Termos fundamentais em inglês jurídico: legal
O leitor indaga sobre quais seriam os termos básicos para o início do estudo em inglês juríd
ico .
A partir de hoje
, abordaremos alguns
deles a começar pelotermo legal que, a princípio , parece seruma palavra meramente cognata .
Apesar de legal, em português, ser, de fato, uma das acepções de legal, em inglês, não é a quela
a apresentar maior número de ocorrências , ou
seja, a mais
comum .
A partir do exame de exemplos autênticos em linguagem natural em inglês1, nos quais o ter molegal
aparece em diversos sintagmas nominais , será possível observar quehá trêsprincipais traduções paralegal. A primeira e a mais comum éjurídico . A segunda , é
legal. E, no terceiro caso, vermos quepreservar o termo natradução parao português
implica um texto pouco idiomático , portanto , sugerimos queseja omitido e preservada suacolocação , i.e., a palavra
quecom legal forma o sintagma
.
Entretanto, as possibilidades de tradução não se limitam a esses três casos, portanto, a par tirdo
número 3 abaixo
, apresentamos algumas outras que,
certamente , também nãoesgotam o tema , mas aquificam
registradas parajustificar a escolha do termo comoum dos maiselementares no estudo do inglês jurídico . legal 1. legal
• definição legal – "[…] the judiciary or legislature adopts "the union of any two persons" as the legal definition of civil marriage."
• diploma legal, lei – "[…] significant changes have occurred without adequate preparation in most Latin American nations, where the legal instruments regulating water sectors have not been modified for decades."
• exigência legal – "[…] programs and projects only allow it when they need to comply with a legal requirement or when they have to implement the recommendations of international agencies."
2. jurídico
• assessor jurídico – "A senior legal adviser to the foreign secretary, Jack Straw, has quit the Foreign Office because […]"
• norma jurídica – "Do moral norms operate in the sphere of the law? Does morality determine legal rules and practices?"
• princípio jurídico – "[…] management is usually fragmented and it is often subject to vague, arcane and/or contradictory legal principles […]"
• sistema jurídico – "In so doing, the American legal system has put its highest moral imprimatur on a loathsome procedure […]"
• teoria jurídica – "Nothing in Aquinas's legal theory or in the thought of modern natural law theorists, such as myself, […]"
• terminologia jurídica – "[…] Israelis and Jordanians invented legal terminology to suit particularly local requirements in their 1994 peace treat […]"
3. ___ (o termo legal é omitido na tradução para evitar casos de pleonasmo ou de pouca i diomaticidade
em português )
• direito – "At Runneymede, England, on June 15, 1215, King John of England
signed the Magna Carta in which he conceded a
number of legal rights to his barons and to the people."
• contrato – "On 1 January 2004, the Tucumn Water Authority, in a legal
agreement with the Tucumn water
employees union, was designated a state corporation […]"
• doutrina – "And to be fair, debates in the legal literature may filter into the public's conscience in such a way as to have […]"
• jurista – "[…] the key players in the constitutional debates surrounding marriage (lawyers, judges, and legal scholars) had little specialized knowledge about marriage[…]"
4. lícito
• "[…]Rodham Clinton, for example, still claim they want abortion to be safe, legal, and rare […]"
5. de advogado, advocatício
• honorários de advogado, honorários advocatícios – "Although legal costs are a regular expense of ours, the level of legal costs facing us as a result of the Actions is much larger than […]"
6. do direito
• estudioso do direito • ver 3.c
• "Kent, author of Kent's Commentaries, and one of the most influential American legal minds of all time, had a personal story that illustrates how foreign this impulse […]"
• filósofo do direito – "Natural Law and Natural Rights, that revived interest in natural law among analytic legal philosophers in our time."
• fonte do direito – "[…] on distinctive techniques of legal analysis, such as how to identify and understand legal sources and how to work with statutes, precedents, […]"
• história do direito – "In Anglo-American legal history, it happened when the state took over the role of the church […]"
• sujeito de direito – "[…] function as consumers and sellers, and act in various ways as citizens, as legal subjects, and as participants in a global economy."
• profissional do direito
• "The annual report is widely read throughout the legal profession."
• "It allows a legal practitioner to act for both parties to a real property transaction."
1Todos os exemplos foram retirados do Corpus of Contemporary American English: disponív
el em
http://www.americancorpus.org/
