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On the long run effects of barriers to trade

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(1)

❊♥s❛✐♦s ❊❝♦♥ô♠✐❝♦s

❊s❝♦❧❛ ❞❡

Pós✲●r❛❞✉❛çã♦

❡♠ ❊❝♦♥♦♠✐❛

❞❛ ❋✉♥❞❛çã♦

●❡t✉❧✐♦ ❱❛r❣❛s

◆◦ ✹✸✻ ■❙❙◆ ✵✶✵✹✲✽✾✶✵

❖♥ t❤❡ ▲♦♥❣ ❘✉♥ ❊✛❡❝ts ♦❢ ❇❛rr✐❡rs t♦ ❚r❛❞❡

P❡❞r♦ ❈❛✈❛❧❝❛♥t✐ ●♦♠❡s ❋❡rr❡✐r❛✱ ❆❧❜❡rt♦ ❚r❡❥♦s

❖✉t✉❜r♦ ❞❡ ✷✵✵✶

(2)

❖s ❛rt✐❣♦s ♣✉❜❧✐❝❛❞♦s sã♦ ❞❡ ✐♥t❡✐r❛ r❡s♣♦♥s❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞❡ ❞❡ s❡✉s ❛✉t♦r❡s✳ ❆s

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❋✉♥❞❛çã♦ ●❡t✉❧✐♦ ❱❛r❣❛s✳

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❉✐r❡t♦r ❞❡ ❊♥s✐♥♦✿ ▲✉✐s ❍❡♥r✐q✉❡ ❇❡rt♦❧✐♥♦ ❇r❛✐❞♦ ❉✐r❡t♦r ❞❡ P❡sq✉✐s❛✿ ❏♦ã♦ ❱✐❝t♦r ■ss❧❡r

❉✐r❡t♦r ❞❡ P✉❜❧✐❝❛çõ❡s ❈✐❡♥tí✜❝❛s✿ ❘✐❝❛r❞♦ ❞❡ ❖❧✐✈❡✐r❛ ❈❛✈❛❧❝❛♥t✐

❈❛✈❛❧❝❛♥t✐ ●♦♠❡s ❋❡rr❡✐r❛✱ P❡❞r♦

❖♥ t❤❡ ▲♦♥❣ ❘✉♥ ❊❢❢❡❝ts ♦❢ ❇❛rr✐❡rs t♦ ❚r❛❞❡✴

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✭❊♥s❛✐♦s ❊❝♦♥ô♠✐❝♦s❀ ✹✸✻✮

■♥❝❧✉✐ ❜✐❜❧✐♦❣r❛❢✐❛✳

(3)

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