MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FOOT IN 100 ADULTS IN SEMI URBAN POPULATION OF HYDERABAD

DOI: 10.18410/jebmh/2015/816

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

J of Evidence Based Med & Hlthcare, pISSN- 2349-2562, eISSN- 2349-2570/ Vol. 2/Issue 37/Sept. 14, 2015 Page 5928

MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FOOT IN 100 ADULTS IN SEMI

URBAN POPULATION OF HYDERABAD

Deepika V1_{, P. Anuradha}2

HOWTOCITETHISARTICLE:

Deepika V, P. Anuradha. “Morphometric Analysis of Foot in 100 Adults in Semi Urban Population of Hyderabad”. Journal of Evidence based Medicine and Healthcare; Volume 2, Issue 37, September 14, 2015; Page: 5928-5931, DOI: 10.18410/jebmh/2015/816

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Analysis of normal variation in human foot is important for several biomedical disciplines. So Morphometric methods were applied to study the human foot.

AIM: To know variations in morphometry of foot in male and female semiurban population in Hyderabad. METHODS: Outline of the foot print, including toes was taken in 100 adults (Male-50, female-50).RESULTS: Length of foot is more in adult males than females. The Breadth of foot and breadth of heel is also more in males than females. Right first toe is also longer in males than females. The length of second toe is more than first toe in about 45 individuals. (20 males, 25 females). There is a Statistical Significant Difference (p<0.05) between males and females with reference to LENGTH and BREADTH of both right and left foot. CONCLUSIONS: Finally it was concluded that the statistical difference between male and female foot may be due to the growth pattern (height, weight) and genetic factors.

KEYWORDS: Foot asymmetry, Footprintshapes.

INTRODUCTION: Anatomy of foot consist arches formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones and strengthened by the muscles, ligaments and tendons of the foot. These are medial, lateral longitudinal arches and the transverse arch. These arches are present since birth but in infants, feet appear to be flat because of the presence of fat.1,2 _{The arch becomes prominent when the}

child starts walking and the foot starts bearing the weight of the body. Pes planus (flat foot) occurs when apex of arch collapses and medial border of foot comes in contact with ground. A variation in the foot posture plays an important role in predisposition to injury.3_{Hence analysis of}

normal variation in human foot is important for several biomedical disciplines that include orthopedics, sports medicine &and physical anthropology. It is also important for efficient foot wear design.4,5

Genetic factors as well as environmental factors and life style factors have been shown to influence adult foot morphology.6,7 _{There are few studies on Morphometric Analysis in Telangana}

especially in semi urban population hence this study was taken up.

AIM & OBJECTIVES: Aim of present study was to know variation in morphometry of foot in male and female;

 To Measure the foot length and breadth.

 To Measure Breadth of heel.

 To Measure Length of first toe or second toe.

DOI: 10.18410/jebmh/2015/816

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

J of Evidence Based Med & Hlthcare, pISSN- 2349-2562, eISSN- 2349-2570/ Vol. 2/Issue 37/Sept. 14, 2015 Page 5929

MATERIALS & METHODS: Foot outlines of 100 (Male-50, Female-50) individuals are collected from persons without pathological deformities, height and weight was not considered but age was noted. Foot length is measured from prominent point of heel to first toe or second toe whichever is longer; Breadth of foot, breadth of heel and length of each toe is measured in centimeters with the help of ruler.8

EXCLUSION: feet with pathological deformity, height and weight.

DISCUSSION: In the present study morph metric methods were applied to study variation of foot print in males and females, outline of foot print along with toes were taken. We found width of foot and length of foot is more in males (9.42-9.29) than females (8.68-8.66) it might be due to the influence of several life style factors. This results were similar to the findings of others Ashizawa et.al and Mauch et al. Also reported an increase of relative foot length width with body weight.9,10

In present study length of first toe is larger in males (5.62-5.59) than females (5.54-5.52) may because of wearing of high heeled shoes associated with larger fore foot &hallux exceeding the other toes in length which was also found by other researchers.11,12

Present study found length of second toe was more than first toe in about 45 individuals both male and females.

MEAN TOTAL FEMALE MALE

Mean age withSD 28.3±5.21 28.48±5.52 28.14±4.94 Mean right length foot 24.35±1.69 23.29±1.43 25.42±1.20 Mean left length foot 24.39±1.7 23.31±1.45 25.46±1.17 Mean right breadth of foot 8.97±1.01 8.66±0.54 9.29±1.25

Mean left breadth foot 9.04±0.60 8.68±0.58 9.42±0.36

DOI: 10.18410/jebmh/2015/816

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

J of Evidence Based Med & Hlthcare, pISSN- 2349-2562, eISSN- 2349-2570/ Vol. 2/Issue 37/Sept. 14, 2015 Page 5930

Mean right breadth heel 5.58±0.40 5.54±0.43 5.62±0.37 Mean left breadth heel 5.55±0.40 5.52±0.41 5.59±0.39 Mean right first toe 5.46±5.49 6.06±7.63 4.83±0.69 Mean left first toe 4.08± 5.14 4.02± 4.56 4.07±0.5

Table 1

CONCLUSIONS: Finally it was concluded that the statistical difference between male and female foot may be due to the growth pattern (height, weight) and genetic factors, BMI, shoe wearing habits.

Geometric Morph metric proved to be powerful tool for assessing shape of complete foot print out line. It should be the method of choice for scientific research and for evaluation of simple indices of foot print shape.

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1. Ozden H, Balci Y, Demirüstü C, Turgut A, Ertugrul M.Stature and sex estimate using foot and shoe dimensions. Forensic Sci Int. 2005 Jan 29;147(2-3):181-4.

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4. Kanchan TKrishan K, ShyamSundar S, Aparna KR, Jaiswal S. Analysis of footprint and its parts for stature estimation in Indian population. Foot (Edinb). 2012 Sep;22(3):175-80. doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2012.02.010. Epub 2012 Mar 26.

5. Menz HB, Morris ME.Footwear characteristic and foot problems in older people. Gerontology 2005, 51(5):346–351.

6. Domjanic J,_{Fieder M, Seidler H, Mitteroecker P.Geometric morphometric footprint analysis of}

young women. J Foot Ankle Res. 2013 Jul 25;6(1):27. doi: 10.1186/1757-1146-6-27.

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design. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Apr; 33(4):605-11.

8. Kennedy RB, Pressman IS, Chen S, Petersen PH, Pressman AE. Statistical analysis of barefoot impressions.: J Forensic Sci2003,48(1):55-63.

9. Ashizawa K, Kumakura C, Kusumoto A, Narasaki S. Relative foot size andshape to general body size in Javanese, Filipinas and Japanese with special reference to habitual footwear types.: Ann Hum Biol 1997,24(2):117–129.

10.Mauch M, Grau S, Krauss I, Maiwald C, Horstmann T. Foot morphology of normal, underweight and overweight children.: Int J Obes (Lond) 2008, 32(7):1068–1075.

11.Speksnijder CM, Munckhof RJH, Moonen SAFCM, Walenkamp GHIM.The higher the heel the higher the forefoot-pressure in ten healthy women. 2005, 15:17–21.

DOI: 10.18410/jebmh/2015/816

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

J of Evidence Based Med & Hlthcare, pISSN- 2349-2562, eISSN- 2349-2570/ Vol. 2/Issue 37/Sept. 14, 2015 Page 5931

NAME ADDRESS EMAIL ID OF THE CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:

Dr. P.Anuradha Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy,

Midiciti Institute of Medical Sciences. Ghanpur.

E-mail: dr.v.deepika07@gmail.com

Date of Submission: 19/08/2015. Date of Peer Review: 20/08/2015. Date of Acceptance: 04/09/2015. Date of Publishing: 14/09/2015.

AUTHORS:

1. Deepika V. 2. P. Anuradha

PARTICULARS OF CONTRIBUTORS:

1. Post Graduate, Department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences. 2. Assistant Professor, Department of