The Relationship betweenthe Job Search Efficacy and Job Search Beliefs with Employability

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International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research (IJBR) ISSN 0976-2612, Online ISSN 2278–599X,

Vol-7, Special Issue-Number4-June, 2016, pp811-814 http://www.bipublication.com

Research Article

The Relationship betweenthe Job Search Efficacy and Job Search

Beliefs with Employability

Motahareh Moosavi Dastjerdi Motaharehmosavi9@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

The purpose of this study was to investigation the relationship between the job search efficacy and job search beliefs with employability. Method of research was correlation and Population in this study is all of the students of University of Esfahan who were studying in 2014- 2015. The sample research consists of 100 students from university of Esfahan that selected stratified random sampling (50 male and 50 female). Assessment tools consisted of employability scale, job search efficacy scale and job search beliefs scale. The data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The result showed that employability was positively related with job search efficacy and job search beliefs. Also analysis of regression revealed that job search efficacy and job search beliefs could predict the employability in this group.

Keywords: Employability, job search efficacy, job search beliefs.

INTRODUCTION

Employability is a concept which has been discussed to encounter career insecurity, Once career insecurity was met by lifetime presence of one in a particular organization (Forrier&Sels, 2003). At that time, development was defined by words such as consistency, career security and vertical development (Brown, Hesketh& Williams, 2003; cited by McArdle et. al., 2006) and employees construct their career by going up the hierarchical ladder (Forrier&Sels, 2003). But, today labor world is described by inconsistency, continuous changing and unemployment courses. Thus, employees and employers encounter some challenges to overcome this inconsistent labor world and cannot experience career security as its previous meaning.

According to career insecurity outcomes for employees, their career security should be met in another way. Thus, employability is introduced in labor world as a career security support and supplier, rather than lifetime employment. It can be said that employability is a new security that if people attain and maintain it, they will have employability in another place when they lose their job (Finn, 2000).

Employability concept in different areas is used both for people who are employed and people who are looking for a job (Confederation Of British Industry (CBI), 1996).

Fugaeet. al. (2004) defined employability as a self-centered social psychological structure which is apart from the person's employment status. It means that a person may be employable, without being necessarily present at that job. They define employability as the person's ability to identify and realize career opportunity within and among organizations. Another essential skill for individuals who are looking for a job is job search skill. Job searchingneeds job search activity, job search efficacy and job search belief that totally form job search behavior and consequently, by increasing job search behavior, finding a job will be easy (Saks &Ashforth, 1999).

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The Relationship betweenthe Job Search Efficacy and Job Search Beliefs with Employability

Motahareh Moosavi Dastjerdi 812 HaghShenas et. al. 2010). Job search efficacy

refers to one's confidence to his or her capability and ability (Bendora, 1997; elicited by Saks &Ashforth, 1999). According to what was noted about employability and believes and job search efficacy, the purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between Esfahan University students' employability and believes and job search efficacy.

Methodology and Tools

Job search believes scale, constructed by Salehi (2005), consist of 10 questions and each question has 5 items of totally agree, agree, relatively agree, disagree and totally disagree. This scale measure positive and negative searching scales. Salehi (2005) reported the scale 0/89, by using Cron Bach's Alpha Method.

In the present study the job searching efficacy questionnaire's reliability estimated 0/90.

Employability scale constructed by Fugate and Kinicki(2008). This scale includes 25 registers and each question has 5 items of totally agree, agree, relatively agree, disagree and totally disagree. Fugate and Kinicki (2008) reported the scale by Cron Bach's Alpha Method 0/76. Correlation of this scale reported by positive emotion's scale of 1Folkman& Lazarus (1988) of 0/93 and by effective commitment to organizational changes of Herscovitc& Meyer (2002) of 0/95 (elicited by Fugate and Kinicki 2008). It is noteworthy that this scale reliability in the presents study was estimated 0/79. Data was examines by using correlational coefficient and stepwise regression analysis.

Findings

Primarily descriptive findings of the three variables are presented

Table 1: descriptive findings of the study variables

Variable Mean SD

Employability ₁₀₃_/₇₅ ₁₁_/₂₆ Job search belief ₅₁_/₄₄ ₅_/₁₈

Job search efficacy ₃₈_/₁₅ ₆_/₂₈

According to the study hypothesis of the relationship between job search believes and job search efficacy, Pearson's correlational coefficient indicated a direct relation between job search believes and employability (p<000/1 r=0/43) and job search efficacy and employability (p< p<000/1 r=0/53), it means that higher the score of an individual in job search belief and job search efficacy variables, the higher status of his or her employability. Thus the study hypothesis is confirmed.

To determine the effect of each variable (job search belief and job search efficacy) on employability variance, stepwise multi-regression was used. This analysis results are presented in Table 2.

Table 2: summary of stepwise regression analysis to express criterion variable based on predicting variables

Variables' model R multi-correlational coefficient

R² Determinant coefficient

Modified correlation coefficient

Estimation standard error First step (job search

efficacy) 0/54 0/29 0/28 9/07

Second step (job search efficacy/ job

search belief )

57 /

0 0/32 0/31 8/92

Content of Table 2 indicated that during the two steps, two components of job search efficacy and job search beliefhave multi-correlation with employability that based on the importance of the order of predicting variables in regression analysis, in the first step job search efficacy can predict employability by determinant coefficient of 0/29.

In the second step, by adding job search belief to job search efficacy, determinant coefficient reached to 32%, that we could say that this variable is able to predict employability with 3%. Thus, according to the content of determinant coefficient column which is presented, we can say that 32% of employability changes can be predicted by regression model of job search efficacy and job search belief. The following table shows regression coefficient for predicting employability.

Table 3: regression coefficients for predicting employability wellbeing

variable Raw coefficient

Standard coefficient T

Statistical significance

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Motahareh Moosavi Dastjerdi 813 Consistent amount 23 / 68 76 / 5 84 / 11 000 / 0

Job search efficacy 94 / 0 14 / 0 54 / 0 39 / 6 000 / 0 Consistent amount 01 / 53 32 / 9 68 / 5 000 / 0

job search efficacy 79 / 0 16 / 0 45 / 0 82 / 4 000 / 0

Job search belief 40 / 0 19 / 0 19 / 0 05 / 2 04 / 0

As indicated in table 3, the two variables of job search efficacy and job search belief, were entered into the regression equation to predict employability; it means that there is a relationship between job search efficacy with B coefficient of 0/54 and employability in a significance level (p<0/0001) and there is a relationship between job search belief with B coefficient of 0/19 and employability in a significance level (p<0/04). The result shows that the increase of job search efficacy and improvement of lob search belief predict students' employability.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

As result indicated, job search efficacy and job search belief can predict employability by degree of 29% and 32%, respectively. This finding is congruent with Mc Quaid (2006), Mc Ardle (2006), based on the existence of a relationship between job search and employability.The present study is also congruent with Bernston, Naswall&Sverke (2007), Nauta et.al. (2009), based on the existence of a relationship between efficacy and employability, In today's work environment inconsistent periods, job search change into an important passage for many employees (Fugate, 2006). Research show that adaptability and dynamic personality is related to people involving in work market, control feeling, optimism, information searching, creativity and efficacy which reinforce them to undertake job search duty (Mc Ardle et. al. 2006).

Job search behavior is influenced by some personal differences such as personal treats (Theo five elements theory), general expectations (control and optimistic source), motivations, social background and biographic variables like age, sex, training, ethic, current job and etc. these personal differences affect self-regulation. These personal differences affect self-regulation, and self-regulation affects job search behaviors. Employability affectspersonal differences and self-regulation process affects

job search behavior (Fugate, 2006).Employable people by predicting the possibility of losing their jobs, identify reworking goals (opportunities) dynamically and these opportunities are guided by their career. Employable people also use multi-ways to search information and this issue improves their job search efficacy (Fugate, 2006).

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