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HAL Id: hal-01006115

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01006115

Submitted on 13 Jun 2014

HAL

is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire

HAL, est

destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de

converter

Alexandre Boyer, He Huang, Sonia Ben Dhia

To cite this version:

Alexandre Boyer, He Huang, Sonia Ben Dhia. Impact of thermal aging on emission of a buck DC-DC

converter. 2014 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Tokyo (EMC’14/Tokyo),

May 2014, Tokyo, Japan. pp.77-80. �hal-01006115�

(2)

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