Maria Aparecida da Silveira

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(1)PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC-SP. Maria Aparecida da Silveira. O MOVIMENTO NACIONAL DOS CATADORES DE MATERIAIS RECICLÁVEIS: UM MOVIMENTO EM CONSTRUÇÃO 1999-2009. Mestrado em Serviço Social. São Paulo 2010.

(2) PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC-SP. Maria Aparecida da Silveira. O MOVIMENTO NACIONAL DOS CATADORES DE MATERIAIS RECICLÁVEIS: UM MOVIMENTO EM CONSTRUÇÃO 1999-2009. Mestrado em Serviço Social. Dissertação apresentada à Banca Examinadora, como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Serviço Social, pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, sob a orientação da Professora Drª. Maria Lúcia Carvalho da Silva.. São Paulo 2010.

(3) Banca Examinadora.

(4) AGRADECIMENTOS. À Profª. Drª. Maria Lúcia Carvalho da Silva, por toda sua dedicação, disponibilidade e paciência em minhas orientações.. Aos Professores Drª. Rosangela Oliveira Dias da Paz e Dr. Luiz Tokuzi Kohara, que participaram do exame de qualificação, e contribuíram imensamente com este processo.. Aos meus amigos e amigas: Eliana Sampaio, Maria da Penha da Silva, Francisco Galdino, José Farias, Ana Lúcia Sanches, Elena Maria Resende, Sônia Maria e Leila Maria que tanto me incentivaram no processo de elaboração da dissertação.. À minha irmã, Raquel da Silveira, que foi extremamente companheira, dando-me toda a assistência necessária para que eu levasse até o final esta dissertação.. À minha mãe, Terezinha Rezende Nazaré da Silveira, que tanto me motivou e animou para que eu pudesse finalizar este trabalho.. A todos os entrevistados, das direções das associações e cooperativas de São Paulo e Minas e Gerais e também à direção do Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis (MNCR) de ambos os Estados.. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), pela bolsa recebida, que viabilizou meus estudos no Programa de Estudos PósGraduados em Serviço Social..

(5) Resumo A presente dissertação de mestrado tem por objeto o estudo do Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis: um movimento em construção 1999/2009. O objetivo geral visou analisar o MNCR, nessa década de existência e ação, abordando sua organização interna, relações externas, lutas, limites e desafios. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram sete lideranças da direção nacional e estadual do MNCR e das associações e cooperativas de materiais recicláveis. A pesquisa foi orientada pela pergunta norteadora: Qual a importância do Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis e suas repercussões? As referências conceituais da pesquisa foram:: globalização, em Boaventura Santos e Octavio Ianni, trabalho, em Ricardo Antunes e Márcio Pochmann, movimentos sociais, em Maria da Glória Gohn e Evelina Dagnino, políticas sociais, em Evaldo Amaro Vieira, Maria Carmelita Yazbek, Ivanete Boschetti e Elaine Rossetti Behring, democratização, em Francisco .C. Weffort e Maria Victória de Mesquita Benevides, autores contemporâneos das Ciências Sociais e do Serviço Social. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, tendo a coleta de dados como instrumento a entrevista semi-estruturada, com base em roteiro. Foram realizadas também pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e observação participante da pesquisadora. Para a interpretação dos dados foi adotada a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados da pesquisa, revelaram, principalmente, que o MNCR nesses dez anos de existência se configurou como um sujeito coletivo e político que vem efetivando, com avanços e desafios, um projeto de inclusão dos catadores nas políticas sociais, na cadeia produtiva e nas relações internacionais com outras organizações de catadores. Palavras-chave: globalização, trabalho, movimentos sociais, políticas sociais e democratização..

(6) Abstract The present mastership degree essay has as a purpose to study the National Movement of Catchers of Recyclable Material (MNCR) A movement in progress – 1999/2009. The general purpose was to analyze the MNCR, into this decade of existence and action, addressing to its internal organization, external relationships, struggles, limits, and challenges. The subjects of the research were seven people at the front of both national and state board of MNCR and the associations and cooperatives of recyclable materials. Research was conducted by the following question: What is the importance the National Movement of Catchers of Recyclable Material (MNCR)? Conceptual references of the research were: globalization, in Boaventura Santos and Octavio Ianni, work, in Ricardo Antunes and Márcio Pochmann, social movements, in Maria da Glória Gohn and Evelina Dagnino, social policies, in Evaldo Amaro Vieira, Maria Carmelita Yazbek, Ivanete Boschetti and Elaine Rossetti Behring, democratization, em Francisco .C. Weffort and Maria Victória de Mesquita Benevides, all of them conemporary authors in the areas of Social Sciences and Social Work. Methodology used was qualitative survey, being the data collection as an instrument the semistructured interview, based on a scipt. Bibliographical research, survey based on documents and participating observation of the researcher were made too. To interpret data, it was made the following contents analysis. Results of the survey have specially revealed, that what MNCR, after these ten years of existence, was configured as a collective and politic subject, increasingly making, with advancements and challnges, the social inclusion of catchers into social policies, into the productive chain and into international relationships with other organization of catchers. Keywords: globalization, work, social movements, social policies, and democratization.

(7) LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS. Abes – Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental ABI – Associação Brasileira de Imprensa Abong – Associação Brasileira das Organizações Não Governamentais ANC – Associação Nacional Constituinte Ancat – Associação Nacional dos Carroceiros e Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis Ascati – Associação de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis de Timóteo (MG) Asmare – Associação dos Catadores de Papel e Papelão Reaproveitável Aspan – Associação Pernambucana de Defesa da Natureza Avina – Fundação Associación Vida e Natureza BID – Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento BNDES – Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social CAD – Computer Aided Desing/Projeto Assistido por Computador CAM – Computer Aided Manufacturing/Fabricação Assistida por Computador CBO – Classificação Brasileira de Ocupação CCQs – Círculos de Controle de Qualidade CEBs – Comunidades Eclesiais de Base CEF – Caixa Econômica Federal Celam – Encontro do Episcopado Latino-Americano Cempre – Centro Empresarial para Reciclagem CEP – Controle Estatístico de Processo CF – Constituição Federal Clad – Centro Latino-Americano de Administración para el Desarrollo CMP – Central de Movimentos Populares CNBB – Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil Coopamare – Cooperativa de Catadores Autônomos de Papel, Aparas e Material Reaproveitáveis Coopere – Cooperativa de Catadores Autônomos de Materiais Reaproveitáveis Cooperglicério – Cooperativa de Catadores da Baixada do Glicério Cora – Associação dos Trabalhadores de Materiais Recicláveis Coorpel – Cooperativa dos Catadores de Papel e Papelão da Luz.

(8) CPI – Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito Cruma – Cooperativa de Reciclagem Unidos pelo Meio Ambiente CUT – Central Única dos Trabalhadores ECA – Estatuto da Criança e Adolescente FHC – Fernando Henrique Cardoso FMI – Fundo Monetário Internacional FSM – Fórum Social Mundial IBGE – Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística Insea – Instituto Nenuca de Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico Ambiental ISO – Organização Internacional de Standardização ITCP – Incubadora Tecnológica de Cooperativas Populares Loas – Lei Orgânica de Assistência Social MDS – Ministério de Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome MIT – Massachusets Institute of Technology MMA – Ministério do Meio Ambiente MNCR – Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis MNM – Movimento Nacional de Moradia MNPR – Movimento Nacional de População de Rua MSI – Modelo de Substituições de Importações MST – Movimento dos Sem-Terra OAB – Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil OAF – Organização do Auxílio Fraterno OIT – Organização Internacional do Trabalho OMC – Organização Mundial de Comércio ONGs – Organização Não Governamental ONU – Organização das Nações Unidas Oscip – Organização da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público PAC – Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento Pangea – Centro de Estudos Socioambientais PC – Paulo César PCB – Partido Comunista Brasileiro PCdoB – Partido Comunista do Brasil PDS – Partido Democrático Social PDT – Partido Democrático Trabalhista.

(9) PMDB – Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro PNB – Produto Nacional Bruto PNRS – Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos PSDB – Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira PT – Partido dos Trabalhadores Recifran – Serviço Franciscano de Apoio a Reciclagem Senaes – Secretaria Nacional de Economia Solidária Seppir – Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial SPM – Secretaria Especial de Política para as Mulheres UNE – União Nacional dos Estudantes.

(10) SUMÁRIO. INTRODUÇÃO,11 CAPÍTULO 1 – Aproximações Conceituais de Referência,20 1.1 Globalização,20 1.2 Trabalho,26 1.3 Movimentos sociais,34 1.4 Políticas sociais,43 CAPÍTULO 2 – Considerações sobre o Processo de Democratização Brasileira - 1980/2009,51 2.1 Abordando a democracia,51 2.2 As lutas pela democratização,54 2.2.1 Abertura política,54 2.2.2 Os rumos da cidadania,60 2.2.3 Os caminhos da participação social,68 CAPÍTULO 3 – Trajetória Histórica do Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis, 77 3.1 Antecedentes e origem do MNCR,77 3.2 Processo organizativo: primeiros passos do MNCR e sua estrutura,85 3.3 O MNCR e as relações com o Estado, 91 3.4 Fortalecimento e ampliação de relações do MNCR com movimentos sociais nacionais e internacionais,102 CAPÍTULO 4 – Percepções das Lideranças – da Direção do MNCR e das Associações e Cooperativas: Elementos Interpretativos,107 4.1 Percepções dos sujeitos da pesquisa sobre sua trajetória enquanto catadores e sobre seu trabalho,107 4.2 Percepções dos respondentes quanto ao entendimento do MNCR, e as relações entre direção e base,114 4.3 Percepções dos entrevistados sobre a ação do MNCR: lutas, possibilidades, limites e desafios,120 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS,126 BIBLIOGRAFIA,129 ANEXOS.

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