history. I calibrated and verified the model using experimental and numerical test results.
II/c I have developed a procedure to model a BRB with a single finite element by extending the material model that corresponds to its yielding zone to the entire brace. I calibrated the developed Steel04 model in OpenSees to provide a general representation of the behavior of specimens tested at BME and UCSD. The developed numerical BRB model is defined by geometric and material properties of the braces. Therefore, it can model a wide range of BRB capacities and lengths without the need for re-calibration.
Thesis III [Z7, Z8, Z9, Z11]
Using a methodology based on FEMA P695, I verified that an enhanced version of the capacity design procedure for dissipative concentrically braced steel frames in Eurocode 8 is applicable for the design of pinned Buckling Restrained Braced Frames with two-bay chevron brace topology.
III/a I have developed a custom software application that manages the collapse probability evaluation of an arbitrary archetype structure based on the methodology presented in FEMA P695. The software uses OpenSees as a solution engine and performs the required pre and post processing tasks automatically. I validated the environment using publicly available models and results of FEMA P695.
III/b I have proposed a more stringent limit on the acceptable variance of BRB utilization in the design procedure. I have shown that this measure can effectively reduce the probability of soft-story formation and the collapse probability of BRBF.
III/c I have performed a sensitivity analysis to identify the influence of numerical model parameters, design procedure regulations and evaluation methods on the final result.
Analysis results highlight the importance of appropriate material model selection and the consideration of nonlinear column behavior.
III/d Through the analysis of 24 BRBF archetypes I have verified that the seismic design parameters and the design procedure recommended by our research group results in structures with adequate resistance against collapse under the design seismic event. I limited the results based on the scope of the presented research. I have specified the corresponding limits on structural and element behavior.
93
R
EFERENCESPUBLICATIONS OF THE AUTHOR ON THE SUBJECT OF THE THESES
Journal papers:
[Z1] Vigh L.G., Zsarnóczay Á., Bagó Z.: Buckling restrained braced frames: Analysis, design and standards (in Hungarian), MAGÉSZ Acélszerkezetek, vol. 7, 4:70-75 (2010)
[Z2] Zsarnóczay Á., Vigh L.G.: Experimental analysis of buckling restrained braces (in Hungarian), Magyar Építőipar, vol. 62, 6:222-230 (2012)
[Z3] Zsarnóczay Á., Budaházy V., Vigh L.G., Dunai L.: Cyclic hardening criteria in EN 15129 for steel dissipative braces, Journal of Contructional Steel Research, 83:1-9 (2013)
Conference papers:
[Z4] Zsarnóczay Á., Vigh L.G.: Experimental analysis of buckling restrained braces: Performance evaluation under cyclic loading, Proc. Eurosteel 2011 – 6th European Conference on Steel and Composite Structures, Budapest, pp. 945-950 (2011)
[Z5] Zsarnóczay Á., Vigh L.G.: Element level modeling of the cyclic behavior of buckling restrained braces (in Hungarian), XI. Magyar Mechanikai Konferencia, Miskolc, 9p. (2011)
[Z6] Budaházy V., Zsarnóczay Á., Vigh L.G., Dunai L.: Numerical model development for cyclic hardening investigation of steel-yield based displacement dependent devices, Proc. 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), Lisbon, paper 5222, 10p. (2012)
[Z7] Zsarnóczay Á., Vigh L.G.: Capacity design procedure evaluation for buckling restrained braced frames with incremental dynamic analysis, Proc. 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), Lisbon, paper 3533, 10p. (2012)
[Z8] Zsarnóczay Á.: Influence of plastic mechanism development on the seismic performance of buckling restrained braced frames – case study, Proc. Conference of Junior Researchers in Civil Engineering, Budapest, pp. 289-297 (2012)
[Z9] Zsarnóczay Á.: Seismic performance evaluation of buckling restrained braces and frame structures, Proc.
9th fib International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering, Karlsruhe, pp. 195-200 (2012)
[Z10] Zsarnóczay Á., Budaházy V.: Uniaxial material model development for nonlinear response history analysis of steel frames, Proc. Second Conference of Junior Researchers in Civil Engineering, Budapest, pp. 307-317 (2013)
[Z11] Zsarnóczay Á., Macedo L., Castro J.M., Vigh L.G.: A novel ground motion record selection strategy for Incremental Dynamic Analysis, Vienna Congress on Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vienna, paper 539, 10p. (2013)
Reports:
[Z12] Zsarnóczay Á., Dunai L.: "Type Testing of Buckling Restrained Braces according to EN 15129 - EWC 800 test report", Department of Structural Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (2011)
[Z13] Zsarnóczay Á., Dunai L.: "Type Testing of Buckling Restrained Braces according to EN 15129 - EWC 500 test report", Department of Structural Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (2012)
[Z14] Zsarnóczay Á., Dunai L.: "Type Testing of Buckling Restrained Braces according to EN 15129 - 600 BCE and 825 BCE test report", Department of Structural Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (2013)
94
OTHER REFERENCES
[1] Veletsos, A.S., Newmark, N.M.: Effect of inelastic behavior on the response of simple systems to earthquake motions, Proc. 2nd World Conf. Earthquake Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 895-912 (1960) [2] EN 1998-1:2008 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 1: General rules,
seismic actions and rules for buildings, CEN (2008)
[3] ANSI AISC 341-10: Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings., American Institute of Steel Construction (2010)
[4] Black, C., Makris, N., Aiken, I.: "Component Testing, Stability Analysis and Characterization of Buckling-Restrained Unbonded Braces, PEER report", University of California, Berkeley, CA (2002) [5] Merritt, S., Uang, C.-M., Benzoni, G.: "Subassemblage Testing of Star Seismic Buckling Restrained
Braces", Department of Structural Engineering, University of California (2003)
[6] Wakabayashi, M., Nakamura, T., Katagihara, A., Yogoyama, H., Morisono, T.: Experimental study on the elasto-plastic behaviour of braces enclosed by precast concrete panels under horizontal cyclic loading (in Japanese), Parts 1 and 2. Summaries of technical papers of annual meeting, vol. 10, pp. 1041-1044 (1973)
[7] Watanabe, A., Hitomi, Y., Saeki, E., Wada, A., Fujimoto, M.: Properties of brace encased in buckling- restraining concrete and steel tube, Proc. 9th World Conf. Earthquake Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 719-724 (1988)
[8] Xie, Q.: State of the art of buckling restrained braces in Asia, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 61:727-748 (2005)
[9] Romero, P., Reaveley, L., Miller, P., Okahashi, T.: "Full Scale Testing of WC Series Buckling-Restrained Braces", Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Utah (2007)
[10] Merritt, S., Uang, C.-M., Benzoni, G.: "Subassemblage testing of CoreBrace Buckling-restrained braces.
Test report", University of California, San Diego, CA (2003)
[11] Sabelli, R.: Recommended Provisions for Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames, Engineering Journal, pp.
155-175 (2004)
[12] Simon, J., Martinovich, K., Dani, B., Ájpli, B., Sapkás, Á., Vigh, L.G.: Seismic safety of bridges - Case studies (Hidak állékonyságának biztosítása szeizmikus terhekre - esettanulmányok) (in Hungarian), Útügyi Lapok (2013)
[13] Hoveidae, N., Rafezy, B.: Overall buckling behavior of all-steel buckling restrained braces, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 79:151-158 (2012)
[14] EN 15129:2010 Anti-seismic devices, CEN (2010)
[15] Fahnestock, L., Sause, R., Ricles, J.: Seismic response and Performance of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames, Journal of Structural Engineering, 133:1195-1204 (2007)
[16] Palmer, K.D., Roeder, C.W., Lehman, D.E., Okazaki, T., Shield, C.: Experimental performance of Steel Braced Frames Subjected to Bidirectional Loading, Journal of Structural Engineering, 139:1274-1284 (2013)
[17] Asgarian, B., Shokrgozar, H.R.: BRBF response modification factor, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 65:290-298 (2009)
[18] Bosco, M., Marino, E.M.: Design method and behavior factor for steel frames with buckling restrained braces, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 42:1243-1263 (2012)
[19] Qualification of building seismic performance factors, FEMA P695., Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Washington, D.C. (2009)
[20] Sato, A., Uang, C.-M.: A FEMA P695 study for the proposed seismic performance factors for cold-formed steel special bolted moment frames, Earthquake Spectra, 29:259-282 (2013)
[21] Tahmasebi, E., Chancellor, N.B., Ricles, J.M., Sause, R., Akbas, G., Joó, A.L.: Collapse Performance of Steel Self-Centering Braced Frame Systems, Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA 2012) Santiago, Chile (2012)
[22] Vigh, L.G., Tipping, S., Miranda, E., Deierlein, G.G.: "Seismic performance of steel corrugated shear wall, Blume Center Technical Report", The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University (2012)
95
[23] Miyamoto, H., Gilani, A., Wada, A., Ariyaratana, C.: Identifying the Collapse Hazard of Steel Special Moment-Frame Buildings with Viscous Dampers Using the FEMA P695 Methodology, Earthquake Spectra, 27:1147-1168 (2011)
[24] Akbas, G., Chancellor, N.B., Ricles, J.M., Sause, R., Tahmasebi, E., Joó, A.L.: Evaluation of Performance-Based Design Methodology for Steel Self-Centering Braced Frame, Proc. of the Seventh International Conference on the Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA 2012) (2012) [25] Vigh, L.G., Deierlein, G.G., Miranda, E., Liel, A.B., Tipping, S.: Seismic performance assessment of steel
corrugated shearwall system using non-linear analysis, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 85:48- 59 (2013)
[26] Vamvatsikos, D., Cornell, A.C.: Incremental dynamic analysis, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 31:491-514 (2002)
[27] Newell, J., Uang, C.-M., Benzoni, G.: "Subassemblage testing of CoreBrace Buckling-restrained braces (G series). Test report", University of California, San Diego, CA (2006)
[28] Usami, T., Wang, C., Funayama, J.: Low Cycle Fatigue Tests of a Type of Buckling Restrained Braces, Procedia Engineering, 14:956-964 (2011)
[29] Mirtaheri, M., Gheidi, A., Zandi, A., Alanjari, P., Samani, H.: Experimental optimization studies on steel core lengths in buckling restrained braces, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 67:1244-1253 (2011)
[30] Wang, C.-L., Usami, T., Funauama, J.: Evaluating the influence of stoppers on the low-cycle fatigue properties of high-performance buckling-restrained braces, Engineering Structures, 41:167-176 (2012) [31] Uriz, P., Mahin, S.: "Toward Earthquake-Resistant Design of Concentrically Braced Steel-Frame
Structures. PEER report",University of California, Berkeley, CA (2008)
[32] Andrews, B., Fahnestock, L., Song, J.: "Performance-based Engineering Framework and Ductility Capacity Models for Buckling-Restrained Braces. NSEL report" (2008)
[33] Mergos, P.E., Beyer, K.: Developing cyclic loading protocols for regions of low to moderate seismicity, Vienna Congress on Recent Advances in Earchquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics (VEESD 2013), 10p. (2013)
[34] Zhao, J., Wu, B., Ou, J.: Effect of brace end rotation on the global buckling behaviour of pin-connected buckling-restrained braces with end collars, Engineering Structures, 40:240-253 (2012)
[35] Iwata, M., Murai, M.: Buckling-restrained brace using steel mortar planks; performance evaluation as a hysteretic damper, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 35:1807-1826 (2006)
[36] Takeuchi, T., Hajjar, J.F., Matsui, R., Nishimoto, K., Aiken, I.D.: Local buckling restraint condition for core plates in buckling restrained braces, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 66:139-149 (2010) [37] Takeuchi, T., Hajjar, J.F., Matsui, R., Nishimoto, K., Aiken, I.D.: Effect of local buckling core plate
restraint in buckling restrained braces, Engineering Structures, 44:304-311 (2012)
[38] Lin, P.-C., Tsai, K.-C., Wu, A.-C., Chuang, M.-C.: Seismic design and test of gusset connections for buckling restrained braced frames, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, (2013)
[39] Fahnestock, L.A., Ricles, J.M., Sause, R.: Experimental Evaluation of a Large Scale Buckling Restrained Braced Frame, Journal of Structural Engineering, 133:1205-1214 (2007)
[40] Tremblay, R., Bolduc, P., Neville, R., DeVall, R.: Seismic testing and performance of buckling-restrained bracing systems, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 33:183-198 (2006)
[41] Tsai, K.-C., Hsiao, P.-C., Wang, K.-J., Weng, Y.-T., Lin, M.-L., Lin, K.-C., Chen, C.-H., et al.: Pseudo- dynamic tests of a full-scale CFT/BRB frame - Part I: Specimen design, experiment and analysis, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 37:1081-1098 (2008)
[42] Tsai, K.-C., Hsiao, P.-C.: Pseudo-dynamic tests of a full-scale CFT/BRB frame - Part II: Seismic performance of buckling-restrained braces and connections, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 37:1099-1115 (2008)
[43] Lin, P.-C., Tsai, K.-C., Wang, K.-J., Yu, Y.-J., Wei, C.-Y., Wu, A.-C., Tsai, C.-Y., et al.: Seismic design and hybrid tests of a full-scale three-story buckling-restrained braced frame using welded end connections and thin profile, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 41:1001-1020 (2012) [44] Berman, J.W., Bruneau, M.: Cyclic Testing of a Buckling Restrained Braced Frame with Unconstrained
Gusset Connections, Journal of Structural Engineering, 135:1499-1510 (2009)
[45] Nicknam, A., Filiatrult, A.: Seismic Design and Testing of Propped Rocking Wall Systems, Proc. 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), Lisboa, 10p. (2012)
96
[46] Takeuchi, T., Midorikawa, M., Kasai, K., Deierlein, G., Ma, X., Hajjar, J.F., Hikino, T.: Shaking Table Test of Controlled Rocking Frames Using Multipurpose Test Bed, Proc. Eurosteel 2011 - 6th European Conference on Steel and Composite Structures, Budapest, 6p. (2011)
[47] Miller, D.J., Fahnestock, L.A., Eatherton, M.R.: Development and experimental validation of a nickel- titanium shape memory alloy self-centering buckling restrained brace, Engineering Structures, 40:288- 298 (2012)
[48] Usami, T., Wang, C.-L., Funayama, J.: Developing high-performance aluminum alloy buckling- restrained braces based on series of low-cycle fatigue tests, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 41:643-661 (2012)
[49] Chou, C.-C., Chen, S.-Y.: Subassemblage tests and finite element analyses of sandwiched buckling- restrained braces, Engineering Structures, 32:2108-2121 (2010)
[50] Della Corte, G., D'Aniello, M., Landolfo, R., Mazzolani, F.M.: Review of steel buckling-restrained braces, Steel Construction, 4:85-93 (2011)
[51] Zhao, J., Wu, B., Ou, J.: A novel type of angle steel buckling restrained brace Cyclic behavior and failure mechanism, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 40:1083-1102 (2011)
[52] Razvani, S.A., Mirghaderi, S.R., Hosseini, A., Shemshadian, M.E.: Reduced length buckling restrained brace using steel plates as restraining segment, Proc. 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), Lisboa, 10p. (2012)
[53] Palazzo, G., López-Almansa, F., Cahís, X., Crisafulli, F.: A low-tech dissipative buckling restrained brace.
Design, analysis, production and testing, Engineering Structures, 31:2152-2161 (2009)
[54] Mazzolani, F.M., Della Corte, G., D'Aniello, M.: Experimental analysis of steel dissipative bracing systems for seismic upgrading, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 15:7-11 (2009)
[55] Dubina, D., Bordea, S., Dinu, F.: Experimental and numerical investiagtion of non-seismic reinforced concrete frames strengthened with concentric steel braces, III ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COMPDYN 2011), 11p.
(2011)
[56] Recommended Testing Procedure for Assessing the Behaviour of Structural Steel Elements under Cyclic Loads., European Convention for Constructional Steelwork - Technical Committee 1 - Structural Safety and Loadings - Technical Working Group 1.3 - Seismic Design (1986)
[57] Budaházy, V.: Chaboche-based cyclic material model for steel and its numerical application, Proc. of 9th fib International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering, pp.555-560 (2012)
[58] Budaházy, V.: Modelling of the Hysteretic Behavior of Buckling Restrained Braces, Proc. of the Conference of Junior Researchers in Civil Engineering, pp.34-41 (2012)
[59] Kim, J., Choi, H.: Behavior and design of structures with buckling-restrained braces, Engineering Structures, 26:693-706 (2003)
[60] Apostolakis, G., Dargush, G.F.: Optimal seismic design of moment-resisting steel frames with hysteretic passive devices, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 39:355-376 (2010)
[61] Matteis, G.D., Landolfo, R., Mazzolani, F.M.: Seismic response of MR steel frames with low-yield steel shear panels, Engineering Structures, 25:155-168 (2003)
[62] Budaházy, V., Dunai, L.: Parameter-Rfreshed Chaboche Model for Mild Steel Cyclic Plasticity Behaviour, Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, (2013) (accepted for publication)
[63] ANSYS release 11 documentation, theory reference for ANSYS and ANSYS workbench 11., ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA (2007)
[64] ABAQUS. Standard user's manual: version 6.3., Hibbitt, Karlsson and Sorensen (2003)
[65] López, W.A., Sabelli, R.: Seismic Design of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames. Steel Tips, 78 (2004) [66] Nguyen, A.H., Chintanapakdee, C., Hayashikawa, T.: Assessment of current nonlinear static procedures
for seismic evaluation of BRBF buildings, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 66:1118-1127 (2010)
[67] Vaduva, M.G., Cretu, D.I.: "The use of buckling restrained braces for new and existing structures situated in seismic areas", PhD Thesis at the Technical University of Civil Engineering, Bucharest (2013) [68] Lara, O., Ventura, C.E., Suarez, V.A.: Cumulative damage study for the 2010 "blind prediction contest"
of a reinforced concrete bridge column, Proc. of 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 10p. (2012)
97
[69] Fahnestock, L.A., Sause, R., Ricles, J.M.: "Refined inelastic truss bar element with isotropic hardening for drain 2dx element, ATLSS Reports. ATLSS Reports", Civil and Environmental Engineering at Lehigh Preserve, Lehigh University (2004)
[70] Simon, J., Vigh, L.G.: Seismic assessment of an existing Hungarian highway bridge, Acta Technica Napocensis - Civil Engineering and Architecture, 56:43-57 (20113)
[71] McKenna, F., Feneves, G.L.: "Open system for earthquake engineering simulation", Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (2012)
[72] Menegotto, M., Pinto, P.: Method of Analysis for Cyclically Loaded Reinforced Concrete Plane Frames Including Changes in Geometry and Nonelastic Behavior of Elements under Combined Normal Force and Bending, IABSE Symposium on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well-Defined Repeated Loads, Final Report, Lisbon (1973)
[73] Prinz, G.S., Richards, P.W.: Seismic Performance of Buckling Restrained Braced Frames with Eccentric Configurations, Journal of Structural Engineering, 138:345-353 (2012)
[74] Zona, A., Dall'Asta, A.: Elastoplastic model for steel buckling-restrained braces, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 68:118-125 (2012)
[75] Wen, Y.K.: Method for random vibration of hysteretic systems, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 102:249-263 (1976)
[76] Karavasilis, T.L., Kerawala, S., Hale, E.: Hysteretic model for steel energy dissipation devices and evaluation of minimal damage seismic design approach for steel buildings, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 70:358-367 (2012)
[77] Kaliszky, S.: "Plasticity: Theory and engineering applications", Elsevier (1989)
[78] Filippou, F.C., Popov, E.P., Bertero, V.V.: "Effects of bond deterioration on hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete joints. EERC report", University of California, Berkeley, CA (1983)
[79] Lee, G., Chang, K.C.: The experimental basis of material constitutive laws of structural steel under cyclic and nonproportional loading, Proc. of Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures under Cyclic Loading, Osaka, Japan, pp.3-14 (2000)
[80] Budaházy, V., Dunai, L.: Steel Material Model Develpoment for Cyclic Analysis: Study and numerical examples. Proc EUROSTEEL 2011 - 6th European Conference on Steel and Composite Structures, pp.1107-1112 (2011)
[81] PEER NGA Database, Available at: http://peer.berkeley.edu/peer_ground_motion_database
[82] Matsuishi, M., Endo, T.: "Fatigue of metals subjected to varying stress", Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Fukuoka, Japan (1968)
[83] Coffin, L.F.: Trans. ASME 76. (1954)
[84] Manson, S.S.: Fatigue - A Complex Subject - Some Simple Approximations, Experimental Mechanics 5:193-226 (1964)
[85] Vigh, L.G., Deierlein, G. G., Miranda, E., Liel, A. B., Tipping, S.: Component model calibration for cyclic behavior of a corrugated shear wall, Thin-walled structures, 75: 53-62 (2014)
[86] Kim, J., Park, J., Kim, S.-D.: Seismic behavior factor of buckling restrained braced frames, Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 33:261-284 (2009)
[87] Mahmoudi, M., Zaree, M.: Evaluating response modification factors of concentrically braced steel frames, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 66:1196-1204 (2010)
[88] NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings, FEMA-273. (1997) [89] Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of existing concrete buildings, ATC-40. (1996)
[90] Krawinkler, H., Miranda, E.: Chapter 9 - Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering. In Bozorgnia, V., Bereto, V., eds. : Earthquake Engineering, CRC Press (2006)
[91] Deierlein, G.G.: Overview of a comprehensive framework for earthquake performance assessment, Performance-Based Seismic Design Concepts and Implementation - Proceedings of an International Workshop, Bled, Slovenia, pp.15-26 (2004)
[92] Haselton, C.B.: "Assessing Seismic Collapse Safety of Modern Reinforced Concrete Moment-Frame Buildings", Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California (2006)
[93] Ibarra, L.F., Krawinkler, H.: "Global Collapse of Frame Structures under Seismic Excitations. PEER report", University of California, Berkeley, CA (2005)
98
[94] Zareian, F., Krawinkler, H.: "Simplified Performance Based Earthquake Engineering", PhD Dissertation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (2006)
[95] Baker, J.W., Cornell, C.A.: Spectral shape, epsilon and record selection, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 35:1077-1095 (2006)
[96] Bojórquez, E., Iervolino, I.: Spectral shape proxies and nonlinear structural response, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 31:996-1008 (2011)
[97] Iervolino, I., De Luca, F., Cosenza, E.: Spectral shape-based assessment of SDOF nonlinear response to real, adjusted and artificial accelerograms, Engineering Structures, 32:2776-2792 (2010)
[98] Bradley, B.A.: A generalized conditional intensity measure approach and holistic ground-motion selection, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 39:1321-1342 (2010)
[99] Goulet, C.A., Haselton, C.B., Mitrani-Reisner, J., Beck, J.L., Deierlein, G.G., Porter, K.A., Stewart, J.P.:
Evaluation of the seismic performance of a code-conforming reinforced-concrete frame building - from seismic hazard to collapse safety and economic losses, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 36:1973-1997 (2007)
[100] Haselton, C.B., Deierlein, G.G.: "Assessing Seismic Collapse Safety of Modern Reinforced Concrete Moment-Frame Buildings, PEER report", University of California, Berkeley, CA (2007)
[101] Lee, J., Kim, J.: Seismic performance evaluation of staggered wall structures using FEMA P695 procedure, Magazine of Concrete Research, 65:1023-1033 (2013)
[102] Farahi, M., Mofid, M.: On the quantification of seismic performance factors of Chevron Knee Bracings in steel structures, Engineering Structures, 46:155-164 (2013)
[103] Baker, J.W.: Conditional Mean Spectrum - Tool for ground motion selection, Journal of Structural Engineering, 137:322-331 (2011)
[104] Lin, T., Haselton, C.B., Baker, J.W.: Conditional spectrum-based ground motion selection. Part I:
Hazard consistency for risk-based assessments, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics (2013)
[105] Lin, T., Haselton, C.B., Baker, J.W.: Conditional spectrum-based ground motion selection. Part II:
Intensity-based assessments and evaluation of alternative target spectra, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics (2013)
[106] Giardini, D., Woessner, J., Danciu, L., Crowley, H., Cotton, F., Grünthal, G., Pinho, R., et al.: Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe (SHARE): Online Data Resource (2013)
[107] Ting Lin: "Advancement of Hazard-consistent Ground Motion Selection Methodology", PhD Dissertation, Stanford University (2012)
[108] EN 1990:2002 Eurocode: Basis of structural design, CEN (2002)
[109] 2008 Interactive Deaggregations Earthquake Hazards Program, Available at:
https://geohazards.usgs.gov/deaggint/2008/
[110] European Facility for Earthquake Hazard and Risk (EFEHR), Available at: www.efehr.org
[111] Tessari, A.: "Novel Connection Design of a Pin-Connected Buckling Restrained Brace", Master Thesis, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck - Fakultät für Technische Wissenschaften, Innsbruck (2013) [112] AxisVM 12 User's Manual, Inter-CAD Kft, Budapest (2013)
[113] Kiureghian, A.D.: A Response Spectrum Method for Random Vibration Analysis of MDF Systems, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 9:419-435 (1981)
[114] Soós, M., Vigh, L.G.: On the Eurocode 8 limited damage criteria for non-structural elements - Analysis and requirements, Proc. 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), 10p. (2012) [115] Shome, N.: "Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis of Nonlinear Structures", PhD Dissertation (1999) [116] Balogh, T., Vigh, L.G.: Genetic algorithm based optimization of regular steel building structures
subjected to seismic effects, Proc. 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), Lisbon, 10p. (2012)
[117] Balogh, T., Vigh, L.G.: Cost Optimization of Concentric Braced Steel Building Structures,World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology, 78:1014-1023 (2013)
[118] Balogh, T.: Adjustment of genetic algorithm parameters for building structure optimization, Proc.
Second Conference of Junior Researchers in Civil Engineering, pp.41-48 (2013)
[119] Joint Committe on Structural Safety (JCSS): Probabilistic Model Code Part 1 - Basis of Design (2001) [120] Popov, E.P., Engelhardt, M.D.: Seismic eccentrically braced frames, Journal of Constructional Steel
Research, 10:321-354 (1988)
99
[121] Somogyi, G.: "Reliability analysis of multistory buildings for seismic loads", (in Hungarian), Master Thesis, BME, Department of Structural Engineering (2013)
[122] Chaboche, J.L.: Constitutive equations for cyclic plasticity and cyclic viscoplasticity, International Journal of Placticity, 5:247-302 (1989)
[123]Imaoka, S.: Chaboche Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening Model, Memo Number: STI0805A, (Accessed 2008), Available at: http://ansys.net/sheldon_tips/
[124] Landolfo, R. (Eds.): "Assessment of ECS Provisions for Seismic Design of Steel Structures.", ECCS TC13 Report, Coimbra, 74p. (2013)
100