ɍȾɄ
621.384
Ʉ
.
ȼ
.
ȼɨɫɤɚɧɹɧ
,
ɉ
.
Ⱥ
.
Ʌɚɜɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ
,
ȼ
.
ɇ
.
ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜ
,
Ȼ
.
ɋ
.
ɋɵɱɟɜ
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «ɆȽɋɍ»ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ ȼɈɁȾɍɏȺ ȼ ȻɍɇɄȿɊȿ ɐɂɄɅɈɌɊɈɇȺ
ȾɅə ɉɗɌ ȾɂȺȽɇɈɋɌɂɄɂ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɨ ɚɪɝɨɧɭ-41,ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɰɢɤɥɨɬɪɨɧɟ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ 18 Ɇɷȼ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɤɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ 150ɦɤȺ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ, ɰɢɤɥɨɬɪɨɧ, ɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ, ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜ -ɧɨɫɬɶ,ɉɗɌ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ,ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ.
Ⱥɪɝɨɧ
-41
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ
(
ɪɢɫ
. 1, 2)
ɜ ɪɟ
-ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɹɞɪɚɦɢ ɚɪɝɨɧɚ
-40.
Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚ
-ɸɬ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɟɧɚɯ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɯ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɨɜ
,
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ
.
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɯ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɢ
ȿ0
= 18
Ɇɷȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɨɰɟɧ
-ɤɚɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ
3,8
10
10(
ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧ
/
ɫ
)/
ɦɤȺ ɢɥɢ
6,0
10
–3ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧ
/
ɩɪɨɬɨɧ
.
Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟ
-ɫɤɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɚ ɚɪɝɨɧɨɦ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
[1]
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ
1,03
10
–4ɫɦ
2/
ɝ
.
ɉɪɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ
ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ
S
= 100
ɦ
2ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɨɜ
[2—4]
ɜ ɨɛɵɱ
-ɧɨɦ ɛɟɬɨɧɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ
3
10
5(
ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧ
/(
ɫɦ
2
ɫ
))/
ɦɤȺ
.
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ ɰɢɤɥɨɬɪɨɧɚ
119 ВЕСТНИК
МГСУ
МГСУ
Безопасность строительных систем. Экологические проблемы в строительстве. ГеоэкологияɊɢɫ. 2. Ȼɭɧɤɟɪ ɰɢɤɥɨɬɪɨɧɚ:ɚ — ɪɚɡɪɟɡ 1–1; ɛ — ɪɚɡɪɟɡ 2–2
ɗɬɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
q
ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɪɝɨ
-ɧɚ
-41
ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
—
ɨɤɨɥɨ
q
= 30 (
Ȼɤ
/
ɝ
)/
ɦɤȺ
.
ɋɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ
-
ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɨɪɦ ɪɚɞɢɚ
-ɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɇɊȻ
-99 (
ɋɉ
2.6.1. 758—99)
ɞɥɹ ɚɪɝɨɧɚ
-41
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜ
-ɧɨɫɬɶ
(
ɆɁȺ
)
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
10
9Ȼɤ
,
ɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɚɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
(
ɆɁɍȺ
) — 100
Ȼɤ
/
ɝ
.
ȼ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɨ
-ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
68
ɦ
3ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ
— 8,8
10
4ɝ
.
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɚɪɝɨɧɚ
-41
ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ Ⱥ
= 30 (
Ȼɤ
/
ɝ
)/
ɦɤȺ
8,8
10
4ɝ
|
2,6
10
6Ȼɤ
/
ɦɤȺ
.
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɮ
-ɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɭɱɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ
,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɰɢɤɥɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɚɪɝɨɧɚ
-41,
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ
— 2
ɱ
[1].
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱥ
= 2,6
10
6Ȼɤ
/
ɦɤȺ ɢ
ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
q
= 30 (
Ȼɤ
/
ɝ
)/
ɦɤȺ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɬɨɤɚ
I
ɆɁȺɢ
I
ɆɁɍȺ,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɆɁȺ ɢ ɆɁɍȺ
:
I
ɆɁȺ= 10
9Ȼɤ
/ 2.6
10
6(
Ȼɤ
/
ɦɤȺ
) = 380
ɦɤȺ
;
I
ɆɁɍȺ= 100
Ȼɤ
/
ɝ
/ 30 ((
Ȼɤ
/
ɝ
)/
ɦɤȺ
) = 3,3
ɦɤȺ
.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
,
ɩɪɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɬɨɤɟ
150
ɦɤȺ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ
ɛɭɧɤɟɪɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɆɁȺ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɨɬ ɚɪɝɨɧɚ
-41
ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
.
Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɨɱɢɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
,
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜ ɩɨ
-ɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ
.
120 ISSN 1997-0935. Vestnik MGSU. 2012. № 1
ВЕСТНИК
1/2012
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1.Ƚɨɪɞɟɟɜ ɂ.ȼ., Ʉɚɪɞɚɲɟɜ Ⱦ.Ⱥ.,Ɇɚɥɵɲɟɜ Ⱥ.ȼ.əɞɟɪɧɨ-ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ : ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ. Ɇ. : Ƚɨɫɚɬɨɦɢɡɞɚɬ, 1963.
2.Ȼɟɤɭɪɰ Ʉ., ȼɢɪɬɰ Ʉ.ɇɟɣɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɚ : ɩɟɪ.ɫ ɚɧɝɥ.Ɇ. : Ⱥɬɨɦɢɡɞɚɬ, 1968.
3.ɉɪɚɣɫ Ȼ., ɏɨɪɬɨɧ Ʉ.,ɋɩɢɧɧɢ Ʉ.Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɬ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɣ : ɩɟɪ.ɫ ɚɧɝɥ.Ɇ. : ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɢɧɨɫɬɪ.ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, 1959.
4.Ȼɟɬɨɧ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ / Ⱦ.Ʌ.Ȼɪɨɞɟɪ ɢ ɞɪ. 2-ɟ ɢɡɞ.Ɇ. : Ⱥɬɨɦɢɡɞɚɬ, 1973.
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɸ ɜ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɟ 2011 ɝ.
Ɉ ɛ ɚ ɜ ɬ ɨ ɪ ɚ ɯ:ȼɨɫɤɚɧɹɧ Ʉɚɪɟɧ ȼɚɪɭɠɚɧɨɜɢɱ — ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɫɬɪɨɢ -ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ»,Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,əɪɨɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɟ ɲɨɫɫɟ, 26, 8-917-572-64-28, [email protected];
Ʌɚɜɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɉɚɜɟɥ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱ — ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ,ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ
-ɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ»,Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, əɪɨɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɟ ɲɨɫɫɟ, 26, 8-926-910-40-51, [email protected];
ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜ ȼɢɬɚɥɢɣ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɢɱ — ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɫɬɪɨɢ -ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ «Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ»,Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,əɪɨɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɟ ɲɨɫɫɟ, 26, 8-916-014-32-18, [email protected];
ɋɵɱɟɜ Ȼɨɪɢɫ ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɢɱ — ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ,ɎȽɍɉ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢ
-ɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ (ɆɊɌɂ ɊȺɇ), Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ȼɚɪɲɚɜɫɤɨɟ ɲɨɫɫɟ, 132, 8-(499)-616-39-54, [email protected].
Ⱦ ɥ ɹ ɰ ɢ ɬ ɢ ɪ ɨ ɜ ɚ ɧ ɢ ɹ:Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɟ ɰɢɤɥɨɬɪɨɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɉɗɌ ɞɢɚɝɧɨ -ɫɬɢɤɢ / Ʉ.ȼ.ȼɨɫɤɚɧɹɧ, ɉ.Ⱥ. Ʌɚɜɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ, ȼ.ɇ. ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜ, Ȼ.ɋ. ɋɵɱɟɜ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɋɍ. 2012. ʋ 1. ɋ. 119—121.
K.V. Voskanjan, P.A. Lavdansky, V.N. Solovyov, B.S. Sichev
ESTIMATION OF ACTIVITY OF AIR IN THE CYCLOTRON BUNKER FOR PET DIAGNOSTICS
The paper presents the results of the estimation of air activation by argon-41 induced by acce-lerated protons in 18 MeV Cyclotron. It has been demonstrated that activity of air is below significant minimum at proton current of 150 microamps.
Key words: activation, cyclotron, significant minimum, PET, diagnostics, radiation safety.
Reference
1. Gordeev I.V., Kardashev D., Malyshev A.V. Jaderno-fizicheskie konstanty : spravochnik [Nuc-lear-physical constants : reference book], Gosatomizdat, Moscow, 1963.
2. Beckurts K.H. and Wirtz K. Neutron Physics. Springer-Verlag NY.
3. Price B.T., Horton C.C. and Spinney K.T. Radiation Shielding. Pergamon Press, New York, 1957.
4. Broder D.L. and others. Beton v zashhite jadernyh ustanovok [ɋoncrete in the protection of nuclear facilities. Ed. 2 nd.], Moscow, Atomizdat, 1973.
A b o u t a u t h o r s: Voskanjan Karen Varuzhanovich — Lecturer Department of Construction of Nuc-lear Facilities, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26, Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia, +7(926)1494825, [email protected];
Lavdansky Pavel Aleksandrovich — Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Department of Construc-tion of Nuclear Facilities, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26, Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia, +7(926)9104051, [email protected];
Solovyov Vitaly Nikolajevich — Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Department of Construction of Nuclear Facilities, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26, Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, +7(916)0143218, [email protected];
Sichev Boris Sergejevich — Doctor of Engineering, Department head, Moscow Radiotechnical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Varshavskoe shosse, Moscow, Russia, 117519, +7-(499)-616-39-54, [email protected].
F o r c i t a t i o n: Voskanjan K.V., Lavdansky P.A., Solovyov V.N., Sichev B.S. Ocenka aktivnosti voz-duha v bunkere ciklotrona dlja pjet diagnostiki [Estimation of activity of air in the cyclotron bunker for pet diagnostics]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering], 2012, no 1, Pp. 119—121.
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