Exp1: The result of each color in phase3
B.3 Working memory
WM indicates the concept of information processing functions such as information reten- tion, manipulation and conversion during the performance of various cognitive functions such as conversation, reading, calculation and reasoning [48]. Baddeley (1986) suggested a model as a system consisting of three components: the linguistic short-term memory (phonological loop), the visuospatial short-term memory (visuospatial sketchbook) and the central execu- tive. The linguistic short-term memory retains the information expressed in a voice such as a number, a word or a sentence. The visuospatial short-term memory retains the visuospatial information such as an image, a picture or a location. The central executive governs higher cognitive activity such as the attention control and the allocation of processing resources [54].
There are also two types of color working memory: verbal and visual. The former retains color information as words, the latter retains color information perceptually, it is believed that the short-term retention takes place in different brain regions [55].
Appendix C
Appendix C
1
Modulation of Color Perception Associated with Local/Global Processing
Visual Perception and Cognition lab Riku Saito
Title
Visual Perception And Cognition Lab
Global precedence
Global precedence, Navon (1977)
In the perceptual processing,
the wholes are processed faster? or their parts are processed faster?
The global letter is processed faster than the local letters.
C: Global letter A: Local letter
The global precedence on the perception Do we always see the forest before the trees or the trees before the forest?
For instance
Visual Perception And Cognition Lab
Processing of the Local/Global letters
The processing of local/global letters involves different brain areas Local directed attention
Globally directed attention
Activated the right hemisphere Shulman et al. (1986), Sergent (1982)
Activated the left hemisphere
detailed perception and activate narrow categories leading to exclusion of non-relevant incoming stimuli.
Local system
gestalt perception, supports creativity, metaphor understanding, and integration of information.
Global versus Local Processing Model, Förster and Dannenberg (2010)
Global system For instance… Priming
Facilitation of responding that occurs as a result of the presentation of a semantically related word. The left hemisphere is primarily responsible for the controlled processing of semantic relationshipsChiarello (1985)．
Visual Perception And Cognition Lab
Local/Global priming effect
Many studies reported that
the local/global priming task affected subsequent performance The globalpriming improved the accuracy
of recognition faces than the localpriming
the accuracy of the memory performance in wine taste was higher when the local priming than the globalpriming
Global Local
the accuracy of recognition faces
The magnitude of the Müller-Lyer illusion increaseddue to the globalpriming effect and the magnitude of the illusion decreaseddue to the localpriming effect, compared to the control condition.
The focus range with local priming
The focus range with global priming
The local/global priming effect leads to the perception of the distractors.
This result means the priming task affects the length perception.
Visual illusion and priming effect, Mundy (2014)
Visual Perception And Cognition Lab
Color contrast illusion
Color contrast illusion on the color perception.
Which colors is the center patch color？
The appearance of a patch of color is affected by other color patches or surrounding colors (distractors) that are nearby in space and time.
The color perception is
automatic and depends on the natural environments (the state and stability of the observed surface, object, or scene)
The perceptual biases, such as the priming effect, have not been considered.
・When perceiving, it is processed stably without different changes than usual.
The perceiving distractors or no affected the length perception.
Visual Perception And Cognition Lab
Research question
Examined whether the local/global priming task affects the color perception by using the color contrast illusion including the distractors.
Exp.1: the successive color adjustment was used Exp.2: the simultaneous color adjustment was used
Aim
Local Global
There is a possibility to perceive the varied color depending on the perception of the distractors.
Perceive the physical color? Perceive the illusion color?
1 2
3 4
5 6
Appendix C
2
Visual Perception And Cognition Lab
Exp.1:Procedures
Letter reading practice phase (phase 2)
Color adjustment Color adjustment Letter reading
Big letter(Global) Small letter(local)
Color adjustment phase (phase1) Task
Overall procedure Memorize
Target colors Adjust Test color
AAA AA AA
AA A AA ACK
reading the big/small letters
Response the big/small letters Counterbalance
Target Test
Color adjustment Letter reading
×18 ×36 ×30 ×36 ×30
Visual Perception And Cognition Lab
Exp.1: Analysis method
𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑅, 𝐺, 𝐵 = 𝑟𝑜, 𝑔𝑜, 𝑏𝑜 𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟 (𝑅, 𝐺, 𝐵) = (𝑟𝑓, 𝑔𝑓, 𝑏𝑓)
𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝜏 (0 ≤ 𝑟𝑜, 𝑔𝑜, 𝑏𝑜,, 𝑟𝑓, 𝑔𝑓, 𝑏𝑓, 𝜏 ≤ 1)
𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟 (𝑅, 𝐺, 𝐵) = (𝜏𝑟𝑜+ 1 − 𝜏 𝑟𝑓, 𝜏𝑔𝑜+ 1 − 𝜏 𝑔𝑓, 𝜏𝑏𝑜+ 1 − 𝜏 𝑏𝑓) Stimuli
Color adjustment method
Target color τ=0.5
Test color τ=0~1 Additive color filtering Kitaoka (2011)
If τ=1 If τ=0.5
Filter color Object color
= +
Physical color Illusion color
Visual Perception And Cognition Lab
Adjusted color
Memorize Target color
Adjust Test color
τ=0.5 τ=0.6 τ=0.7 τ=0.8 τ=0.9
Test color varied by adjusting the value of τ using a keypad
Visual Perception And Cognition Lab
*
Exp.1: Responded τ between priming tasks
The local/global priming task affected the color appearance on the successive color adjustment.
The difference in color appearance is larger
The difference in color appearance is smaller
N=27 (3 female, 24 male)
Age range: 19–25 years (M= 22.92, SD=1.439)
＊(p< .01)
Perceived physical color
Perceived
Illusion color t(1,26) = 2.130, p = .04277, Cohen’s d = 0.2544
Visual Perception And Cognition Lab
Exp.1: output results for one participant
Global priming Local priming
Target color Test color Presented Target color
(Physical color) Adjusted
Test color
Visual Perception And Cognition Lab
Exp.2:Procedures
Letter reading practice phase (phase 2) Color adjustment phase (phase1)
Task
Adjust the Test color while looking at the Target color
AAA AA AA
AA A AA ACK
reading the big/small letters
Response the big/small letters
Test Target
Color adjustment Color adjustment Letter reading
Big letter Small letter
Overall procedure Counterbalance
Color adjustment Letter reading
×18 ×36 ×30 ×36 ×30
7 8
9 10
11 12