A justiça restaurativa da teoria à prática : relações com o sistema de justiça criminal e implementação no Brasil

(1)

(2)

!"" #$% #& " ' #(# ) * +,!"! &# # - '$% (

. , ( " & #*# ( /"0 #(,#$% *

!1')!#" !*!'#!" (# ' !2.)!# '!3 "!(#( # / !)#

( ! #'( ( , 4

(3)

8

!"

"

# $ %&

'(#"! %& )

*

!

" # $%%&"

'( "

) " *+ , - ) . /0

1 2 1 31 4"

5 6 " ) " # 07 #7 8 4

" 9 " $" : # 4 1 " ;"

9 " " 9 1 "

<" 8 # 07 #7 " <<"=> "

0 : 9 ?

(4)

9 & " ' (!"" #$% : 3!'), #(# ; !'6# ( & "+,!"# * !*!' !# ' )!# ( !*: #- (# *# (# <," !$# " #, # !3#: #' ( ,* & ' ( 3!" # / !) +,#' # &# ! ( # ,*#" =& !1')!#" ( !*& * ' #$% ' > #"! * , " ) ' = "4

<," !$# " #, # !3# " ( " #)# ' ) '? ! !' '#)! '# ) ' *& @' ) * ,*# 2 *# ( " ,$% ( ) '2 ! " (!3 "# ( * ( & '# #(!)! '# 4 '"&! #(#: & !')!&# * ' : ' #- !)! '!"* ' * 3!* ' 3! !* / !) !'!)!#( ' " #' " : # <," !$#

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

" ,$% ( ) '2 ! " +, & !3! !#* (!? ' #" &# " !*& !)#(#" ' ( ! 4

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

(5)

F

6 & " ' " ,(G: ( 3 & ( H! 6!' 6 2! ( 2 !*!' G #'( )!# ' #

!*: ( # " H! 6 " # !3 <," !) : - 6 2 * # 6 !)# & "& ) !3 #'( " * !*& * ' # ! ' =& ! ') " !' > #7! #'( 6 ) ' = "4

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

6# !" ' ! 6 " ! *# !7!' ' =) ,(!' 4 #!*" # (,)!' & '# G !*& "! ! ' A* " G ( & !3# ! ' 2 !- GB -G !') ,(!' ' '03! ' H#G" 2 " 3!' ) '2 !) " 6# *&6#"!7 6 ," 2 (!# , - H ' 6 &# " !'3 3 ( !' 6 ) !* 4

J H 3 : (, 6 3# ! G 2 " # !3 =& ! ') " 2 ,'( #'( 6 (!22 ' 2 *" 6!" * ( )#' - # !), # ( H! 6 6 ) !*!'# <," !) "G" *: 6 !" ) ! !)!"* " # !3 <," !) ) ') '!' 6 H 6 2 & '# G ) ' ' H K ! )#' 2 " #'( 6 & " 3# ! ' 2

,# #' " 2 6 #))," (4 >G )# G!' , # 6 !)# #'# G"!" 2 6 " # !3 * ( "A"B #'( ) '"!( !' 6 ( -# - H ' ! " ",&& " #'( ) ! !)": 6 " ,(G # *& ( )6 )K 6 H#G" ! !" !*& * ' ( A#'( !'" ! , ! '# !7 (B !' > #7! 4 6# '(: 6 '# ! '# ") '# ! : )6# #) !7 ( -G 6 ! ! !*#)G 2 6 ) !*!'# <," !) "G" * #'( ! " !' 22!)#)G *#'# " )!# ) '2 !) ": H#" #'# G7 (4 6 2!'# &# 2 6 &#& & " ' " # ) ! !)# #'# G"!" 2 6 -!

6# & & " " 6 !'" ! , ! '# !7# ! ' 2 " # !3 <," !) !' > #7! 4

(6)

L M

2 , . 3

F

454 '%& F

456 ! 7' "% ' "+

4 4 >

4 4 M

458 ' "% ' "+ . '9 ! ! " ( 88

484 NO 89

484 NO NO 8L

4848 NO NO 8M

4849 8

2 , :

2 9F

654 7' "% ! "9" # 7' "% ' "+ . ; "$9 ; '

! !"#"<+ " = 9F

4 4 NO N F

656 7' "% ' "+ ' # %& ! 9 " 9 7' "% ! "9" # F8 4 4

5 N

P O F9

4 4 NO N

N 5 N FQ

(7)

M

484 NR L

484 N L8

4848 N LL

4849 N LQ

M 3

: A B M

854 9 ;#"! %& ; < "! ' "+ M

856 "; ; $ 9 ' ; < "! ' "+ ) #$'9 C; "D !" * MF

84 4 NO A E

B

MM

84 4 A E B 9

84 48 L

2 2

E FGGHIGH QL

J54 '%& QL

J56 + ! " %@ ! ! ! < " ( "# " . ? # # $" "9"

" 9 ; #3 +" #D !" 7' "% ' "+ QL

J58 ' "% ' "+ 3 C & ! # ; # ! K

7' "%

9484 N S N L

J5J ' "% ' "+ 3 $ " 7' > "! ; "!"; %& +> "9

9494 A B F

9494 4 F

94948

94949 NO T NO 8

9494F NR

J5L ; ; "9;# 9 %& 7' "% ' "+ "#. ! " %@

(8)

M 9F

(9)

Q & " ' #-# 6 #'# !"# * ( ( <," !$# " #, # !3# ",#" 2 *#" ( # !), #$% ) * "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# : #' ( ,* & ' ( 3!" # / !) +,#' # &# ! ( # ,*#" =& !1')!#" ' > #"! * , " &#." "4 '<,' #* ' : #- (#0" # ,*#" (!2!), (#( " ) . !)#" #)! '#(#" ; !*& * ' #$% (# <," !$# " #, # !3# ' +, #' # !") ( #*& !#$% ( ) ' & '# ; 3! #$% (#" # #' !#" <, .(!)#": -,")#'( ( !' # & "".3 !" )#*!'6 " +, 3!#-! !7 * # !*& * ' #$% !'" ! ,)! '# !7#$% ( " * ( ' > #"! 4

# # # )#'$# #!" -< !3 ": & ,0" & " , , # #-# 6 * +,# )#&. , "4 & !* ! )#&. , "% #- (#( " " #' ) ( ' ": ) ') ! A#- B " 3# " (# <," !$# " #, # !3#4

- (# 0" 0?: - 3 * ' : ) ' = ( U) !" I ( "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# : +,# * ' # ; C& )# ( & /& ! ", !* ' (# & !"% ) * U& '# & =) 1')!#I: #" ' # !3#" +, -,")# #* 2 *?0 : ( ' #" # !' (,$% ( & '#" # '# !3#" ) * 2 *# (

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

P,#' # ) ') ! ( <," !$# " #, # !3#: "# ! ' # 0" 0? ",# #- , # & !"" *!# #" ) . !)#" #(3!'(#" ( " #" )# #) ." !)#"4 # # 0" 0? (#" (!3 "#" ) ') &$D " ( <," !$# " #, # !3#5 # +, '# ) ') ' : ) ' #(# ' (!? ' #" &# " A3. !*#: 2 '" : & 3 7 ": ) *,'!(#( BW # +, & ! !7# # &# #$% (# 3. !*# #(*! +, : * ) " )#" ": # &# #$% & ""# " !*& " # # #, W # +, ) ') - # <," !$# " #, # !3# ) * ,* * ! ( #'"2 *#$% (# 3!(# * " )! (#( 4

(10)

" % (!3!(!( " * 1" ,& "5 A B 3# " - ! # / ! " A B5 '% 0 ( *!'#$% : *& ( #* ' : - (!1')!# # " !*! " *?=!* " (#" "#'$D " " #- )!(#" # * ' : "), # "& ! "#: & ),&#$% ! ,# ! ? !# ) * ( " " &# !)!&#' ":

: "& ! # " (! ! " 6,*#' "W A B ! 5

" #, #$% (# 3. !*# & 3 '$% ( ( ! W A8B 5 & (% : ( "), &#" ) *1')!#4

" ,'( )#&. , ) *& '( ,*# #'? !" / !)# (# <," !$# " #, # !3#: #- (#'( # +, " % ( , # (# <," !$# " #, # !3# * #$% ; <," !$# ) !*!'# : ) * -< !3 ( : !( ' !2!)# : #' " ( ,( : " " * ( ') ' #0" * & "!$% # * ( ( <," !$# ) !*!'# : ( 3 '( 0" #- (# #" )# #) ." !)#" ( " X !* ) '2 ' ?0 #" ) * #" ( & !* ! : &# # ' % #3# !# " # ,* ' " +, "," ' #* +, " " * ( " '% "% & " ": & !": '# & ? !)#: '( * # " * ") # 4

* " ,!(#: &#""#0" # #'# !"# # 2 *# ( # !), #$% (# <," !$# " #, # !3# ) * "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# 4 "" "& ! : ),*& #3# !# #" (,#" #'( " & "!$D "

=!" ' "5 A B # *#=!*# !" #: +, ( 2 '( # !'" $% (# <," !$# " #, # !3# ' "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# E # 2!* ( -,")# # #'"2 *#$% ( "!" *# &,'! !3 E: ) ' #0" ' "

", #( " " #, # !3 " & #' : #) ! # +, # &# #$% (# 3. !*# " <# !*& " # # 2 '" W A B # *!'!*# !" #: +, & # & *#' # <," !$# " #, # !3# #2#" #(# ( "!" *# ) !*!'# : & !" #) (! # +, #""!* C & "".3 *,(?0 ' # & ""!3#* ' : " * #( ! ; / !)# &,'! !3# ( "!" *# ) !*!'# : & !*#'( & " & ) "" " " #, # !3 " *#!" ( +, & " ," & "".3 !"

", #( "4

( *#!": !' ""# #3# !# " "!" *#" ( <," !$# " #, # !3# & & " " & #' "": +, #*-C* ) ' !-,! % &# # # ) *& '"% ( +,# , # *#!" #( +,#( &# # +, # <," !$# " #, # !3# ( " '3 3# ",#" & ? !)#" " #& " ' ) * ,*# , # "& " # & "".3 # ( ! : " * +, " <# ) ' #*!'#(# & # / !)# A&,'! !3#B ( "!" *# ) !*!'# 4

" ! * ' : & #0" & =#*!'# # " ,$% Y (#" #$D " '!(#": 2 ' # " & !').&! " -?"!) " ( ," (# <," !$# " #, # !3# * *# C !# & '# : 3!" +, 2 ' ) #'( " ! ' #$D " # " &#." " +, & '( * !*& * ' ?0 #: # = *& ( > #"! 4

(11)

&/" # ) '" ,$% (# -#" / !)#: &#""# 0" 0?: ' ) ! )#&. , : # # # ( " * * ' " ( #& !)#$% (#" & ? !)#" " #, # !3#" A" #' " (# & & "!$% (# #$% & '# : (, #' & ) "" & '# , ( & !" ( : # *& (# = ),$% (# & '# B (#" & ? !)#" ) *,* ' , ! !7#(#" A* (!#$% : ) '2 1')!#" ( 2#*. !# ). ), "B: ( " #)#'( 0" ",# 2 =!-! !(#( 4 '<,' #* ' : # 2!* ( ) '2 ' # # & ? !)# ) * # !#: #'# !"# 0" 0? # ,*#" =& !1')!#" ( !*& * ' #$% ( & #*#" " #, # !3 " ' > #"! * , " ) ' = "4

+,# )#&. , " % #- (#(#" #" ) . !)#" ; !*& * ' #$% (# <," !$# " #, # !3# ' > #"! #'# !"# 0" 0? & < ( ! +, & '( !'" ! ,)! '# !7?0 # ' &#."4 ,*& : !'!)!# * ' : 3 "# " - # ) !" ( ! !*!(#( ( "!" *# ) !*!'# ",# !' 2!)!1')!# &# # #(*!'!" # # ) '2 ! ,# !(#( " )!# : -,")#'( ) *& '( ) * # <," !$# " #, # !3# & ( ) ' !-,! &# # # ( * ) # !7#$% (# <," !$#4

" ! * ' : &#""# 0" 0? ; #'? !" (#" ) . !)#" ; !*& * ' #$% (# <," !$# " #, # !3# " * )#'!"* " & "".3 !" &# # ",& ?0 #"4 & !* ! # ) . !)# # " #'# !"#(# " ? # ( = '"% (# ( ( ) ' 2 *# 4 '"#0" +, &# # ",& # : , & * ' " (,7! :

!") ( = '"% (# ( : "% ' ) ""? ! " ) ! C ! " - * ( 2!'!( " ( ( !3#$% ( " )#" " # " & #*#" " #, # !3 "4 # * (!(# * +, " # <," !$# C ' '(!(# ) * # +, 2#)! ! # ? #

" ,$% ( )#" : '% & * ! " &,'! !3 ": *#" " #, # !3 "Y &# #( ": # & ( ? " ) '"!( #(# # !#(# '# -,")# (# ( * ) # !7#$% (# <," !$#: !') * ' #'( : !') ,"!3 : #) "" ; * "*#4

" ,'(# ) . !)# #'# !"#(# " ? # +, " 2 ; 3! #$% (#" # #' !#" & '#!" & ) "",#!" & '#!" # &# !)!&#$% (# 3. !*# '# <," !$# " #, # !3#4 #!" ) . !)#" " %

'2 ' #(#" &# !'( 0" ( & "",& " ( +, " % -#" #(#" ',* * ( ( <," !$# !-, !3 : & !"" : * #'( * (!(#: '% "% )#&#7 " ( ( " ! !*# * ( " #, # !3

, #( : # ,*#" ) . !)#" & !' ' ": & #& ' # * # ' ) ""!(#( ( !*! " # * ( " #, #( : #*-C* " % #'# !"#(#"4

(12)

M

% " #* (X3!(#" +,#' ; 3@')!# (# & - *? !)# (# 3! 1')!# '#" " )! (#( " ) ' *& @' #"4 -,")# & * ! " )#&#7 " ( (,7! # ) '2 ! ,# !(#( " )!# ,: & * ' ": # 3! 1')!# (# "& " # " # # A&,'! !3#B: * "!( )#(# 3 7 *#!" 3#(#: & !')!&# * ' '#" X !*#" (,#" (C)#(#": * 3! ,( ( ,*# "C ! ( 2# ": ( ' " +,#!" " & ( )! # 5 #,* ' (# 3! 1')!#: # U) !" I ( ! !*!(#( ( "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'#

# *,(#'$# ( &#& ( " #( 4 Z ' " ) ' = +, " !'" # & & " # (# <," !$# " #, # !3#4

&# ! ( " '"!'#* ' " (# ) !*!' !# (# #$% " )!# ) . !)#: ( " '3 3 #*0" * 3!* ' " ) * # #' !"* & '# #- !)! '!"* : +, & &D * " # C !#" (!2 ')!#(#" &# # !(# ) * # +, " % ( ( ! 4 & !* ! ) '6 ) # ' ) ""!(#( ( *#', '$% ( "!" *# & '# &# # & 3 '! ( ! " # 3!' #'$# & !3#(#: -#" !#0" '# !(C!# ( ,* (! ! & '# *.'!* +, & '( " ,# (# #" # #' !#" !'(!3!(,#!" ( #),"#( 4

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

3! !* !# 2 ! ! ,# * ' "& '"?3 & # ) '" ,$% ( "! '!2!)# !3#" !(C!#" (# <," !$# " #, # !3#4 & " ' , ) . !)#" # "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# 3 , ",# !')#&#)!(#( &# # # '( ;" ' ) ""!(#( " (#" 3. !*#"4 '" # ,: & #' : +, (! ! & '# 6#3!# "+, )!( (# 3. !*# # # # #& '#" (# U& $% ( - '" <, .(!) "I: ' ! ')!#( (#' )#,"#( & ( ! # ' ) ""!(#( ( &# #$% 4 # * "*# 2 *#: & ) "" & '# 6#3!# "+, )!( (# 3. !*# # #2#" ?0 # '% & " ," (! ! "4

(13)

8 * ( ( <," !$# " #, # !3#: ) * " &[( -" 3# : '% & "",! " , , # . !(# ' * ( C* ,* ) ') ! 2 )6#( : ) *& # 3# ": & !').&! ": * ! " 2!'# !(#( " (!3 "#" (#" ( * ( ( <," !$# ) !*!'# 4 '2# !7#: ( ' , #" ) !"#": (#' " 2 !( & # 3. !*# #" ' ) ""!(#( " ( ( ) ' ": # "& '"#-! !7#$% ( 2 '" &# # +, &# (#' :

*& ( #* ' (#" &# " '3 3!(#" : " *& +, & "".3 : # &# #$% (#" #$D " #2 #(#" & ( ! 4

!"#: # C* (!"" : (,7! # !*& "!$% ( & '#" A& !')!&# * ' # & !3# !3# ( !- (#( B: ) * # !' (,$% ( & ? !)#" " #, # !3#" ) * # * (!#$% : #" ) '2 1')!#" ( 2#*. !# " ). ), " " #, # !3 ": 2 *#" " #" +, & ""!-! ! #* (!? ' #" &# " ( *#' ! # *#!" #*& #: ' " #" # ) *,'!(#( : & * ! ( ) *,'!)#$% '% 03! ' # (#

-" 3@')!# ( 3# " ) * # '% 0( *!'#$% : "), # "& ! "#: & ),&#$% ! ,# ! ? !# ) * " '3 3!( ": *& ( #* ' : )4

* - * 2 T#22# '! : ) * #$% ;" (!2 '$#" ( * ( ( <," !$#

" #, # !3# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# : '+,#' & !* ! & '( " ,)! '# " ) '2 ! ": #*& !#'( 'X* ( ) '2 ! " " 3!( " * 6 #'( # ) =!" 1')!# " )!# : " ,'( -,")# #& '#" ( )!(!0 ": " '( '( # *# * ( # " ,'! # #!" ( & ( : " ,)! '#'( * ' " ) '2 ! " ( ! #'( # ) =!" 1')!#4

' ,( : 2# (# <," !$# " #, # !3# '% 3!"# ; &,'!$% ( 2 '" "!* ",# "& '"#-! !7#$% # #3C" (# &# #$% '% +, (!7 +, '% ( 3# " ( # ,*# 2 *# !*! #(#4 " & +, : * "* " '( # &# #$% , !& ( ) '", # , 2 *# "& '"#-! !7#$% : '% " & ( ' # +, # #*-C* ) *& # ) #, ( ' "!(#( &# # 2 '" 4

" " ' !( : C & !' ' # -" 3#$% 2 ! # & ' J! ")6: "6H 6 6 # !' ( +, 2 '" '% & ( & # & "!*& "* ' '% "& '( # ( ! Y(#' : & !" # # &# # # ' ) ""!(#( ( +, =!" #* !*! " # #) ( " #, #( 4 " # ' ) ""!(#( : #(3C*: #*-C*: ( 2# ( +, ' * " *& " ? & "".3 #2#" # 0" &,'! !3!"* (# <," !$#

" #, # !3# ) '" ,! ,*# & )!"# (!3!"% ' * ( &,'! !3 " #, # !3 4

* #7% (# =! 1')!# ( !*! ": * " ,0" ' ) ""? ! #3# !# #" (,#" #'( " & "!$D " / !)#" # "& ! ( , # (# <," !$# " #, # !3# * #$% # "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# A& "& ) !3#" *#=!*# !" # *!'!*# !" #B: - * ) * " "!" *#" ( ") ! " & #' "": -,")#'( 3 !2!)# +,# # * 6 2 *# ( # !), # " ( !" * ( ": 3! #'( +, " * & <,(!)#(#" #" # #' !#" ( 2 '" 4

(14)

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

') ,!,0" +, # <," !$# " #, # !3# '% ( 3 ",-" ! ,! & ) "" & '# # & '#: *#" # ,# ( 2 *# ) *& * ' # : & ""!-! ! #'( , # "& " # & '# +, '% # &,'! !3#W (#3!#: ( 3 & "",! ) # #, ' *!# * #$% # "!" *# ) !*!'# : * #7% ( ",# / !)# (!" !' #4

!'(# # "" "& ! : )#- ( " #)# +, '% " ) '"!( # #) #(# # ") 6# ( " / !) " *#=!*# !" #" ( & ""!-! ! # # !*& "!$% (# &# #$% : -,")#'( #*& !# ," (# <," !$# " #, # !3#4 * ( " ) *& ' ' " 2,'(#* ' #!" ( " # <," !$# C # 3 ,' # ! (#( (#" &# " ( ' #<# *0" '# -,")# ( " ,$% &# # ) '2 ! 4 "* +, " # 3 ,' # ! (#( '% " <# & '# E & !')!&# * ' & +, "!" *# & '# : ( # ,*# 2 *#: = ) ? ) ) '" #' !* ' E: # ( 3 " & " 3#(#: &# # +, " 3! +, * ( " #, # !3 !') # * " "!*! # " # " ( * ( #-! ! #( : , " <#: !*& # " #, #$% & #) (! # +, #""!* " ? " & * 3 '( - *: '% !*& '( ,*# &,'!$% 4

!'(# ' )#*& / !) : & ,0" & #- (# " & !').&! " -?"!) " (# <," !$# " #, # !3# #- #( " & #" #$D " '!(#" #' " ( #'# !"# " * * ' " * +, #" & ? !)#" " #, # !3#" & ( * " % " '( , ! !7#(#" * (!3 " " &#." ": - * ) * ,)!(# +,#!" "% #" & ? !)#" *#!" , ! !7#(#" * +, ) '"!" *: * #7% (# ' ) ""!(#( ( ) '2 ' # " & " , #( " / !) " E " <#* " !,'( " ( " & !').&! " (# , (#

! # , # +, 3 "# " - *# #'# !"#( E ) * +, 3 * #) ' ) '( '# & ? !)#4 ( 0" (!7 +, #!" & !').&! " "% ' #( " +,#'( " # # (# !*& * ' #$% !'" ! ,)! '# !7#$% (# <," !$# " #, # !3#: & !" "# ! ' #* 2# " !*& ")!'(.3 !" &# # - * ," 2,')! '#* ' (#" & ? !)#" " #, # !3#": # "#- 5 ) '" ' !* ' !'2 *#( : # 3 ,' # ! (#( : # ) '2!( ')!# !(#( : # *#', '$% (# & ",'$% ( !' )1')!# A'# 6!&/ " ( )#" '# ; <," !$# ) !*!'# B: " #- )!* ' ( #" ( '3! ( )#" " &# # " & #*#" ) '6 )!* ' ( #) ( ),*& !( ) * 2 $# ( ) !"# <, #(#4

(15)

F +, " ( 3 & !3! !# ')#*!'6#* ' " #' ! " # 2 )!* ' (# #$% & '# : 3! #'( 0 " : ( " # 2 *#: & ) "" & '# : , ' % '#" & !* ! #" 2#" " ( " : # 2!* ( 3 = !' # # &,'!-! !(#( ( 2 '" -" #), !7#( " # 3! !*!7#$% 4

(#3!#: & #*#" +, " <#* (!"& '.3 !" # ' ( & ) "" & '# '% ( 3 * " ' ! ')!#( ": 3!" +, & ""!-! ! #* +, #" &# " & *: 2 ' ; 6!&/ " ( " , )#" ')#*!'6#( ; <," !$# " #, # !3#: & " 3 ) '2 ! " * +, ) # ,*# &,'!$% 4 "" " ' !( : #*-C* C 2,'(#* ' # +, " <#* , #* ' #(#" #" 2 *#" (

) &$% ( " #) ( " " #, # !3 " & # <," !$# ) !*!'# : -< !3#'( : & !')!&# * ' : # 2 !3# (,$% ( ," (# & '# ( & !"% 4

!'# * ' : +,#' ;" & ? !)#": 2 ! & "".3 ) '" # # # # 2 =!-! !(#( (# <," !$# " #, # !3#: )#&#7 ( !' (,7! * )#'!"* " +, #,=! !#* '# ) '" ,$% ( & ) "" ( <," !$#: & *! ! # ) '" #' #'"2 *#$% (#" & ? !)#" ) '2 * #" ' ) ""!(#( " ( " )#" " ) ') ": # #3C": & = *& : (# !' (,$% ( ) 0* (!#( ": (# * (!#$% !'(! # (# ",-" ! ,!$% (# 3. !*# & , # * )#" " #3 ": & = *& 4

#*-C* * " ,0" !*& ")!'(.3 #- (# : #!'(# +, ( 2 *# !*! #(#: ,*# (#" =& !1')!#" - #"! ! #" ) * # <," !$# " #, # !3#: ( " '3 3!(# '# <," !$# & '# ( * ' ": * 4 #3# !#$% & ""!-! ! , 3 !2!)# +, # ,'" & - *#" / !) "

& (,7! #*0" '# & ? !)#: # = *& (# 2 *# ( # !), #$% (# <," !$# " #, # !3# ) * "!" *# ) !*!'# ",#" ) '" +V1')!#"4 ( 2!)!1')!# ') ' #(# ( ) ( 2# ( & #*#

') ' # 0" ( *#"!#(#* ' !'" !( '# " , , # <,(!)!? !#: +, & ( ) *& * ",# )#&#)!(#( !' (,7! *,(#'$#" ' "!" *#4

"" " ' !( : #,&& > ' ( ! -" 3#* +, # <," !$# " #, # !3# & "",! ( !" ,& " ( 2!'# !(#( ": +, " % !' ! #(#"5 #" !'" ! ,)! '#!" #" & . !) 0) !*!'#!"4 " & !* ! #" 3!"#* # #& 2 !$ #* ' (# #(*!'!" #$% (# <," !$# ) !*!'# : & '( '(

"& '( ; ",# ) !" ( ! !*!(#( 4 ? #" " ,'(#" # * <#* #'"2 *# # #* ' " 3#( # ( ! 31 * '# <," !$# " #, # !3# ,*# !*& #' 2 #* ' # ( !' 3 '$% " )!# : 3 #(# &# # # #'"2 *#$% 4 (#3!#: # #* #" & "+,!"#( #": C & )!" ),!(#( &# # +, #" & !* ! #" '% !'3!#-! !7 * ( " '3 3!* ' (#" " ,'(#": '#" 6!&/ " " * +, # <," !$# " #, # !3# " !3 !'" !(# ' "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# ( # 2 *# +, 3 '6# " * ' 2 $# ",#" !'" ! ,!$D ": " * " )#&#7 ( !' (,7! 2 !3# *,(#'$# * " , 2,')! '#* ' 4

(16)

L C* ( #'# !"# # =& !1')!#: -,") ,0" 3 !2!)# " )#*!'6 " (# !*& * ' #$% A !'" ! ,)! '# !7#$% B (# <," !$# " #, # !3# ' > #"! 4 # # #' : #'# !"# #*0" #" ) . !)#" +, ) " ,*#* " (! ! !(#" ; <," !$# " #, # !3# +,#' ; = '"% (# ( ( ) ' # 3! #$% (#" # #' !#" <, .(!)#"4

""!'# # # ( ! # +, \,*# 3 7 +, #" & "" #" " 3 #* &# # *#' ! #" ! #!" & !3#(#" ( !(# ) * ) !* : ) !* # 3! 1')!# "% * 3!( " (# "2 # '# +,# & ( 6#3 ,*# * (!#$% . !*# #*& # ( ) '2 ! ": !" C: #+, # ( "!" *# <,(!)!? ! ]84

(#3!#: &# # +, " "!" *# = $# # 2,'$% : ( 3 ! !*!(#( 4

#' : &# # #3# !# # !*& * ' #$% (# <," !$# " #, # !3# ' ) ' = '#)! '# : C & )!" : & !*!'# * ' : #'# !"?0 ' +, #' ; 2# # ( ! !*!(#( ( "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# ",# !' 2!)!1')!# &# # #(*!'!" # # ) '2 ! ,# !(#( " )!# 4 # !')#&#)!(#( : " *#(# ; ) ") ' 3! 1')!# " )!# # ( " "& ! # " (! ! " )!3!": !*&D * # "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# ( "#2! ( " , , # 0" -,")# # '# !3#"4

"" " ' !( : 3 !2!) ,0" +, & < (# <," !$# " #, # !3# 3!'), #0" # & ) "" ( 2 *, #$% <,(!)!# - #"! ! : +, -,")# #<," ?0 # ) ' = ( * ) ? !) 4 <," !$#

" #, # !3# &#""# # " ,*# # '# !3# &# # A B ! !*# "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# : * (!#' # +,# !2!)#$% (# #(*!'!" #$% (# <," !$# # !' (,$% (# & ""!-! !(#( (

" 3 ) '2 ! ( 2 *# '% 3! ' #4

" ,! : 2 ' ;" 3#' # '" +, # !' (,$% (# <," !$# " #, # !3# ' > #"! ) *& #: &#"" ,0" ; #'? !" ( ",#" ) . !)#"4 P,#' ; ) . !)# ( = '"% (# ( ( ) ' 2 *# : 3!,0" " & "".3 3! ?0 #: & = *& : * (!#' ) ! C ! " ( ( !3#$% +, =) ,#* )#" " ( -# # # )#" " +, '% & "",#* *.'!* ",& & -# / ! #) )# (# #, !# *# !# !(#( ( ! !3#" (,7#* # (!") !)! '# ! (#( '# ( )!"% ( '3! ( " )#" " # " & #*#" " #, # !3 "4

<," !$# " #, # !3# ( 3 # ,# : & #' : ( 2 *# # (!*!',! 'X* ( )#" " ')#*!'6#( " # "!" *# &,'! !3 : (,7! # #& !)#$% ( "#'$D " &,'! !3#" : #)!*# ( ,( : ( 2 *# # !') * ' # #) "" ; <," !$# ) * +,# !(#( 4

* #$% ; (!"),""% " - # 3! #$% (#" # #' !#" A! ,# (#( , ) 1')!# ( " )#" ! ": & & )! '# !(#( !*&# )!# !(#( B # &# !)!&#$% (# 3. !*# '# " ,$% ( ) '2 ! A#)# #'( # & !3# !7#$% ( * "* B: & ) - 0" +, # ,*#" ) . !)#" "% ( = *# !*& @')!#: & !" ""# #* # ' ) ""!(#( ( " !*! " ( " #) ( " " #, # !3 ": ) * C )#" (# ) . !)# # & !').&! (# & & )! '# !(#( 4 (#3!#: ( 2 *# # : #"

8

: "# ! " ( ! 4 " 9' 5 ) !* : " #$% )!(#(#'!# * % #, 4 % #, 5

(17)

M ) . !)#" # * ( " #, #( &# ) * '% ",-"!" ! * (!#' " # ,* ' " ( * (

" #, # !3 A#& !#( " '# & ? !)# ( " ( !" * ( "B4 ( *#!": #" ) . !)#" " % 2 * ' -#" #(#" ' " &# @* " ( * ( !-, !3 : , " <#: #') #*0" '# #)! '# !(#( & '# * ( '#4

""!*: )#- &!"# : '% " & ( & '"# +, '% =!" #* # #' !#" ' * ( " #, # !3 4 '2 * )! '# # #, !: # (!"),""% '% ( 3 " ) ' # '#" 6!&/ " " & " #" ( U) * , " * # #' !#"I4 # 3 (#( : ( 3 0" &# ! (# & *!""# ( +, # #' !#" "% ' ) ""? !#" !*& ")!'(.3 !": *#"

' !*& !)# #",*! ( )6 & '# ' ", 2 *# #) ,# : +, " )# #) !7# ' "/ & #" , # ,'#" # #' .#" "!' & " # & "!(!( & -< !3 ( )#" ! #

' 3 7 ( " ,)! '# ' , # !7# ) '2 !) : & !*& ' ,'#" & '#" # !'2 #) +, ) '"!" ' ' & !3# ( !- #( G & ' # #, ' *.# # # 3.) !*#49

" +, " D " #'# !"#(#" ' " #-# 6 & '( #* ' -# & "& ) !3#" & ? !)#" / !)#" #)! '#(#" ;" (!2 ' " 2 *#" ( # !), #$% (# <," !$# " #, # !3# ) * "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# ; ",# !*& * ' #$% : & !')!&# * ' ' ) ' = - #"! ! 4

""!*: 3!"#'( ) ' !-,! ) * " ( -# " #) )# (# !*& * ' #$% A !'" ! ,)! '# !7#$% B (# <," !$# " #, # !3# ' &#.": & ,0" : # 2!'# ( #-# 6 : & #'# !"# & < ( ! '_ M LYL: +, & &D # !' (,$% ( (!"& "! !3 " ' ( '#* ' <, .(!) - #"! ! : 3!"#'( , # ," ( & ? !)#" " #, # !3#" * ) '<,' ) * # <," !$# ) !*!'# 4

) +, : ) * " & '( , ( * '" # : # & < & "",! !'X* #" +, " D " & - *? !)#" +, ( *#'(#* ( -# " *#!" #*& " &# # " * "#'#(#": &# # +, ' % " & ""# & '"# '# !'" ! ,)! '# !7#$% (# <," !$# " #, # !3# ) * !'" ,* ' )#&#7 ( & * 3 ,*# "! '!2!)# !3# *,(#'$# ' "!" *# ( <," !$# ) !*!'# 4

9