Minimum Documentation Fiche composed by national/regional working party of: Brazil

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Minimum Documentation Fiche

composed by national/regional working party of: Brazil

0.1 Picture of building/site depicted item:

Santa Maria Sanatorium source: CPDOC/FGV date: c. 1942

Otávio de Freitas Sanatorium source: CPDOC/FGV

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Maracanaú Sanatorium source: CPDOC/FGV date: c. 1940.

Getulio Vargas Sanatorium source: CPDOC/FGV date: c. 1942.

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Mandaqui Sanatorium source: CPDOC/FGV date: c. 1940.

1. Identity of building/group of buildings/urban scheme/landscape/garden 1.1 current name of building: Tuberculosis Sanatoriums built for Getulio Vargas first administration (1937-1945)

1.2 variant or former name: Santa Maria Sanatorium; Belém Sanatorium; Otávio de Freitas Sanatorium; Maracanaú Sanatorium; Getúlio Vargas Sanatorium (ES); Azevedo Lima Sanatorium; Getúlio Vargas Sanatorium (PI); Aracaju Sanatorium; General Severiano da Fonseca Sanatorium; Clementino Fraga Sanatorium; Mandaqui Sanatorium.

1.3 number & name of street: Estrada do Rio Pequeno, 656 - Taquara, Rio de Janeiro - RJ; Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487 – Guamá, Belém; Rua Aprígio Guímarães - Tejipió, Recife; Rua Cap. Valdemar de Lima, Maracanaú; Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468 - Vitória - ES; Rua Teixeira Freitas, 30 - Fonseca, Niterói; Rua 5 de Janeiro, 166 - São Luís - MA; Av. Marechal Rondon, Aracaju; Av. José da Silveira Camerino, 1065, Maceió; Rua Ester Borges Bastos, Jaguaribe - João Pessoa e Av. Voluntários da Pátria, 4301, Mandaqui -São Paulo.

1.4 town: Rio de Janeiro; Belém; Recife; Maracanaú; Vitória; Niterói; São Luís; Aracaju; Maceió; João Pessoa e São Paulo.

1.5 province/state: Rio de Janeiro; Pará; Pernambuco; Ceará; Espírito Santo; Rio de Janeiro; Rio Grande do Norte; Maranhão; Sergipe; Alagoas; Paraíba e São Paulo.

1.6 zip code: 22723-195 (RJ); 66073-000 (PA); 50920-640 (PE); 61900-020 (CE); 29047-105 (ES); 24130-616 (RJ); 65040-055 (MA); 49100-000 (SE); 57057-250 (AL); 58015-270 (PB); 02401-400 (SP).

1.7 country: Brazil

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1.9 classification/typology: Sanatoriums 1.10 protection status & date: Not protected 2 History of building

2.1 original brief/purpose: Sanatoriums built for treatment of Tuberculosis

2.2 dates: Sanatório de Santa Maria (1937-1943); Sanatório de Belém (1938-1950); Sanatório Otávio de Freitas (1938-1946); Sanatório de Fortaleza (1938); Sanatório Getúlio Vargas - ES (1938-1942); Sanatório Azevedo Lima (1939-1946); Sanatório Getulio Vargas - PI (1939-1941); Sanatório de Aracaju (1939-1941); Sanatório General Severiano da Fonseca (1939-1946); Sanatório Clementino Fraga (1941-1946); Sanatório de Mandaqui (1939-1950).

2.3 architectural and other designers: Team of the Works Division of the Ministry of Education and Health.

2.4 others associated with building

2.5 significant alterations with dates: After the closing of the division, in 1977, and along the 1980’s, all these sanatoriums became general hospitals or university hospitals, keeping his healthing use.

2.6 current use: General hospitals or university hospitals.

2.7 current condition: Good, with internal interventions done during the last 20 years.

3 Description

3.1 general description: The Works Division of the Ministry of Education and Health acted between 1934 and 1977 in the construction of the sanatoruims for all over the country, being responsible for elaborate the architectural programs, the projects, organize the specifications and the bugets, execute and supervise the works. During his existance, his team of professionals projected and constructed with funds from the minstry, from 13 to 19 big sanatoriums for tuberculosis in pratically all the states of the brazilian nation.

3.2 construction: During the first Getulio Vargas administration (1937-1945).

3.3 context: During the first Getulio Vargas administration (1937-1945), it was developed a national policy for the construction of the sanatoriums to batlle the tuberculosis. Following a global tendency ocorred between the two great world wars, this policy would utilize the sanatoriums as the main elements to battle the diseases that recomended the isolation as therapy, like the tuberculosis. Health as a public political sphere played a crucial role in the construction and consolidation of the nation, of the state and their relations with society. In Brazil, the sanitation campaigns at the beginning of the XX century, the establishment of the federal government health agencies between the decades of 1930 and 1940 are, amidst others, landmarks of a path directly linked to the foundation of a valuable heritage, expressed in the most diverse registers, properties, testimonials and collections of information and knowledge.

4 Evaluation

4.1 technical: These sanatoriums present technical qualities that followed the recomendations for a better treatment for tuberculosis, including healing varandas, with the use of heliotherapy; ventilated and illuminated spaces; location in large green areas farway from city downtowns.

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4.2 social: These sanatoriums, adapted for general and university hospitals, are very useful for the local population, that, unfortunately, don´t know about their history.

4.3 cultural & aesthetic: In aesthetic terms the modernity of these sanatorium´s architecture would express itself in a relative way, more close to Erich Mendelsohn expression school, or after Alvar Aalto´s Paimio Sanatorium or even utilizing the american déco repertoire.

4.4 historical: These sanatoriums symbolized an important brazilian public policy for health programs of Getulio Varga´s first administration for the battle of tuberculosis, wich became marked as the ‘sanitation crusade of the Getulian era’. 5 Documentation

5.1 principal references:

BITTENCOURT, Tânia. Peste Branca, Arquitetura Branca: os sanatórios de tuberculosos no Brasil na primeira metade do século vinte, 2000. Dissertação de mestrado, São Carlos: Instituto Escola de Engenharia, Universidade de São Carlos.

COSTA, Renato Gama-Rosa. “Arquitetura e saúde no Rio de Janeiro” IN: PORTO, Ângela et al. História da saúde no Rio de Janeiro: instituições e patrimônio arquitetônico – Rio de Janeiro (1808-1958). Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz; 2008.

COSTA, Renato Gama-Rosa. Healthcare in Brazil. 1930-1960: preserving the modern architectural legacy. IN Docomomo Journal, n. 37, sept. 2007.

PORTO, Ângela et al. História da saúde no Rio de Janeiro: instituições e patrimônio arquitetônico – Rio de Janeiro (1808-1958). Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz; 2008.

5.2 visual material attached 5.3 rapporteur/date: july 2012

6 Fiche report examination by ISC/R name of examining ISC member: date of examination:

approval:

working party/ref. n°: NAI ref. n°: comments: