Existe uma expectativa pela quebra de paradigma em relação ao uso da nanotecnologia na indústria de petróleo e gás, mas ela é limitada devido aos desafios na sua aplicação. Na última década a indústria de óleo e gás testemunhou um aumento nas pesquisas sobre o uso da nanotecnologia com grande potencial em operações de perfuração, recuperação aprimorada de óleo (EOR), caracterização de reservatórios, produção, redução de impacto no meio ambiente e etc, evidenciando o quão importante é olhar para as vantagens e desvantagens da nanotecnologia em relação a outros métodos convencionais.
É preciso, porém, atentar para a viabilidade de projeto, levando-se em consideração o preço do barril de petróleo (se há viabilidade econômica dos ativos) e o ambiente de poços e reservatórios, haja vista que as nanopartículas se comportam de forma diferente em cada ambiente.
Para promover a aplicação de nanopartículas em poços de petróleo são necessárias mais pesquisas que melhorem a previsibilidade de suas aplicações e as consequências do seu uso, bem como a viabilidade na escala de campo.
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