Hindcasting to measure ice sheet model sensitivity to initial states

Consequences of a warmer climate on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass balance will be a thickening inland, due to increased solid precipitation, and a thinning at the GrIS

(1998) is typical, it yields a loss rate of 0.14 % a − 1 if applied to the whole Greenland ice perimeter divided by Greenland ice area, or 0.006 % a − 1 if applied to the

Northern Hemisphere ice sheets simulated by the GRISLI model at 18 ka BP, prior to Heinrich event 1, in terms of ice thickness (a) , ice velocities (b) and subsurface (550–1050 m)

4, we finally compare the magnitude and pacing of past temperature changes reconstructed from deep ice cores to the changes simulated by coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea- ice models

Vertical thinning due to ice flow has been estimated both for the EDC and Dome Fuji ice cores based on a 1-D ice flow model (Parrenin et al., 2007b) with prescribed ice

The mean values and uncertainties of snow depth and ice and snow densities, determined for FY ice and MY ice, were used to calculate the total error in ice thickness retrieval

the lower ablation zone albedo returned to near-normal values in July 2010, since high melt occurs here every year, in the higher regions of the ablation zone it remained at least

indicate our constraints: error values < 20 % for ice thickness, a 45 to 65 % range for mass balance partition and an Eemian to present-day surface elevation reduction of ≤ 430 m