P ROGRAM - A BSTRACTS

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14 EUROPEAN MEETING OF THE PALEOPATHOLOGY ASSOCIATION

P ^ROGRAM - A ^BSTRACTS

14^THEMPPA2002

COIMBRA,28–31AUGUST,2002

http://emppa2002.uc.pt [email protected]

EDITOR

DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTROPOLOGIA

FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS E TECNOLOGIA

UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA

PORTUGAL

ISBN

972 - 9006 - 42 - 3

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HONORARY COMMITTEE

Minister of Science and High Education, Prof. Dr. Pedro Lynce Rector of the University of Coimbra, Prof. Dr. Fernando Rebelo

President of the Direction Board of the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of Coimbra, Prof. Dr. Lélio Quaresma

Mayor of Coimbra, Dr. Carlos Encarnação

President of the Paleopathology Association, Prof. Dr. Michael Schultz Emerita President of the Paleopathology Association, Ms. Eve Cockburn

Professor Decano in Anthropology, Prof. Dr. Manuel Laranjeira Rodrigues de Areia President of the Department of Anthropology of the Faculty of Sciences and

Technology of the University of Coimbra, Prof. Dr. Cristina Padez

Coordinator of the Anthropological Museum, University of Coimbra, Prof. Dr. Paulo Gama

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Don Brothwell (UK) Domingo Campillo (Spain) Luigi Capasso (Italy) Éric Crubézy (France) Eugénia Cunha (Portugal) Olivier Dutour (France) Francisco Etxeberria (Spain) Gino Fornaciari (Italy) Rimantas Jankauskas (Lithuania) George Maat (The Netherlands) Antónia Marcsik (Hungary) Don Ortner (USA)

Alejandro Pérez-Pérez (Spain) Mary Lucas Powell (USA) Charlotte Roberts (United Kingdom) Conrado Rodriguez-Martín (Spain) Michael Schultz (Germany) Sheila Mendonça de Souza (Brazil) Eugen Strouhal (Czech Republic) Maria Teschler-Nicola (Austria) Duarte Nuno Vieira (Portugal) Roxie Walker (United Kingdom) David Weaver (USA)

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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Eugénia Cunha M. Teresa Ferreira Carina Marques Vítor Matos Maria Augusta Rocha Ana Luísa Santos Cláudia Umbelino Sofia Wasterlain

VOLUNTEERS COMMITTEE

Maria da Graça Araújo Sónia Codinha Cristina Cruz Francisco Curate Ana Rita Domingos Liliana Laranjeira Marta Macedo Paula Meneses David Ribeiro Carme Rissech Zélia Rodrigues Claúdia Santos Ana Leonor Silva Ana Maria Silva José Carlos Xabregas

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27AUGUST

04.00 – 06.00 p.m. Opening of registration desk and poster mounting (Auditório da Reitoria) 05.00 p.m. Refreshment in the rose garden of the Instituto/Departamento de Antropologia

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28AUGUST

08.30 a.m. Registration. Poster mounting

09.30 a.m. Opening Session - Congress Welcome 10.15 a.m. Coffee break

10.40 a.m. Session 1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES THROUGH TIME AND SPACE Chairpersons Olivier Dutour and Sheila M. Souza

Lecture Archaeology and history of human pathogens: what do the bones tell?

(Olivier Dutour, France) Oral presentation

Tillier, A-M.; Arensburg, B. & Duday, H. The Qafzeh 11 adolescent: a case of otitis media in the Levantine Middle Paleolithic.

Souza, S. Rib periosteal reactions in skeletons from Atacama, Chile: Tuberculosis.

Zink, A.; Sola, C.; Reischl, U.; Grabner, W.; Rastogi, H.; Wolf, H. & Nerlich, A. G.

Molecular identification and characterization of M. tuberculosis complex in ancient Egyptian Mummies.

Panhuysen, R. & Hoogland, M. Treponemal disease in a pre-Columbian population from Anse a la Gourde, Guadeloupe.

Mariotti, V.; Dutour, O.; Belcastro, M. G.; Facchini, F. & Brasili, P. Bilateral acro- osteolysis of the feet in a Celtic skeleton of IV-III century B.C. (Casalecchio di Reno, Bologna, Italy). Probable case of leprosy.

Belcastro, M. G.; Mariotti, V.; Facchini, F. & Dutour, O. A probable case of leprosy in the Early Middle Ages necropolis of Vicenne-Campochiaro (Molise, Italy).

01.00 p.m. Lunch

02.15 p.m. Session 2 POPULATIONS STUDIES FROM BRONZE AGE TO MODERN ERA Chairpersons Anne-Marie Tiller and George Maat

Oral presentations

Schultz, M. & Schmidt-Schultz, T. H. Diseases during Infancy and Childhood in the Bronze Age.

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analysis of diseases during different time periods in the necropolis of Thebes-West, Upper Egypt.

Bourbou, C. Health Patterns of Proto-Byzantine Populations (6th-7th centuries AD) in South Greece: The Cases of Eleutherna (Crete) and Messene (Peloponnese).

Teegen, W-R. & Schultz, M. Paleopathological investigation of an early medieval population from Höxter (Westphalia, Germany).

Mitchell, P. The Palaeopathology of Skulls from a Medieval Cave Cemetery near Safed, Israel.

Arcini, C. Does pathological findings reflect excavation techniques, preservation or health status?

Matias, A. Health and welfare in ancient XIIIth-XVIIIth Santarém. Paleopathological case studies from Santa Maria de Alcáçova's Church.

Paja, L. & Marcsik, A. Palaeopathological examination in a medieval osteological series (Óföldeák, Hungary).

Brobeil, S. A. & Al Oumaoui, I. Health and disease in the city of Granada (Spain) during the XVIIth century.

Herrerín, J. & Garralda, M. D. Mendicant and ill. Individual n. 14 from the El Burgo de Osma cathedral Cloister’s necropolis.

05.00 p.m. Coffee break

Poster presentation

I. INFECTIOUS DISEASES THROUGH TIME AND SPACE

Zink, A.; Grabner, W. & Nerlich, A. Molecular study on human tuberculosis in contemporary tissue samples and time delineated populations from ancient Egypt. 1 Hagedorn, H.; Zink, A. & Nerlich, A. Endoscopic examinations of the paranasal

sinuses and the middle ear in ancient Egyptian mummies. 3

Polo-Cerdá, M. & García-Prósper, E. Osteoarchaeological evidences of tuberculosis in the first population of Vallentia, Spain. 6

Canci, A.; Nencioni, L.; Minozzi, S.; Catalano, P.& Fornaciari, G. Spinal tuberculosis (Pott’s disease) in a skeleton from Rome suburbia (I century AD). 9

Macedo, M. C. A Severe Case of Pyogenic Infection of the Lumbar Spine. 12 Maczel, M.; Marcsik, A.; Dutour, O.; Nerlich, A. & Zink, A. Atypical tuberculous

alterations in an ancient skeleton confirmed by paleomicrobiological results. 14 Ferreira, M. T. & Silva, A.M. A case of osteomyelitis in the hip of a medieval portuguese

male skeleton. 17

Santos, S. A.; Costa, C. & Almeida, P. Study of a probable case of poliomyelitis (Flor da Rosa). 20

Fernandes, T.; Granja, R. & Thillaud, P. Analysis of two calcified pleural plaques from a medieval Portuguese Population. 24

Santos, A. L.; Gardner, M. & Allsworth-Jones, P. A Possible Case of Treponematosis in a Taino/Arawak Skull from Jamaica. 27

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Paleoepidemiological data of skeletal tuberculosis from Hungary. 33 Codinha, S. Two cases of syphilis from the Necropolis of Carmo's Convent. 36 Kanaan, A.; Sáez, A. & Sánchez, J. Tuberculosis in historical human cadaveric bones

(remains). 39

Ferrari, L. & Micalizio, S. About some cases of tuberculosis of the Pathology Museum in Turin. 42

II. POPULATIONS STUDIES FROM BRONZE AGE TO MODERN ERA Jordana, X.; Isidro, A.; Garcia, C. & Malgosa, A. The Necropolis of Sant Pere

(Terrassa - Spain): Paleopathological analysis. 46

Molnár, E. & Marcsik, A. Paleopathological evaluation of a 7-8th century Hungarian skeletal population based on state of conservation. 50

Maczel, M.; Marcsik, A. & Dutour, O. Pathological alterations in the 8th century skeletal series of Csongrád-Felgyô, Ürmös Tanya (Hungary). 53

Masnicová, S. & Benus, R. Developmental defects in skeletal remains from the Great Moravian and Early Middle Ages cemeteries at Devín (Slovakia). 56

Rijpma, F. & Maat, G. A medieval independent society of Women. About 120 skeletons from the "Begijnenhof" Cemetry Breda, The Netherlands. 59

Miquel-Feucht, M. & Villalaín-Blanco, J. Disease and death in the old population of Segorbe (Spain) (XV-XVIII centuries). 62

Santos, A. L.; Allsworth-Jones, P. & Rodriques, E. Human remains in the Lee Collection (Jamaica): pathological evidence. 65

III. ZOOPATHOLOGY

Fragoso, A. B.; Souza, S. & Oliveira, L. The use of paleopathology techniques on the study of skeletal changes in marine Tucuxi Dolphin Sotalia fluviatilis (Cetacea, Delphinidae) of Rio de Janeiro coast, Brazil. 68

07.00 p.m. Reception at the City Hall

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08.30 a.m. Session 3 VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Chairpersons Jane Buikstra and Eugen Strouhal

Oral presentation

Buikstra, J. & Komar, D. Selective Middle Archaic Funerary Rituals from West-Central Illinois (US), New Data on Pathology and Demography.

Strouhal, E. Palaeopathology of Iufaa and persons found besides his shaft - tomb at Abusir (Egypt).

Cook, D. C. & Powell, M. L. Paget's disease at Torre de Palma?

Dias, G.; Dennison, K. J. & Premachandra, I. M. The Previously Unrecognized Posterior Deep Temporal Nerve Groove on the Cranial Base.

Buckley, H. R. Cribra orbitalia in a Pacific Island context: Variation in the expression of iron-deficiency anaemia between two Pacific Island skeletal samples.

Brothwell, D. Skeletal atrophy and the problem of the differential diagnosis of conditions causing paralysis.

10.00 a.m. Coffee break

10.15 a.m. Session 4 AUXILIARY TECHNIQUES TO HUMAN SKELETAL ANALYSIS Chairpersons Alan Cooper and Andreas Nerlich

Lecture Extracting authentic ancient DNA sequences from skeletal remains (Alan Cooper and Tom Gilbert, UK)

Papathanasiou, A. Relation of health and diet of Neolithic Greece.

Castro, M.; Ferrada, C.; Valle, L.; Benavente A. & Aspillaga, E. Chronic arsenic poisoning and hematologic disorders in prehistoric Native Americans from Northern Chile.

Berrocal, M. I.; Garcia, E.; Baxarias, J.; Campillo, D. & Subirá, M. E. Paleopathological analysis of Harris's Lines in the Late Roman Necropolis of Prat de la Riba in Tarragona (Spain).

Garcia, E.; Berrocal, M. I.; Baxarias, J.; Campillo, D. & Subirá, M. E. Paleopathology and Trace Elements in the Francolí Necropolis (Tarragona, Spain, III - V century a.C).

Smrka, V. & Svenssonová, M. Diseases of the populations from the Migration period.

Schmidt-Schultz, T. H. & Schultz, M. Ancient bones: A treasure chest of intact extracellular matrix proteins.

Maat, G. J. R.; Van Den Bos, R. P. M. & Aarents, M. J. Rapid manual preparation of ground sections for the microscopy of natural bone tissue.

IV. VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Baggieri, G. & Giacomo, M. Three cases of exostosis of the auditory canal probably due to aquatic activity. 2

Lunardini, A.; Vitiello, A.; Minozzi, S.; Caramella, D.; Catalano, P. & Fornaciari, G.

A case of ankylosing spondylitis from the roman imperial age. 4

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necropolis. 10

Umbelino, C. & Wasterlain, S. Some doubtful pathological conditions retrieved on the Portuguese Mediaeval Necropolis of Santa Maria (Sintra). 13

Miquel-Feucht, M. & Villalaín-Blanco, J. Obstetric Paleopathology: A possible case of post-childbirth complication with death result. 16

Miquel-Feucht, M & Villalaín-Blanco, J. Eagle Síndrome and Paleopathology. 19

V. AUXILIARY TECHNIQUES TO HUMAN SKELETAL ANALYSIS

Tadmouri, G.; Basak, A.; Ozbal, H.; Özbek, M.; Erdal, C.; Chataignier, Y.; Zahed, L.; Le Mort, F. & Perrin, P. Beta-thalassaemia in the prehistoric Eastern Mediterranean:

Diagnosis in ancient bones. 22

Bachmeier, B.; Rohrbach, H.; Zink, A. & Nerlich, A. Molecular analysis of the human remains of the two founders of the monastery of Tegernsee, South Germany. 25

Diegmann, J.; Joos, H. & Kreutz, K. Are they closely related - aDNA analyses on several individuals from two medieval populations (Bartringen, Luxembourg) and Arlon (Belgium). 28

Monsalve, M. V.; Stone, A.; Lewis, C.; Rempel, A.; Richards, M.; Straathof, D. & Devine, D. DNA analysis of human ancient remains found in a glacier in Canada in 1999. 31 Sassi, A. & Congiu, T. Anthropological and paleopathological investigations in the

Medicine Faculty laboratories of Varese. 34

Congiu, T.; Sangiorgi, S. & Sassi, A. S.E.M. in archaeological investigations. 37

Pérez-Pérez, A.; Maroto, J.; Fiego, J. & Turbon, D. Non-Oclusal Microwear Analyses Indicative of Dietary Habits: a Neanderthal Research Project. 40

Martínez, N.; Romero, A.; De Juan, J. & Polo-Cerdá, M. Methods of bone digestion for Trace Element Analysis in paleodietary studies. 43

Saunders, S.; Fitzgerald, C.; Bondioli, L. & Macchiarelli, R. A Test of Histological Methods of Determining the Chronology of Accentuated Striae in Deciduous Teeth. 47

Rissech, C.; Rougé-Maillart, C.; Telmon, N.; Rougé, D. & Malgosa, A. The determination of adult age at death using the acetabulum. A preliminary study. 51

01.00 p.m. Lunch

02.15 p.m. Session 5 MUMMIES ANALYSIS

Chairpersons Conrado Rodríguez-Martín and Gino Fornaciari

Lecture Paleopathological examination of preserved corpses: autopsy and radiology (Conrado Rodríguez-Martín, Spain).

Figueiredo, A.; Lago, M.; Duarte, C.; Filer, J.; Ikram, S. & Owens, L. The Lisbon mummy project.

Nerlich, A.; Rohrbach, H. & Zink, A. Identification of M. Bechterew in a series of ancient Egyptian mummies and skeletons.

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mummified sub-adults from western Manitoba.

Souza, S.; Reinhard, K. J.& Lessa, A. Skull Necrosis: Artificial Deformation?

Fornaciari, G.; Zavaglia, K.; Giusti, L.; Ciranni, R.; Marchetti, I. & Bertacca, G. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in a 16th century italian mummy.

Ciranni, R.; Giusti, L. & Fornaciari, G. Ergonomic and non-ergonomic diseases of a 18th century musician: Luigi Bocherini (1743-1805).

Ventura, L.; Leocata, P.; Beckett, R.; Conlogue, G.; Sindici, G.; Calabrese, A.; Di Giandomenico, V. & Fornaciari, G. The natural mummies of Popoli. A new site in the inner Abruzzo region (central Italy).

Gill-Robinson, H. Mummies and Tattoos: An exploration.

05.00 p.m. Coffee Break

05.15 p.m. Session 6 DENTAL STUDIES – BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL APPROACHES Chairpersons Shelley Saunders and Alejandro Pérez-Pérez

Cunha, E.; Ramirez Rozzi F.; Bermudez de Castro, J. M.; Martinon-Torres, M.; Wasterlain, S. & Sarmiento, S. Hypoplasias in fossil hominids from the Middle Pleistocene of Atapuerca.

Capasso, L.; Di Fabrizio, A. & La Verghetta, M. Paleopathology of the upper Paleolithic human fossils from Fucino lake, central Italy.

Figueiredo, A.; Duarte, C.; Pinheiro, V.; Lago, M. & Valera, A. Paleopathological profiles of the human population buried at Perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz).

Szikossy, I. & Bernert, Z. Paleostomatological database of the Conquering Period Hungarians.

VI. MUMMIES ANALYSIS

Souza, S.; Gonçalves, M.; Rick, F.; Reinhard, K.; Ferreira, L.; Nascimento, F. & Araújo, A.

Louse Infection in Shrunken Heads. 44

Sánchez, J. A.; Perea, B.; Rio, P. del & Prieto, J. L. Study of a historical famous person in Spain. D. Juán Hurado de Mendoza y Luján. (Marqués de Santillana). 48

Ciranni, R.; Giusti, L.; Garbini, F. & Fornaciari, G. Rheumatoid Arthritis in a 16th century Italian mummy. 55

Ventura, L.; Leocata, P.; Mancinelli, D.; Miranda, G. & Ventura, T. Paleopathologic studies in the inner Abruzzo region (central Italy). 57

Pap, I.; Palfi, G.; Kristof, L.; Barta, M.; Fletcher, H.; Spigelman, M. & Donoghue, H. TB in the Mummies of Vác: Morphological Evidences of the Disease and Widespread Occurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA from 18th-19th Century Hungarian.

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the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the Epipaleolithic population from Taforalt (Morocco). 63

Bonfiglioli, B.; Mariotti, V.; Facchini, F.; Belcastro, M. & Condemi, S. Interproximal grooves in two individuals from the Epipaleolithic necropolis of Taforalt (Morocco). 66 Polo-Cerdá, M.; Romero, A.; Casabó, J. & De Juan, J. The burials of Cova dels Blaus,

Bronze age (Vall d’Uixó, Castelló, Spain): An approach to the paleodiet through dental paleopathology, occlusal wear and microwear pattern.69

Prowse, T.; Saunders, S.; Bondioli, L. & Macchiarelli, R. Patterns of Dental Health in an Imperial Roman Skeletal Sample from Isola Sacra, Italy. 70

Kocsis, G. & Marcsik, A. Supernumerary occlusal (central) cusps in osteoarchaeological material. 72

Fernandes, T. & Granja, R. Hypoplastic lines in a Portuguese medieval population (Santiago do Cacém). 73

Juan, J.; Caro, L., López, B.; Sánchez, C.; Rodríguez, H.; & Edo, M. Dental paleopathology in a Mediaeval skeletal sample: Necropolis of “El Barrejo” (León, Spain). 75

Rafigh, N.; Hardt, M. & Kreutz, K. Age estimation by tooth cementum annulation of cremated teeth - possibilities and problems. 76

VIII. NEOPLASTIC CONDITIONS

Liebe-Harkort, C. A Viking age dermoid cyst. 78

Marcsik, A.; Szathmáry, L.; Finnegan, M. Multiple myeloma and metastatic skeletal lesions in osteoarcheological samples. 80

Bennike, P. & Hengstenberg, N. Maglinant bone disease in skeletal material. How are they diagnosed? 82

Costa, C.; Santos, S.; Fernandes, T. & Almeida, P. Case report of a skull with multiple myeloma from a Portuguese medieval population (Estremoz). 83

Bruintjes, T. & Marcsik, A. Cancer in skeletons from the Antwerp cathedral, Belgium. 84 Marques, C. & Matos, V. Breast cancer and its palaeopathology. Four case studies from a

Portuguese human skeletal identified collection (Lisbon, XXth Cent.). 86

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30AUGUST

Visit to the Roman site and Museum of Conimbriga and the Buçaco National Forest

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08.45 a.m. Session 7 PRESENT AND FUTURE OF PALEOPATHOLOGY Chairpersons Donald Ortner and Luigi Capasso

Lecture Paleopathology: the next 40 years (Donald Ortner, USA) Round table Nomenclature in Paleopathology (Luigi Capasso, Italy) Oral presentation

Peral, D.; Fernández, M. R.; Navas, R.; Cáceres, M. P. & Etxeberria, F. Bibliometric study of paleopathology’s Spanish production.

10.15 a.m. Coffee break

10.30 a.m. Parallel symposia (A. Auditório da Reitoria; B. Departamento de Antropologia) A. Population studies of paleopathology in Britain (Charlotte Roberts, UK)

Knüsel, C. & Boylston, A. Little Leaguer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylar Fractures) in the Archaeological Record.

Ives, R. Metacarpal Radiogrammetry and Age-Related Cortical Bone Loss in Post- Medieval London Collections.

Jakob, T. Maxillary sinusitis in Anglo-Saxon England - a study of three populations.

Lewis, M. Endocranial lesions in non-adult skeletons: their distribution and possible aetiology.

Roberts, C. Tuberculosis in Britain: its history, palaeoepidemiology.

Redfern, R. & Brickley, M. A biocultural analysis of the health of the Iron Age population of Dorset, England.

Brickley, M. British Urban Health in the 18th and 19th Century.

B. Paleopathological analyses of the Moche “Giants” from Prehistoric Peru (Alana Cordy-Collins, USA)

Cordy-Collins, A. Archaeological Context of the Dos Cabezas Giants.

Nelson, A. & Nelson, C. Gigantism and the Individuals from Dos Cabezas, Peru.

Nelson, A.; Cordy-Collins, A.; Conlogue, G. & Beckett, R. Radiographic and Endoscopic Analyses of the Giants from Dos Cabezas, Peru.

Lombardi, G. Moche Giants: A CT-Scanning Survey.

Cordy-Collins, A. Posterior Parietal Thinning: Five Moche Giants from Prehistoric Peru Heflin, T. Rib Trauma in a Moche Giant.

Tyson, R. Toes of Atlas, a Young Moche Giant.

Geyer, P.; Larson, T. S. & Stroik, L. Palynological Investigation of the Dos Cabezas Giants.

Ryser, G. Paleoethnobotany at the site of Dos Cabezas.

01.00 p.m. Lunch

02.30 p.m. Session 8 HUMAN ACTIVITIES: OCCUPATIONAL STRESS MARKERS, JOINT DISEASE & TRAUMA

Chairpersons Philip Walker and Rimantas Jankauskas Oral presentation

Groot, M. Paleopathological evidence for draught cattle.

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Guillen, S. Cranial deformation and early synostosis in prehistoric collections in the South central Andes.

Walker, P. & Steckel, R. A Western Hemisphere Perspective on the History of Violence.

Rohrbach, H.; Zink, A.; Bachmeier, B.; Hagedorn, H.; Szeimies, U. & Nerlich, A.

Anthropological and paleopathological observations in the two founders of the monastery of Tegernsee, Southern Germany.

Jankauskas, R. DISH incidence and social status correlations in Lithuanian skeletal materials.

Baxarias, J.; Campillo, D.; Subirá, M. E.; Ginestà, J. A. & Martínez, M. J. Prevalence and location of arthrosis in an hispanian roman urban population.

Reinhard, K. & Wall, N. Identifying Equestrian Skeletal Markers.

Al Oumaoui, I.; Brobeil, S. A.; Souich, P. Markers of activity patterns in some Spanish populations.

Poster presentation

IX. HUMAN ACTIVITIES: OCCUPATIONAL STRESS MARKERS, JOINT DISEASE &

TRAUMA

Rodrigues-Carvalho, C.; Souza, S. & Salles, A. Occupational stress markers in prehistoric coastal populations from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: first results. 5

Benus, R. & Masnikóva, S. Markers of Occupational Stress in Great Moravian and Early Middle Ages Populations from Devín (Southwestern Slovakia). 8

Cardoso, F. & Lopes, C. Monastery way of life: a biocultural perspective based on osteological lesions. 11

Kreutz, K. Pathological changes of the vertebral column in the medieval population from Buggingen (Germany). 15

Silva, C.; Cardoso, F. & Tavares, T. An occupational marker of human activity. A case report from Arrentela (Portugal). 18

Cardoso, H. & Lopes, L. Skeletal markers of occupational stress in the toes: Report on a skeletal sample from Alcabideche (Cascais, Portugal). 21

Silva, A.M. A Neolithic skull lesion probably caused by an arrowhead. 23

Berner, M.; Wiltschke-Schrotta, K. & Guld, S. Intentional Defleshing in Bronze Age. 26 Richier, A.; Ardagna, Y.; Vernet, G. & Dutour, O. A case of beheading dating from the

celtic period (Ist BC, Cournon, France). 29

Wiltschke-Schrotta, K.; Berner, M. & Pany, D. A new find of an artificially deformed skull in Austria. 32

Teegen, W-R. & Henke, D. "Trephination" following sharp skull trauma in late Roman Trier/Augusta Treverorum (Germany): A CT investigation. 35

Smrka, V.; Kuelka, V. & Melkova, J. Meningioma probable reason of trephination. 38 Gjerdrum, T.; Holl, A.; Maes, K. & Walker, P. West African Trephination: Skeletal

remains from the Tora Sira Tomo settlement complex in Burkina Faso. 41

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Vasco Museum (Viseu - Portugal). 45

Polo-Cerdá, M.; Piquer, H. & García-Prósper, E. Fracture, surgical intervention or aneurysm? in a skeleton of the XV century, in the parochial cemetery of Puçol (Valencia, Spain). 49

Kjellström, A. A Sixteenth Century Warrior Grave from Uppsala, Sweden. 52 Silva, C. An individual case of multiple trauma Freixo (Portugal). 54

Neri, R. & Lancellotti, L. The analysis of the fractures of the lower limb in a skeleton of an adult carpenter of nineteenth century. 58

X. CONGENITAL DISEASES

Cunha, E.; Krever, M. & Scmitz, P. A rare case of skeletal dysplasia from Içara (Santa Catarina, Brasil) from 1000 BP. 61

Almeida, P.; Granja, R.; Santos, S. & Costa, C. Styloid process agenesis in an individual from a Portuguese medieval cemetery (Flor da Rosa). 64

XI. METABOLIC DISEASES

Ferreira, M. T. A scurvy case in a young child from Monte da Cegonha (Vidigueira - Portugal). 67

Lunardini, A.; Vitiello, A.; Minozzi, S.; Pantano, W.; Caramella, D.; Catalano, P. &

Fornaciari, G. A severe case of rickets in the roman imperial age. 71

Schamall, D.; Teschler-Nicola, M. 1; Kainberger, F.; Tangl, S.; Brandstätter, F.; Patzak, B.

& Plenk, H. Changes in Trabecular Bone Structure in Rickets and Osteomalacia - The Potential of a Medico-Historical Collection. 74

XII. FORENSIC CASES

Oliveira, R.; Silva, S.; Uchoa, D.; Mesquita, R. & Nunes, F. Fungal infiltration in the human dentine: archaeology and forensic implications. 77

Cordeiro, C.; Pinheiro, J.; Cunha, E.; Martin-Dupont, S. & Vieira, D. A case of a severe venous pathology as a bridge between forensic anthropology and anthropology of past populations. 79

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XIII. SKELETAL COLLECTIONS: CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOPATHOLOGY

Micalizio, S. & Ferrari, L. The restoration and study of the osteology collection of the Pathology Museum in Turin. 81

Judd, M. The Wendorf Skeletal Collection at the British Museum. 85

Rasteiro, A. To the museum of the Faculty of Medicine. Coimbra 1288-2002. 87

06.15 p.m. PPA Executive Committee Meeting

08.00 p.m. Social dinner and award reception at S. Marcos Palace Fados de Coimbra by Grupo de Fados Aeminium Raffle of surprise prizes

Shall we dance? by Jacques and Amélia Houart

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A ^BSTRACTS

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DOES PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS REFLECT EXCAVATION TECHNIQUES, PRESERVATION OR HEALTH STATUS?

Arcini, C.A.

National Heritage Board UV Syd, Lund, SWEDEN [email protected]

The relatively high frequency of common and uncommon pathological findings from a Medieval cemetery in Åhus, north-eastern Scania, Sweden, has raised the question whether pathological findings reflects reality or bias. The material derives from the cemetery that belonged to the Black Friars Dominican Convent, and was in use 1254-1536 AD. Men, women and children in all age groups were buried in the cemetery, which indicates that it was not only used by the Black Friars themselves, but also other individuals of the society. The material consists of 265 more or less complete skeletons. In comparison with the vast number of Medieval skeletal materials that has been subjected to osteological analysis in Scania (c. 7000 individuals), the material from Åhus stands out in many respects, both with respect to common and uncommon pathological conditions. In my talk, I will address at least two possible explanations for this fact. The high frequency of pathological conditions may reflect - a real picture, indicating that there are substantial differences with respect to health status between Medieval urban centres from different parts of Scania, - a joint contribution of both exceptional preservational conditions and an archaeological excavation emphasising the complete recovery of skeletal remains.

Keywords: Excavation techniques, Preservation, Health status, Black Friars, Medieval, Åhus

ORAL

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MARKERS OF ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN SOME SPANISH POPULATIONS

Al Oumaoui, I.

¹

; Brobeil, S.

¹

; Souich, P.

¹

1 Laboratorio de Antropología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, SPAIN [email protected]

A study was undertaken of enthesophyte presence in the human remains of several ancient Spanish populations. The frequencies of enthesophytes by side and sex were studied and the different populations were compared. These populations, from prehistoric and medieval times, engaged in intense physical activity with differences probably due to ecological and sociocultural factors.

Keywords: Enthesophytes, Muscular development, Sexual dimorphism

ORAL

(23)

STYLOID PROCESS AGENESIS IN AN INDIVIDUAL FROM A PORTUGUESE MEDIEVAL CEMETERY (FLOR DA ROSA)

Almeida, P.

¹

; Granja, R.

¹

; Santos, S.

¹

; Costa, C.

¹

1 Biological Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Évora University, PORTUGAL [email protected]

A skull from an adult male individual, exhumed from a Portuguese medieval cemetery (Flor da Rosa), presents an agenesis of the styloid processes. This condition is analysed to verify the implications of it in this individual.

Keywords: Medieval, Congenital pathology, Cranium

POSTER

(24)

MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN REMAINS OF THE TWO FOUNDERS OF THE MONASTERY OF TEGERNSEE,SOUTH GERMANY

Bachmeier, B.

¹

; Rohrbach, H.

²

; Zink, A.

²

; Nerlich, A.

²

1 Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Surgical Clinic, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München, GERMANY

2 Division of Paleopathology, Institute of Pathology, Academic Teaching Hospital, München- Bogenhausen, München, GERMANY

[email protected]

Our anthropological and paleopathological investigation of human remains of the two founders of the monastery of Tegernsee, South Germany, strongly suggested that the two skeletons recently recovered from the cloistre church are authentical. In order to verify the possible relationship between the two individuals we performed a molecular investigation on skeletal samples. Therefore, ancient DNA (aDNA) was extracted according to previous protocols and used to analyse a set of 10 short-tandem repeat loci (STRs) by multiplex PCR technique using a commercial system widely used in forensic medicine (AmpFlSTR-Profiler Plus) covering the autosomal STRs D3S13581, D3S13582, vWA, FGA, Amel, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S8181 and D13S317 and D7S820. In addition, mitochondrial aDNA (mtDNA) was investigated. Using this approach and including a whole series of controls (negative controls and parallel analysis of all potentially contaminating coworkers), we obtained for both individuals a specific sequence which could clearly be attributed to the historic persons. Up to now we could not detect any mutation in the hypervariable region of the mtDNA of both individuals. This suggests that both were brothers rather than father and son. This will additionally be clarified by further analysis of the mtDNA. Thereby, our molecular analysis provides not only circumstantial evidence that aDNA analysis of more than 1000 year old material reveals a specific and unambiguous result, but also confirms the historic legend that the monastery was founded by two brothers.

Keywords: Molecular analysis, Relationship, Molecular genetics

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(25)

THREE CASES OF EXOSTOSIS OF THE AUDITORY CANAL PROBABLY DUE TO AQUATIC ACTIVITY

Baggieri, G.

¹

; Giacomo, M. di

¹

1 Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, Sez. di Antropologia, Roma, ITALY [email protected]

Here we present three cases of exostosis of the auditory canal, all belonging to male subjects.

They come from three Italian regions, close to the sea, which were important for fishing, harbour activity and thermal baths. The first case originated in Brindisi, and was found in a Roman necropolis of fishermen, a few hundred meters from the sea. The corpse of a male deceased at the age of about forty years was found in a small tomb from 200 A.D. On the bottom surface of this tomb there were some oyster shells and some incisions representing waves. He has an exostosis, as large as a pea, in the right auditory canal. We can infer that the subject was probably a fisherman of oysters. The second case is the Athlete of Taranto, an important personage from 500 A.D., who died at the age of nearly thirty years. He has a small exostosis in the right auditory canal. He probably fished for shell-fish for nourishment, as the palaeo-nutritional analyses demonstrated, but he also swam in order to train. The third case comes from the ancient thermal baths of Ostia Antica, near Rome. He has two large exostoses in both auditory canals, which means that he probably suffered from hypacusia. We can infer that the exostoses are due to the alternation of bathing in the calidarium, the tepidarium, and the frigidarium. The three cases we studied all have the aquatic, marine and thermal ambients in common. The three exostoses, unlike the exostoses of genetic and hereditary natures, could be explained by the inflammatory stress caused by the continuous presence of water inside the auditory canals. This same condition is very common even today, particularly with those who are involved in canoeing and other various aquatic sports.

Keywords: Exostosis, Hearing, Water, Ancient

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(26)

PREVALENCE AND LOCATION OF ARTHROSIS IN AN HISPANIAN ROMAN URBAN POPULATION

Baxarias, J.

¹

; Campillo, D.

¹

; Subirá, M.

^1,2

; Ginestà, J.; Martínez, M.

1 Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya, Barcelona, SPAIN

2 Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Ciències de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, SPAIN

[email protected]

Arthrosis is a degenerative process, frequently found in paleopathology studies. It is caused by the waste and loss of articular cartilage with the subsequent articular cavity affection. Arthrosis was frequent between the romans exhumated in the necropolis of Francolí, in Tarragona (Spain), and it was present in a 76% of people over 20 years old. Both sexes were affected per equal and exists a clear relation with aging. The curious detail is the different distribution in the articular areas affected respect to the actual sites, over all when we discriminated it between both sexes. The arthrosis of rachis was the most frequent and didn't show differences between males and females. While women's arthrosis was most frequent in the temporomandibular area and the knee, in the men we found more affected the elbow and the wrist. Secondary arthrosis represented a 5% of total. Actually the hip arthrosis is more frequent in females and knee arthrosis affected both sex per equal, in our roman necropolis the knee arthrosis predominated in women, while the hip area affected both sex without difference.

Keywords: Arthrosis, Roman period, Prevalence, Tarragona

ORAL

(27)

A PROBABLE CASE OF LEPROSY IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES NECROPOLIS OF VICENNE- CAMPOCHIARO (MOLISE,ITALY)

Belcastro, M.

¹

; Mariotti, V.

¹

; Facchini, F.

¹

; Dutour, O.

²

1 Dip. di Biologia, E.S. Sezione di Antropologia, Università degli Studi, Bologna, ITALY

2 UMR 6578 CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, Service d´Anthropologie Biologique, Faculté de Médicine de Marseille, FRANCE

[email protected]

In the young-adult male skeleton (T.144) of the Early Middle Ages necropolis of Vicenne- Campochiaro (Molise, Italy) pathological traits of a chronic infection disease have been found.

In particular rhino-maxillary and palatal changes and diaphyseal remodeling of some metatarsal bones seem to be diagnostic features of leprosy. Macroscopic morphological and radiological analyses have been applied. On the basis of both anthropological and cultural elements (twelve contextual burials of horseman, horse and àvar stirrups), an Asiatic community (proto-Bulgarian people) has been recognized in the necropolis of Vicenne-Campochiaro (second half of the 7th c.). This population could have been settled in the Lombard territory between Sepino, Isernia and Bojano, awarded from the Lombard Duke of Benevento to militarily control those territories against the Byzantines.

Keywords: Leprosy, Human skeletal remains, Early Middle Ages, Italy

ORAL

(28)

MALIGNANT BONE DISEASE IN SKELETAL MATERIAL.HOW ARE THEY DIAGNOSED?

Bennike, P.

¹

; Hengstenberg, N.

¹

1 Lab. of Biological Anthropology, University of Copenhagen, DENMARK [email protected]

A medieval skeleton of a 30-40 year old woman from Denmark with multiple malignant bone changes will be discussed. The changes are located in various bones with the majority on the skull and pelvic bones. They are mainly osteolytic but some osteoblastic changes are also seen.

The changes do not fit completely with the classic pattern of any disease and the most possible differential diagnoses will therefore be discussed. We believe that they include metastatic carcinoma, multiple myeloma or leukemia.

Keywords: Malignant bone disease

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(29)

MARKERS OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS IN GREAT MORAVIAN AND EARLY MIDDLE AGES

POPULATIONS FROM DEVÍN (SOUTHWESTERN SLOVAKIA)

Benus, R.

¹

; Masnicová, S.

²

1 Department of Anthropology, Comenius University, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA

2 Department of Criminalistics and Forensic Sciences, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA [email protected]

Two skeletal samples – Early Medieval (11th – 12th century) from the locality Devín-Hrad (216 individuals) placed inside of fortification and Great Moravian (9th century) from the locality Devín-Za kostolom (110 individuals) placed outside of fortification were analyzed. The presence of osteoarthritis (OA), spondylosis, enthesopathies and stress related trauma was recorded and prevalence of diseases was calculated with focus to reconstruct physical stress.

Intersexual, interpopulation and bilateral differences were studied. Among males there were found the highest prevalences of OA in arm and hip joints in both samples. The highest OA prevalences were found in elbow and hip joints among females from the locality Devín-Hrad and in acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints among females from the locality Devín-Za kostolom. Results of spondylosis, vertebral OA and enthesopathies analysis confirmed heavy manual work involving mainly upper limbs activities in both populations.

Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Spondylosis, Enthesopathies, Devín, Paleopathology, Slovakia

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(30)

INTENTIONAL DEFLESHING IN BRONZE AGE

Berner, M.

¹

; Wiltschke-Schrotta, K.

¹

; Guld, S.

¹

1 Department of Archaeological Biology and Anthropology, Natural History Museum, Vienna, AUSTRIA

[email protected]

Three skeletons, two women and one foetus were excavated in a Middle Bronze Age (1600- 1250 B.C.) settlement pit in Reichersdorf, Lower Austria. In this irregular burial site both adults were found with the lower legs missing and the skulls fractured, possibly indication of a violent impact. Parallel striations were detected on the bone surface of the outer side of the ribs and on the long bones. These marks have been investigated macroscopically and microscopically and could be identified as cut marks. The distribution of these marks on the whole skeleton, all concentrated on insertion points of tendons or muscles, indicate that both women had been de- fleshed before they had been deposited in the settlement pit.

Keywords: Middle Bronze Age, Defleshing, Cut marks, Austria

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(31)

PALEOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HARRIS'S LINES IN THE LATE ROMAN NECROPOLIS OF

PRAT DE LA RIBA IN TARRAGONA (SPAIN)

Berrocal, M.

^1,2

; Garcia, E.

^1,2

; Baxarias, J.

²

; Campillo, D.

²

; Subirá, M.

^1,2

1 Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Ciències de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, SPAIN

2 Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya, Barcelona, SPAIN

[email protected]

Since Harris discovered transverse lines (Harris's lines) at the end of long bones of the skeleton in 1931, many studies have been carried out in order to estimate the growth age and its interpretation as a potential indicator of health conditions, as well as, other indicators like enamel hypoplasia. Most authors agree that Harris's lines are the consequence of the growth restablishment after a temporal stop of the growth due to stress episodes, like diseases or starvation, but, nowadays, the exact ethiology is still not clear. Most of the published studies are based on the study of a relative small sample. However, our study is, in this sense, a different one, because it is made up of 243 burials from a Late Roman Necropolis from the end of the third century a.C. to the second half of the fifth century a.C. This Necropolis was discovered in 1993 in a 1500 m2 area intended for the construction of a private parking garage in the Prat de la Riba Street, one of the most important streets in Tarragona downtown. The big amount of burials makes this necropolis an excellent candidate to carry out a comprehensive analysis about Harris's lines. Our study expects to make a thorough analysis of the growth age of Harris Lines starting from X-rays, taken in a front and back position from the tibiae, femurs and humerus, from the entire population. Apart from the information given by the archeological excavation, we have at our disposal other studies on this necropolis about the morphometric and odonthologic characteristics, trace and pathological elements, etc..., that will help us to achieve our point. That is to say, to associate the incidence and the growth age of Harris's lines with the stressor types. And, in this way, to understand the relations between certain food lack or certain diseases in the growth period of an individual.

Keywords: Harris's lines, Paleopathologies, Late Roman period, Tarragona

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(32)

INTERPROXIMAL GROOVES IN TWO INDIVIDUALS FROM THE EPIPALEOLITHIC NECROPOLIS OF TAFORALT (MOROCCO)

Bonfiglioli, B.

¹

; Mariotti, V.

¹

; Facchini, F.

¹

; Belcastro, M.

¹

; Condemi, S.

²

1 Dip. di Biologia, E.S. Sezione di Antropologia, Università degli Studi, Bologna, ITALY

2 Centre de Recherche Français de Jérusalem, Jérusalem, ISRAEL [email protected]

Interproximal grooves are extramasticatory alterations located at the cement/enamel junction.

These lesions are encountered among humans throughout the world and are also present in ancient human remains (Homo habilis,

Homo erectus and Neanderthals). Various etiological

factors (hygienic or individual habits, palliative measures, etc.) have been proposed to explain their onset. The examination of dental remains from the Epipaleolithic necropolis of Taforalt (Morocco, about 12-11000 BP) reveals the presence of 4 grooves in 2 young males. The morphological features of the lesions and the health conditions of the dentition have been examined and hypotheses are provided concerning etiological factors responsible for this trait.

Keywords: Interproximal grooves, Epipaleolithic, Teeth

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(33)

HEALTH PATTERNS OF PROTO-BYZANTINE POPULATIONS (6TH-7TH CENTURIES AD) IN

SOUTH GREECE:THE CASES OF ELEUTHERNA (CRETE) AND MESSENE (PELOPONNESE)

Bourbou, C.

Wiener Laboratory, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, GREECE [email protected]

Up to now, only scattered information exist about the history and bio-archaeology of Proto- Byzantine Greece, since no abundant records or major excavation projects refer to this turbulent era in question, highly marked by historical, social, economic and natural changes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of historical and environmental changes (i.e. invasions, natural disasters, such as earthquakes) on the health status and disease patterns of the once living populations at proto-Byzantine Eleutherna in Crete and Messene in Peloponnese. To test how individuals were affected by these changes, the human skeletal collections were analyzed for the presence of dental diseases, metabolic disorders, physical stress as evidenced in the frequencies of osteoarthritis, degenerative changes of the vertebral column and Schmorl‟s nodes on the vertebral bodies, infections and trauma. Furthermore, in order to delineate the role played by sanitary, social and other environmental conditions in infant mortality and survival, infant mortality is divided into neonatal (after birth-4 years) and postnatal (5-9 years old) categories.

The results of the anthropological and paleopathological studies revealed interesting aspects on health and disease. The observed pathological conditions (i.e. metabolic disorders such as scurvy, dental diseases or degenerative joint diseases) suggest the differential adaptation ability of past populations to the changing environment; while the settlement of Eleutherna finally was abandoned during the first half of the 7th century AD, that of Messene enjoyed a prosperous life until early 9th century AD.

Keywords: Proto-Byzantine, Greece, Stress, Infant mortality

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BRITISH URBAN HEALTH IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY

Brickley, M.

Department of Ancient History & Archaeology, University of Birmingham, GREAT BRITAIN [email protected]

Archaeological excavations undertaken last year in the churchyard of St. Martin's, Birmingham, central England by the Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit on behalf of CgMs Consulting, recovered 875 individuals. The majority of the individuals date to the 18th and 19th centuries, a period during which Birmingham was undergoing rapid expansion and growth, as it became one of the leading industrial centres of Britain. Over half of the individuals excavated were 75% + complete and in the majority of cases the bone surface was well preserved (defined as not weathered or Stage 1 [Behrensmeyer, 1978]). Approximately 30% of individuals are sub- adult and these are also very well preserved. The large sample of well preserved adults and sub- adults provides an ideal opportunity to look at the health of individuals living in an urban, industrialised setting, in which levels of air pollution are known to have been extremely high.

Conditions relating to poor urban living conditions such as vitamin D deficiency will be examined. Work is still in its initial stages, but analysis to date demonstrates that many of the osteological features of vitamin D deficiency diseases observable through visual and radiological examination are presented in an extreme form. This study provides an ideal opportunity to observe and document conditions relating to the health of urban communities.

Reference:

Behrensmeyer, A. K. (1978). Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering. Paleobiology, 4: 150-162.

Keywords: 18th and 19th century, Urban, Vitamin D deficiency

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(35)

HEALTH AND DISEASE IN THE CITY OF GRANADA (SPAIN) DURING THE XVIITH CENTURY

Brobeil, S.

¹

; Al Oumaoui, I.

¹

1 Laboratorio de Antropología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, SPAIN [email protected]

We present the demographical evolution of the population of Granada during the XVIIth centuy. Our analysis is based on parish records and uses several methods. We focus on epidemics, especially two plague epidemics, mortality crises, the recovery from these and the resulting demographic increases.

Keywords: Epidemics, Historical demography, Mortality crises

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(36)

SKELETAL ATROPHY AND THE PROBLEM OF THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CONDITIONS CAUSING PARALYSIS

Brothwell, D.

Department of Archaeology Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies, York, UK

 +44 1904 433901

+44 1904 433902

There are now quite a number of cases of skeletal atrophy, ranging from widespread to very limited extent in the body. The cases are from different populations and time periods. Usually, the pathology is considered to be the result of early trauma or a long term sequel to the poliomyelitis virus. In fact there are various alternative diagnosis to this infection, and these will be discussed in relation to some of the archaeological cases, and especially a recent find from southern England. In particular it seems important when considering such pathology to take account of all possible explanations, traumatic, infectious and genetics

Keywords: Skeletons, Paralysis, Atrophy, Polimyelitis, Differential diagnosis, Muscular

dystrophy

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CANCER IN SKELETONS FROM THE ANTWERP CATHEDRAL,BELGIUM

Bruintjes, T.

¹

; Marcsik, A.

²

1 Barge's Anthropologica, Leiden, THE NETHERLANDS

2 Department of Anthropology, University of Szeged, HUNGARY [email protected]

The examination of 854 skeletons from the Antwerp Cathedral, Belgium (dating from the 15th to 18th century) by the late Paul Janssens and A. Marcsik showed four cases of malignant neoplasma. In three cases the pathology was compatible with secondary (metastatic) carcinoma.

This concerned a 40 year old female with multiple osteolytic lesions in the cranial vault, a 55-60 year old female with mixed osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions in a lumbar vertebra, the left scapula and both pelvic bones, and one individual of unknown age and sex with a large osteolytic lesion in the cranial vault. The fourth case was a 30-40 year old male with a probable primary carcinoma of the sinonasal region. The observed number of tumours in this population lies within the range of expected (Waldron, 1996).

Reference:

Waldron, T. (1996). What was the Prevalence of Malignancy Disease in the Past? Int J Osteoarchaeol., 6:

463-470.

Keywords: Carcinoma, Neoplasma

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(38)

CRIBRA ORBITALIA IN A PACIFIC ISLAND CONTEXT: VARIATION IN THE EXPRESSION OF IRON-DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA BETWEEN TWO PACIFIC ISLAND SKELETAL SAMPLES

Buckley, H.

University of Otago, Dunedin, NEW ZEALAND [email protected]

Skeletal samples from two Pacific Island were assessed for pathological lesions. One of these samples was from Taumako Island in the southeast Solomon Islands, Melanesia. The other sample was from Tongatapu in the Kingdom of Tonga, Polynesia. One of the aims of this research was to investigate whether ecological differences between the two island groups affected the prevalence of cribra orbitalia. All available cranial material was examined for evidence of diploic expansion using the methods of Stuart-Macadam (1985). Lesions of the orbits were graded from 1-3 for severity according to Stuart-Macadam (1985) and evidence of hyperplasia of the bones were recorded according to Ortner and Putschar (1981). Taumako: All age groups were affected in this sample. Overall 36% (n=64/178) of the sample from Taumako had evidence of cribra orbitalia and/or porotic hyperostosis. The highest prevalence of lesions was observed in subadults between 6 and 15.9 years old. The subadults had more grade 3 orbital lesions while the adults had higher proportions of grade 1 lesions. Tonga: Overall, 19%

(n=12/62) of the sample was affected. No individuals under 0.9 years of age had lesions and the highest proportion affected were subadults between 1 and 5.9 years old. No grade 3 lesions were observed in the Tongan sample. Overall the proportion of affected individuals was higher in the Taumako sample than the Tongan sample. The observed differences in the expression of iron- deficiency anaemia between these two groups are discussed within the context of the Pacific Island diet and disease environment.

Keywords: Cribra orbitalia, Pacific Islands, Regional differences

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(39)

SELECTIVE MIDDLE ARCHAIC FUNERARY RITUALS FROM WEST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS (US), NEW DATA ON PATHOLOGY AND DEMOGRAPHY

Buikstra, J.

¹

; Komar, D.

¹

1 Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA [email protected]

In this paper, we review newly developed data on pathology and demography for the Middle Archaic 3 or Helton Phase Component (~5800-4900 BP) of the Koster site, Greene County, Illinois. Previous research had indicated that during the Helton Phase, cemetery samples were segregated by age and by health status as reflected in deforming skeletal pathology. Our expanded sample reflects the same pattern, including an adult female whose pelvic cavity contained a hard, calcified spherical object whose largest diameter is approximately 2.1 cm.

Gross and radiographic examination indicates that the object is hollow, with two laminar layers approximately 1 mm. thick. Radiographic analysis also revealed a network of blood vessels with a defined origin and extending across most of the shell. We focus upon a differential diagnosis for this object, considering the following alternatives: calcified ovary, calcified ovarian fibroma, calcified simple ovarian cyst, psammoma body, calcified omental nodule, urinary calculus, dermoid cyst, calcified renal cyst, mesenteric cyst or carcinoid tumor, lipleimyoma or leiomyoma, neoplasm, calacified abscess, fecalith or appendicolity, calcified lymph node, and lithopedion. Recognizing the difficulty of distinguishing between these alternatives in the absence of soft tissue, we eliminate all except the following: lithopedium, calcified ovary, calcified simple ovarian cyst, and calcified lymph node. Of these, an eggshell pattern calcified lymph node or a calcified ovary appears the most likely affliction.

Keywords: Lithopedium, Calcified ovary, Calcified simple ovarian cyst, Calcified lymph node,

North American Archaic, Funerary ritual

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(40)

SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS (POTT’S DISEASE) IN A SKELETON FROM ROME SUBURBIA (I

CENTURY AD)

Canci, A.

¹

; Nencioni, L.

²

; Minozzi, S.

¹

; Catalano, P.

²

; Fornaciari, G.

³

1 Dep. of Ethology, Ecology and Evolution, Unit of Anthropology, Univ. of Pisa, ITALY

2 Archaeological Superintendence of Rome, ITALY

3 Dep. of Oncology, Section of Palaeopathology, University of Pisa, ITALY [email protected]

This poster reports a case of spinal disease in an adult male coming from a tomb dated to I century AD (Imperial Age), excavated along the ancient route of the Via Nomentana. The skeleton, complete and sufficiently well preserved, belongs to a 25-35 years old individual. The lower thoracic tract from T6 to T12 shows several lesions: a large circular erosion of the T10 body, huge scalloping of anterior surface of T6 and T9 vertebral bodies, posterior erosion and fusion of T6 and T8 bodies, with subsequent disappearance of the intervertebral spaces. Wedge- shaped aspect of the bodies of T11 and T12 is also present. The smooth-walled osseus contours of the lesions and the lack of vertebral collapse indicate healing of the subject with slight kyphosis. The others bones don't show others pathological signs with the exception of a healed fracture of the proximal end of the left tibia. Differential diagnosis with the scalloped aspect of the lesions of the bodies, preservation of the vertebral arches and lack of massive bone regeneration clearly reveal a case of spinal tuberculosis (Pott's disease).

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Pott's disease, Roman, Italy

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(41)

PALEOPATHOLOGY OF THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC HUMAN FOSSILS FROM FUCINO LAKE,

CENTRAL ITALY

Capasso, L.

¹

; Di Fabrizio, A.

¹

; La Verghetta, M.

¹

1 Museo di Storia delle Scienze Biomediche, Università “D'Annunzio”, Campus Universitario

"Madonna delle Piane", Chieti, ITALIA [email protected]

The author presents the results of paleopathological study carried out on the bone remains of 5 individuals buried in the Caves around the Fucino‟s caves, and dating with radiocarbon at about 12,000 years before present. The anthropological study provided the sex and age of each individual (3 males, 1 female, and 1 juvenile), and sheds light on the morphologic characters that relate these materials to Cro-magnon human type. The analysis of the non-human bone remains shed light on nutritional supply of this upper Paleolithic community, demonstrating that the fishing was one the major activity of the group. On the paleopathologic point of view, Author shows the very high frequence of teeth diseases, specially the very important dental abrasion, with osteolysis of upper and lower jaws. Also interproximal grooves are well evident in three subjects, demonstrating the very hard activities requested to the teeth. Other pathologies are demonstrated, as cranial variations, diploic granuloma and palatine torus. Finally, taphonomic study provides the post-mortem lesions due both to animal activities and to geological events.

Keywords: Upper Paleolithic, Fucino lake, Dental abrasion

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(42)

MONASTERY WAY OF LIFE: A BIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE BASED ON OSTEOLOGICAL LESIONS

Cardoso, F.

¹

; Lopes, C.

¹

1 BioAnthropos Lda., Instituto Pedro Nunes, Coimbra, PORTUGAL [email protected]

The purpose of the present paper is to present, and discuss, several pathological lesions found in a male individual exhumed in the Alcobaça Monastery (Portugal). The left femur displays a probable traumatic lesion, fully remodelled. This one can explain the severe osteoarthritis lesions recorded in several articular surfaces. Vertebrae, distal arms, hands and hips are the bones affected; most of them exhibit eburnation facets. These pathological osteoarthritic lesions are most probably related with daily activities, and a consequence of the severe trauma suffered by the individual, which certainly disabled him of an ordinary life.

Keywords: Alcobaça, Trauma, Osteoarthritis

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(43)

SKELETAL MARKERS OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS IN THE TOES: REPORT ON A SKELETAL SAMPLE FROM ALCABIDECHE (CASCAIS,PORTUGAL)

Cardoso, H.

¹

; Lopes, L.

¹

1 Museu Nacional de História Natural, Área de Zoologia e Antropologia (Museu Bocage), Lisboa, PORTUGAL

[email protected]

Occupational stress markers on the human skeleton play an important role in the analysis and interpretation of activity patterns and socio-economic life in past populations. In this paper, bony changes on the phalanges of the feet are described in a skeletal sample from Alcabideche (Cascais, Portugal). These changes refer to well-developed flexor ridges on the proximal phalanges of the lateral four toes. The morphology and location of these alterations indicates strong flexor tendons and suggests that they were probably produced by stress brought about by frequent or repeated dorxiflexion of the metatarso-phalangeal joints. The question of what regular or habitual activity might have produced these alterations is discussed according to known historical documents that report the way of life of this population and local traditional occupations that have persisted through time.

Keywords: Occupational stress markers, Foot, Alcabideche

POSTER