afxazeTi XIII s-is 40-iani wlebidan XVs-is 90-ian wlebamde

1235-1242 wlebSi saqarTvelo monRolebma daipyres. monRolTa damangrevel laSqrobebs mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelo, maT Soris afxazeTis saerisTavo gadaurCa. 1245 wels rusudan mefe gardaicvala da saqarTveloSi umefobis xana

713 _{. l. axalaZe. afxazeTis epigrafika, rogorc saistorio wyaro, gv. 209.}

714 _{. gviani periodis warwerebSi gacilebiT meti qarTveli istoriuli piri aris dasaxelebuli.}

715 _{l. axalaZe. qarTuli damwerlobis paleografiuli maxasiaTeblebi afxazeTis epigrafikul ZeglebSi. _}

kulturaTaSorisi komunikaciebi, #1. Tb., 2007, gv. 32-39.

716 _{. es aris grigol galatozuxucesis XI s. warwera. ix. Sinaarsi fotoTi: l. axalaZe. afxazeTis}

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dadga. axladdapyrobil qveyanaSi monRolebi TavianTi mmarTvelobis SemoRebas Seecadnen da saqarTvelo rva dumnad (aTiaTaseulad) dayves. TiToeul am dumans `dumnis Tavebad~ qarTveli didebulebi Cauyenes. monRolebma dasavleT saqarTvelo, rogorc dumnis Tavebs samarTavad cotne dadiansa da raWis erisTavs gadasces.717

dumnisTavs, romelic monRolur noins Seesabameboda, Tavis sagamgeblo teri- toriaze sruli samoqalaqo da samxedro xelisufleba hqonda. safiqrebelia, rom monRolebma raWis erisTavs kaxaber kaxaberisZes sakuTriv raWis saerisTavos garda leCxumi da argveTi – teritoria lixis qedidan md. rionamde - dauqvemdebares. cotne dadians ki sagamgeblod gadasces svaneTis saerisTavo, md. kodoris saTaveebis dalis xeobasTan erTad, guria da saerTod saqarTvelos zRvispireTi dRevandeli samegrelosa da afxazeTis CaTvliT md. Woroxidan nikofsiamde.

monRolebi male darwmundnen, rom iseT ganviTarebul feodalur qveyanaSi, rogoric XIII s-Si saqarTvelo iyo, monRoluri administraciul-teritoriuli mmarTveloba ver gamodgeboda. amitom 1247 wels saqarTveloSi mefoba aRadgines da samefo taxtze erTdroulad ori mefe, daviT VI rusudanis Ze, igive daviT narini da daviT VII laSa-giorgis Ze aiyvanes.

saqarTvelos samefo taxtze erTdroulad ori mefe sul ramdenime weli ijda. Mmale daviT narini monRolebs aujanyda da quTaisSi gaiqca. istoriografiaSi daviT narinis monRolTa winaaRmdeg ajanyebis TariRad 1259 weli iTvleba. rogorc irkveva, es ajanyeba sul cota 6 wliT adre moxda. amas mowmobs safrangeTis mefis ludoviko IX-s elCis vilhelm de rubrukusis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. 1253-1254 wlebSi monRoleTSi da ukan mogzaurobis dros man saqarTvelos TiTqmis yoveli mxridan Semouara. vilhelm de rubrukusi SavizRvispireTis aRweris dros asaxelebs `iverias~ da aRniSnavs, rom `iverebi, romlebic trapizonis CrdiloeTiT cxovroben, `TaTrebs~ anu monRolebs ar emorCilebian.” Ppirvelma am cnobas yuradReba n. asaTianma miaqcia, romelmac daviT narinis antimonRoluri ajanyebis TariRad 1249 weli miiCnia.718

ajanyebuli daviT narini dasavleT saqarTvelos didebulebma didi sixaru- liT miiRes. `xolo viTar cnes afxazTa, suanTa, dadianTa, bedianman, raWis erisTavman da sruliad lixT-imerTa, – wers JamTaaRmwereli, _ Semokrbes sixa- ruliTa didiTa, da mefe yves rusudanis Ze afxazTa, vidre lixTamde~719. daviT narinis dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadasvliT saqarTvelos es nawili monRolTa batonobisgan gaTavisuflda, xolo erTiani saqarTvelos samefo faqtobrivad or – aRmosavlur da dasavlur qarTul samefoebad daiSala.

1261 wels daviT narins biZaSvili, monRolTa winaaRmdeg ajanyebuli daviT VII giorgi laSas Ze ewvia. cota xnis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos didebulTa erTi nawili daviT narinis taxtidan Camogdebas da mis nacvlad daviT VII –is gamefebas Seecada. am SinaaSlilobis Jams daviT rusudanis Zes bolomde uerTgula bedianma juanSeris Zem, romelic iyo `kaci warmatebuli yovelTa zniTa, ux umetes yovelTa kacTa, sruli gonierebiTa~.720

TxzulebaSi moxseniebuli bediani juanSeris Ze odiSis erisTavi bedan II da- diania.721_{Mmisi daxmareba daviT narinisTvis gadamwyveti aRmoCnda. daviT VII}

giorgis Ze iZulebuli gaxda, erTiani saqarTvelos orad gayofas Serigeboda

717 _{. qarTlis cxovreba, t. II, gv. 207-208.}

718 _{. . П . , . . . - ., 1911,}

gv. 66-67; n asaTiani. saqarTvelos istoria uZvelesi droidan XIX saukunemde. Tb., 2001, gv. 220-221.

719 _{. qarTlis cxovreba, t. II, gv. 229.} 720 _{. iqve, gv. 243.}

721 _{. T. beraZe. odiSis politikuri geografiidan. - saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiis krebuli, III. Tb.,}

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da dasavleT saqarTvelos taxtzec uari eTqva. 1262 wels is aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gadmovida da monRolebs Seurigda.

daviT narinma bedan II dadiani da saerTod dadianTa sagvareulo uxvad daa- jildova. Mmefem am sagvareulos qristianobis uZvirfasesi relikviebi uboZa da didgvarovanTa sxva sagvareuloebTan SedarebiT ufro maRal pativSi aiyvana. daviT narinis mxardaWeriT odiSis saerisTavo dasavleT saqarTvelos uZlieres saerisTavod gadaiqca.

daviT narinis xanaSi dRevandeli afxazeTis teritoria oTx saerisTavos So- ris iyo ganawilebuli. SavizRvispireTi mdinareebs engurs da kodors Soris odiSis erisTavs eqvemdebareboda. mdinare kodoris saTaveebi ki (dalis xeoba) svaneTis saerisTavoSi Sedioda. mdinare kodoris Crdilo-dasavleTiT anakofiis CaTvliT cxomis//cxumis saerisTavo mdebareobda. kidev ufro Crdilo- dasavleTiT mdinare nikofsiamde (amJamad neCefsuxo) afxazeTis saerisTavo vrceldeboda.

1293 wels daviT narini gardaicvala da samefo taxti misma Zem konstantinem daikava. Mmisi mefobis istorias vaxuSti batoniSvili agviwers, rogorc dasavleT saqarTveloSi mudmivi anarqiis xanas. `Semdgomad narin mefisa dajda mefed Ze daviTisa uxucesi konstantine, --- wers igi. – amas kostantines winaaRudga Zma TÂsi miqel da ara utevebda mefobad da pyrobad imereTisa da miqel daipyra raWa, leCxumi da argueTi da aqundaT dReTa maTTa maradis brZola – Sliloba da SfoTi da Ãdoma urTierTTa da iyo oxreba queyanisa. amisTÂs SeiWirvebden didebulni amis samefosani da vera riTa hyves zavi maT Soris~1_{. is mcireodeni saistorio masalac, romelic damatebiT konstantine}

daviT narinis Zis Sesaxeb SemogvrCa, srulebiTac ar mowmobs iseT unugeSo viTarebas, rogoric misi mefobis Sesaxeb vaxuSti bagrationma dagvixata.

rogorc irkveva, konstantine daviTis Zis mefobis epoqa dasavleT saqarT- veloSi kulturis aRmavlobis xanaa. magaliTad, XIII-XIV saukuneTa mijnaze aSenda da moixata xobis cnobili taZari. swored drois am monakveTSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi bizantiidan mxatvrobaSi Semovida sruliad axali `paleologosTa skolis~ stili, romelic aRorZinebis xanis mxatvrobis winamorbeds warmoadgens.Aam stiliT aris xelaxla moxatuli gelaTis taZari swored XIIIs-is miwurulSi. rogorc irkveva, saerTod konstantine daviT narinis Zem samefoSi didi samSeneblo-sarestavracio samuSaoebi Caatara. mis dros aigo bediis taZris samreklo, xolo TviT taZari faqtobrivad xelaxla aSenda da Signidan moixata.Aamas mowmobs bediis samreklos dasavleT kedelSi Casmuli warwera: `q.adiden RmerTman mefeTa mefe kostantine, Ze daviTisi, amen.~ amave samreklos aRmosavleTis Sesavlis Tavze amokveTil warweraSi moxseniebulni arian `nikoloz bedieli~ da `sofron bedieli~, romlebic konstantine daviT narinis Zis xanaSi mefesTan erTad bediis taZris rekonsrtuqciis Taosnebi iyvnen.2

rogorc irkveva, saeklesio centrebs dRevandeli afxazeTis teritoriaze XIII-XIV saukuneebis mijnaze didi wvlili SehqondaT sruliad saqarTvelos kulturul cxovrebaSi. Aam xanis qarTuli xelnaweri wignebidan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia daniel moqvis mTavarepiskoposis dakveTiT moqvis taZarSi 1300 wels gadawerili saxareba, romelic 157 miniaturiTa da 531 sazedao asoTia Semkuli.

konstantine daviT narinis Zem gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa mizgiTad qceuli ierusalimis jvris monastris qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis dabrunebis saqmeSi. rogorc irkveva, misi saxsrebiT muslimTa xelidan gamoxsnili es taZari xelaxla moixata da moikazma. amas mowmobs ierusalimis