusivismo situado”, abordado no livro de Ferrando (2013), foi amplamente adotado neste projeto. Assim, os pesquisadores pretendiam

QGUp 'HOO\ 9HLJD DQG XL] +LOGHEUDQGR GH DVWUR H 6LOYD

)LJXUHV DQG VKRZ WKH VXUIDFH UHVSRQVH RI WKH JHUPLQDWLRQ DQG UDGLFOH SURWUXVLRQ YDULDEOHV RI WKH &amp; FDQHSKRUD VHHGV DIWHU IRXU PRQWKV RI VWRUDJH GULHG DW

3DODYUDV FKDYH FDIp FRPSRVWRV QLWURJHQDGRV TXDOLGDGH GD EHELGD WHPSHUDWXUD GR DU

7KH UHVXOWV RI WKLV VWXG\ VKRZ WKDW WHPSHUDWXUH EXW QRW WKH DYDLODELOLW\ RI ZDWHU PD\ EH DQ LPSRUWDQW IDFWRU UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH GLIIHUHQFHV LQ WKH TXDOLW\ DQG

3DODYUDV FKDYH DQLGUDVH FDUE{QLFD OLPLWDomR HVWRPiWLFD PDVVD VHFD ,1752'87,21

*URZWK DQG \LHOG ZHUH HQKDQFHG E\ WKH GHIROLDWLRQ WUHDWPHQW7KHLQFUHDVHLQWKHVHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVZDVPD[LPDO ZLWK GHIROLDWLRQ DW '$6 ,QFUHDVHG OHDI QXPEHU DQG OHDI DUHD GXH WR GHIROLDWLRQ

Joao Amaro de Matos

Zh frqvlghu looltxlglw| dv wkh lpsrvvlelolw| wr wudqvdfw wkh xqghuo|lqj dvvhw dw jlyhq srlqwv lq wlph1 Wkhuhiruh/ pdunhwv duh qr orqjhu frpsohwh dqg wkh delolw| wr frqvwuxfw dw

Strategic Entrepreneurship as a source of cultural organizations performance improvement: the case study of Casa da Música.

The management model followed by the Casa da Música until 2013 has been Strategic Entrepreneurship, in that both the Foundation Board and the Board of