Os EEP coletados de colmeias das cidades peruanas de Tacna, Arequipa e Lambayeque mostraram conteúdo de compostos fenólicos na faixa de 507,1 mg EAG mL-1 até 6603,8 mg EAG mL-1. Os EEP das três regiões estudadas apresentaram teores de flavonoides na faixa de 0,47 mg EC mL-1 até 9,01 mg EC mL-1,sendo que o EEP de Tacna apresentou maior concentração em compostos fenólicos e flavonoides.
Os EEP apresentaram atividade antioxidante sendo obtidos valores na faixa de 49,3±5.4 até 46,7±1,9 µmol ET mL-1 , utilizando-se o ensaio da FRAP. Os EEP de Lambayeque foram mais efetivos na redução de ferro. No entanto, todos os extratos etanólicos de própolis apresentaram alta capacidade de absorção de radicais de oxigênio (ORAC), sendo obtidos valores na faixa de 245,65±33,4 µmol ET mL-1 até 267,48 ±26,5 µmol ET mL-1. As própolis comerciais peruanas apresentaram baixa atividade antioxidante em ambos os ensaios. As própolis peruanas das três regiões apresentaram capacidade inibitória contra alguns micro-organismos testados. Em relação à capacidade mínima inibitória dos extratos de própolis para os micro-organismos testados foi obtido valor mínimo de 39,1 μg mL-1 e máximo de 2500 μg mL-1. Foi obtida maior atividade antimicrobiana das própolis para a linhagem S. aureus (MIC 39,1 μg mL-1). Para bactérias Gram (-) E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis os valores de MIC foram entre 625 μg mL-1 até 2500 μg mL-1. Para os fungos P. roqueforti e P. paneum os valores de MIC foram obtidos valores entre 625 até 2500 μg mL-1. As própolis peruanas não foram efetivas contra a S. cerevisiae.
Por meio das análises EASI-MS foram identificados os compostos quercetina, pinocembrina, caemferide e artipilin C nas amostras de própolis peruanas, que foram confirmadas com padrões.Por meio dos resultados de EASI-MS e comparação com dados da literatura sugere-se que vanilina, isobutil cinnamato, ácido mirístico, tetradecanoato de metilo, α-santonina, artimisina, pinobanksin 3-O-acetato, acacetina, sakuranetina, ramnetina, quercetina 3,7-dimetil éter, 4,5- ácido di-O-cafeoilquinico, metil 3,4-dicafeoilquinico e ácido palmítico podem estar presentes nos extratos etanólicos de própolis peruanas.
De acordo a análises de PCA foi possível classificar as própolis peruanas em cinco grupos, sendo que cada grupo apresenta marcadores químicos bem diferenciados. Não foi
possível identificar a fonte botânica para os dois primeiros grupos de própolis. Para as própolis do grupo 3, obtidas da região de Lambayeque, as plantas Baccharis triconeata e Alnus acuminate foram identificadas como potenciais fontes botânicas.
As própolis comerciais KI, K2, K3 e K4 apresentaram compostos não detectados nas própolis brutas das três regiões estudadas.
Os resultados obtidos revelam que no Peru existem diversos tipos de própolis ainda não exploradas com melhores características químicas e biológicas comparadas com própolis comercializadas no mercado peruano.
Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho contribuem para a caracterização química das própolis peruanas e para o desenvolvimento de padrões de rastreabilidade e controle de qualidade para matérias-primas e produtos de própolis. No entanto, mais investigações são necessárias para identificar as fontes botânicas das própolis peruanas de outras regiões e elucidar as propriedades biológicas dos compostos presentes nos extratos etanólicos de própolis.
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