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Determination of As(III) and As(V) in waters by chronopotentiometric stripping analysis

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UDC543.554:628.032:546.19 APTEFF, 37,1-192(2006) BIBLID: 1450–7188 (2006) 37,107-115 Original scientiic paper

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DETERMINATION OF As(III) AND As(V) IN WATERS

BY CHRONOPOTENTIOMETRIC STRIPPING ANALYSIS

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Table 1.&RQWHQWVRI$V,,,DQG$V9LQZDWHUV

As(III) [µg/dm3] As(V) [µg/dm3]

7DSZDWHU rD E r

7DSZDWHU 8.0r r

7DSZDWHU r0.1 r0.1

:HOOZDWHUP r r

:HOOZDWHUP r r

:HOOZDWHUP QGc QG

:HOOZDWHUP QG r

5DLQZDWHU QG r

5LYHUZDWHU7LVD r0.1 10.7r

5LYHUZDWHU7LVD r0.1 r

5LYHUZDWHU7LVD r r

5LYHUZDWHU

'DQXEH QG r

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