Janković D.
1, Đedović R.
2, Ivanović D.
1, Trivunović S.
1, Radinović M.
1Abstract: Abstract: The profitability is the main parameter of dairy farming sustainability. In
addition, the public is showing an increasing concern for the welfare of the dairy cows.
Reproductive efficiency of dairy cows greatly influences both of these parameters (economics and ethology). Calving ease (CE) is an economically and ethologically important functional trait.
Also, in contemporary studies about cattle production, increasing importance is placed on conformation, and type trait (TT) scoring is an important element of breeding programs for the Holstein-Friesian cattle in many countries. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic relationship between CE and TT in registered primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in Vojvodina. Data were collected by the Main breeding organization (Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad, Department of Animal Science), include 6594 records and refer to 2013 and 2014. CE was scored on a 5-point scale (5 point-easy, none assisted; 1 point-fetotomy). Linear type evaluation includes 5 type traits (stature, chest width, body depth, rump angle, rump width) by using the scale from 1-9. Basic statistics of phenotypic manifestation and variability of CE and linear TT were calculated using the standard statistical procedures by applying the Statistica Software version 12. The frequency of the three CE classes (1- fetotomy, 2-cesarean, 3-hard, with assistance) was 6.70%. Average score for TT were: stature 5.98, chest width 5.97, body depth 6.27, rump angle 5.88, rump width 6.14. Phenotypic and genetic correlations of CE and TT were evaluated by using the Sire model (Harvey, 1990). Coefficients of phenotypic correlations ranged from -0.008 for rump width to 0.034 for rump position. Genetic correlations ranged from -0.389 for stature to -0.013 for rump position. In this study, we detect genetic correlations between evaluated TT and CE, but further investigation on phenotypic and genotypic value for TT and CE are needed. Also, there is possibility of using genomic information for exploring these traits, because calving difficulty are among the main reasons of involuntary culling in dairy cattle. Using the information about TT helps for selecting profitable, functional cows.
Keywords: calving ease, type traits, genetic relationship, primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows
1Janković Dobrila, PhD student, Ivanović Draško, MSc, PhD student, Trivunović Snežana, PhD, professor, Radinović Miroslav, MSc, PhD student, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia;
2Đedović Radica, PhD, professor, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Zemun, Serbia Corresponding author: Janković Dobrila, email: dobrila.jankovic@stocarstvo.edu.rs
09-11.09.2015. Novi Sad, Serbia
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UDC: 636.082.4 ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY:
CHALENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Stojkovic M.1
Abstract: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) including reproductive nuclear transfer (NT or cloning) of animals is important research activity with a mounting interest to increase economic value of translational science.
In vitro embryo production (IVP) is one of the most important parts of ART comprising the following procedures: (i) in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes recovered directly from the follicles also from dead animals, (ii) in vitro fertilization of capacitated spermatozoa with IVM oocytes, and (iii) in vitro culture (IVC) of zygotes. Together with cryopreservation IVP allows large-scale embryo marketing, a pathogen-free genetic movement, and easier germplasm commercial dealings.
However, some of the problems associated with the implementation of ART and NT of different animal species in relation to their reproductive characteristics remain. For instance, large offspring syndrome that occurs in animals derived from IVC and the abnormal clone phenotype that includes placental and fetal changes after transfer of cloned embryos. Therefore, in highly interventional technologies, such as NT, the incidence of abnormal offspring continues to be a limiting factor to broader application of the technique. However, what we learned using animal ART and reprogramming of somatic cells using NT resulted in numerous translational approaches including:
i) improvement of in vitro conditions, ii) manipulation of gametes, iii) cryoprotection of gametes and embryos, iv) reprogramming of adult somatic cells, and v) derivation of stem cells including targeted differentiation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells.
Therefore, this review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of animal ART and NT that lead to a wide variety of practical applications in animal and human ART and cell biology.
Keywords: ART, in vitro production, nuclear transfer, embryo1
1Stojkovic Miodrag, PhD, professor, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia.
Corresponding author: Stojkovic Miodrag, email: mstojkovic@spebo.co.rs
09-11.09.2015. Novi Sad, Serbia
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UDC: 399.325.1
VIABILITY OF CRYOPRESERVED RABBIT EMBRYOS
Chrenek P.
1,2, Makarevich A.
1Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine effect of cryopreservation procedure on
development of preimplantation rabbit embryos. We evaluated post-thaw development and quality of the embryos following vitrification using different fluorescent markers of the cell viability.
The pronuclear stage eggs were flushed from the oviducts of the New Zealand rabbit females at 19-20 h post coitum (hpc) and randomly divided into two groups: intended for vitrification (n= 135) and non-vitrified (intact) control (n= 135) eggs. Then zygotes were cultured for 72h, afterwards the embryos reached morula stage of the first group were frozen by vitrification in EFS medium (ethylene glycol, Ficoll70, sucrose), whilst the embryos (morula) of the control group were cultured further until 120 h (expanded blastocyst stage). Then all the embryos including intact control (n = 270) were processed for differential staining and cell death (apoptosis).
Following thawing almost 73% of embryos survived and developed to advanced blastocyst stage versus 96% in the intact control. The incidence of dead cells (apoptotic index) was almost twice higher in the embryos subjected to cryopreservation (
4.21±1.85) compared to control (
2.08±0.50). However, this incidence of dead cells in vitrified embryos is still within the physiological range and does not compromise further development. Our observation indicates that rabbit embryos after freezing have only slightly altered viability and quality.
Therefore, vitrification techniques tested in our study can be used for cryopreservation of embryos of national rabbit breeds for the purpose of long-term storage of embryo samples in the animal gene bank.
Keywords: rabbit, embryo, vitrification, survival, apoptosis
This study was supported by the Agency for the Support of Science and Technology (APVV) in the Slovak Republic (grant APVV-14-00-43) and VEGA 1/0611/15.
1 Chrenek Peter, DrSc., professor; Makarevich Alexander, DrSc., Nrational Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute for Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic, chrenekp@vuzv.sk, makarevic@vuzv.sk
2 Chrenek Peter, DrSc., professor Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, in Nitra Slovak Republic, peter.chrenek@uniag.sk
Corresponding author: Makarevich Alexander, email: makarevic@vuzv.sk
09-11.09.2015. Novi Sad, Serbia
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UDC: 637.1
METABOLITES IN SERUM OF YOUNG A.I. BULLS AND BREEDING VALUES
BY PROGENY TESTING Scholz, H.
1, Ahrens; A.
2Abstract: Since 2010 is the genomic selection in German Holstein implemented. In this
situation bulls are very young at first production of semen. Tended problemsof the A.I.
stations are represented by the lowsemenvolume and quality of semen.Semen and blood samples of 15 A.I. bulls in Germany were used in this investigation. Three groups of bulls were used: [1] 100 % suitable semen, [2] 75-99 % suitable semen and [3] under 75 % suitable semen. The motility of ejaculate showed an average of 65 % with significant differences between groups ([1] 68a %; [2] 65b %; [3] 63b %). Motility post thawing was 55 % ([1] 60a %; [2] 55bc %; [3] 51bd %).Metabolites by using PCA (Principal Components Analysis) show a significant difference between 3 groups (very good semen quality, middle and bad) and can used for a selection to fertility of young A.I. bulls in the first stage of production. Breeding values of RZR (daughter based) and fertility of bullscompleted the data samples. Bulls with a high semen quality [group 1] in the first 4 months after first production show the best results by progeny daughter testing in the field.
Keywords: Metabolites, semen, quality, breeding values
1Scholz, Heiko Dr.; AnhaltUniversity of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany
2Ahrens, AndreasDr.; Thuringia Animal Health Fund, Jena, Germany Corresponding author: Scholz, Heiko, email: h.scholz@loel.hs-anhalt.de
09-11.09.2015. Novi Sad, Serbia
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UDC: 599.731.1:572.023
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY OF FEEDING LACTATING SOWS
ON LITTER SIZE IN FIRST NEXT FARROWING
Vasiljević T.1, Uzelac Z.2, Radivojević M.3Abstract: In comercial swine production, basic goal is achievement of high level of reproduction parameters, or in the other words accomplishment of higher annual number of piglets or fatlings per sow, as much as it is possible. In research on farm Napredak AD, Stara Pazova, with production capacity of 1500 sows, we have researched effects of two different feeding systems, during the period of lactation, on litter size in next farrowing.
There were two groups in the trial, and in each 70 sows of F1 generation (Landrace x Yorkshire).
In the barn for farrowing, both groups were consuming same feed mix, for sows in lactation, produced in feed factory on farm. Feeding technology was different in a period starting at one week after the placing of sows in barn for farrowing, up to the end of first week after the farrowing.
Up to the farrowing, daily consumption of concentrate in experimental group was 2,1 kg, and there was three feedings daily, each time 0,7 kg. Starting with the day of farrowing, the amount of daily ration was increased 0,46 kg more each day. At the seventh day sows were eating 5,9 kg, and they still have been fed three times daily. From the seventh day, up to the end of lactating period, sows were fed five times per day, and the total amount of daily ration was increased every second day. Total amount of daily ration in control group, was same like in experimental group (2,1 kg), in a period starting with placing sows in a barn for farrowing, but the sows were fed five times per day (0,42 kg in each feeding). After the farrowing, there was no changes in a frequency of feed distribution during the day, in control groupe of sows, but every second day, total daily amount of feed was increased, so that at the seventh day after the farrowing it was 7 kg per day, and after that it was also increased, just like in experimental group.
In the next farrowing the number of live borned, dead borned and the total number of piglets were monitored. Obtained data was analyzed by T-test. There were statistically significant differences for all of three monitored parameters. Total number of piglets as well as number of live borned, were higher in experimental group (p<0.01), while the number of dead borned piglets was lower compared to control group (p<0.05).
Keywords: nutrition, technology, litter
1 Vasiljević Teodora, DVMSc.; Patent Co, Belgrade
2Uzelac Zoran, Ph.D.; Napredak AD, Stara Pazova.
3 Radivojević Mihailo, Ph.D.; PKB Agroekonomik, Belgrade
Corresponding author: Vasiljević Teodora, email teodora.vasiljevic@patent-co.com
09-11.09.2015. Novi Sad, Serbia
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UDC: 636.4:159.964.21
EFFECT OF HERBAL EXTRACT ON LIBIDO SEXUALIS IN BOARS Rozkot M.
1, Opletal L.
2, Frydrychová S.
1, Lustyková A.
1, Lipenský J.
1Abstract: Inadequate sexual functions are very important problem in boars in insemination
stations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbal extract on libido sexualis and semen quality in breeding boars. Herbal extract was prepared from plants containing specific effective substances with positive effect to reproductive ability of males.
Eurycoma longifoliaroot contains quassinoids, squalene derivatives, biphenylneolignans, tirucallane-type triterpenes, canthine-6-one and beta-carboline alkaloids. Tribulus terrestris contains steroids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, tannins, etc. The extract from roots of Leuzea carthamoides has adaptogenic effect, decreases unfavourable influence of different stress factors, increases proteosynthesis and enhances libido sexualis.
Boars from one insemination station were divided in two groups, control group (18 boars) and experimental group (17 boars). Animals were fed with commercial feeding mixture for boars and in experimental group was daily added feeding mixture with herbal extract for 45 days. Libido sexualis and the following semen quality parameters were evaluated in samples of ejaculate: semen volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration, percentage of viable spermatozoa and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa during the feeding (week 1-6) and after finishing feeding mixture with herbal extract (week 7-8).
The positive effect of herbal extract on reproduction functions of boars was found in the experimental group where 47.1% boars improved. The semen quality parameters were not markedly affected. Results of this study showed that the herbal extract as feed additivehad
an influence of libido sexualis and had no negative effect on quality of ejaculate in boars.Keywords: boar, herbal extract, feeding, libido sexualis, semen quality
1
Miroslav Rozkot, Ing.,CSc., scientist, Frydryc hová Soňa, Ing., Ph.D., scientist, Lustyková Alena, Ing., Ph.D., scientist, Lipenský Jan, Ing., Dis., scientist, Institute of Animal Science Prague, Department of Pig Breeding Kostelec nad Orlicí, Czech Republic
2
Opletal Lubomír, Prof., RNDr., SCc., professor, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Czech Republic
Corresponding author: Rozkot Miroslav, email: rozkot.miroslav@vuzv.cz
09-11.09.2015. Novi Sad, Serbia
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UDC: 581.33 : 599.731.1