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Department of Mechanical Engineering
Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering, Koparkhairane, Navi Mumbai (India)
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Asst. Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering, Koparkhairane, Navi Mumbai (India)
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Fuels:
:HGHVFULEHIXHODVDVXEVWDQFHZKLFKLVPDGHWRUHDFWWRUHOHDVHFKHPLFDOHQHUJ\IRUSHUIRUPLQJXVHIXOZRUN
)XHOVIRU,&HQJLQHDUHFODVVLILHGDVEHORZ
1. Conventional Fuel
D &UXGH2LO'HULYHG L 3HWURO LL 'LHVHO E 2WKHUVRXUFHV
L
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6KDOH2. Alternate Fuels
D
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E
%LRPDVVGHULYHG L (WKDQRO LL %LRGLHVHO LLL %LRJDV LY (OHFWULFLW\ Y +\GURJHQConventional Fuels:
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1 Diesel
3URSHUWLHVRIIXHO 8QLW 'LHVHO
.LQHPDWLF9LVFRVLW\DW& F6W
6SHFLILFJUDYLW\DW&
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3RXUSRLQW &
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Advantages
x ,WLVXVHGDVIXHOLQVSDUNLJQLWLRQHQJLQHV
x ,WKDVKLJKFRPSUHVVLRQUDWLRWKDQ*DVROLQH,WKDVFRPSUHVVLRQUDWLRRIWR
x ,WKDVKLJKHULJQLWLRQ7HPSHUDWXUH
Disadvantages
x &ROGVWDUWLQJRIHQJLQHUXQQLQJRQGLHVHOLVGLIILFXOW
x (PLVVLRQLVQRWFOHDQ
2 Biodiesel
%LRGLHVHO LV PDGH IURP 1RQHGLEOH VRXUFHV VXFK DV 0DKXD RLO (XFDO\SWXV 2LO HWF %LRGLHVHO LV REWDLQHG E\ WUDQVHVWHULILFDWLRQSURFHVVDVE\SURGXFWRIJO\FHURO%XWUDWKHUWKDQXVLQJSXUHELRGLHVHOLWLVEOHQGHGWRLPSURYHLWV SURSHUWLHV
Advantages
x ,WKDVORZFRVW
x &HWDQHQXPEHULVKLJK
x &OHDQ6PRNHLVSURGXFHG
x ,WLVELRGHJUDGDEOH
3 Hydrogen
+\GURJHQLVDOVREHLQJXVHGDVIXHOZLWKVRPHPRGLILFDWLRQV0HWKRGVRISURGXFWLRQLQFOXGH(OHFWURO\VLVHWF
Advantages
x +\GURJHQPL[WXUHEXUQVDWDIDVWHUUDWHWKDQJDVROLQHPL[WXUH
x &OHDQ([KDXVWLVSURGXFHG
x 6HOILJQLWLRQ7HPSHUDWXUHLVKLJK
7KHDERYHOLVWHGIXHOVFDQEHXVHGDVDVXEVWLWXWHIRUGLHVHO JDVROLQHIXHOV
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Materials-Mahua oil, Dimethyl Carbonate, Test Engine Engine Specifications
3DUWLFXODUV 'HVFULSWLRQ
(QJLQH7\SH VWURNHVLQJOHF\OLQGHUZDWHUFRROHGGLHVHOHQJLQH
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6WURNHOHQJWK PP
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5DWHGVSHHG USP
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Experimental Procedure
0DKXDRLOLVKHDWHGXSWR&DQGWKHQWUDQVHVWHULILFDWLRQLVGRQH%LRGLHVHODQGJO\FHUROLVREWDLQHGELRGLHVHO LVZDVKHGZLWKGLVWLOOHGZDWHUWRUHPRYHDFLG7RUHPRYHPRLVWXUHLWLVKHDWHGDERYH&7KXVFOHDQ0DKXD ELRGLHVHOLVREWDLQHG
3HUIRUPDQFH HPLVVLRQFKDUDFWHULVWLFVZHUHVWXGLHGE\FRPSDULQJ0DKXDRLOPHWK\OHVWHUDQGGLHVHO1XPEHURI WHVWVZHUHFDUULHGRXWVXFKDVVSHFLILFJUDYLW\IODVKSRLQWILUHSRLQWSRXUSRLQWFORXGSRLQWDVKSRLQWHWF$VKZDV H[WUDFWHGWRPHDVXUHDVKFRQWHQW6SHHGZDVNHSWFRQVWDQWDWUSP%RWKIXHOVZHUHDOORZHGWRSDVVWKURXJK HQJLQHWKHQڦEWKڦLWKEVIFH[KDXVWJDVWHPSZHUHFDOFXODWHG
3URSHUWLHVRIIXHO 8QLW 'LHVHO 0DKXDELRGLHVHO
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3RXUSRLQW &
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&DORULILF9DOXH .-.J.
Result
1 Brake thermal efficiency-
7KHIROORZLQJUHVXOWVRI%7(ZHUHREWDLQHG,QWKHLQLWLDOVWDJH%7(LQFUHDVHGZLWKLQFUHDVHLQORDGXSWR EXWLWGHFUHDVHVDWIXOOORDG+HUH'LHVHOKDVKLJKHVW%7(WKDQEOHQGHGELRGLHVHO
7KH7DEOHVKRZV%7(IRUIXOOORDG
)XHOXVHG %7(LQ
'LHVHO
%
%
%
%
2 Brake specific fuel consumption-
,W LV REVHUYHG WKDW %6)& ILUVW GHFUHDVHV XS WR RI ORDG WKHQ LW LQFUHDVHV IRU IXOO ORDG 3XUH %LRGLHVHO KDV KLJKHVW%6)&%XWWKLVFDQEHLPSURYHGE\XVLQJDGGLWLYH
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)XHOXVHG %6)&LQ.J.:KU
'LHVHO
%
%
%
%
3 Exhaust gas temperatures-
(*7 LQFUHDVHV ZLWK LQFUHDVH LQ ORDG IRU GLHVHO DQG WHVW IXHOV 'LHVHO KDV PLQLPXP (*7 WKDQ RWKHU WHVW IXHOV :KHUHDVLWLVPD[LPXPIRUSXUHELRGLHVHO
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)XHOXVHG 7HPSLQ&
'LHVHO
%
%
%
%
4-Hydrocarbon & NOx Emission
,WLVREVHUYHGWKDW+&HPLVVLRQLQFUHDVHVZLWKORDGIRUDOOWHVWIXHOV%LRGLHVHOSURGXFHVORZ+&HPLVVLRQVDV FRPSDUHG WR GLHVHO %XW ZLWK LQFUHDVH LQ DGGLWLYH +& HPLVVLRQ LQFUHDVHV EHFDXVH RI ORZ F\OLQGHU SUHVVXUH WHPSHUDWXUHFDXVLQJORZEXUQLQJUDWH
12[ LQFUHDVHV ZLWK LQFUHDVH LQ WHPSHUDWXUH DQG LQFUHDVHV ZLWK LQFUHDVH LQ HQJLQH ORDG,W LV KLJKHVW IRUSXUH ELRGLHVHOEHFDXVHRIKLJKR[\JHQFRQWHQWUHVXOWLQJLQFRPSOHWHFRPEXVWLRQ:LWKLQFUHDVHLQDGGLWLYHPL[WXUH12[ HPLVVLRQGHFUHDVHV
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x %7(LQFUHDVHVZLWKLQFUHDVHLQRIDGGLWLYHLQ0DKXDELRGLHVHO%7(LVOHVVIRUSXUHELRGLHVHO
x %6)&LVKLJKHVWIRUSXUHELRGLHVHOEXWGHFUHDVHVZLWKLQFUHDVHLQDGGLWLYHLQ0DKXDELRGLHVHO
x (*7LVKLJKHVWIRUSXUHELRGLHVHOEXWGHFUHDVHVZLWKLQFUHDVHLQDGGLWLYHLQ0DKXDELRGLHVHO
x +&HPLVVLRQVDUHKLJKHVWIRUGLHVHODQGDUHORZIRUSXUHELRGLHVHO:LWKLQFUHDVHLQDGGLWLYHLQ0DKXD ELRGLHVHOHPLVVLRQVGHFUHDVH
x 12[HPLVVLRQLVKLJKHVWIRUSXUHELRGLHVHOEXWGHFUHDVHVZLWKLQFUHDVHLQDGGLWLYHLQ0DKXDELRGLHVHO
2 Erol Kahraman (Hydrogen & Gasoline fueled SI Engine)
Materials-(QJLQH'\QDPRPHWHU&RQWURO3DQHO+\GURJHQUHJXODWRU([KDXVWJDVDQDO\]HU
Engine Specifications
3DUWLFXODUV 'HVFULSWLRQ
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Experimental Procedure-
,QWKLVH[SHULPHQWUHVHDUFKHUWRRNF\OLQGHUVWURNH6,HQJLQH7KHVHWXSLVVXFKWKDWHQJLQHLVFRQQHFWHGWR G\QDPRPHWHUZKLFKLVFRQQHFWHGWRFRQWUROSDQHO)URPYDULRXVVWHHOERWWOHK\GURJHQFRPHVLQDQGUHJXODWRULV SODFHGWRFRQWUROIORZRIK\GURJHQ+\GURJHQLVLQLWLDOO\FRPSUHVVHGXSWR03D5HJXODWRUVDUHSUHVHQWWRGURS SUHVVXUH XS WR N3D DQG WKHQ WR DWPRVSKHULF SUHVVXUH )XUWKHU DUUDQJHPHQW FRQVLVWV RI FDUEXUHWRU LQWDNH PDQLIROG H[KDXVWPDQLIROG7RH[KDXVWPDQLIROG([KDXVW*DVDQDO\]HULVDWWDFKHG
7KHSURSHUWLHVRIK\GURJHQDQGJDVROLQHDUH
3URSHUW\ +\GURJHQ JDVROLQH
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6WRLFKLRPHWULFFRPSRVLWLRQLQDLU
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Result
1 Brake thermal efficiency-
,WZDVREVHUYHGWKDW%7(RI+\GURJHQIXHOLVJUHDWHUWKDQWKDWRI*DVROLQHIXHO$WKLJKHUVSHHG%7(RI+\GURJHQ IXHOLVJUHDWHUWKDQ*DVROLQHIXHO
2 Brake Torque-
,WZDVREVHUYHGWKDWDWWKHVWDUW%UDNH7RUTXHRI+\GURJHQLVOHVVWKDQ*DVROLQH%XWDVVSHHGLQFUHDVHV%UDNH 7RUTXHRI+\GURJHQLQFUHDVHV
3 Brake Power-
7KHSRZHURXWSXWRI+\GURJHQLVOHVVWKDQWKDWRIJDVROLQHDWORZVSHHG VDPHVL]HHQJLQH%XWDIWHUUSP SRZHURI+\GURJHQ(QJLQHLQFUHDVHV
4 Brake mean effective pressure-
%0(3RIK\GURJHQIXHOLQFUHDVHVDWUSP,QFDVHRIJDVROLQHIXHO%0(3GHFUHDVHVZLWKLQFUHDVHLQVSHHG
5 Exhaust gas temperature-
(*7LQFUHDVHVZLWKLQFUHDVHLQVSHHGLQFDVHRI+\GURJHQIXHOEXWLWLVOHVVWKDQ(*7RI*DVROLQHIXHO,WLVGXHWR FRROLQJHIIHFWRIZDWHU
6 NOx Emissions-
,WZDVREVHUYHGWKDWWKHUHZDVDSSUHFLDEOHGHFUHDVHLQ12[HPLVVLRQLQFDVHRI+\GURJHQIXHO
7 CO, CO2 & HC Emissions-
$VVSHHGLQFUHDVHV&2HPLVVLRQYDQLVKHVLQFDVHRI+\GURJHQIXHO&2HPLVVLRQVDUHDOVRORZIRUK\GURJHQ7KH HPLVVLRQVDUHGXHWRFRPEXVWLRQRIOXEULFDWLQJRLO'XHWRFKRFNLQJPRUH+&LVSUHVHQW
Conclusion-
x :LWKLQFUHDVHLQVSHHGDERYHUSPEDFNILULQJLVSUHYHQWHG
x 3RZHUORVVLQFDVHRIK\GURJHQIXHOHGHQJLQHLVOHVVDWKLJKVSHHG
x 12[(PLVVLRQVDUHDOVRFRQVLGHUDEO\UHGXFHG x &2&2 +&(PLVVLRQVDUHYHU\OHVV
x +\GURJHQFDQEHXVHGDVJRRGHQJLQHIXHOZLWKDSSURSULDWHFKDQJHVLQFRPEXVWLRQFKDPEHU
3 Puneet Verma (Eucalyptus Biodiesel)
Materials-6DPSOHVRI(XFDO\SWXVRLO6LQJOHF\OLQGHUGLHVHOHQJLQHRIN:SRZHU VSHHGUSP Experimental Procedure-
7UDQVHVWHULILFDWLRQ UHDFWLRQ LV GRQH &DWDO\VW ZDV XVHG WRVSHHG XS WKH UHDFWLRQ %LRGLHVHO ZDV VHSDUDWHG ZLWK PDJQHWLF VHSDUDWLRQ PHWKRG IRU SXULILFDWLRQ <LHOG ZDV IRXQG WR EH DSSUR[LPDWHO\ 7KH SURSHUWLHV RI (XFDO\SWXVRLO GLHVHODUHVLPLODUWKHUHIRUHZHFDQXVH(XFDO\SWXVRLOLQGLHVHOHQJLQH
5HDGLQJVZHUHWDNHQE\ILUVWXVLQJSXUHGLHVHO WKHQE\XVLQJEOHQGVVXFKDV%%% %%6)& %7(LVFDOFXODWHG
Result & Conclusion-
x $VYROXPHRIELRGLHVHOLVLQFUHDVHGLQEOHQGFDORULILFYDOXHGHFUHDVHVWKHUHIRUHIXHOFRQVXPSWLRQLQFUHDVHV
x %LVDFFHSWDEOHEHFDXVHLWKDVORZ%6)&
x %7(LQFUHDVHVZLWKLQFUHDVHLQEOHQG
x &OHDQVPRNHZDVSURGXFHGXVLQJ(XFDO\SWXVELRGLHVHO
x &2 +&HPLVVLRQVDUHDOVROHVV
x 7KLVDOOSRLQWVVXJJHVWWKDW(XFDO\SWXVELRGLHVHOFDQUHSODFHGLHVHO
4 Zuohua Huang (Natural Gas & Hydrogen)
Materials-&\OLQGHUFRPSUHVVHGQDWXUDOJDV&1*VSDUNLJQLWHG6,DXWRPRWLYHHQJLQHQDWXUDOJDV K\GURJHQ
ZHUHXVHGDVIXHO
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4XHQFKLQJGLVWDQFH PP PP
Engine Specifications-
3DUWLFXODUV 'HVFULSWLRQ
%RUHGLDPHWHU PP
6WURNHOHQJWK PP
&RPSUHVVLRQUDWLR
5DWHRI3RZHU N:
6SHHG USP
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Experimental Procedure-
%\ XVLQJ YDULRXV IUDFWLRQV RI K\GURJHQ QDWXUDO JDV EOHQGV ZHUH SUHSDUHG 7KH W\SHV RI IXHOV XVHG IRU H[SHULPHQWZHUHSXUHQDWXUDOJDVIXHOEOHQGZLWKQDWXUDOJDV K\GURJHQE\YROXPHIXHOEOHQGZLWK QDWXUDOJDV K\GURJHQE\YROXPHIXHOEOHQGZLWKQDWXUDOJDV K\GURJHQE\YROXPHHWF
7KH H[SHULPHQWV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG DW ZLGH RSHQLQJ WKURWWOH :27 PD[LPXP EUDNH WRUTXH LJQLWLRQ WLPLQJ 0%7DWHQJLQHVSHHGRIUSP([KDXVWJDVDQDO\]HUZDVXVHGWRPHDVXUHHPLVVLRQV
Result & Conclusion-
x )RUDJLYHQ$)UDWLRSRZHURXWSXW WKHUPDOHIILFLHQF\GHFUHDVHZLWKLQFUHDVHLQRIK\GURJHQLQQDWXUDO JDVWKLVLVWUXHXSWRZKHQRIK\GURJHQLVOHVVWKDQ
x 3RZHU RXWSXW WKHUPDO HIILFLHQF\ LQFUHDVH ZLWK LQFUHDVH LQ RI K\GURJHQ LQ QDWXUDO JDV ZKHQ RI K\GURJHQLVJUHDWHUWKDQ
x $GGLWLRQRIK\GURJHQLQQDWXUDOJDVUHGXFHV+&FRQFHQWUDWLRQLQH[KDXVWEXW12[FRQFHQWUDWLRQLQFUHDVHV x )RUJHWWLQJKLJKHU7KHUPDOHIILFLHQF\DQGORZHPLVVLRQVOHDQEXUQPL[WXUHLVIDYRUDEOH
5 M.U. Aslam (CNG as an alternative fuel for a retrofitted gasoline vehicle)
Materials-3URWRQ0DJPD7HVWHQJLQHZLWKELIXHOLQJLQMHFWLRQV\VWHP*DVROLQH &1*ZHUHXVHGDVIXHO
3URSHUW\ *DVROLQH &1*
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6WRLFKLRPHWULFPL[WXUHGHQVLW\ NJP NJP
Engine Specifications-
3DUWLFXODUV 'HVFULSWLRQ
(QJLQH7\SH 3URWRQ0DJPDYDOYHUHWURILWWHGHQJLQH
%RUHGLDPHWHU PP
6WURNHOHQJWK PP
&RPSUHVVLRQUDWLR
1HW2XWSXW N:USP
1HW7RUTXH 1PUSP
&DUEXUHWRU 'RZQGUDIW%DUUHO
Experimental Procedure-
&1* *DVROLQHZHUHXVHGDVIXHOVDQGWKHLUFRQVXPSWLRQVZHUHPHDVXUHG&RQWUROOLQJV\VWHPZDVXVHGIRU PRQLWRULQJRSHUDWLRQV%0(3%6)&EUDNHVSHFLILFHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQ%6(&DQGIXHOFRQYHUVLRQHIILFLHQF\ )&( ZDV FDOFXODWHG ([KDXVW HPLVVLRQV ZHUH PHDVXUHG XVLQJ JDV DQDO\]HU 5HWURILWWLQJ LV RQH GXH WR GLIIHUHQW FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI&1*DQGWRLPSOHPHQW&1*LQJDVROLQHHQJLQH
2QWKHEDVLVRIYDULRXVWHVWVDQDO\VLVZDVGRQH
Result & Conclusion-
x 5HWURILWWHG&1*HQJLQHOHVV%0(3DQG%6)&LVDOVROHVVDVFRPSDUHGWRJDVROLQHHQJLQH
x &2&2 +&HPLVVLRQVDUHUHGXFHGEXW12[HPLVVLRQRI&1*LQFUHDVHVDVFRPSDUHGWRJDVROLQH x %XWWKHUHLVDQHHGWRUHGXFH:WRI&1*WDQNIRUEHWWHUSHUIRUPDQFH
x 7KXV5HWURILWWHG&1*IXHOOHGHQJLQHFDQEHXVHGLQSUDFWLFHFRQVLGHULQJDERYHFRQFOXVLRQV
,,,&21&/86,21
7KHFRPSDUDWLYHVWXG\ZDVPDGHE\VWXG\LQJYDULRXVSDUDPHWHUVWKDWDIIHFWHQJLQHIXHODQGFRQFOXVLRQVZHUH SORWWHGEDVHGRQWKRVHSDUDPHWHUV
%OHQGHGELRGLHVHOVKRZHGEHWWHUFKDUDFWHULVWLFVWKDQSXUHELRGLHVHO%UDNHWKHUPDOHIILFLHQF\LQFUHDVHVIRUSXUH ELRGLHVHO&OHDQH[KDXVWLVREWDLQHGDVFRPSDUHGWRGLHVHO+\GURJHQFDQDOVREHXVHGDVIXHO9HU\FOHDQH[KDXVWLV REWDLQHGDVFRPSDUHGWRRWKHUIXHOV3RZHURXWSXWLVKLJKDWORZVSHHGV+\GURJHQ 1DWXUDOJDVPL[WXUHFDQDOVR EH XVHG DV IXHO %XW OHDQ PL[WXUH LV QHHGHG IRU ORZ 12[ HPLVVLRQV &1* FDQ DOVR EH XVHG DV IXHO FHUWDLQ PRGLILFDWLRQLQHQJLQHLVQHHGHG12[HPLVVLRQVLVYHU\KLJKLQFDVHRI&1*
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