❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞❡ ❋❡❞❡r❛❧ ❞♦ ❈❡❛rá ❉❡♣❛rt❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦
▼❡str❛❞♦ ❡ ❉♦✉t♦r❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❈✐ê♥❝✐❛s ❞❛ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦
❯♠ ❆r❝❛❜♦✉ç♦ ♣❛r❛ ❛ ❈♦♥str✉çã♦ ❞❡
❆♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❇❛s❡❛❞❛s ❡♠ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s
s♦❜r❡ ✉♠❛ P❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛ ❞❡ ◆✉✈❡♠
❈♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛❧ ♣❛r❛ ❙❡r✈✐ç♦s ❞❡
❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦
❏❡✛❡rs♦♥ ❞❡ ❈❛r✈❛❧❤♦ ❙✐❧✈❛
❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞❡ ❋❡❞❡r❛❧ ❞♦ ❈❡❛rá ❉❡♣❛rt❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦
▼❡str❛❞♦ ❡ ❉♦✉t♦r❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❈✐ê♥❝✐❛s ❞❛ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦
❯♠ ❆r❝❛❜♦✉ç♦ ♣❛r❛ ❛ ❈♦♥str✉çã♦ ❞❡
❆♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❇❛s❡❛❞❛s ❡♠ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s
s♦❜r❡ ✉♠❛ P❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛ ❞❡ ◆✉✈❡♠
❈♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛❧ ♣❛r❛ ❙❡r✈✐ç♦s ❞❡
❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦
❆✉t♦r
❏❡✛❡rs♦♥ ❞❡ ❈❛r✈❛❧❤♦ ❙✐❧✈❛
❖r✐❡♥t❛❞♦r
Pr♦❢✳ ❉r✳ ❋r❛♥❝✐s❝♦ ❍❡r♦♥ ❞❡ ❈❛r✈❛❧❤♦ ❏✉♥✐♦r
❚❡s❡ ❛♣r❡s❡♥t❛❞❛ à ❈♦♦r❞❡♥❛çã♦ ❞♦ Pr♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡ ▼❡str❛❞♦ ❡ ❉♦✉t♦r❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❈✐ê♥❝✐❛s ❞❛ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞❡ ❋❡❞❡r❛❧ ❞♦ ❈❡❛rá ❝♦♠♦ ♣❛rt❡ ❞♦s r❡q✉✐s✐t♦s ♣❛r❛ ♦❜t❡♥çã♦ ❞♦ ❣r❛✉ ❞❡ ❉♦✉t♦r ❡♠ ❈✐ê♥❝✐❛ ❞❛ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦✳
Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação Universidade Federal do Ceará
Biblioteca de Ciências e Tecnologia
S578a Silva, Jefferson de Carvalho.
Um arcabouço para a construção de aplicações baseadas em componentes sobre uma
plataforma de nuvem computacional para serviços de computação de alto desempenho / Jefferson de Carvalho Silva. – 2016.
187 f. : il.; color.
Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Computação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Fortaleza, 2016.
Área de Concentração: Ciência da Computação.
Orientação: Prof. Dr. Francisco Heron de Carvalho Junior.
1. Fluxo de trabalho. 2. Framework (Arquivo de computador). 3.Computação de alto desempenho. I. Título.
❘❡s✉♠♦
❉❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈❡r ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❞❡ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ✭❈❆❉✮✱ q✉❡ ❛❝❡ss❡♠ ♦s r❡❝✉rs♦s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s ❞✐s♣♦♥í✈❡✐s ❞❡ ❢♦r♠❛ ♦t✐♠✐③❛❞❛ ❡ ❡♠ ✉♠ ♥í✈❡❧ ♠❛✐♦r ❞❡ ❛❜str❛çã♦✱ é ✉♠ ❞❡s❛✜♦ ♣❛r❛ ❝✐❡♥t✐st❛s ❞❡ ❞✐✈❡rs♦s ❞♦♠í♥✐♦s✳ ❊st❛ ❚❡s❡ ❛♣r❡s❡♥t❛ ❛ ♣r♦♣♦st❛ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ♥✉✈❡♠ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❝❤❛♠❛❞❛ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢✱ ♣❛♥♦ ❞❡ ❢✉♥❞♦ ♦♥❞❡ ❛s ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❈❆❉ ❡①❡❝✉t❛♠✱ ❡ ♦ ❛r❝❛❜♦✉ç♦ ❙❆❋❡✱ ❋r♦♥t✲❊♥❞ ♣❛r❛ ❝r✐❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ♥❛ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢ ❡ ❝♦♥tr✐❜✉✐çã♦ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛❧ ❞♦ ❛✉t♦r✳
❖ ❙❆❋❡ t♦♠❛ ❝♦♠♦ ❜❛s❡ ♦ ♣r♦❥❡t♦ ❞❡ s✐st❡♠❛s ❣❡r❡♥❝✐❛❞♦r❡s ❞❡ ✇♦r❦✢♦✇s ❝✐❡♥tí✜❝♦s ✭❙●❲❈✮✱ ♣❡r♠✐t✐♥❞♦ ❛ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛çã♦ ❞❡ s♦❧✉çõ❡s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s ❜❛s❡❛❞❛s ❡♠ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ♣❛r❛ r❡s♦❧✈❡r ♦s ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛s ❡s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛❞♦s ♣♦r ♠❡✐♦ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡ ❞❡ ♥í✈❡❧ ❞❡ ❛❜str❛çã♦ ♠❛✐s ❛❧t♦✳ P❛r❛ ✐ss♦✱ ❢♦✐ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐❞♦ ♦ ❙❆❋❡❙❲▲✱ ✉♠❛ ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠ ❞❡ ❞❡s❝r✐çã♦ ❛rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛❧ ❡ ♦rq✉❡str❛çã♦ ❞❡ ✇♦r✢♦✇s ❝✐❡♥tí✜❝♦s✳
❈♦♠♣❛r❛❞♦ ❝♦♠ ♦✉tr♦s ❙●❲❈✱ ❛❧é♠ ❞❡ ❧✐✈r❛r ✉s✉ár✐♦s ✜♥❛✐s ❞❡ ♣r❡♦❝✉♣❛çõ❡s ❡♠ r❡❧❛çã♦ à ❝♦♥str✉çã♦ ❞❡ s♦❧✉çõ❡s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s ♣❛r❛❧❡❧❛s ❡ ❡✜❝✐❡♥t❡s ❛ ♣❛rt✐r ❞♦s ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ♦❢❡r❡❝✐❞♦s ♣❡❧❛ ♥✉✈❡♠✱ ♦ ❙❆❋❡ ❢❛③ ✉s♦ ❞❡ ✉♠ s✐st❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❝♦♥tr❛t♦s ❝♦♥t❡①t✉❛✐s ✐♥t❡❣r❛❞♦ ❛ ✉♠ s✐st❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❞❡s❝♦❜❡rt❛ ✭r❡s♦❧✉çã♦✮ ❞✐♥â♠✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s✳ ❆ ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠ ❙❆❋❡❙❲▲ ♣❡r♠✐t❡ ♦ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❡ ❡①♣❧í❝✐t♦ ❞❛s ❡t❛♣❛s ❞♦ ❝✐❝❧♦ ❞❡ ✈✐❞❛ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ ❡♠ ❡①❡❝✉çã♦ ✭r❡s♦❧✉çã♦✱ ✐♠♣❧❛♥t❛çã♦✱ ✐♥st❛♥❝✐❛çã♦ ❡ ❡①❡❝✉çã♦✮✱ ❛tr❛✈és ❞❡ ♦♣❡r❛❞♦r❡s ❡♠❜✉t✐❞♦s✱ ❛ ✜♠ ❞❡ ♦t✐♠✐③❛r ♦ ✉s♦ ❞♦s r❡❝✉rs♦s ❞❛ ♥✉✈❡♠ ❡ ♠✐♥✐♠✐③❛r ♦s ❝✉st♦s ❞❡ s✉❛ ✉t✐❧✐③❛çã♦✳
❆❜str❛❝t
❉❡✈❡❧♦♣✐♥❣ ❍✐❣❤ P❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ❈♦♠♣✉t✐♥❣ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ✭❍P❈✮✱ ✇❤✐❝❤ ♦♣t✐♠❛❧❧② ❛❝❝❡ss t❤❡ ❛✈❛✐❧❛❜❧❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t✐♥❣ r❡s♦✉r❝❡s ✐♥ ❛ ❤✐❣❤❡r ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❛❜str❛❝t✐♦♥✱ ✐s ❛ ❝❤❛❧❧❡♥❣❡ ❢♦r ♠❛♥② s❝✐❡♥t✐sts✳ ❚♦ ❛❞❞r❡ss t❤✐s ♣r♦❜❧❡♠✱ ✇❡ ♣r❡s❡♥t ❛ ♣r♦♣♦s❛❧ ♦❢ ❛ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ❝♦♠♣✉t✐♥❣ ❝❧♦✉❞ ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢✱ ✇❤❡r❡ ❍P❈ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ♣❡r❢♦r♠ ❛♥❞ ❙❆❋❡ ❢r❛♠❡✇♦r❦✱ ❛ ❢r♦♥t✲❡♥❞ ❛✐♠❡❞ t♦ ❝r❡❛t❡ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ✐♥ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ❛✉t❤♦r✬s ♠❛✐♥ ❝♦♥tr✐❜✉t✐♦♥✳
❙❆❋❡ ✐s ❜❛s❡❞ ♦♥ ❙❝✐❡♥t✐✜❝ ❲♦r❦✢♦✇s ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❙②st❡♠s ✭❙❲▼❙✮ ♣r♦❥❡❝ts ❛♥❞ ✐t ❛❧❧♦✇s t❤❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛t✐♦♥❛❧ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ❢♦r♠❡❞ ❜② ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts t♦ s♦❧✈❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s s♣❡❝✐✜❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❡①♣❡rt ✉s❡r t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❛ ❤✐❣❤ ❧❡✈❡❧ ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡✳ ❋♦r t❤❛t ♣✉r♣♦s❡✱ ✐t ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥ts ❙❆❋❡❙❲▲✱ ❛♥ ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❛❧ ❛♥❞ ♦r❝❤❡str❛t✐♦♥ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❢♦r ❞❡s❝r✐❜✐♥❣ s❝✐❡♥t✐✜❝ ✇♦r✢♦✇s✳
❈♦♠♣❛r❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♦t❤❡r ❙❲▼❙ ❛❧t❡r♥❛t✐✈❡s✱ ❜❡s✐❞❡s r✐❞ ❡①♣❡rt ✉s❡rs ❢r♦♠ ❝♦♥❝❡r♥s ❛❜♦✉t t❤❡ ❝♦♥str✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❡✣❝✐❡♥t ❝♦♠♣✉t❛t✐♦♥❛❧ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts ♦✛❡r❡❞ ❜② t❤❡ ❝❧♦✉❞✱ ❙❆❋❡ ✐♥t❡❣r❛t❡s ✐ts❡❧❢ t♦ ❛ s②st❡♠ ♦❢ ❝♦♥t❡①t✉❛❧ ❝♦♥tr❛❝ts ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐s ❛❧✐❣♥❡❞ t♦ ❛ s②st❡♠ ♦❢ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❞✐s❝♦✈❡r② ✭r❡s♦❧✉t✐♦♥✮ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts✳ ■♥ ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥✱ ❙❆❋❡❙❲▲ ❛❧❧♦✇s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ♦❢ ❧✐❢❡ ❝②❝❧❡ st❛❣❡s ✭r❡s♦❧✉t✐♦♥✱ ❞❡♣❧♦②♠❡♥t✱ ✐♥st❛♥t✐❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♦♥✮ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥ts t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❡♠❜❡❞❞❡❞ ♦♣❡r❛t♦rs✱ ❛✐♠❡❞ ❛t ♦♣t✐♠✐③✐♥❣ t❤❡ ✉s❡ ♦❢ ❝❧♦✉❞ r❡s♦✉r❝❡s ❛♥❞ ♠✐♥✐♠✐③❡ t❤❡ ♦✈❡r❛❧❧ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♦♥ ❝♦st ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛t✐♦♥❛❧ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥s ✭✇♦r❦✢♦✇s✮✳
❆❣r❛❞❡❝✐♠❡♥t♦s
❊♠ ♣r✐♠❡✐r♦ ❧✉❣❛r ❣♦st❛r✐❛ ❞❡ ❛❣r❛❞❡❝❡r ❛♦ ♠❡✉ ♦r✐❡♥t❛❞♦r✱ ❋r❛♥❝✐s❝♦ ❍❡r♦♥ ❞❡ ❈❛r✈❛❧❤♦ ❏✉♥✐♦r✱ ♣♦r ♠❡ ❣✉✐❛r ♥❛ ár❡❛ ❛❝❛❞ê♠✐❝❛ ❞❡s❞❡ ♦ ♠❡str❛❞♦✱ ♣♦r s✉❛ ❞❡❞✐❝❛çã♦ ♥❛ ♦r✐❡♥t❛çã♦ ❞❡st❛ ❚❡s❡ ❡ ♣♦r s❡r ✉♠ ❡①❡♠♣❧♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦❢❡ss♦r✱ ♣❡sq✉✐s❛❞♦r ❡ ♣❡ss♦❛ ♣❛r❛ ♠✐♠✳
❆❣r❛❞❡ç♦ t❛♠❜é♠ ❛ ❜❛♥❝❛ ❡①❛♠✐♥❛❞♦r❛ ♣♦r ❛❝❡✐t❛r ♦ ❝♦♥✈✐t❡ ❞❡st❛ ❞❡❢❡s❛ ❡ ♣♦r t♦❞❛s ❛s ✈❛❧✐♦s❛s ❝♦♥tr✐❜✉✐çõ❡s ❢❡✐t❛s ❞✉r❛♥t❡ ♦ ❞♦✉t♦r❛❞♦✳
❆♦s ❛♠✐❣♦s ❞♦ ❣r✉♣♦ ❞❡ ♣❡sq✉✐s❛ P❛r●❖✴❈❆❉✱ ♣❡❧❛s ❞✐s❝✉ssõ❡s ❡ ❛♣♦✐♦ q✉❡ ❝❡rt❛♠❡♥t❡ ❢♦r❛♠ ✐♠♣r❡s❝✐♥❞í✈❡✐s ♣❛r❛ ❛ r❡❛❧✐③❛çã♦ ❞❡st❡ tr❛❜❛❧❤♦✳
❆♦ ❛♣♦✐♦ ❡ ❛♠✐③❛❞❡ ❞♦s ❝♦❧❡❣❛s ❡ ♣r♦✜ss✐♦♥❛✐s ❞♦ ❈❛♠♣✉s ❞❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞❡ ❋❡❞❡r❛❧ ❞♦ ❈❡❛rá ❡♠ ◗✉✐①❛❞á ❡ ❞♦ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡ ▼❡str❛❞♦ ❡ ❉♦✉t♦r❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❈✐ê♥❝✐❛ ❞❛ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ✲ ▼❉❈❈✳
❙✉♠ár✐♦
▲✐st❛ ❞❡ ❋✐❣✉r❛s ✐①
✶ ■♥tr♦❞✉çã♦ ✶
✶✳✶ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❇❛s❡❛❞❛ ❡♠ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ✭❈❇❍P❈✮ ✸ ✶✳✷ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❡♠ ◆✉✈❡♥s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼ ✶✳✸ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢✱ ❯♠❛ ◆✉✈❡♠ ❞❡ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ♣❛r❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❞❡
❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵ ✶✳✸✳✶ ❲♦r❦✢♦✇s ❈✐❡♥tí✜❝♦s✿ ❇❛s❡ ♣❛r❛ ❛s ❆♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ♥❛ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢ ✳ ✶✷ ✶✳✹ ❈♦♥tr✐❜✉✐çã♦ à ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢✿ ❙❤❡❧❢ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❋r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸ ✶✳✺ ❘❡✈✐s✐t❛♥❞♦ ♦s ❖❜❥❡t✐✈♦s ❞❛ Pr♦♣♦st❛ ❞❡ ❚❡s❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹ ✶✳✻ ❈♦♥tr✐❜✉✐çõ❡s ❡ ❘❡s✉❧t❛❞♦s ❞❡st❛ ❚❡s❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✺ ✶✳✼ ❊str✉t✉r❛ ❞♦ ❉♦❝✉♠❡♥t♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✽
✷ ❆ ◆✉✈❡♠ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢ ✷✵
✷✳✶ ❖ ▼♦❞❡❧♦ ❞❡ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❍❛s❤✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✷ ✷✳✷ ❊s♣é❝✐❡s ❞❡ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❞❛ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✻ ✷✳✷✳✶ P♦rt❛s ❞❡ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❞❛ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✼ ✷✳✷✳✷ ❋♦♥t❡s ❞❡ ❉❛❞♦s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✾ ✷✳✸ ❆t♦r❡s ❊♥✈♦❧✈✐❞♦s ♥❛ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✵ ✷✳✸✳✶ ❯s✉ár✐♦s ❊s♣❡❝✐❛❧✐st❛s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✵ ✷✳✸✳✷ Pr♦✈❡❞♦r ❞❡ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✶ ✷✳✸✳✸ ❉❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈❡❞♦r ❞❡ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✶ ✷✳✸✳✹ ▼❛♥t❡♥❡❞♦r ❞❡ P❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✷ ✷✳✹ ❘❡❧❛❝✐♦♥❛♠❡♥t♦ ❡♥tr❡ ❆t♦r❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✸ ✷✳✺ ❱✐sã♦ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛❧ ❞❛ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✸ ✷✳✺✳✶ ❖ ❋r♦♥t✲❊♥❞ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✸ ✷✳✺✳✷ ❖ ❈♦r❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✺ ✷✳✺✳✸ ❖ ❇❛❝❦✲❊♥❞ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✺ ✷✳✺✳✹ ❱✐sã♦ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛❧ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✻ ✷✳✻ ❈♦♥tr❛t♦s ❈♦♥t❡①t✉❛✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✽ ✷✳✼ ❈♦♥s✐❞❡r❛çõ❡s ❋✐♥❛✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✵
✸ ❙❆❋❡✿ ❖ ❋r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ ❞❡ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❞❛ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢ ✹✶ ✸✳✶ ❈❛r❛❝t❡ríst✐❝❛s ❡ ❘❡q✉✐s✐t♦s ❞♦ ❙❆❋❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✷ ✸✳✷ ❙✐st❡♠❛s ❈♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s ❙❆❋❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✺ ✸✳✸ ❆ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛ ❞❛ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛çã♦ ❞♦ ❙❆❋❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✻ ✸✳✸✳✶ ❖ P❛❝♦t❡ safe-framework ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✼
✸✳✸✳✷ ❖ P❛❝♦t❡ safe-language ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✺
✸✳✹ ❆ ▲✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠ ❙❆❋❡❙❲▲ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✼ ✸✳✹✳✶ ❖ ❙✉❜❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛❧ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✽ ✸✳✹✳✷ ❖ Pr♦❝❡ss❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❊s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛çã♦ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛❧ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✾ ✸✳✹✳✸ ❈♦♥tr❛t♦s ❈♦♥t❡①t✉❛✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✶ ✸✳✹✳✹ ❖ ❙✉❜❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❞❡ ❖rq✉❡str❛çã♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✶ ✸✳✹✳✺ ❖ Pr♦❝❡ss❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❈ó❞✐❣♦ ❞❡ ❖rq✉❡str❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❙❆❋❡❙❲▲ ✻✸ ✸✳✺ ❈✐❝❧♦ ❞❡ ❱✐❞❛ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✺ ✸✳✺✳✶ ❋❛s❡ ❞❡ ❉❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✺ ✸✳✺✳✷ ❋❛s❡ ❞❡ ❊①❡❝✉çã♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✼ ✸✳✻ ❯♠ Pr♦tót✐♣♦ ❞❡ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✽ ✸✳✼ ❈♦♥s✐❞❡r❛çõ❡s ❋✐♥❛✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✹
✹ ❊st✉❞♦s ❞❡ ❈❛s♦ ✽✻
✹✳✶ ❊st✉❞♦ ❞❡ ❈❛s♦ ✶✿ ▼♦♥t❛❣❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✻ ✹✳✶✳✶ ❱✐sã♦ ●❡r❛❧ ❞♦s ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❞♦ ▼♦♥t❛❣❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✼ ✹✳✶✳✷ ❲♦r❦✢♦✇s ❞♦ ▼♦♥t❛❣❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✾ ✹✳✶✳✸ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛çã♦ ❞❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ❙❆❋❡ ❞♦ ▼♦♥t❛❣❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✾ ✹✳✶✳✹ ❖ ❲♦r❦✢♦✇ ▼✶✵✶ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✶ ✹✳✶✳✺ ❈♦♥❡①ã♦ ❞♦ ▼✶✵✶ ❝♦♠ ♦ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ ❲♦r❦✢♦✇ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✾ ✹✳✶✳✻ ❈r✐❛çã♦ ❞♦ ▼✶✵✶ ♥❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ▼♦❊① ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✵ ✹✳✶✳✼ ❊①❡❝✉çã♦ ❞♦ ▼✶✵✶ ♥❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ▼♦❊① ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✸ ✹✳✶✳✽ ❖ ❲♦r❦✢♦✇ P❧ê✐❛❞❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✺ ✹✳✶✳✾ ❈r✐❛çã♦ ❞♦s ❲♦r❦✢♦✇s ❞❡ Pr♦❥❡çã♦ ❞♦ P❧ê✐❛❞❡s ♥❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦
▼♦❊①✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✼ ✹✳✶✳✶✵ ❊①❡❝✉çã♦ ❞♦ P❧ê✐❛❞❡s ♥❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ▼♦❊① ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✾ ✹✳✶✳✶✶ ❙♦❜r❡❝❛r❣❛ ❞♦ ❙❆❋❡ s♦❜r❡ ♦ ▼✶✵✶ ❡ P❧ê✐❛❞❡s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✵ ✹✳✷ ❊st✉❞♦ ❞❡ ❈❛s♦ ✷✿ Pr♦❝❡ss❛♠❡♥t♦ ▼❛♣✴❘❡❞✉❝❡✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✶ ✹✳✷✳✶ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢ ♣❛r❛ ♦ ▼❛♣✴❘❡❞✉❝❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✸ ✹✳✷✳✷ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❲♦r❦✢♦✇ ❞❡ Pr♦❝❡ss❛♠❡♥t♦ ▼❛♣✴❘❡❞✉❝❡✿
❈♦♥t❛❞♦r ❞❡ P❛❧❛✈r❛s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✼ ✹✳✷✳✸ ❆ ■♥t❡r❢❛❝❡ ❞❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ▼❛♣✴❘❡❞✉❝❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✸ ✹✳✷✳✹ ❆ ❊①❡❝✉çã♦ ❞❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ▼❛♣✴❘❡❞✉❝❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✽ ✹✳✸ ❈♦♥s✐❞❡r❛çõ❡s ❋✐♥❛✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✾
✺ ❚r❛❜❛❧❤♦s ❘❡❧❛❝✐♦♥❛❞♦s ✶✸✷
✺✳✶ ❆❙❑❆▲❖◆ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✷ ✺✳✷ ❇P❊▲ ❙❡❞♥❛ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✺ ✺✳✸ ❑❡♣❧❡r ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✼ ✺✳✹ ❖❙❈ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✸✽ ✺✳✺ P❡❣❛s✉s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹✵
✺✳✻ ❚❛✈❡r♥❛ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹✷ ✺✳✼ ❚r✐❛♥❛ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹✹ ✺✳✽ ❈♦♥s✐❞❡r❛çõ❡s ❋✐♥❛✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✹✺ ✻ ❈♦♥❝❧✉sõ❡s ❡ P❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❛s ❞❡ ❚r❛❜❛❧❤♦s ❋✉t✉r♦s ✶✺✵ ✻✳✶ ❚r❛❜❛❧❤♦s ❋✉t✉r♦s✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✺✸ ✻✳✷ ❈♦♥s✐❞❡r❛çõ❡s ❋✐♥❛✐s ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✺✻
❘❡❢❡rê♥❝✐❛s ❇✐❜❧✐♦❣rá✜❝❛s ✶✻✹
❆♣ê♥❞✐❝❡ ❆ ▲✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛❧ ✶✻✺
❆♣ê♥❞✐❝❡ ❇ ▲✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠ ❞❡ ❖rq✉❡str❛çã♦ ✶✼✷
▲✐st❛ ❞❡ ❋✐❣✉r❛s
✶✳✶ ❱✐sã♦ ❣❡r❛❧ ❞❛ r❡❧❛çã♦ ❡♥tr❡ ♦ ❙❆❋❡ ❡ ♦s ❞❡♠❛✐s ❡❧❡♠❡♥t♦s ❛rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛✐s ❞❛ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✽ ✷✳✶ ❈♦♠♣♦s✐çã♦ ♣♦r s♦❜r❡♣♦s✐çã♦ ✭♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❛ ❤✐❡rárq✉✐❝❛✮✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✸ ✷✳✷ ❈♦♠♣♦s✐çã♦ ♣♦r s♦❜r❡♣♦s✐çã♦ ✭♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❛ ❯▼▲✮✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✷✹ ✷✳✸ ❱✐sã♦ ❡♠ ❛❧t♦ ♥í✈❡❧ ❞♦s ♠ó❞✉❧♦s ❞❛ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢✱ ❝♦♠ ❞❡st❛q✉❡ ❡♠
♣♦♥t✐❧❤❛❞♦ ❞❛ ❝♦♥tr✐❜✉✐çã♦ ❞❡st❛ ❚❡s❡✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✸✻ ✸✳✶ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛ ❞❡ ✉♠ s✐st❡♠❛ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛❧ ♣❛r❛ ♦ ▼❛♣✴❘❡❞✉❝❡ ♥♦ ❙❆❋❡✳ ✹✻ ✸✳✷ ❱✐sã♦ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛❧ ❞♦ ❙❆❋❡✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✼ ✸✳✸ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❈❈❆✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✹✽ ✸✳✹ ❘❡❧❛❝✐♦♥❛♠❡♥t♦ ❡♥tr❡ ❛s ❈❧❛ss❡s ❞♦ P❛❝♦t❡safe-framework✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✵
✸✳✺ ❆ ❝r✐❛çã♦ ❞❡ s❡ssõ❡s ♣♦r ♣❛rt❡ ❞♦ ❋r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦✳ ❯♠❛ ♠❡s♠❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ♣♦❞❡ ❢❛③❡r ♣❛rt❡ ❞❡ ✈ár✐❛s s❡ssõ❡s✱ ❝❛❞❛ ✉♠❛ ❝♦♠ ✉♠ ú♥✐❝♦ ❲♦r❦✢♦✇ ❛ q✉❛❧ ♦rq✉❡str❛ ✉♠ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s✳ ✳ ✺✹ ✸✳✻ ❘❡❧❛❝✐♦♥❛♠❡♥t♦✱ ❡♠ ❛❧t♦ ♥í✈❡❧✱ ❡♥tr❡ ❝❧❛ss❡s ❞♦ ♣❛❝♦t❡ ❞❡ ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠✳ ✺✻ ✸✳✼ ❆ ▲✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠ ❙❆❋❡❙❲▲ ❡ s❡✉s s✉❜❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦s✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✼ ✸✳✽ ❱✐sã♦ ❛❜str❛t❛ ❞❛ ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠ ❛rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛❧ ❞♦ ❙❆❋❡❙❲▲✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✺✽ ✸✳✾ ❈❧❛ss❡s ❞❛ ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠ ❛rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛❧✱ ❝♦♥t✐❞❛s ♥♦ ♣❛❝♦t❡
safe-language✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✵
✸✳✶✵ ❙✐♥t❛①❡ ❛❜str❛t❛ ❞❛ ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠ ❞❡ ♦rq✉❡str❛çã♦ ❞♦ ❙❆❋❡❙❲▲ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✷ ✸✳✶✶ ❈❧❛ss❡s ❞❛ ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠ ❡①❡❝✉çã♦✱ ❝♦♥t✐❞❛s ♥♦ ♣❛❝♦t❡ safe-language✳ ✻✹
✸✳✶✷ ❉✐❛❣r❛♠❛ ❞❛ ❢❛s❡ ❞❡ ❡①❡❝✉çã♦ ❞❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çã♦✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✻✾ ✸✳✶✸ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❈❧✐❡♥t❡ ❡ ❙❡r✈✐❞♦r ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✵ ✸✳✶✹ ❉✐❛❣r❛♠❛ ❞♦ ❋❧✉①♦ ❞❡ ❖rq✉❡str❛çã♦ ❞❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✹ ✸✳✶✺ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❈❧✐❡♥t❡✱ ❋✐❧❛✱ ❙❡r✈✐❞♦r✱ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ❡ ❲♦r❦✢♦✇✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✼✺ ✸✳✶✻ ❋❛❝❡t❛ ❙❡r✈✐❞♦r❛ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛❞♦ ❝♦♠♦ ✉♠ ❙❡r✈✐ç♦ ❲❡❜✳ ✼✻ ✸✳✶✼ ❋❛❝❡t❛ ❈❧✐❡♥t❡ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛❞♦ ❝♦♠♦ ✉♠ ❙❡r✈✐ç♦ ❲❡❜✳ ✼✻ ✸✳✶✽ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ Pr♦①② ♣❛r❛ ♦ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ ❈❧✐❡♥t❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✶ ✸✳✶✾ ❚r❡❝❤♦ ❞❡ ❈ó❞✐❣♦ ❞♦ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ❙❆❋❡ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✷ ✸✳✷✵ ■♥t❡r❢❛❝❡ ❙✐♠♣❧❡s✱ ♣❛r❛ ❛ ❆♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✹ ✸✳✷✶ ❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ❞❡ ❙❛í❞❛ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✹
▲✐st❛ ❞❡ ❋✐❣✉r❛s ✐①
✹✳✶ ❘❡❧❛❝✐♦♥❛♠❡♥t♦ ❡♥tr❡ ♦ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ ▼♦♥t❛❣❡ ❡♥❝❛♣s✉❧❛❞♦ ❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ❞♦ ❧❛❞♦ ❞♦ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧✐st❛✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✽ ✹✳✷ ❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ❞❡ ✉♠ ✇♦r❦✢♦✇ ❡♠ ▼♦♥t❛❣❡✱ ♠♦str❛♥❞♦ ❛ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧✐③❛çã♦ ❞❡
s❡✉s ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s✳✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✽✽ ✹✳✸ ■♥t❡r❢❛❝❡ ❣rá✜❝❛ ♣❛r❛ ❣❡r❛çã♦ ❞❡ ✇♦r❦✢♦✇s ▼♦♥t❛❣❡✱ ▼♦❊① ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✶ ✹✳✹ ❱✐sã♦ s✐♠♣❧❡s ❞♦ ✢✉①♦ ❞♦ ✇♦r❦✢♦✇ ▼✶✵✶✱ ❝♦♠ ❛ ✐♠❛❣❡♠ r❡s✉❧t❛♥t❡
❞❛ ❣❛❧á①✐❛ ❛♦ ❝❡♥tr♦✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✸ ✹✳✺ ❱✐sã♦ ❣❡r❛❧ ❞♦ ✇♦r❦✢♦✇ ▼✶✵✶ s❡♠ ❛s ♣♦rt❛s ❞❡ t❛r❡❢❛s✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✹ ✹✳✻ ❖ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ ✇♦r❦✢♦✇ ❝♦♥❡❝t❛❞♦ às ♣♦rt❛s ❞❡ t❛r❡❢❛s ❞♦s ♦✉tr♦s
❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❞♦ ▼♦♥t❛❣❡✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✾✾ ✹✳✼ Pr♦❝❡ss♦ ❞❡ ❝r✐❛çã♦ ❞♦ ✇♦r❦✢♦✇ ▼✶✵✶ ❛tr❛✈és ❞❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ▼♦❊①✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✵ ✹✳✽ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s r❡♣♦s✐tór✐♦s ❡ s✉❛s ♣♦rt❛s ♣r♦✈❡❞♦r❛s✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✻ ✹✳✾ ❖s três ✢✉①♦s ♣❛r❛ ❛ ❡①❡❝✉çã♦ ❞♦ ✇♦r❦✢♦✇ P❧ê✐❛❞❡s✳ ◆♦ ✜♥❛❧ ❛s
✐♠❛❣❡♥s ❡♠ ❝❛❞❛ ❢❛✐①❛ ❞❡ ❝♦r sã♦ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛❞❛s ♣❡❧♦ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡mJpeg✳✶✵✻
✹✳✶✵ ❱✐sã♦ ❣❡r❛❧ ❞♦ P❧ê✐❛❞❡s s❡♠ ❛s ♣♦rt❛s ❞❡ t❛r❡❢❛s✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✼ ✹✳✶✶ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ ✇♦r❦✢♦✇ ❡ s✉❛s ❝♦♥❡①õ❡s ❝♦♠ ♦s ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❞♦
P❧❡✐❛❞❡s ❡♠ ✉♠❛ ✇♦r❦✢♦✇ ❞❡ ♣r♦❥❡çã♦✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✵✽ ✹✳✶✷ ❈ó❞✐❣♦ s❤❡❧❧ s❝r✐♣t ♣❛r❛ ♦ ▼✶✵✶ ❡ P❧ê✐❛❞❡s✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✵ ✹✳✶✸ ❊①❡♠♣❧♦ ❝❧áss✐❝♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♥t❛❣❡♠ ❞❡ ♣❛❧❛✈r❛s ❞♦ ▼❛♣✴❘❡❞✉❝❡✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✷ ✹✳✶✹ ❆rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛ ▼❛♣✴❘❡❞✉❝❡ ❝♦♠ ❛s ♣♦rt❛s ❞❡ t❛r❡❢❛s✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✶✽ ✹✳✶✺ ■♥t❡r❢❛❝❡ ♣❛r❛ ❝r✐❛çã♦ ❞❡ ✇♦r❦✢♦✇s ▼❛♣✴❘❡❞✉❝❡✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷✹ ❆✳✶ ❚✐♣♦s ❞✐s♣♦♥í✈❡✐s ♣❛r❛ ❛ ♠♦♥t❛❣❡♠ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ❛rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛ ❡♠ ❳▼▲✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✻✺ ❆✳✷ ❆ ❡str✉t✉r❛ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ t❛❣ <architecture> ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✻✺
❆✳✸ ❆ ❡str✉t✉r❛ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ t❛❣ <body>✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✻✻
❇✳✶ ❖s t✐♣♦s ❞✐s♣♦♥í✈❡✐s ❞❡ ✇♦r❦✢♦✇ ❡①❡❝✉tá✈❡❧✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✼✷ ❇✳✷ ❆ ❡str✉t✉r❛ ❞❛ ❡❧❡♠❡♥t♦ XML_SAFe_Prim_Oper ✭❡❧❡♠❡♥t♦
❈❛♣ít✉❧♦
1
■♥tr♦❞✉çã♦
◆❛ ú❧t✐♠❛ ❞é❝❛❞❛✱ ❛ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉ ❛ t❡st❡♠✉♥❤❛r ❣r❛♥❞❡s ❛✈❛♥ç♦s ♥❛ ❞✐s♣♦♥✐❜✐❧✐③❛çã♦ ❞❡ r❡❝✉rs♦s ❞❡ ❤❛r❞✇❛r❡ ✈♦❧t❛❞♦s ❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❝♦♠ r❡q✉✐s✐t♦s s❡✈❡r♦s ❞❡ ❝❛♣❛❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ♣r♦❝❡ss❛♠❡♥t♦✱ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧♠❡♥t❡ ❛❧❛✈❛♥❝❛❞♦s ❝♦♠ ♦ s✉r❣✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦❝❡ss❛❞♦r❡s ❝♦♠ ♠ú❧t✐♣❧♦s ♥ú❝❧❡♦s ❞❡ ♣r♦❝❡ss❛♠❡♥t♦ ✭♠✉❧t✐✲❝♦r❡✮ ❡ ❛❝❡❧❡r❛❞♦r❡s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s ♠✉♥✐❞♦s ❞❡ ❛❧❣✉♥s ♠✐❧❤❛r❡s ❞❡ ♥ú❝❧❡♦s ❞❡ ♣r♦❝❡ss❛♠❡♥t♦ ✭♠❛♥②✲❝♦r❡✮✳ ❙♦♠❛❞♦ ❛ ✐ss♦✱ t❡♠✲s❡ ♦❜s❡r✈❛❞♦ ♦ ❛✈❛♥ç♦ ❞❛ ❝❛♣❛❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ✐♥t❡❣r❛r t❛✐s r❡❝✉rs♦s ❡♠ s✐st❡♠❛s ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❡s❝❛❧❛ ❝❛❞❛ ✈❡③ ♠❛✐♦r✱ t❛✐s ❝♦♠♦ s❡r✈✐❞♦r❡s ❡q✉✐♣❛❞♦s ❝♦♠ ✈ár✐♦s ♣r♦❝❡ss❛❞♦r❡s ❞❡ ♠ú❧t✐♣❧♦s ♥ú❝❧❡♦s ❡ ❛❝❡❧❡r❛❞♦r❡s ✐♥t❡❣r❛❞♦s✱ ♦s q✉❛✐s ♣♦❞❡♠ s❡r✱ ❝♦♠ r❡❧❛t✐✈❛ ❢❛❝✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❡ ❜❛✐①♦ ❝✉st♦✱ ✐♥t❡❣r❛❞♦s ❡♠ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛s ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧❛ ❞❡♥♦♠✐♥❛❞❛s ❝❧✉st❡rs✳ P♦r s✉❛ ✈❡③✱ ❝❧✉st❡rs ♣♦❞❡♠ s❡r ✐♥t❡❣r❛❞♦s ❡♥tr❡ s✐ ❛tr❛✈és ❞❡ t❡❝♥♦❧♦❣✐❛s ❝♦♥s❛❣r❛❞❛s ♣❡❧❛ ❡❢❡r✈❡s❝❡♥t❡ ♣❡sq✉✐s❛ ❡♠ ❣r❛❞❡s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s ❡♠♣r❡❡♥❞✐❞❛ ♥♦s ❛♥♦s ✷✵✵✵ ❡✱ ♠❛✐s r❡❝❡♥t❡♠❡♥t❡✱ ♦❢❡r❡❝✐❞❛s s♦❜ ❛ ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❛ ❞❡ s❡r✈✐ç♦s ❞❡ ✐♥❢r❛❡str✉t✉r❛ s♦❜ ❞❡♠❛♥❞❛ ❛tr❛✈és ❞❡ ♥✉✈❡♥s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s✳
❖s ❛✈❛♥ç♦s ❞♦ ❤❛r❞✇❛r❡ ♣❡r♠✐t✐r❛♠ ♦ rá♣✐❞♦ s✉r❣✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛s ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧❛ ❝♦♠ ❞❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ♥❛ ♦r❞❡♠ ❞♦s P❡t❛✢♦♣s ❛✐♥❞❛ ❛♥t❡s ❞❡ ✷✵✶✵✱ s❡❣✉♥❞♦ ♦ ❜❡♥❝❤♠❛r❦✐♥❣ ✉t✐❧✐③❛❞♦ ♥♦ r❛♥q✉❡ ❚♦♣ ✺✵✵✶✱ ♠❛♥t✐❞♦ ♣♦r ✐♥st✐t✉✐çõ❡s
❛❝❛❞ê♠✐❝❛s ❡ ✐♥❞ústr✐❛✳ ❆t✉❛❧♠❡♥t❡✱ ♦s ❧✐♠✐t❡s ✐♥❢❡r✐♦r ❡ s✉♣❡r✐♦r ❞❡ss❡ r❛♥q✉❡ sã♦ ❞❡ ✷✵✻ ❚❡r❛✢♦♣s ❡ ✸✺ P❡t❛✢♦♣s✱ r❡s♣❡❝t✐✈❛♠❡♥t❡✳ ❖ ❞❡s❛✜♦ ❛t✉❛❧ é ❛ ❝♦♥str✉çã♦✱ ❛♥t❡s ❞❡ ✷✵✷✵✱ ❞❡ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛s ❞❡ ❊①❛s❝❛❧❡ ❈♦♠♣✉t✐♥❣✱ ❝✉❥♦ ❞❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❞❡✈❡ ❛t✐♥❣✐r ❛ ♦r❞❡♠ ❞♦s ❊①❛✢♦♣s✳ P♦ré♠✱ ❛tr❛✈és ❞❛ ✐♥t❡❣r❛çã♦ ❞❡ r❡❝✉rs♦s ❡♠ ❣r❛❞❡s ❡ ♥✉✈❡♥s✱ t❛❧ ❡s❝❛❧❛ ❞❡ ❞❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❥á é ♣♦ssí✈❡❧ ❡♠ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❧❛r❣❛ ❡s❝❛❧❛✱ ✐♥t❡❣r❛♥❞♦ r❡❝✉rs♦s ❞❡ ❞✐✈❡rs♦s ❝❡♥tr♦s ❛tr❛✈és ❞❡ s❡r✈✐ç♦s ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❛❧t♦ ❞❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦✳
✷
❊♥tr❡t❛♥t♦✱ ❡①♣❧♦r❛r ♦ ❞❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❞❡ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛s ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧❛ ❞❡ ❧❛r❣❛ ❡s❝❛❧❛ ❞❡ ❝❛rát❡r ❤❡t❡r♦❣ê♥❡♦ ✭♠✉❧t✐✲❝♦r❡✱ ♠❛♥②✲❝♦r❡ ❡ ❛♣r❡s❡♥t❛♥❞♦ ❤✐❡r❛rq✉✐❛ ♣r♦❢✉♥❞❛ ❞❡ ♠❡♠ór✐❛ ❡ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧✐s♠♦✮✱ ❞✐str✐❜✉í❞❛s ❡ ✐♥t❡❣r❛❞❛s s♦❜r❡ ❛ ✐♥❢r❛❡str✉t✉r❛ ❞❛ ✐♥t❡r♥❡t✱ ❝♦♥t✐♥✉❛ ❛ s❡r ✉♠ ❞❡s❛✜♦ ♣❛r❛ ❝✐❡♥t✐st❛s ❡ ❡♥❣❡♥❤❡✐r♦s ❞❡ s♦❢t✇❛r❡✱ ❛♣❡s❛r ❞♦s ❡s❢♦rç♦s ❡♠♣r❡❡♥❞✐❞♦s ❛♦ ❧♦♥❣♦ ❞❛s ❞é❝❛❞❛s ❝♦♠ ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♥s ❡ ✈ár✐♦s t✐♣♦s ❞❡ ❢❡rr❛♠❡♥t❛s ❞❡ s✉♣♦rt❡ ❛♦ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛s ♣❛r❛❧❡❧♦s✱ ✐♥❝❧✉✐♥❞♦ ❢r❛♠❡✇♦r❦s ❞❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛çã♦ ❡ ❛♠❜✐❡♥t❡s ❞❡ s♦❧✉çã♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛s ❞❡ ❛❧t♦ ♥í✈❡❧✳
❆♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❞❡ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ✭❈❆❉✮ ❝❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛♠✲s❡ ♣❡❧♦ ❛❧t♦ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞❡ ♦♣❡r❛çõ❡s q✉❡ ♣r❡❝✐s❛♠ r❡❛❧✐③❛r✱ ♣♦ss✐✈❡❧♠❡♥t❡ s♦❜r❡ ✉♠ ❣r❛♥❞❡ ✈♦❧✉♠❡ ❞❡ ❞❛❞♦s✳ P❛r❛ q✉❡ ❛ r❡s♦❧✉çã♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛s ♦❝♦rr❛ ❡♠ t❡♠♣♦ ✈✐á✈❡❧✱ ❡ss❛s ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❞❡✈❡♠ ✉t✐❧✐③❛r ❛❧❣♦r✐t♠♦s ❝♦♠ té❝♥✐❝❛s ❞❡ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧✐s♠♦ ❛❞❡q✉❛❞❛s ♣❛r❛ ❝❛❞❛ t✐♣♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛✱ ❞❡ ❛❝♦r❞♦ ❝♦♠ ❛ ❛rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛ ❞❛ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧❛ ♦♥❞❡ ❞❡✈❡♠ ❡①❡❝✉t❛r✳ ❚❛✐s té❝♥✐❝❛s ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝✐❛♠ ♥♦ t❡♠♣♦ ❣❛st♦ ♣❛r❛ ♦ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❛ s♦❧✉çã♦ ❡ ♠✉✐t❛s ✈❡③❡s ♥ã♦ sã♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♥❤❡❝✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞♦s ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧✐st❛s✱ ✐♥t❡r❡ss❛❞♦s ✉♥✐❝❛♠❡♥t❡ ♥♦s r❡s✉❧t❛❞♦s ♣r♦❞✉③✐❞♦s ♣❡❧❛s s♦❧✉çõ❡s✱ ♦s q✉❛✐s ❡stã♦ ♠❛✐s ♣r❡♦❝✉♣❛❞♦s ❝♦♠ ❛ ❧ó❣✐❝❛ ❞♦ ♥❡❣ó❝✐♦ ❞♦ q✉❡ ❝♦♠ q✉❡stõ❡s ❞❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛çã♦ ❡ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛çã♦ ❞❡ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛s ❞❡ ❡①❡❝✉çã♦✳
◆❡ss❡ ❝♦♥t❡①t♦✱ t♦r♥❛✲s❡ ❝❧❛r❛ ❛ ♥❡❝❡ss✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❛❜str❛çõ❡s ♣❛r❛ ♦ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ q✉❡ ❛❣✐❧✐③❡♠ ♦ t❡♠♣♦ ❞❡ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❛ ❧ó❣✐❝❛ ❞❡ ♥❡❣ó❝✐♦ ❞❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❝♦♠ r❡q✉✐s✐t♦s ❞❡ ❈❆❉ q✉❡ s❡❥❛♠ ❝❛♣❛③❡s ❞❡ ❡①♣❧♦r❛r ♦ ❞❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ♣♦t❡♥❝✐❛❧ ❞❡ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛s ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❛❧t♦ ❞❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❞❡ ❧❛r❣❛ ❡s❝❛❧❛✳ ❆ ❢♦r♠❛ ❝♦♠♦ ♦ ❝ó❞✐❣♦ é ♣❛r❛❧❡❧✐③❛❞♦ ❡ ❡①❡❝✉t❛❞♦ t♦r♥❛✲s❡ ♦ ♠❡♥♦s ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t❡ ❞♦ ♣♦♥t♦ ❞❡ ✈✐st❛ ❞♦ ✉s✉ár✐♦ ❞❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çã♦✳ ◆♦ ❡♥t❛♥t♦✱ ❝♦♥❝✐❧✐❛r ♠♦❞✉❧❛r✐❞❛❞❡✱ ❡✜❝✐ê♥❝✐❛✱ ❛❜str❛çã♦✱ ✐♥t❡r♦♣❡r❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❡ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❡♠ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧❛ é r❡❝♦♥❤❡❝✐❞♦ ❝♦♠♦ ✉♠ ❣r❛♥❞❡ ❞❡s❛✜♦✱ ❞❡s❝r✐t♦ ♥❛ ❧✐t❡r❛t✉r❛ ❬❙t❡❡♥ ✷✵✵✻✱❈❛r✈❛❧❤♦ ❏✉♥✐♦r ❡t ❛❧✳ ✷✵✵✼✱❇❡r♥❤♦❧❞t✱ ◆✐❡♣❧♦❝❤❛ ❡ ❙❛❞❛②❛♣♣❛♥ ✷✵✵✹✱P♦st ❡ ❱♦tt❛ ✷✵✵✺❪✱ ❛♣❡s❛r ❞♦s ❡s❢♦rç♦s ❡♠♣r❡❡♥❞✐❞♦s ❡ r❡s✉❧t❛❞♦s ❛❧❝❛♥ç❛❞♦s ♥❛s ú❧t✐♠❛s ❞é❝❛❞❛s ♣❡❧♦s ♣❡sq✉✐s❛❞♦r❡s ❞❛ ❛❝❛❞❡♠✐❛ ❡ ✐♥❞ústr✐❛✳
❆♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❞❡ ❈❆❉✱ ♠✉✐t❛s ✈❡③❡s✱ s✐t✉❛♠✲s❡ ❡♠ ❛♠❜✐❡♥t❡s ❡①tr❡♠❛♠❡♥t❡ ❤❡t❡r♦❣ê♥❡♦s✱ ❝♦♠ ✉♠❛ ❣r❛♥❞❡ ✈❛r✐❡❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♥s✱ ❛rq✉✐t❡t✉r❛s ❡ s✐st❡♠❛s ♦♣❡r❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s✳ ❖ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❢❡rr❛♠❡♥t❛s q✉❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❡♠ ❛ ❝♦♥str✉çã♦ ❞❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ♣❛r❛❧❡❧❛s✱ ❛✉♠❡♥t❛♥❞♦ ❛ ♣r♦❞✉t✐✈✐❞❛❞❡ ❡ ❞✐♠✐♥✉✐♥❞♦ ♦ t❡♠♣♦ ❣❛st♦ ❝♦♠ ❛ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛çã♦ ❞♦ ❝ó❞✐❣♦ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧♦✱ ❢❛③✲s❡ ❡str✐t❛♠❡♥t❡ ♥❡❝❡ssár✐♦✳
✶✳✶✳ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❇❛s❡❛❞❛ ❡♠ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ✭❈❇❍P❈✮ ✸
❛ ♣❛rt✐r ❞❡ ♠ó❞✉❧♦s ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t❡s✳ ❖ tr❛❜❛❧❤♦ ❞❡ ♣❡sq✉✐s❛ ❝✉❥♦s r❡s✉❧t❛❞♦s sã♦ ❛♣r❡s❡♥t❛❞♦s ♥❡st❛ ❚❡s❡ s✐t✉❛✲s❡ ❞❡♥tr♦ ❞♦ ❝♦♥t❡①t♦ ❞❡ ✉♠❛ t❡♥t❛t✐✈❛ ❞❡ ❝♦♥✈❡r❣ê♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ t❡❝♥♦❧♦❣✐❛s ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❞❡ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ ❡ ♥✉✈❡♥s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s ❛ ✜♠ ❞❡ ❛t❡♥❞❡r ❛s ♥❡❝❡ss✐❞❛❞❡s ❞❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❝♦♠ r❡q✉✐s✐t♦s ❞❡ ❈❆❉✱ ✈♦❧t❛❞❛s à ❡①❡❝✉çã♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦❝❡ss❛♠❡♥t♦ ❡♠ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛s ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧❛ ❞❡ ❧❛r❣❛ ❡s❝❛❧❛✱ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛❞♦ ❛tr❛✈és ❞❡ ✉♠❛ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛ ♣r♦♣♦st❛✱ ❝❤❛♠❛❞❛ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢✳
❆ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢✱ ❛ q✉❛❧ s❡rá ❞❡s❝r✐t❛ ♥♦ ❈❛♣ít✉❧♦✷❞❡st❛ ❚❡s❡✱ ❝♦♥st✐t✉✐ ❝♦♥tr✐❜✉✐çã♦ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❡s❢♦rç♦ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❡♥tr❡ ♠❡♠❜r♦s ❞♦ ❣r✉♣♦ ❞❡ ♣❡sq✉✐s❛ ❡♠ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❧✐❣❛❞♦ ❛♦ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡ ▼❡str❛❞♦ ❡ ❉♦✉t♦r❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❈✐ê♥❝✐❛ ❞❛ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ✭▼❉❈❈✮ ❞❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞❡ ❋❡❞❡r❛❧ ❞♦ ❈❡❛rá ✭❯❋❈✮✱ ❞❡♥tr❡ ❛❧✉♥♦s ❞❡ ♠❡str❛❞♦ ❡ ❞♦✉t♦r❛❞♦✱ ✐♥❝❧✉✐♥❞♦ ♦ ❛✉t♦r ❞❡st❛ ❚❡s❡✳ ❊♠ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r✱ ❡st❛ ❚❡s❡ ♣r♦♣õ❡ ✉♠ ❛r❝❛❜♦✉ç♦ ♣❛r❛ ♦ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s q✉❡ ❢❛ç❛♠ ✉s♦ ❞♦s r❡❝✉rs♦s ❞✐s♣♦♥✐❜✐❧✐③❛❞♦s ♣❡❧❛ ❍P❈ ❙❤❡❧❢✱ ❞❡♥♦♠✐♥❛❞♦ ❙❆❋❡ ✭❙❤❡❧❢ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❋r❛♠❡✇♦r❦✮✱ ❝✉❥❛s ❝♦♥tr✐❜✉✐çõ❡s sã♦ ❞❡❧✐♥❡❛❞❛s ❛♦ ❧♦♥❣♦ ❞❡st❡ ❞♦❝✉♠❡♥t♦✳
❆s s❡çõ❡s q✉❡ s❡ s❡❣✉❡♠ ❛♣r❡s❡♥t❛♠ ✉♠❛ ♠❡❧❤♦r ❝♦♥t❡①t✉❛❧✐③❛çã♦ ❞❛s ár❡❛s ❞❡ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❜❛s❡❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❛♣❧✐❝❛❞♦s à ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❛❧t♦ ❞❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❡ ♥✉✈❡♥s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s✱ ❜❡♠ ❝♦♠♦ ❞❡s❝r❡✈❡ ♠❡❧❤♦r ❛s ♠♦t✐✈❛çõ❡s ❞❡st❡ tr❛❜❛❧❤♦✱ s❡✉s ♦❜❥❡t✐✈♦s✱ ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛✐s ❝♦♥tr✐❜✉✐çõ❡s ❞❛ ❚❡s❡ ❡ ❡str✉t✉r❛ ❞❡st❡ ❞♦❝✉♠❡♥t♦ q✉❡ ❛ ❛♣r❡s❡♥t❛✳
✶✳✶ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦
❞❡
❆❧t♦
❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦
❇❛s❡❛❞❛
❡♠
❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ✭❈❇❍P❈✮
❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s sã♦ ♠ó❞✉❧♦s ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t❡s✱ ❝♦♠ ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡ ❜❡♠ ❞❡✜♥✐❞❛✱ ✐♥t❡r♦♣❡rá✈❡✐s ❡ ❛✉t♦✲❡①❡❝✉tá✈❡✐s ❬❲❛♥❣ ✷✵✵✺✱ ❙③②♣❡rs❦✐ ✷✵✵✵❪✳ ■♥✐❝✐❛❧♠❡♥t❡✱ ❢♦r❛♠ ✉s❛❞♦s ♥❛ ár❡❛ ❝♦♠❡r❝✐❛❧ ❞❡✈✐❞♦ ❛ ✈❛♥t❛❣❡♥s t❛✐s ❝♦♠♦✿ r❡✉s♦ ❞❡ ❝ó❞✐❣♦❀ ❢❛❝✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐çã♦✱ ❣❡r❛♥❞♦ ♥♦✈♦s ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❛ ♣❛rt✐r ❞❡ ♦✉tr♦s❀ ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡s ❞❡ s❡r✈✐ç♦s✱ ♦ q✉❡ ❛✉♠❡♥t❛ ❛ ❝♦❡sã♦ ❞♦s ♠ó❞✉❧♦s ❞❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çã♦ ❡ ❞✐♠✐♥✉✐ ♦ ❛❝♦♣❧❛♠❡♥t♦ ❡♥tr❡ ❡❧❡s ❡✱ ✜♥❛❧♠❡♥t❡✱ ♦ ❜❛✐①♦ ❝✉st♦ ❞❡ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❡ ❡✈♦❧✉çã♦ ❞♦ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ ✭❛❞✐çã♦ ❞❡ ♥♦✈❛s ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛❧✐❞❛❞❡s✮✳
◆♦s r❛♠♦s ❞❛s ❝✐ê♥❝✐❛s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s ❡ ♥❛ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❝✐❡♥tí✜❝❛✱ ❛❧❣✉♥s ♠♦❞❡❧♦s✱ ❡①♣❧✐❝❛❞♦s ❛❞✐❛♥t❡✱ ❢♦r❛♠ ♣r♦♣♦st♦s ♣❛r❛ ❛ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s q✉❡ s❛t✐s❢❛ç❛♠ ❛s ♥❡❝❡ss✐❞❛❞❡s ❞❛s ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❞❡ ❈❆❉✳ ❆♦ ❧♦♥❣♦ ❞♦s ❛♥♦s ✷✵✵✵✱ ❡ss❡ ✐♥t❡r❡ss❡ ❧❡✈♦✉ ❛ ❝❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛çã♦ ❞❡ ✉♠ r❛♠♦ ❞❡ ♣❡sq✉✐s❛ ❡♠ ❈❆❉ q✉❡ ✜❝♦✉ ❝♦♥❤❡❝✐❞♦ ❝♦♠♦ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❇❛s❡❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ✭❈❇❍P❈✷✮ ❆
✶✳✶✳ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❇❛s❡❛❞❛ ❡♠ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ✭❈❇❍P❈✮ ✹
◆♦♠❡ ▼♦❞❡❧♦ ❘❡❢❡rê♥❝✐❛ ❡✴♦✉ ❯❘▲
❈❈❆
❈❈❆✛❡✐♥❡ ❬❆❧❧❛♥ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✷✵✵✷❪
❳❈❆❚ ❬❑r✐s❤♥❛♥ ❡ ●❛♥♥♦♥ ✷✵✵✹❪✱ http://www.extreme.indiana.edu/xcat
❉❈❆ ❬❇❡rtr❛♥❞ ❡ ❇r❛♠❧❡② ✷✵✵✹❪ ❙❝✐❘✉♥✷ ❬❩❤❛♥❣ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✷✵✵✹❪ ❙❝✐❏✉♠♣ ❬P❛r❦❡r ❡t ❛❧✳ ✷✵✶✵❪
▼❖❈❈❆ ❬▼❛❧❛✇s❦✐✱ ❑✉r③②♥✐❡❝ ❡ ❙✉♥❞❡r❛♠ ✷✵✵✺❪ ❋r❛❝t❛❧
❏✉❧✐❛ http://fractal.ow2.org/julia
❈❡❝✐❧✐❛ http://fractal.ow2.org/cecilia-site/current
❚❤✐♥❦ http://think.ow2.org
❆❖❑❡❧❧ http://fractal.ow2.org/aokell/
●❈▼ Pr♦❆❝t✐✈❡ ❬❆♠❡❞r♦ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✷✵✶✵❪✱http://proactive.activeeon.com
❍❛s❤ ❍P❊ http://hash-programming-environment.googlecode.com
❚❛❜❡❧❛ ✶✳✶✿ P❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛ ❞❡ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ♣❛r❛ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦
❚❛❜❡❧❛✶✳✶ ❛♣r❡s❡♥t❛ ✉♠ r❡s✉♠♦ ❞❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛çõ❡s ❞❡ s✐st❡♠❛s ❈❇❍P❈ ❜❛s❡❛❞♦s ♥♦s ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛✐s ♠♦❞❡❧♦s ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❞❡st✐♥❛❞♦s ❛♦s r❡q✉✐s✐t♦s ❞❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❈❆❉✳ ❖ ❈❈❆ ✭❈♦♠♠♦♥ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ ❆r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡✮ ❢♦✐ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐❞♦ ♣♦r ✉♠ ❣r✉♣♦ ❞❡ ♣❡sq✉✐s❛❞♦r❡s ❡♥✈♦❧✈✐❞♦s ❡♠ ✉♠ ♣r♦❥❡t♦ ❞❛ ✐♥✐❝✐❛t✐✈❛ ❙❝✐❉❆❈ ✭❙❝✐❡♥t✐✜❝ ❉✐s❝♦✈❡r② ❚❤r♦✉❣❤ ❆❞✈❛♥❝❡❞ ❈♦♠♣✉t✐♥❣✮✸ ❞♦ ❉❡♣❛rt❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❊♥❡r❣✐❛ ✭❉♦❊✮ ❞♦ ❣♦✈❡r♥♦ ❞♦s
❊❯❆✳ ❖ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❈❈❆ ❬❆r♠str♦♥❣ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✶✾✾✾✱❆r♠str♦♥❣ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✷✵✵✻❪✱ ✐♥s♣✐r❛❞♦ ♥♦ ❈❖❘❇❆✱ é ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r❛❞♦ ♦ ♣❛❞rã♦ ❞❡ ♠❛✐♦r ✐♠♣❛❝t♦✳ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❈❈❆ ❝♦♠✉♥✐❝❛♠✲s❡ ♣♦r ♠❡✐♦ ❞❡ ♣♦rt❛s ♣r♦✈❡❞♦r❛s ❡ ✉s✉ár✐❛s✱ ❛s q✉❛✐s sã♦ ❧✐❣❛❞❛s ❞❡ ❢♦r♠❛ ❞✐r❡t❛ q✉❛♥❞♦ ♦s ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s r❡s✐❞❡♠ ♥♦ ♠❡s♠♦ ❡s♣❛ç♦ ❞❡ ❡♥❞❡r❡ç❛♠❡♥t♦ ❛ ✜♠ ❞❡ r❡❞✉③✐r ♦ t❡♠♣♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♠✉♥✐❝❛çã♦ ✭tr♦❝❛ ❞❡ ❞❛❞♦s✮ ❡♥tr❡ ♦s ♠❡s♠♦s✳
❆ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ✭❢r❛♠❡✇♦r❦✮ ❞❡ r❡❢❡rê♥❝✐❛ ❞♦ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❈❈❆ ❝❤❛♠❛✲s❡ ❈❈❆✛❡✐♥❡ ❬❆❧❧❛♥ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✷✵✵✷❪✱ ❛ q✉❛❧ ✉s❛ ❛ ❢❡rr❛♠❡♥t❛ ❇❛❜❡❧✴❙■❉▲ ♣❛r❛ ❝♦♥❡①ã♦ ❡♥tr❡ ❛s ♣♦rt❛s ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❬❊♣♣❡r❧② ❡t ❛❧✳ ✷✵✶✷❪ ❡ ✐♥tr♦❞✉③ ❛ ✐❞é✐❛ ❞❡ r❡❣✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ✭❝♦❤♦rt✮ ♣❛r❛ s✉♣♦rt❡ ❛♦ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧✐s♠♦ ❞❡ ♠❡♠ór✐❛ ❝♦♠♣❛rt✐❧❤❛❞❛✳ ❊♥tr❡t❛♥t♦✱ ♦✉tr♦s ❢r❛♠❡✇♦r❦s ❈❈❆ ❢♦r❛♠ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛❞♦s ♦✉ ❞❡r✐✈❛❞♦s ❛ ♣❛rt✐r ❞❡ ❢r❛♠❡✇♦r❦s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s ❡①✐st❡♥t❡s ❬❑r✐s❤♥❛♥ ❡ ●❛♥♥♦♥ ✷✵✵✹✱❩❤❛♥❣ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✷✵✵✹✱❇❡rtr❛♥❞ ❡ ❇r❛♠❧❡② ✷✵✵✹✱▼❛❧❛✇s❦✐✱ ❑✉r③②♥✐❡❝ ❡ ❙✉♥❞❡r❛♠ ✷✵✵✺❪✱ ❡①♣❧♦r❛♥❞♦ ❞✐❢❡r❡♥t❡s r❡q✉✐s✐t♦s✱ t❛✐s ❝♦♠♦ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧✐s♠♦✱ ❞✐str✐❜✉✐çã♦✱ r❡❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛çã♦ ❞✐♥â♠✐❝❛✱ ❡t❝✳ ❉❡st❛❝❛♠✲s❡ t❛♠❜é♠ ❛s ✐♥✐❝✐❛t✐✈❛s ❞♦s ✐♥t❡❣r❛♥t❡s ❞♦ ❋ór✉♠ ❈❈❆ ❡♠ ❡st✉❞❛r ❢♦r♠❛s ❞❡ ❡①♣❧♦r❛çã♦ ❞♦ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧✐s♠♦ ❡♠ ♠♦❞❡❧♦s ❞❡
✶✳✶✳ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❇❛s❡❛❞❛ ❡♠ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ✭❈❇❍P❈✮ ✺
❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❬▼❈▼❉✲❲● ❲✐❦✐ ❛t ❈❈❆ ❋♦r✉♠✱❋♦r✉♠ ✷✵✵✾❪✳
P♦r s✉❛ ✈❡③✱ ♦ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❋r❛❝t❛❧ ❬❇❛✉❞❡✱ ❈❛r♦♠❡❧ ❡ ▼♦r❡❧ ✷✵✵✸❪✱ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐❞♦ ♥♦ ❝♦♥t❡①t♦ ❞♦ ❝♦♥sór❝✐♦ ❈♦r❡●r✐❞✱ ✜♥❛♥❝✐❛♥❞♦ ♣❡❧❛ ❯♥✐ã♦ ❊✉r♦♣é✐❛ ✭❯❊✮✱ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛ ❛❜str❛çõ❡s ♣❛r❛ ❧✐❞❛r ❝♦♠ ❛ s❡♣❛r❛çã♦ ❡♥tr❡ ✐♥t❡r❡ss❡s ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛✐s ❡ ♥ã♦✲❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛✐s ❡♠ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s✳ P❛r❛ ✐ss♦✱ ♦s ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ♣♦ss✉❡♠ ✉♠❛ ♠❡♠❜r❛♥❛ ❡ ✉♠ ❝♦♥t❡ú❞♦✱ s❡♥❞♦ ❛ ♠❡♠❜r❛♥❛ ❛ ♣❛rt❡ ❞♦ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ r❡s♣♦♥sá✈❡❧ ♣❡❧♦ tr❛t❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ✐♥t❡r❡ss❡s ♥ã♦✲❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛✐s✱ ❛tr❛✈és ❞❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❛❞♦r❡s✳ ❖s ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❡♠ ❋r❛❝t❛❧ t❛♠❜é♠ ♣♦❞❡♠ s❡r ❛♥✐♥❤❛❞♦s✱ ♦✉ s❡❥❛✱ ❢♦r♠❛❞♦s ♣♦r ✈ár✐♦s ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s q✉❡ ♣♦❞❡♠ s❡r ❝♦♠♣❛rt✐❧❤❛❞♦s ❝♦♠ ♦✉tr♦s✱ ♦ q✉❡ ♠♦t✐✈❛ ❛ s✉❛ ❞❡♥♦♠✐♥❛çã♦✳
❋r❛❝t❛❧ é ❡s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛❞♦ ❝♦♠♦ ✉♠ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❞❡ ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡s ♣❛❞rõ❡s✱ ❞✐s♣♦♥í✈❡✐s ❡♠ ❏❛✈❛✱ ❈ ❡ ❖▼● ■❉▲ ❬❇❧❛✐r✱ ❈♦✉♣❛②❡ ❡ ❙t❡❢❛♥✐ ✷✵✵✾❪✳ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛çõ❡s ❞❡✈❡♠ ❛❞❡r✐r ❛ ♥í✈❡✐s ❞❡ ❝♦♥❢♦r♠✐❞❛❞❡✱ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❝❛❞♦s ♣♦r ♥ú♠❡r♦s ♥❛t✉r❛✐s✳ ◆♦ ♥í✈❡❧ ✵✱ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❋r❛❝t❛❧ sã♦ s✐♠♣❧❡s ♦❜❥❡t♦s✳ ❊♠ ❝❛❞❛ ✉♠ ❞♦s ♥í✈❡✐s s✉❜s❡q✉❡♥t❡s ✭✵✳✶✱ ✶✳✵✱ ✷✳✶✱ ✸✳✶✱ ✸✳✷ ❡ ✸✳✸✮✱ é r❡q✉✐s✐t❛❞❛ ❛ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❞❡ ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡s ❡✴♦✉ ♦ s✉♣♦rt❡ ❛ ✉♠ ♥♦✈♦ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♥tr♦❧❛❞♦r❡s✳ ❆ ❚❛❜❡❧❛ ✶✳✶ ❛♣r❡s❡♥t❛ ❛s ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛✐s ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛s ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s q✉❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛♠ ♦ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❋r❛❝t❛❧✳
❖ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ●❈▼ ✭●r✐❞ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t ▼♦❞❡❧✮ ❬❇❛✉❞❡ ✷✵✶✷❪✱ é ✉♠ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ♣r♦❥❡t❛❞♦ ❝♦♠♦ ✉♠❛ ❡①t❡♥sã♦ ❞♦ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❋r❛❝t❛❧✳ ❊❧❡ t❡♠ ❝♦♠♦ ♦❜❥❡t✐✈♦ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r ♥♦ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❞❡ ❧❛r❣❛ ❡s❝❛❧❛ ✈♦❧t❛❞❛s ❛ ✐♥❢r❛❡str✉t✉r❛s ❞❡ ❣r❛❞❡s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s✱ q✉❡ sã♦ ❝❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❛❞❛s ♣❡❧❛ s✉❛ ❤❡t❡r♦❣❡♥❡✐❞❛❞❡ ❡ ✉s♦ ❝♦♠♣❛rt✐❧❤❛❞♦ ❞❡ r❡❝✉rs♦s✳ ●❈▼ t❛♠❜é♠ é ✉♠ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❤✐❡rárq✉✐❝♦s✱ ❝♦♠ s✉♣♦rt❡ à ❝♦♠✉♥✐❝❛çã♦ ❛tr❛✈és ❞❡ ♣♦rt❛s ❞❡ ❝♦♠✉♥✐❝❛çã♦ ❝♦❧❡t✐✈❛s✳ ❚❛❧ ❞✐♥❛♠✐❝✐❞❛❞❡ t♦r♥❛ ♣♦ssí✈❡❧ ❛ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛çã♦ ❞❡ t♦❞♦s ♦s t✐♣♦s ❞❡ ♣❛❞rõ❡s ❞❡ ✐♥t❡r❛çã♦ ❝♦❧❡t✐✈❛✱ ❞❡r✐✈❛❞♦s ❞♦ ✉s♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❝♦♠♣♦st♦s✳ ❖ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ●❈▼ ❢♦✐ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛❞♦ ❝♦♠♦ ✉♠❛ ❡①t❡♥sã♦ ❞❛ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛ Pr♦❆❝t✐✈❡✱ ❛ ✜♠ ❞❡ ❛t❡♥❞❡r✱ ♥❡ss❛ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛✱ r❡q✉✐s✐t♦s ❞❡ ✐♥t❡❣r❛çã♦ ❝♦♠ t❡❝♥♦❧♦❣✐❛s ❞❡ ❣r❛❞❡s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s✳
✶✳✶✳ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❇❛s❡❛❞❛ ❡♠ ❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ✭❈❇❍P❈✮ ✻
♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s✳
❆ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛çã♦ ❞❡ r❡❢❡rê♥❝✐❛ ❞♦ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❍❛s❤ é ♦ ❍P❊ ✭❍❛s❤ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❊♥✈✐r♦♥♠❡♥t✮ ❬❈❛r✈❛❧❤♦ ❏✉♥✐♦r ❡ ❘❡③❡♥❞❡ ✷✵✶✸❪✱ ♦ q✉❛❧ t❛♠❜é♠ ❢♦✐ r❡❢❛t♦r❛❞♦ ♣♦st❡r✐♦r♠❡♥t❡ ♣❛r❛ ❝♦♠♣❛t✐❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❝♦♠ ♦ ❈❈❆ ❬❈❛r✈❛❧❤♦ ❏✉♥✐♦r ❡ ❈♦rrê❛ ✷✵✶✵❪ ❡ ❛♦ ♠❡s♠♦ t❡♠♣♦ ♣r♦♣ôr ✉♠❛ ♥♦çã♦ ❣❡r❛❧ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ ❈❈❆ ♣❛r❛❧❡❧♦✳ ❖ ♦❜❥❡t✐✈♦ ❞♦ ❍P❊ é ♣r♦✈❡r ✉♠ ❛♠❜✐❡♥t❡ q✉❡ ❢❛❝✐❧✐t❡ ❛ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ♣❛r❛❧❡❧❛s ♣❛r❛ ❡①❡❝✉t❛r❡♠ s♦❜r❡ ❝❧✉st❡rs✱ ❝♦♥str✉í❞❛s ♣❡❧❛ ❝♦♠♣♦s✐çã♦ ❤✐❡rárq✉✐❝❛ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s✳ P❛r❛ ♦ ❡s♣❡❝✐❛❧✐st❛ ❞❡ ✉♠ ❞♦♠í♥✐♦✱ ♦ q✉❛❧ ♥ã♦ t❡♠ ♠✉✐t♦ ❝♦♥❤❡❝✐♠❡♥t♦ ✭♦✉ ♥❡♥❤✉♠✮ ❡♠ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛s ♣❛r❛❧❡❧♦s✱ ♦ tr❛❜❛❧❤♦ r❡s✉♠❡✲s❡ ❛ ❝♦♥❡❝t❛r ♦s ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s✱ r❡♣❛ss❛♥❞♦ ♦s ❞❛❞♦s ❞❡ ❡♥tr❛❞❛ ❡ ❡s❝♦❧❤❡♥❞♦ ❛ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛ ❞❡ ❡①❡❝✉çã♦✳
❈♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s t❛♠❜é♠ ♣♦❞❡♠ s❡r ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛❞♦s ❝♦♠♦ s❡r✈✐ç♦s r❡♠♦t♦s✱ ❞✐s♣♦♥✐❜✐❧✐③❛♥❞♦ s✉❛s ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡s ♣❛r❛ ♦✉tr♦s ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❛ ✜♠ ❞❡ ❢♦r♠❛r ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❝♦♠♣❧❡①❛s✳ ❊♠ ✉♠ ❛♠❜✐❡♥t❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉í❞♦✱ ❡ss❛s ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡s ❞❡✈❡♠ tr♦❝❛r ❞❛❞♦s ♦❜❡❞❡❝❡♥❞♦ ❛ ✉♠ ❝❡rt♦ ♣r♦t♦❝♦❧♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♠✉♥✐❝❛çã♦✳ ❯♠ ❡①❡♠♣❧♦ é ✉s♦ ❞❡ t❡❝♥♦❧♦❣✐❛s ❝♦♠♦ ❙❡r✈✐ç♦s ❲❡❜✱ ♦♥❞❡ ✉♠ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ ♣♦❞❡ s❡r ❝r✐❛❞♦ ❡♠ q✉❛❧q✉❡r ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠ ❝♦♥✈❡♥❝✐♦♥❛❧ ❡ ❞✐s♣♦♥✐❜✐❧✐③❛❞♦ ♥❛ ✐♥t❡r♥❡t ✭♦✉ ❡♠ ✉♠❛ r❡❞❡ ✐♥t❡r♥❛✮✳ ❖ ❝❧✐❡♥t❡ q✉❡ ✏❝♦♥s♦♠❡✑ ♦s s❡r✈✐ç♦s ❞❡ss❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡ ♥❡❝❡ss✐t❛ s❛❜❡r ❛♣❡♥❛s s✉❛ ❧♦❝❛❧✐③❛çã♦ ❡ ❞❡s❝r✐çã♦ ✭❣❡r❛❧♠❡♥t❡ ❡♠ ✉♠❛ ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♠ ❣❡♥ér✐❝❛ ❝♦♠♦ ❳▼▲✮✱ ❞❡ s✉❛s ♦♣❡r❛çõ❡s ♣ú❜❧✐❝❛s✳ ❚❛✐s ❝♦♥❝❡✐t♦s ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛♠ ❢❛❝✐❧♠❡♥t❡ ❝♦♠ ♦ ❛♠❜✐❡♥t❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉í❞♦ ❞❛ ✐♥t❡r♥❡t✱ ♦♥❞❡ ❛ tr❛♥s♣❛rê♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❛❝❡ss♦ é ❡①♣❧♦r❛❞❛✳ ◆❡ss❡ ❝❡♥ár✐♦✱ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ✐♥t❡r❝❛♠❜✐á✈❡✐s ❡ ❛ r❡❞❡ ♠✉♥❞✐❛❧ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❞♦r❡s✱ ❛❧✐❛❞♦s ❛ ❞❡✜♥✐çã♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦t♦❝♦❧♦s ❞❡ ❝♦♠✉♥✐❝❛çã♦ r♦❜✉st♦s✱ ❞❡✉ ♦r✐❣❡♠ ❛ ✏❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ s❡r✈✐ç♦s✑ ✭❙❡r✈✐❝❡s ❈♦♠♣✉t✐♥❣✮✹✳ ❋♦rt❡♠❡♥t❡ ❜❛s❡❛❞♦ ❡♠ ❙❖❆ ✭❙❡r✈✐❝❡s ❖r✐❡♥t❡❞
❆r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡✮✱ s❡✉ ♦❜❥❡t✐✈♦ é ❞✐s♣♦♥✐❜✐❧✐③❛r s❡r✈✐ç♦s ❞❡ t❡❝♥♦❧♦❣✐❛ ♣❛r❛ ❡①❡❝✉t❛r t❛r❡❢❛s ❞❛ ❢♦r♠❛ ♠❛✐s ❡✜❝✐❡♥t❡ ♣♦ssí✈❡❧✳
❆ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ s❡r✈✐ç♦s ❣❛♥❤♦✉ ❛✐♥❞❛ ♠❛✐s ❢♦rç❛ ♥❛ ú❧t✐♠❛ ❞é❝❛❞❛✱ ❝♦♠ ♦ ❜❛r❛t❡❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞♦ ❤❛r❞✇❛r❡✱ ❛✉♠❡♥t♦ ❞❛ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❛ ✐♥t❡r♥❡t ❡ ❛ ♠❡❧❤♦r✐❛ ❞❛s té❝♥✐❝❛s ❞❡ ❊♥❣❡♥❤❛r✐❛ ❞❡ ❙♦❢t✇❛r❡✱ ❝♦♠ ♦ s✉r❣✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❜✐❜❧✐♦t❡❝❛s ❡ ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♥s ❞❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛çã♦ ♥❛t✉r❛❧♠❡♥t❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛❞❛s ♣❛r❛ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ✇❡❜✳ ❆ ✐♥❞ústr✐❛ ♣❡r❝❡❜❡✉ ❡♥tã♦ q✉❡ ❞✐s♣♦♥✐❜✐❧✐③❛r r❡❝✉rs♦s ❞❡ ❤❛r❞✇❛r❡✱ s✐st❡♠❛s ♦♣❡r❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s ❡ ♣❧❛t❛❢♦r♠❛s ❞❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛çã♦ ❝♦♠♦ ✉♠ s❡r✈✐ç♦ s❡♠❡❧❤❛♥t❡ ❛♦ ♦❢❡r❡❝✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐❛ ❡❧étr✐❝❛ t♦r♥❛r✐❛✲s❡ ✉♠❛ t❡♥❞ê♥❝✐❛✳ ❉❛í ♥❛s❝❡r❛♠ s♦❧✉çõ❡s ❞❡ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ ❝♦♠ ❢♦r♠❛s tr❛♥s♣❛r❡♥t❡s ❞❡ ❛❝❡ss♦ ❛ ❡ss❡s r❡❝✉rs♦s✳ ❆ ✐❞❡✐❛ é ❢❛③❡r ❝♦♠ q✉❡ ♦ ✉s✉ár✐♦ ♣❛❣✉❡
✶✳✷✳ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❡♠ ◆✉✈❡♥s ✼
❛♣❡♥❛s ♣♦r ❛q✉✐❧♦ q✉❡ ✉s❛r ✭♠❛✐s ✉♠❛ ✈❡③✱ ❞❛ ♠❡s♠❛ ❢♦r♠❛ q✉❡ ♦s s❡r✈✐ç♦s ❞❡ ❛❜❛st❡❝✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ á❣✉❛ ❡ ❡♥❡r❣✐❛✮✳ ■ss♦ ♠♦t✐✈♦✉ ♦ ❝♦♥❝❡✐t♦ ❞❡ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❡♠ ◆✉✈❡♥s ✭❈❧♦✉❞ ❈♦♠♣✉t✐♥❣✮✱ ♦♥❞❡ ♦s s❡r✈✐ç♦s✱ s❡❥❛♠ ❡❧❡s ❞❡ ❤❛r❞✇❛r❡ ❡ s♦❢t✇❛r❡✱ sã♦ ✈✐st♦s ❝♦♠♦ ✉♠❛ ✏♥✉✈❡♠✑ ❞❡ ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛❧✐❞❛❞❡s✱ ❛❝❡ss❛❞❛ tr❛♥s♣❛r❡♥t❡♠❡♥t❡ ♣❡❧♦ ❝❧✐❡♥t❡✳ ◆✉✈❡♥s ♣♦❞❡♠ ❞✐s♣♦♥✐❜✐❧✐③❛r ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❝♦♠♦ s❡r✈✐ç♦s ❞❡ ❛❝❡ss♦ r❡♠♦t♦✱ ✐♥❝❧✉s✐✈❡ s❡r✈✐ç♦s ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛❞♦s ♣♦r ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❞❡ ❛❧t♦ ❞❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦✳ ❆ s❡❣✉✐r✱ ✈❡r❡♠♦s ❝♦♠♦ ❛ t❡❝♥♦❧♦❣✐❛ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣♦♥❡♥t❡s ❞❡ ❛❧t♦ ❞❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❛♣r❡s❡♥t❛❞❛ ♣♦❞❡ s❡r ✉s❛❞❛ ♥♦ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈✐♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s q✉❡ ❡①❡❝✉t❡♠ ❡♠ ♥✉✈❡♥s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s✳
✶✳✷ ❈♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❞❡ ❆❧t♦ ❉❡s❡♠♣❡♥❤♦ ❡♠ ◆✉✈❡♥s
◆✉✈❡♥s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s s✉r❣✐r❛♠ ❝♦♠♦ ✉♠❛ s♦❧✉çã♦ ❞❡ ❜❛✐①♦ ❝✉st♦✱ ❝♦♥✜á✈❡❧ ❡ ❝♦♠ ❛ ✜♥❛❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❡①❡❝✉t❛r ♦s ♠❛✐s ❞✐✈❡rs♦s t✐♣♦s ❞❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s✱ ❞❡s❞❡ ❛s ❝♦♠❡r❝✐❛✐s ❛té ❝✐❡♥tí✜❝❛s✳ ❆s ♥✉✈❡♥s tr❛❜❛❧❤❛♠ ❝♦♠ ♦ ❝♦♥❝❡✐t♦ ❞❡ ✉t✐❧✐t② ❝♦♠♣✉t✐♥❣ ♦ q✉❛❧ é ♦❢❡r❡❝✐❞♦ ✉♠ s❡r✈✐ç♦ ❡ ♦ ❝❧✐❡♥t❡ ♣❛❣❛ ♣❡❧♦ t❡♠♣♦ ❞❡ ♣r♦❝❡ss❛♠❡♥t♦ ❡ ✉s♦ ❞❡ r❡❝✉rs♦s✳ ❖ ◆■❙❚ ✭◆❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ■♥st✐t✉t❡ ♦❢ ❙t❛♥❞❛r❞s ❛♥❞ ❚❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣②✮✺ é ✉♠ ✐♥st✐t✉t♦ ❞♦
❞❡♣❛rt❛♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♠ér❝✐♦ ❞♦ ❣♦✈❡r♥♦ ❞♦s ❊❯❆ ♦ q✉❛❧ tr❛❜❛❧❤❛ ❡♠ s♦❝✐❡❞❛❞❡ ❝♦♠ ❛ ✐♥❞ústr✐❛ ❛ ✜♠ ❞❡ ❞❡s❡♥✈♦❧✈❡r t❡❝♥♦❧♦❣✐❛ ❛♣❧✐❝❛❞❛✱ ♠étr✐❝❛s ❡ ♣❛❞rõ❡s✳ ❙❡❣✉♥❞♦ ♦ ◆■❙❚✱ ♥✉✈❡♥s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s ❝♦♥st✐t✉❡♠ ✉♠ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❞❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛çã♦ ❝❛♣❛③ ❞❡ ♣r♦♣✐❝✐❛r ♦ ❛❝❡ss♦ ✉❜íq✉♦✱ ❝♦♥✈❡♥✐❡♥t❡ ❡ s♦❜ ❞❡♠❛♥❞❛ ❛ ✉♠ ❝♦♥❥✉♥t♦ ❞❡ r❡❝✉rs♦s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s ✭♣r♦❝❡ss❛♠❡♥t♦✱ ❛r♠❛③❡♥❛♠❡♥t♦✱ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❡ s❡r✈✐ç♦s✱ ♣♦r ❡①❡♠♣❧♦✮✱ ❛tr❛✈és ❞❡ ✉♠ r❡❞❡ ❞❡❞✐❝❛❞❛✳ ❖s r❡❝✉rs♦s ♣♦❞❡♠ s❡r ❧✐❜❡r❛❞♦s ♦✉ ❛❧♦❝❛❞♦s ❝♦♠ r❡❧❛t✐✈❛ ❢❛❝✐❧✐❞❛❞❡✱ ❛tr❛✈és ❞❡ ✉♠ ♣r♦✈❡❞♦r ❞❡ s❡r✈✐ç♦s✳ ❖ ❞♦❝✉♠❡♥t♦ ❞❡ ♣❛❞r♦♥✐③❛çã♦ ❞♦ ◆■❙❚ ❬▼❡❧❧ ❡ ●r❛♥❝❡ ✷✵✶✶❪ ❛✐♥❞❛ ❞✐s❝r✐♠✐♥❛ três ♠♦❞❡❧♦s ❞❡ s❡r✈✐ç♦s ♦❢❡r❡❝✐❞♦s ♣❡❧❛s ♥✉✈❡♥s ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛✐s✳ ❆ s❡❣✉✐r✱ ✉♠ ❜r❡✈❡ r❡s✉♠♦ ❞❡ss❡s ♠♦❞❡❧♦s ❡ s✉❛s ♣r✐♥❝✐♣❛✐s ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛❧✐❞❛❞❡s✿
◮ ❙❛❛❙ ✲ ❙♦❢t✇❛r❡ ❛s ❛ ❙❡r✈✐❝❡✿ ♥❡ss❡ ♠♦❞❡❧♦✱ ♦ ❝❧✐❡♥t❡ t❡♠ ❛❝❡ss♦ ❛ ✉♠❛ ❣❛♠❛ ❞❡ ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s q✉❡ sã♦ ♦❢❡r❡❝✐❞❛s ❛tr❛✈és ❞❡ ❞✐✈❡rs♦s t✐♣♦s ❞❡ ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡✱ ♣♦❞❡♥❞♦ s❡r ❛❝❡ss❛❞❛s ♣♦r ❞✐s♣♦s✐t✐✈♦s ♠ó✈❡✐s ♦✉ ♥❛✈❡❣❛❞♦r❡s ✇❡❜✳ ❆s ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❡①❡❝✉t❛♠ s♦❜r❡ ✉♠❛ ✐♥❢r❛❡str✉t✉r❛ ❞❡ ♥✉✈❡♠ tr❛♥s♣❛r❡♥t❡ ❛♦ ✉s✉ár✐♦ ❡ t❡♠ ❝♦♠♦ ♠✐ssã♦ ❡st❛r❡♠ s❡♠♣r❡ ✏❞✐s♣♦♥í✈❡✐s✑✳
◮ P❛❛❙ ✲ P❧❛t❢♦r♠ ❛s ❛ ❙❡r✈✐❝❡✿ ♥❡ss❡ ♠♦❞❡❧♦✱ ♦ ❝❧✐❡♥t❡ t❡♠ ❛ ♣♦ss✐❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ ❝r✐❛r ♦✉ ❛❞q✉✐r✐r ❛♣❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❡ ✐♠♣❧❛♥tá✲❧❛s ♥❛ ♥✉✈❡♠ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛❝✐♦♥❛❧✳ ❆tr❛✈és ❞♦ ✉s♦ ❞❡ ❧✐♥❣✉❛❣❡♥s ❞❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛çã♦ ❛❞❡q✉❛❞❛s✱ ❜✐❜❧✐♦t❡❝❛s ❡ s❡r✈✐ç♦s✱
