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2 para crescimento da mídia online”

Paulo Pastor Monteiro

As primeiras imagens dos atentados de 11 de Setembro de

2001 foram fornecidas pela televisão. A cena das duas torres

do World Trade Center em chamas e, depois, desmoronando

como blocos de papel, rodou o mundo e contribuiu para

sedimentaxr na memória de milhões os maiores ataques

terroristas da história. No entanto, o atentado nos EUA foi o

primeiro acontecimento global que a opinião pública não só

acompanhou pela TV, como usou em massa a internet como

fonte de informação.

Para ser ter uma idéia da movimentação online, cerca de

80% das 500 palavras mais procuradas no dia estavam

relacionadas ao atentado, revela um estudo elaborado pelo

professor Ramón Salaverría, da Universidade de Navarra.

Após fazer um extenso levantamento e observação de como

foi a cobertura no dia e na semana, Salaverría conclui que o

trabalho da imprensa realizado pela imprensa foi decisivo no

desenvolvimento dos canas de comunicação online.

(43)

3 Portanto, não havia ainda, propriamente dito, um jornalismo

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como os do New York Times e da MSNBC, no dia dos ataques,

perderam velocidade de navegação e a CNN mudou o seu

layout para manter a acessibilidade.

Na semana seguinte ao ataque, de acordo com os dados do

professor Salaverria, os sites de notícias norte-americanos

registraram 11,7 milhões de acesso por dia, praticamente o

dobro da semana anterior à da queda das torres, que contou

com seis milhões de acessos. O portal da rede britânica BBC

passou de 142 mil acessos diários para mais de 500 mil e a

norte-americana CNN tornou-se o sexto site mais visitado dos

EUA com 4,6 milhões de visitantes por dia.

Formas de comunicação

Para o professor Sérgio Amadeu, da Universidade Federal

do ABC e um dos principais ativistas da internet no Brasil, o

atentado evidenciou a importância da comunicação em rede

e as possibilidades que ela oferece no processo de acesso,

produção e divulgação de informações.

“No dia, o acesso físico à ilha foi praticamente inviabilizado, e a

comunicação tradicional se tornou bastante instável. Então, os

jornalistas buscaram, por meio da internet, estabelecer contato

com as pessoas que estavam lá. Isso demonstrou, de maneira

bem clara, que as informações em rede circulam mais rápido e,

em alguns casos, ela é a melhor maneira de descobrir detalhes

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Luis Egypto, redator-chefe do Observatório da Imprensa,

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(44)

4 por e-mail, é um dos indicadores das mudanças apontadas

por Egypto, que ocorrem na forma como se produz informação

devido ao amadurecimento do jornalismo online.

Segundo ele, atualmente, é a internet e, não mais os jornais

impressos, que a sociedade procura para encontrar o hard

news – as notícias mais recentes, em jargão jornalístico. “Hoje

é a internet que tem a primazia da notícia”, analisou.

Outra mudança fruto da consolidação da internet como

plataforma de informação foi a quebra do tradicional padrão

da comunicação. Antes da internet, todo processo de

(45)

5 Idelber Avelar, professor da Universidade de Tulane, em Nova

Orleans (Estados Unidos), explica que os textos em blogs

novaiorquinos, postados logo após a queda das torres, são o

primeiro exemplo de cobertura massiva na internet sobre um

fato histórico.

“Naquela hora de muita confusão, em que as redes de TV não

sabiam o que fazer a não ser reprisar ad nauseam as imagens

dos aviões se chocando contra as torres, os blogs trouxeram

uma perspectiva pessoal, mais arejada, com detalhes, em

tempo real.”, recordou Avelar.

Para ele, como a maior parte dos blogs é pessoal, a

objetividade e neutralidade de jornalistas em grandes veículos

foram colocadas em xeque. “Porém, os blogs ainda não

conseguem sair do círculo vicioso de somente comentar, avaliar

e criticar notícias apuradas pela grande mídia”, disse. A saída,

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De fato, o conteúdo jornalístico da blogosfera prima pelo caráter

opinativo e de análise dos acontecimentos. Em alguns casos, isso

cria um espaço que vai na contra-mão da pretensa pluralidade

da web. Por exemplo, se um blogueiro é de ‘esquerda’, em

geral seus leitores são de ‘esquerda’, quando de ‘direita’ os seus

seguidores compartilham de opiniões políticas similares.

Farra tecnológica

“A agilidade da rede, a capacidade de disseminação de

conteúdo e a velocidade são elementos extremamente

(46)

6 de comunicação online passaram a se preocupar em construir

uma narrativa que integrasse texto, imagem e som, ao invés

de, por exemplo, apenas publicar uma notícia com texto e um

áudio sem estabelecer um elo entre estas duas mídias.

“Após o 11 de setembro, observou-se que alguns meios de

comunicação online começaram a produzir informações,

usando diferente mídias, que compartilhavam o mesmo código

e produziam um discurso único”, mostra o estudo.

Credibilidade

Os erros de informação ocasionados pela velocidade com que

são produzidas as notícias nos meios online, bem como ações

de grupos que inventam e espalham notícias falsas, criaram

uma imagem de que os meios de comunicação online teriam

menos credibilidade que a televisão ou jornal impresso.

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aperfeiçoamento das redações e o desenvolvimento do

jornalismo online, a cobertura dos fatos feitos pelas mídias

na internet gozam, perante o público, do mesmo nível de

credibilidade que qualquer outra mídia.

Para Egypto, o anonimato e o descomprometimento de alguns

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Porém, avalia que os meios onlines já estão bem organizados

e em relação a credibilidade eles se igualam as outras

plataformas.

Segundo Amadeu, a credibilidade é uma preocupação que

sempre vai existir no jornalismo. “Assim como há jornais com

ou mais ou menos credibilidade, há sites e blogs nos quais se

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(47)

(48)