C
ONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DAP
RÓLÊPSISDE
E
PICUROMiguel Spinelli
1RESUMO(VWHDUWLJRVHRFXSDHPDYHULJXDURVWHUPRVFRPRVTXDLV&tFHUR/XFUpFLRH'LyJHQHV
/DpUFLREXVFDUDPWRUQDUFRPSUHHQVtYHODprólêpsisGH(SLFXUR&tFHURIRUQHFHXRVWHUPRVantecipatio, praenotio e informationem; Lucrécio, notitia, exemplare et vestigiaDÀPGHGDUYR]HH[SRUHQWUHRVODWLQRVD GRXWULQDGRHSLFXULVPR'LyJHQHV/DpUFLRLQGLFRXRVWHUPRVkatalêpsis, dóxa, énnoia, hypólêpsin, com os TXDLVVHJXQGRHOHRVSUySULRVHSLFXULVWDVWHQWDUDPH[SOLFLWDUDprólêpsisGH(SLFXUR3RUÀPRDUWLJR H[S}HDRSLQLmRGHDOJXQVFRPHQWDGRUHVFRQWHPSRUkQHRV
PALAVRAS-CHAVE3UyOrSVLV$QWHFLSDWLR3UHQRWLRQRWLWLD.DWDOrSVLV
1 A TRADUÇÃODE CÍCERO EOSMAL-ENTEDIDOS PROMOVIDOSPORELE
A origem do termo prólêpsisGHYHVHDXPQHRORJLVPRIRUMDGRSRU(SLFXUR
HSRUHOHLQWURGX]LGRQDOLWHUDWXUDRXOLQJXDJHPÀORVyÀFD´&RLVDVQRYDVH[LJHP QRPHVQRYRVHVFUHYHX&tFHURQRDe natura deorumDVVLPFRPRIH](SLFXURFRP
RTXHFKDPRXGHprólêpsinWHUPRTXHQLQJXpPDQWHVGHOHIH]PHQomRµ&Ì&(52
,;9,,&tFHURFRQWULEXLXGHGXDVPDQHLUDVTXDQWRDRWHPDGDprólêpsis
XPDSRVLWLYDRIHUHFHQGRRVWHUPRVODWLQRVantecipatio e praenotio²antecipação e prenoçãoSDUDDOLQJXDJHPÀORVyÀFDSRVWHULRU2TXH(SLFXURGHQRPLQDprólêpsin
HVFUHYHX&tFHUR´>@pXPDDQWHFLSDomRGDVFRLVDVQDPHQWHanteceptam animo rei
IHLWRXPDLQIRUPDomRinformationemFRQGLomRVHPDTXDOWHUtDPRVGLÀFXOGDGH
3URIHVVRUGH+LVWyULDGD)LORVRÀD$QWLJDGR'HSDUWDPHQWRGH)LORVRÀDGD8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH
Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul.
´6XQWHQLPUHEXVQRYLVQRYDSRQHQGDQRPLQDXW(SLFXUXVLSVHprólêpsinDSSHOODYLWTXDPDQWHD
GHUHÁHWLUGHLQYHVWLJDUHGHGLVFXWLURTXHTXHUTXHVHMDµ&Ì&(52, ;9,RXWUDQHJDWLYDFULDQGRVDEHQGRRXVHPVDEHUFRPRWHUPR´innatas
cognitiones²conhecimentos inatosµ&Ì&(52,;9,,XPHTXtYRFRTXHVH
HVWHQGHXSRUERDSDUWHGDWUDGLomRLQWHUSUHWDWLYDGDGRXWULQDGH(SLFXUR
$WUDGXomRGH&tFHURGHprólêpsisSDUDantecipatio e praenotioantecipação e prenoçãoUHVXOWRXWmRDFHUWDGDTXHIRLDFROKLGDHDLQGDKRMHFRPSDUHFHQDPDLRULD
DEVROXWDGRVFRPHQWDGRUHVjVYH]HVFRPRIRVVHPGHOHVDprólêpsisDQRWRXSRU
H[HPSOR*DUFtD*XDOVHPTXDOTXHUUHIHUrQFLDD&tFHUR´>@SRGHPRVWUDGX]LU
como preconcepção ou antecipaçãoµ *8$/ S 4XDQWR DR VXSRVWR
HTXtYRFR SURPRYLGR SRU &tFHUR SRGH WHU VLGR DSHQDV UHVXOWDGR GH XPD Pi LQWHUSUHWDomRGHVXDVSURSRVLo}HVYLVWRTXHHOHPDQLIHVWDSOHQDFRQVFLrQFLDGH TXHDVideiasHP(SLFXURQmRVmRGHULYDGDVGHRXWUDIRQWHVHQmRGDVVHQVDo}HV
GD H[SHULrQFLD QDWXUDO KXPDQD SHUFHSWtYHO 'H TXDOTXHU PRGR &tFHUR QHVVH SRQWRQmRpFODURDRPHQFLRQDUTXHDVprólêpsisVmRinatasSRGHULDFODUDPHQWHWHU
DFHQWXDGRTXHQmRVmRFRQJrQLWDVRXFRQDWDVTXHQmRHVWDQGRFRPRLQGLYtGXR GHVGHRVHXQDVFLPHQWRHQWmRVmRnão natasHSRUWDQWRIRUDPDGTXLULGDV
6HDVSUHQRo}HVnão VmRnascidasFRPRVXMHLWRSRUFHUWRYLHUDPGHSRLV(ODV
QDVFHPVHJXQGR(SLFXURHPGHFRUUrQFLDGDVKXPDQDVSHUFHSo}HVQDWXUDLVTXHR VXMHLWRWHPDUHVSHLWRGDVFRLVDVGRPXQGRHTXHYmRVHDFXPXODQGRHPVXDPHQWH
e, assim, gerando antecipaçõesIRUMDQGRQRo}HVFRQFHLWRVRXLGHLDVRSLQDWLYDVTXH
VHHVWDEHOHFHPQDPHQWHHTXHVHPSUHRXFRWLGLDQDPHQWHLQWHUIHUHPQDVRSLQL}HV YLQFXODGDV D QRYDV SHUFHSo}HV PDQLIHVWDV QR SUHVHQWH QR PRPHQWR DWXDO $WtWXORGHLOXVWUDomRDVprólêpsisGH(SLFXURH[SUHVVDPXPPRGRGHVHURXGH
SRUWDUVHGDPDLRULDGDVSHVVRDVFRPXQVFRWLGLDQDVTXHSHUDQWHFHUWDRFRUUrQFLD DFRQWHFLPHQWRRXIDWRUHWLUDPORJRGHVXDVOHPEUDQoDVXPDRSLQLmRSURQWDHD SURIHUHPHPWRPGHFHUWH]DHFRQYHQFLPHQWR7RGRVQyVFRPHIHLWRWHPRVHGH TXDQGRHPTXDQGRQRVYDOHPRVGHQRVVDV´YHOKDVRSLQL}HVµ.
1mRFDEHDTXLLQYHVWLJDUDSHQDVFRQMHWXUDUTXHDWHRULDGDVideias inatas de
3ODWmRSRGHWHUSRUFRQWUDSRVWRVXJHVWLRQDGRDVprólêpsisGH(SLFXUR3RUFHUWR
WHPDTXHFDUHFHLQYHVWLJDURFRQFHLWRGHinatoQmRpRPHVPRHQWUHDPERV
´6ROXVHQLPYLGLWSULPXPHVVHGHRVTXRGLQRPQLXPDQLPLVHRUXPQRWLRQHPLQSUHVVLVVHWLSVD
QDWXUD>@TXDPDSSHOODWprólêpsin(SLFXUXVLGHVWDQWHFHSWDPDQLPRUHLTXDQGDPLQIRUPDWLRQHP VLQHTXDQHFLQWHOOHJLTXLFTXDPQHFTXDHULQHFGLVSXWDULSRWHVWµ
1DVSDODYUDVGHOH´>@ODprólepsisTXHSRGHPRVWUDGXFLUFRPRpreconcepción o antecipaciónµ
Raul Seixas, na Metamorfose Ambulante, cantou as prólêpsisGH(SLFXUR´3UHÀURVHUHVVDPHWDPRUIRVH
PDV D ULJRU XP QmR UHSHOH R RXWURInato FRPR Mi YLVWR QmR FRPSRUWD HP
(SLFXURDFRQRWDomRGHFRQJrQLWRQRVHQWLGRGHDOJRTXHWHPRVHXQDVFLPHQWR FRQWHPSRUkQHRDRGDPHQWHRXDOPDKXPDQDHTXHSRUWDQWRFRUUHVSRQGHULDD DOJRTXHQDVFHFRPRLQGLYtGXRRXTXHSUHH[LVWHDQWHVGHTXDOTXHUUHIHUrQFLDGR LQGLYtGXRDWXDODRVHQVtYHO6XSRQGRHQWUHWDQWRRYLpVSLWDJyULFRGDGRXWULQDGDV LGHLDVSODW{QLFDVREHVVHDVSHFWR3ODWmRH(SLFXURQmRVmRWmRGLYHUVRVIRUPXODP DPHVPDTXHVWmRSRUSRQWRVGHYLVWDGLIHUHQWHV1RFDVRGRVSLWDJyULFRVGDGRTXH
a mente ou a alma do indivíduo antecedeDRSUySULRLQGLYtGXRSRUTXHDVDOPDVVmR
FRHWkQHDVHFRQWLQJHQWHVjDOPDGRPXQGRPDVVHUHFLFODPHPFDGDLQGLYtGXR HQWmRDVLGHLDVSRUQmRVHUHPWRGDVFRQWHPSRUkQHDVjHWHUQLGDGHGDDOPDVmR
todavia, antecedentesDRLQGLYtGXR$VDOPDVDFXPXODPH[SHULrQFLDVUHODWLYDVDRV
LQGLYtGXRVHDVVLPYmRVHLQWHUFDPELDQGRGHLQGLYtGXRDLQGLYtGXR6mRFRPR PDLVDGLDQWHYHUHPRVDVexperiências anterioresTXHFRQVWLWXHPDVprólêpseis²UD]mR
SHODTXDOVmRDQWHFLSDo}HVSUHQRo}HVVHQHVVHVHQWLGRVmRinatasDVVLPRVmR
QDPHGLGDHPTXHVHDQWHFLSDPDQWHFHGHPDTXDOTXHUMXt]RDWXDOGHFRUUHQWH GH SHUFHSo}HV DWXDLV 2 MXt]R GH XPD SHUFHSomR DWXDO FRQWD VHPSUH FRP D LQWHUIHUrQFLDGHSHUFHSo}HVH[SHULrQFLDVHMXt]RVDQWHULRUHVIRUMDGRVSRUHVWH RXDTXHOHLQGLYtGXRQRSHUFXUVRGRFRWLGLDQRGDYLGD²HLVDtDTXHVWmR
1RUPDQ GH :LWW WDOYH] LQÁXHQFLDGR SRU &tFHUR FRQFHEH DV prólêpseis
FRPRLGHLDVLQDWDVHPSDUWLFXODUDGH'HXVHDGHMXVWLoDLPSODQWDGDVQDPHQWHH FRPRWDOVHJXQGRHOHEHPGLVWLQWDVGRVFRQFHLWRVJHUDLVepínoiaiREWLGRVDSDUWLU
GDVVHQVDo}HV'H:LWWGHPRGRLQFRQYHQLHQWHVREUHS{VD(SLFXURDDQDPQHVH SODW{QLFD H DVVLP IH] FRP TXH DVprólêpseis VRE RV WHUPRV GD WHRULD GDVideias
LQDWDVGH3ODWmRSUHFHGHVVHPDH[SHULrQFLDDOJRTXHHPUHIHUrQFLDD(SLFXUR UHVXOWDLQFRUUHWR´>@VHXPDLGHLDSUHFHGHTXDOTXHUFRLVDREVHUYRX'H:LWW LVVRSRGHGLÀFLOPHQWHVHURXWUDFRLVDTXHDH[SHULrQFLD$GLWDLGHLDGHYHVHUSRU
FRQVHTXrQFLDLQDWDµ'(:,77S2UDGDGRTXHHP(SLFXURDLGHLD
QmRSUHFHGHDH[SHULrQFLDPDVQDVFHFRPHODHQWmRDGLWDLGHLDQmRSRGHVHULQDWD DQWHVGHTXDOTXHURXPDLVH[DWDPHQWHGHXPDSULPHLUDH[SHULrQFLDFRPRVXS}H 'H:LWWSDUDFHUWDVH[SHULrQFLDVSDUDDTXHODVTXHUHDOL]DPRVSHODSULPHLUDYH]RX SDUDDVTXDLVQmRWHPRVDQWHFHGHQWHVLVWRFDEHHP(SLFXURDGPLWLUQmRVHLPS}HP
antecipações DSHQDV LPDJLQiULRV RX LGHDo}HV LPDJLQDWLYDV epibolês 2 DQWHFHGHU das prólêpseis j H[SHULrQFLD UHTXHU DQWHV DOJXPD H[SHULrQFLD VHP D TXDO QmR Ki antecipaçõesDSHQDVLPDJLQDo}HVeSUHFLVRTXHWHQKDPRVXPDSULPHLUDH[SHULrQFLD
HPGHSHQGrQFLDGDTXDOLQHYLWDYHOPHQWHIRUMDPRVRSLQL}HVHGHSRLVGHODXPD RXWUDHXPDRXWUDHWFDÀPGHTXHSRVVDPRVQDPHGLGDHPTXHWDLVH[SHULrQFLDV VHFRQVHUYDPQDPHPyULDFRQVROLGDUDOJXPDLGHLDUDFLRQDOPHQWHDMXL]DGD
´>«@LI DQLGHDSUHFHGHVRUDQWLFLSDWHVVRPHWKLQJWKLVFDQKDUGO\EHDQ\WKLQJEXWH[SHULHQFH7KH
3HORTXHREHUYDPRVRXWURHTXtYRFRSURPRYLGRSRU&tFHURTXHDOLiV WDPEpPFRQVWDHP'H:LWWHVWiQRVWHUPRVWDOFRPRHOHDWULEXLXD(SLFXUR
a prólêpsis SRUHOHGLWDinformationemTXHWHPRVDUHVSHLWRGRVGHXVHV'HFODUD
HOHTXHFRQIRUPH(SLFXUR´>@DQDWXUH]DGHWRGRVQyVDGPLWHomnium natura consentitµTXHRVGHXVHVH[LVWHPHSRUHVVHDGPLWLUVXUWHDYDOL]DGRSRUWRGRVXP consenso comum&Ì&(52,;9,,7DPEpPDTXLRHTXtYRFRVHGHXQR
FRQFHEHUHVVDLGHLDVXSRVWDFRPRFRQVHQWLGDSRUnaturezaFRPRVHDWRGRVIRVVH conaturalQRVHQWLGRGHFRQJrQLWDLQDWDQDVFLGDFRPWRGRVLQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH
GRSHUFHEHUVHQVtYHOVHPSUHSUHGLVSRVWRVREUHWXGRQDPHGLGDHPTXHDPDLRULD IRUPXODVREUHRVHQVtYHOMXt]RVIDOVRVDSURPRYHUHPQyVLPDJLQDo}HVHFUHQoDV ÀUPHVHXQkQLPHV0DVYHMDPRVFRPR&tFHURH[S{VDTXHVWmRHPWHUPRVGDGRV FRPRSDODYUDVGH(SLFXUR
D ´4XHDPHVPDQDWXUH]DTXHQRVGHXDLGHLDGRVGHXVHVLQVFXOSLXHPQRVVD PHQWHDFRQVLGHUDomRGHTXHVmRHWHUQRVHIHOL]HVµ&tFHUR,;9,, 3RUHVVHGL]HUVHULDSODXVtYHOQRFRQWH[WRGDGRXWULQDGH(SLFXUR
DSHQDVDGPLWLUVHPDTXLID]HUDOJXPMXt]RGHYDORUVHSRVLWLYRRXQHJDWLYR TXH DVVLP FRPR D QRVVD QDWXUH]D SURPRYH HP QyV D LGHLD GRV GHXVHV WDPEpPpGHQRVVDQDWXUH]DPDLVHVSHFLÀFDPHQWHGDQDWXUH]DGHQRVVD PHQWHDGPLWLUTXHRVGHXVHVVmRHWHUQRVHIHOL]HVPHOKRUGL]HQGRQmR
FDEHQDQRVVDPHQWHDGPLWLUTXHRVGHXVHVVmRPRUWDLVHLQIHOL]HV²XP 'HXVPRUWDOHLQIHOL]SRUVXSRVWRQmRVHULDXP'HXV´$QD[LPDQGURHVWH UHODWRWDPEpPpGH&tFHURHID]SDUWHGRPHVPRFRQWH[WRpGHRSLQLmR TXHRVGHXVHVHVWmRVXMHLWRVjJHUDomRSRLVHOHVQDVFHPHPRUUHPDORQJRV LQWHUYDORV0DVQyVGXYLGD&tFHURFRPRSRGHUtDPRVFRQFHEHUXP'HXV TXHQmRVHMDHWHUQR"µ&Ì&(52,;;
E (SLFXUR HVFUHYHX &tFHUR GH PRGR PDLV FDXWHORVR ´>@ DÀUPD TXH RV GHXVHVH[LVWHPHTXHDQDWXUH]DLPSULPLXHPWRGDVDVPHQWHVDOJXPDQRomR D UHVSHLWR GHOHVµ &tFHUR , ;9, &tFHUR PHQFLRQD ´DOJXPD
QRomRµHQmRWRGDV2UDVHDLGHLDGH'HXVIRVVHHPQyVHIHWLYDPHQWHLQDWD WHUtDPRV´WRGDLGHLDµDUHVSHLWRGH'HXVHQmRalguma3RUFRQVHTXrQFLD
WDPEpPQmRFDEHULDDGPLWLUTXHDLGHLDTXHWHPRVDUHVSHLWRGRVGHXVHV
´4XDHHQLPQRELVQDWXUDLQIRUPDWLRQHPLSVRUXPGHRUXPGHGLWHDGHPLQVFXOSVLWLQPHQWLEXVXW
HRVDHWHUQRVHWEHDWRVKDEHUHPXVµ
´(SLFXUR GL] TXH 'HXV p IHOL] H LQFRUUXSWtYHO SRUTXH p HWHUQR ² (SLFXUXV 'HXP EHDWXP HW
LQFRUUXSWXPYRFDWTXLDVHPSLWHUQXVHVWµ/$&7Ç1&,2,,,
$QD[LPDQGULDXWHPRSLQLRHVWQDWLYRVHVVHGHRVORQJLVLQWHUYDOOLVVHGQRVGHXPQLVLVHPSLWHUQXP
LQWHOOHJHUHTXLSRVVXPXV"µ
´6ROXVHQLPYLGLWSULPXPHVVHGHRVTXRGLQRPQLXPDQLPLVHRUXPQRWLRQHPLPSUHVVLVVHWLSVD
QRVDGYpP´>@SRUDOJXPDDXWRULGDGHRXSRUXVRVHFRVWXPHVmoreRX
SRUOHLµPDVapenasSRU´XPFRQVHQVRDGPLWLGRSRUWRGRVunum omnium ÀUPDFRQVHQVLRµ&Ì&(52,;9,,HREYLDPHQWHDYDOL]DGRSRU QDWXUH]DRTXHQmRSRGHULDGHL[DUGHVHUQDPHGLGDHPTXHSDUD(SLFXUR DQDWXUH]DpRSUHVVXSRVWRFHUWLÀFDGRUGHWRGRHTXDOTXHUVDEHU6HEHP TXH p GD ´DXWRULGDGHµ GH QRVVD PHQWH HP ~OWLPD LQVWkQFLD H VHJXQGR (SLFXURTXHUHWLUDPRVFRPRMiYLVWRSRUH[HPSORDVQRo}HVGHeternidade e de felicidadeGRVGHXVHV'LyJHQHVGH(QRDQGDRGLVFtSXORGH(SLFXUR
TXH PDQGRX LQVFXOSLU QRV PXURV GH VXD FLGDGH D GRXWULQD GR PHVWUH
DHVVHUHVSHLWRGLULJLXVHDRVVHXVFRQFLGDGmRVQHVWHVWHUPRV´(XQDGD WRUQHLS~EOLFRDUHVSHLWRGRVGHXVHVTXHQmRWLYHVVHDSRLRQRUDFLRFtQLR
<logismós!µ',Ð*(1(6'((12$1'$IUDJ&+,/721
F $ÀUPD&tFHURTXH(SLFXURHQVLQDYDTXH´>@HPYLUWXGHGRYLJRUPRGRGH VHUHGDQDWXUH]Dvim et naturamGRVGHXVHVHOHVQmRVmRDQWHVSHUFHELGRV
SHORVVHQWLGRVPDVSHODPHQWHnon sensu, sed menteµ+iDTXLXPDGLÀFXOGDGH
XPDYH]TXHHPGHSHQGrQFLDGRVWH[WRVTXHFRQKHFHPRVGH(SLFXURRV GHXVHVQmRVHGHL[DPSHUFHEHUSHORVVHQWLGRVQHPantesHQHPGHSRLVGH
FRQFHELGRVSHODUD]mR'RTXHMiIRLGLWRRPRGRGHVHUGRVGHXVHVRX VHMDDVXDHWHUQLGDGHHIHOLFLGDGHSRUH[HPSORVyDPHQWHSRGH´SHUFHEHUµ 2XWURGDGRpTXHGRVGHXVHVQDGDFRQKHFHPRVQmRVDEHPRVDOJRDUHVSHLWR GHOHVDRPRGRFRPRFRQKHFHPRVDVFRLVDVTXH(SLFXUR´>@GHQRPLQDGH
sterémniaµLVWRpFRPRFRLVDVsólidas, ÀUPHVsoliditate, ÀUPLWDWH²QDVSDODYUDV
GH&tFHUR5HVXOWDSRUWDQWRTXHRVGHXVHVVmRDSHQDVVHUHVHWpUHRV0DV
(SLFXURQmRQRVRIHUHFHXPDLRUHVH[SOLFDo}HVDHVVHUHVSHLWR
$MXGDQRVGHDOJXPPRGRDFRPSUHHQGHUDTXHVWmRRTXHSRUH[HPSOR $pFLR UHJLVWURX D UHVSHLWR GR FRPR RV HVWRLFRV FRQFHEHUDP D produção QD
PHQWH GH QRo}HV RX FRQFHLWRV ennoíai QD PHQWH ´$ UHVSHLWR GDV QRo}HV
XPDVVmRSURGX]LGDVVHPDUWHQDWXUDOPHQWHGRPRGRFRPRMiGLVVHPRVLVWR p SHOD VHQVDomR SHOD PHPyULD H SHOD H[SHULrQFLD RXWUDV D SDUWLU GH QRVVRV DSUHQGL]DGRV H GH QRVVDV LQYHVWLJDo}HV (VVDV VmR GHQRPLQDGDV DSHQDV GH
noções ennoíai DTXHODV GH antecipações prólêpseis)µ $pFLR SHOR TXH FRQVWD
vincula as prólêpseisVRERSRQWRGHYLVWDHVWRLFRDRTXHQDPHQWHVHSURGX]
GHPRGRQDWXUDORXHVSRQWkQHRWUDWDVHFRPRHOHH[SOLFDGHXPproduzirTXH
Tratamos demoradamente desse autor no livro Os Caminhos de Epicuro6mR3DXOR/R\ROD 7HUPRVFRPRVTXDLV&tFHURWUDGX]LXsterémnia, no De natura deorum,;,;(P(SLFXURQD
Carta a HeródotoRWHUPRFRPSDUHFHQRVSDUiJUDIRVHHTXHUMXVWDPHQWHH[SUHVVDUDVFRLVDV sólidas.
$e&,2Placita ,9 DSXG /21* $QWKRQ\ $ 6('/(< '1 (GThe Hellenistic
VHGiPHGLDQWHXPFRQVyUFLRHQWUHVHQVDomRPHPyULDHH[SHULrQFLD6REHVVH SRQWRRTXDOH[SOLFLWDUHPRVPDLVDGLDQWHHSLFXUHXVHHVWRLFRVDSDUHQWHPHQWH
coincidemPDVQmRQRTXHFRQFHUQHjGLVWLQomRSURSULDPHQWHGLWDTXDOVHMD
GHTXHDHVSRQWDQHLGDGHFRPDTXDOPHQWHSURGX]DVVXDVQRo}HVDVprólêpseis
QmRH[SUHVVDFRPXPDSUHQGL]DGRDRFRQWUiULRDVnoçõesSURGX]LGDVQDPHQWH
SRUH[SHULrQFLDRXVHMDGHULYDGDVGHVHQVDo}HVUHSHWLGDVJXDUGDGDVQDPHPyULD HTXHYrPDVHFRQVWLWXLUHPXPDH[SHULrQFLD²QmRDULJRUFRQVROLGDGDSRUTXH DV H[SHULrQFLDV KXPDQDV HVWmR VHPSUH DEHUWDV SURQWDV D HYHQWXDLV PXGDQoDV H[SUHVVDPSDUDRVHSLFXUHXVXPUHDODSUHQGL]DGR
2 A TRADUÇÃOEACONCEPÇÃODE LUCRÉCIO
/XFUpFLRGLVWLQWRGH&tFHURHDQWHVGHantecipatio e de praenotioWUDGX]LX o termo prólêpsis, no De rerum naturaSRUnotitia, notities(OHVHUHIHUHjVprólêpseis como se fossem um exemplar, vestígioRXLQGtFLRexemplare et vestigiaTXHQRVFRORFDP
QDVHQGDGRFRQKHFLPHQWRRXTXHSRUIRUoDGHWDLVindicações, nos levam a nos
DYHQWXUDUHPH[SODQDo}HVWHyULFDV6mRSRUYH]HVSHTXHQDVFRLVDVIULVDHOHTXH QRVIRUQHFHP´>@RH[HPSODUGDVJUDQGHVFRLVDVHRYHVWtJLRSDUDDVnotitiaiSDUD
DVQRWLÀFDo}HVRXLQIRUPDo}HVRXLQGLFDo}HVTXHDUHVSHLWRGDVFRLVDVSRGHPRV WHUµ/8&5e&,2,,YY1RWUHFKRHPTXHHOHXVDnoticies, vale-se também de exemplar e de espécime´'HRQGHDGYLHUDPDRVGHXVHVRSULPHLUR
H[HPSODUexemplumSDUDJHUDUDVFRLVDVHWDPEpPDideiaRXSURWyWLSRnoticiesGH
KRPHQVHPYLVWDGRTXHVRXEHUDPHYLUDPFODUDPHQWHQDDOPDRTXHID]HU"µH UHVSRQGHQmRIRLRXWUDFRLVD´>@VHQmRDQDWXUH]DPHVPDTXHIRUQHFHXDRVGHXVHV RHVSpFLPHspecimen17*GDFULDomRµ/8&5e&,29YY(PRXWUR lugar, ele vincula o conceito de noticies com o de prima potestas
4XDQWRDRVGLYHUVRVVRQVIRLDQDWXUH]DTXHIRUoRXRVKRPHQVDHPLWLORV HDXWLOLGDGHDH[SUHVVDURQRPHGDVFRLVDV>@$GPLWLUTXHSULPHLURKRXYH DOJXpPTXHGLVWULEXLXQRPHVSDUDDVFRLVDVHTXHGHSRLVRVRXWURVKRPHQV DSUHQGHUDP RV SULPHLURV YRFiEXORV LVVR p XP Pi[LPR GH ORXFXUD 6H XP
1mRGiFRPHIHLWRSDUDSURQWDPHQWHVHLGHQWLÀFDURTXHQRJHUDOHVWRLFRVHHSLFXUHXVFRQFHEHUDP
SHORWHUPRprólêpsis.
Cf. notities,9Y9YYHnotitia,,Y,9YYH9Y/8&5e&,2
´>@UHUXPPDJQDUXPSDUYDSRWHVWUHVH[HPSODUHGDUHHWYHVWLJLDQRWLWLDLµ
*Specimen ou speciemHPGHSHQGrQFLDGRVPDQXVFULWRVOblongusORXQuadratusQ(PTXDOTXHU FLUFXQVWkQFLDGL]UHVSHLWRDXPexemplar ou modelo.
´>@H[HPSOXPSRUURJLJQXQGLVUHEXVHWLSVDQRWLWLHVKRPLQXPGLYLVXQGHLQVLWDSULPXPHVWTXLG
IRLFDSD]>@FRPRVXSRUTXHRVRXWURVSRUHVVDPHVPDpSRFDQmRIRUDP" $GHPDLVVHRVRXWURVQmRÀ]HUDPHQWUHVLXVRGDVSDODYUDVHQWmRGHRQGH SDUDDTXHOHWHULDDGYLQGRQRo}HVnotitiesGHVXDXWLOLGDGHHWDPEpPRSULPHLUR
SRGHUprima potestasHPYLVWDGRTXHVRXEHUDHYLUDFODUDPHQWHQDDOPDRTXH
ID]HU"/8&5e&,29YYH.
4XHUVHUHIHULQGRDRVGHXVHVTXHUDXPVXSRVWRalguémTXHSRUSULPHLUR
GLVWULEXLXQRPHVSDUDDVFRLVDV/XFUpFLRIRUPXODVREGXDVLOXVWUDo}HVDPHVPD SHUJXQWD UHIHUHQWH DRV GHXVHV GH RQGH UHWLUDUDP R SULPHLUR H[HPSODU exemplumHDideianoticiesFRP´>@RTXHviram na almaanimoque viderentRTXH
ID]HU"µUHIHUHQWHDalguémTXHGLVWULEXLXQRPHVSDUDDVFRLVDVS}HDPHVPD
TXHVWmRRTXHROHYRXDsaber e ver na almaRTXHID]HUfacere ut sciret animoque videret"
3RUXPODGRDTXHVWmRpDPHVPDDÀPGHTXHRVGHXVHVSXGHVVHP´FULDUµRX SDUDTXHDOJXpPSXGHVVHGDUQRPHjVFRLVDVDFRQGLomRWHULDGHVHUHVWDHVWDU GHSRVVHQDDOPDGHXPH[HPSODURXPRGHORFRPRTXHGHXPSULPHLURSRGHU PHGLDQWHRTXDOsaberiam e veriam QDDOPDRTXHID]HU1HVVHPHVPRFRQWH[WR
DUHODWLYDPHQWHDRVGHXVHV/XFUpFLRVHUHIHUHjideia de homensnotities hominum
EDRGDWRUGHQRPHVjLGHLDGHutilidadenotities est utilitatis'DTXLRRXWURODGR
GDTXHVWmRLQHUHQWHjTXDO/XFUpFLRS}HHPGHVWDTXHRvervidere²H[DPLQDU
REVHUYDUHRconhecerscire²VDEHUWHUDQRomR
6HRVGHXVHVFRPRDVVHYHURX/XFUpFLRGHWLYHVVHPQDDOPDDLGHLDnotities de homens, eles careceriam de ter visto homens... Ora, se viramHQWmRRVKRPHQV
Mi HVWDYDP GH DQWHPmR GDGRV QD HPSLULD QR YHU VHQVtYHO H VH Mi HVWDYDP Mi WLQKDP HYLGHQWHPHQWH VLGR ´FULDGRVµ 6LWXDomR VHPHOKDQWH VH DSOLFD DR TXH /XFUpFLRDÀUPRXTXDQWRDR´verDXWLOLGDGHµGDVSDODYUDVQDUHODomRFRPDVFRLVDV Ora, utilidadeQmRpH[DWDPHQWHXPalgoTXHVHYrWDQWRPDLVTXHSRUXWLOLGDGH
/XFUpFLRH[SUHVVDDTXLXPDTXDOLGDGHVHUYHQWLDSURYHLWRYDQWDJHP1mRVHQGR SRLVDutilidadeDOJRTXHVHYrXPDLPDJHPTXHVHGHVORFDGHXPDOJRFRQFUHWR
WHULDORJRGHVHUFRQFHELGDQDDOPDLQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWHGDHPSLULD'HTXDOTXHU
modo, o útilHHVWHpRSUREOHPDGH/XFUpFLRQmRVHGiGHVYLQFXODGRGHDOJXPD
H[SHULrQFLDKXPDQDUHODWLYDDDOJXPXVRFRVWXPHXVDQoDRXGHDOJXPDSUiWLFD SUi[LVRXH[HUFtFLRGHXPFHUWRDJLU1HVVHFDVRDDomRDQWHFHGHDFRPSUHHQVmR RID]HUDSUi[LVRXRH[HUFtFLRSURGXWLYRDQWHFHGHRIHLWRRUHVXOWDGReGDDomR SRUFRQVHJXLQWHTXHGHULYDXPGHWHUPLQDGRPRGRútilGHID]HUGHWDOPDQHLUD
´$WYDULRVOLQJXDHVRQLWXVQDWXUDVXEHJLWPLWWHUHHWXWLOLWDVH[SUHVVLWQRPLQDUHUXPSURLQGHSXWDUH
TXHDutilidadeUHTXHULQHYLWDYHOPHQWHHVVHH[HUFtFLRUHTXHUXPH[SHULHQFLDUTXH
S}Hjmostra e imprime na mente a ideia do útil.
6mRSRUWDQWRGXDVFRLVDVGLVWLQWDVXPDDQRomRGHULYDGDGRVHQVtYHO RXWUDDTXHVHLPS}HDSDUWLUGDDomRRXGRH[HUFtFLRGRfazer´&RQKHFHUµHP
VHXVHQWLGRPDLVHOHPHQWDUVLJQLÀFDMXVWDPHQWH´WHUDQRomRGHµ'RSRQWRGH YLVWD GH (SLFXUR/XFUpFLR, esse conhecer QmR VH UHVWULQJH jVphantastikè epibolê,
jVpercepções TXHVHlançam sobreRXTXHVH impõemjPHQWHSHODYLDGRVHQVtYHOH
TXHÀFDPJXDUGDGDVQRGHSyVLWRGDPHPyULDTXHVHFRQVWUyLFRPRHQVLQRX $ULVWyWHOHVPHGLDQWHVXFHVV}HVGHH[SHULrQFLDVQmRVHUHGX]PDVFRPRFRQVWD HP'LyJHQHV/DpUFLRDSURSyVLWRGH(SLFXURpQHODVTXHD´noção deµWHPDVXD
RULJHP´7RGDVDVQRVVDVepínoiaiHVFUHYHX'LyJHQHVRXVHMDWXGRRTXHHPQyV se projeta na forma de pensamentosWrPDVXDRULJHPQDVVHQVDo}HVµHVREUH
LVVRDFUHVFHQWRXHODVQDVFHPVmRJHUDGDVWrPDVXDRULJHP²gegónasiGHYiULRV
PRGRVGHFRUUHQWHVRXGR´>@DFDVRRXSRUDQDORJLDRXSRUVLPLOLWXGHRXSRU FRQYHQomRµVHQGRTXHSDUDWRGDVHVVDVRSHUDo}HVH[SOLFDFRQWDPRV´FRPD FRODERUDomRGRSHQVDUUDFLRFLQDWLYRtou logismou!µ',Ð*(1(6/$e5&,2
;.7DPEpP6H[WR(PStULFRGHÀQLXDVVLPRWHUPRprólêpsis vinculado
jHPSLULDFRPRTXHDFHQWXDDlêpsis, a aquisiçãoQmRRTXHVHSHUGHXPDVRTXHQD
PHQWHVHFRQVHUYRXRXTXHSRUHODIRLUHFHSFLRQDGR´>@pDFRQFHSomRGHDOJR SURYHQLHQWHGDOHPEUDQoDGDTXLORTXHPXLWDVYH]HVHVWHYHSUHVHQWHDRVQRVVRV VHQWLGRVµ6(;72(03Ì5,&2,,Q1HVVHGL]HUGH6H[WR(PStULFR YHPHPEXWLGRRTXHREVHUYRX$ULVWyWHOHVQDMetafísica´'DOHPEUDQoDQDVFHHP
QyVDH[SHULrQFLDHpGHYiULDVUHFRUGDo}HVGDPHVPDFRLVDTXHHPQyVVHSURGX] XPD~QLFDH[SHULrQFLDµ$5,67Ð7(/(6,E
3 A TRATATIVA DE DIÓGENES LAÉRCIO
'LyJHQHV/DpUFLRUHIHULQGRVHDRVHSLFXULVWDVVXEOLQKDTXHHOHVGHÀQLDPD
prólêpsisGHTXDWURPDQHLUDVFRPRkatalêpsisWHUPRTXHH[SUHVVDXPDDomRQR
VHQWLGRGHXPPRGRGHDSUHHQGHUGHDFHVVDUGHSRVVXLUGHULYDGRGHXPDSRVVH RXGHXPDFRJQLomRHPVHQWLGRDWLYRHPDWLYLGDGHQRVWHUPRVGHXPDLQJHUrQFLD RXVHMDGHXPDposseTXHLQWHUIHUHFRQVWDQWHPHQWHQRSURFHVVRGHDSUHHQGHUGH
DFHVVDUGHSRVVXLUGHFRQKHFHUFRPRdóxaTXDOLÀFDGDFRPRXPDorthê, ou
eLPSRUWDQWHHVWDUDWHQWRTXHDYLQFXODomRHQWUH/XFUpFLRH(SLFXURQHPVHPSUHpSODQDRXVHMDVH
GiQXPDFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDOLQHDU1mRGiSDUDVXVWHQWDUFRPHIHLWRTXH/XFUpFLRHPFHUWRVSRQWRV UHLQYHQWD (SLFXUR R TXH ID] p EXVFDU GH GLYHUVDV H RXWUDV PDQHLUDV H[SOLFiOR RX VHMD WRUQDU D GRXWULQDGHVHXPHVWUHFRPSUHHQVLYDHÀQDOPHQWHDFROKLGDSHORVFRQWHPSRUkQHRVGH5RPD
´>@epínoiai pãsai apò tôn aisthêseôn gegónasi katá te períptôsin, kaì analogían kaì homoiótêta, kaì súnthesin,
VHMDFRPRXPDUHWLWXGHRXDMXVWDPHQWRHQWUHRREMHWRSHUFHELGRHRMXt]RTXH D UHVSHLWR GHOH IRUPXODPRV GH PRGR TXH Dprólêpsis HQTXDQWR ê dóxan orthên
H[SUHVVDULDXPDPDQLIHVWDomRYHUD]QDPHGLGDHPTXHDMXt]DGHPRGRDMXVWDGR RTXHpUHDORXYHUGDGHLURFRPRénnoiaQRomRFRQFHLWRVHPTXDOTXHURXWUR
TXDOLÀFDWLYR>2TXHDHVVHUHVSHLWRFRPHQWRX-HDQ%UXQQmRpGHWRGRDÀDQoiYHO² HLVRTXHHOHHVFUHYHXTXHSDUDDprólêpsisRVHQWLGRGH´>@antecipação ou de prenoção
VmRDFHLWiYHLVRGHconceitoXWLOL]DGRDOJXPDVYH]HVQmRRpGHPDQHLUDDOJXPDQDGD
pPDLVHVWUDQKRjÀORVRÀDGH(SLFXURTXHHVVDWHUPLQRORJLDUDFLRQDOLVWDµ%581 -S@HQÀPFRPRê katolikên nóêsin enapokeiménên, como uma noção,
SHQVDPHQWRRXLGHLDuniversal guardadaRXGHSRVLWDGDQDPHQWHQRVWHUPRVGHXPD mnêmêGHXPDUHFRUGDomRXPDOHPEUDQoDIHLWRXPDSHORGHULYDGRGHSHUFHSo}HV
UHSHWLGDVGHXPDPHVPDFRLVDRXLQFOXVLYHDWLUDUSHORTXHFRQVWDQDVPi[LPDV HGH(SLFXURGHULYDGRGHXPDSUiWLFDRXH[SHULrQFLDGDvida em comum dos
LQGLYtGXRVSRUH[HPSORDSUiWLFDGDMXVWLoDHPGHFRUUrQFLDGRTXHpHVWDEHOHFLGR SRUOHL2TXHRPHVPR-HDQ%UXQREVHUYRXpQHVVHFDVREDVWDQWHHOXFLGDWLYR´$ DQWHFLSDomRUHIHUHVHjprólêpsispSRLVXPHVTXHPDXPDLGHLDJHUDOQmRpXPD
OHPEUDQoDsouvenirGLVWRRXGDTXLORPDVXPDFKDPDGDrappelGHXPDSOXUDOLGDGH
GHH[SHULrQFLDVVHPHOKDQWHVµ%581-S.
6HDQDOLVDUPRVFRPFXLGDGRRVTXDWURPRGRVGDprólêpsisGHVFULWRVSRU
'LyJHQHV/DpUFLRYHUHPRVHP~OWLPDLQVWkQFLDTXHHOHVVHUHVWULQJHPDWUrVVH EHPTXHDSDUGRVTXDWURVLJQLÀFDGRVPHQFLRQDGRVKiXPTXLQWRRGHFRQMHWXUD hypólêpsin3DUDHQWHQGHUPRVPHOKRUHVVDTXHVWmRHVSHFtÀFDSRUFHUWRQRVDMXGD
RTXHFRQVWDQDCarta a Meneceu´ÌPSLRasebêsGL](SLFXURQmRp
DTXHOHTXHUHMHLWDRVGHXVHVGRSRYRPDVRTXHDGHUHjVRSLQL}HVdóxasTXH
RSRYRWHPDUHVSHLWRGRVGHXVHV2UDH[SOLFDQmRVmRSUHQRo}HVprolêpseis
PDV IDOVDV FRQMHWXUDV hypolêpseis TXH R SRYR VHQWHQFLD DFHUFD GRV GHXVHVµ $
PDQLIHVWDomRGH(SLFXURpEDVWDQWHFODUDHOHGL]TXHDRSLQLmRDdóxaGRSRYRD
UHVSHLWRGRVGHXVHVQmRpprólêpsis, mas hypolêpsisRXVHMDIDOVDFRQMHWXUD,VVRQmR
TXHUGL]HUWRGDYLDTXHDdóxa, a título de conjeturahypólêpsinVHMDVHPSUHIDOVDDR
FRQWUiULRHODSRGHVHUWDOFRPRDTXDOLÀFD'LyJHQHV/DpUFLR´GHYHUGDGHLUDHGH IDOVDµ',Ð*(1(6/$e5&,2;@$WULEXLUSRUH[HPSORDRVGHXVHV SRGHUHV SDUD LQWHUYLU QRV IHQ{PHQRV GD QDWXUH]D HP EHQHItFLR RX PDOHItFLR GRV PRUWDLV VHULD HQXQFLDU XPDhypolêpsis LVWR p IRUMDU XPD PHUD VXSRVLomR
TXHWRGDYLDFDUHFHGHFRQÀUPDomR1DPHGLGDHPTXHDOJXpPVROLFLWDDRGHXV
´>«@anticipation ou prénotionVRQWDFFHSWDEOHVFHOOHGHconceptXWLOLVpHTXHOTXHIRLVQHO·HVWQXOOHPHQW
ULHQQ·HVWSOXVpWUDQJHUjODSKLORVRSKLHG·eSLFXUHTXHFHWWHWHUPLQROLJLHUDFLRQDOLVWHµ6HEHPTXHQD S%UXQUHSRUWDVHjVprólêpseis, nos termos de noções evidentes.
´/·DQWHFLSDWLRQHVWGRQFXQVFKqPHXQHLGpHJpQpUDOHHOOHQ·HVWSDVOHVRXYHQLUGHFHFLRXGHFHOD
XPEHQHItFLRRXPDOHItFLRHTXHHPFRQVHTXrQFLDDOJRHYHQWXDOPHQWHRFRUUH PHVPRDVVLPQmRKiFRPRFRQÀUPDUpGLItFLOID]rORVHWDODomRIRLPHVPR GHFRUUHQWHGRSHGLGRHRXGDDomRGRGHXV
$UD]mRGRVTXDWURVLJQLÀFDGRVVHUHVWULQJLUHPDWUrVVHGHYHDRIDWRGH TXH R VLJQLÀFDGR R GDprólêpsis como katholikê nóêsis QDGD PDLV p TXH XPD
H[SOLFLWDomRRXDPSOLDomRGRGRGDprólêpisFRQFHELGDHQTXDQWRénnoia. O curioso
GHVVD DPSOLDomR p R WHRU SDUWLFXODUPHQWH DULVWRWpOLFR GD OLQJXDJHP HP WHUPRV VHPHOKDQWHVDRTXHMiREVHUYDPRVQDGHÀQLomRGH6H[WR(PStULFRTXDQWRjprólêpsis
YLQFXODGDjHPSLULD$prólêpsispQHVVHFRQWH[WRVXSRVWDQRVWHUPRVGHXPum comumYLDELOL]DGRUGHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHULYDGRSRUDQDORJLDGHXPDSOXUDOLGDGHGH
H[SHULrQFLDVHPTXHVHVREUHVVDHPSRUDQDORJLDVHPHOKDQoDVHGDTXDOVHUHWLUD SRULQGXomRum universalSUHGLFDWLYRGHFRQKHFLPHQWRRXGDYHUDFLGDGHRXVHMDGH um universal enunciador de algoVLJQLÀFDQWHHFRQVLVWHQWHsobre algo.
9LPRV FRPR 'LyJHQHV UHIHULQGRVH DRV HSLFXUHXV UHVVDOWDYD TXH HOHVWUDWDYDP´>@GDprolêpsis como se fosse uma katalêpsisXPDDSUHHQVmRRX
SRVVHVVmRµGLVSRQLYHOHPQyVIHLWRXPDOHPEUDQoDmnêmênGHWXGRRTXH
GHIRUDéxôthenVRUYHPRVSHORVVHQWLGRVHTXHHPQyVVHPDQLIHVWDGHPRGR
FODURphanéntos2TXHVRUYHPRVGHIRUDHPQyVYHPDUHVLGLUQDIRUPDGHXP
GHSyVLWRJXDUGDGRQDPHPyULDGRTXDODTXDOTXHUPRPHQWRGHOHSRGHPRVQRV YDOHU3RUH[HPSORVHDOJXpPQRVGL]²LVWRpXPKRPHPRXLVWRpXPFDYDOR LVWR p XP ERL ² LPHGLDWDPHQWH SHOD SDODYUD SURQXQFLDGD KRPHP FDYDOR RX ERLUHFROKHPRVQDPHQWHDVXDformatýposHFRPHODWRGDXPDDQWHFLSDomR
SUHFRQFHLWXDO WRGD Dprólêpsis JXDUGDGD QD PHPyULD IUXWR GD PHVFOD HQWUH
VHQVDo}HVH RSLQL}HV DQWHULRUHV DFXPXODGDV QD PHQWH$ VLJQLÀFDomRGH FDGD QRPHRXGLWRGHRXWURPRGRWRGRXPFRQMXQWRGHVLJQRVGHUHFRQKHFLPHQWR TXHRQRPHHYRFDjPHQWHHPQyVVHS}HGLVSRQtYHOGHPRGRLPHGLDWRHHYLGHQWH enargés(PYLVWDGLVVRDVVLPFRPRGHVWDFDRSUySULR'LyJHQHVHLVUHODWLYRjV prólêpseis XP SULQFtSLR FDQ{QLFR GH (SLFXUR ´>@ QmR SRGHPRV EXVFDU R TXH
SURFXUDPRVVHPRFRQKHFHUGHDQWHPmRµ
&tFHUR GLVVH SUDWLFDPHQWH R PHVPR TXH SDUD (SLFXUR VHP D SRVVH GD
prólêpsisVHPXPDQRomRRXFRQFHLWRSUpYLRGLVSRQtYHOQDPHQWHQmRHVWDPRVHP
FRQGLo}HV´>@GHUHÁHWLUGHLQYHVWLJDUHGHGLVFXWLURTXHTXHUTXHVHMDµ&Ì&(52
,;9,([SOLFDQGRQmRKiFRPRQRVUHIHULUPRVSRUH[HPSORDDOJR
*3RUYH]HVWDPEpPpWUDGX]LGDSRURSLQLmRFRUUHWDSRUSHQVDPHQWRSRULGHLDJHUDOSRUXPD katholikê nóêsisWHUPRTXHHPJHUDOGHÀQHXPDVSHFWRRXXPGRVVLJQLÀFDGRVGDprólêpsis
´6ROXVHQLPYLGLWSULPXPHVVHGHRVTXRGLQRPQLXPDQLPLVHRUXPQRWLRQHPLQSUHVVLVVHWLSVD
HPWHUPRV²LVWRpFRPRXPKRPHPFRPRXPFDYDORFRPRXPWRFR²VHP TXHSRUDQWHFLSDomRQDGDVDLEDPRVDUHVSHLWRRXPHOKRUFRPRVHQXQFDDQWHV RVWLYpVVHPRVYLVWRRXTXHIUHQWHDRQRVVRFDPSRGHREVHUYDomRQXQFDWLYHVVHVH DSUHVHQWDGRXPKRPHPXPFDYDORXPWRFRHGHOHVQmRFRQVHUYiVVHPRVRtýpos
HPQRVVDOHPEUDQoDeQHFHVViULRSRLVDQRFDVRGDVFRLVDVHPStULFDVFRQKHFHU SRUantecipaçãoDLPDJHPIRUPDGDTXLORDRTXDOQRVUHIHULPRVRXTXHQRVGLVSRPRV
VREUHHOHGLVFXWLURXLQYHVWLJDUEQRFDVRGHTXHVW}HVQmRHPStULFDVFDUHFHPRV GHWHUQDPHQWHXPDSUHQRomR6HQDGDHPQRVVDPHQWHFRQVHJXLPRVHQFRQWUDU UHODWLYDPHQWHDRTXHQRVSURSRPRVGLVFXWLUHRXLQYHVWLJDUQHPDLPDJHPQHPD SUHQRomRHQWmRDLQYHVWLJDomRHRGLVFXUVRUHVWDPLQYLiYHLV
1HVWH SRQWR REVHUYDPRV HP (SLFXUR DOJR VHPHOKDQWH DR Mi WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHSURSRVWRSRU+HUiFOLWRHWDPEpPSRU$ULVWyWHOHVTXDQWRDR SURFHVVRGRLQYHVWLJDURXGRFRQKHFHU1DPHGLGDHPTXHH[SXQKDRVHXORJRV +HUiFOLWR DVVHYHUDYD ID]rOR GR VHJXLQWH PRGR H QRV VHJXLQWHV WHUPRV ´>@
detalhando <diaréôn> a natureza de cada coisa e enunciando <phrázôn> como
pµ'.%',(/6.5$1=(VVHVGRLVYHUERV²diairéôGHWDOKDU
distiQJXLUGLYLGLUGHÀQLUHphrázôLQGLFDUGL]HUHQXQFLDUH[SOLFDU²YLHUDPDVH
WRUQDUDH[SUHVVmRWDQWRGDDWLYLGDGHGDFLrQFLDTXDQWRGDKDELOLGDGHGRKRPHP GHFLrQFLDGRTXDOVmRUHTXHULGDVFHUWDVFRPSHWrQFLDV&RPRSRGHDOJXpPSRU H[HPSORID]HUFLrQFLDVHQmRVDEHGLVWLQJXLUDOJRGHDOJRFRPRRERWkQLFRTXH QmR VDEH GLVWLQJXLU XPD IROKD GH RXWUD R PpGLFR TXH QmR VDEH GLVWLQJXLU RV yUJmRV LQWHUQRV GH VHX SDFLHQWH HWF" 7UDWDVH FRP HIHLWR GH XPD FDSDFLGDGH RdistinguirLVWRGDTXLORTXHVHLQLFLDTXDVHTXHHVSRQWDQHDPHQWHQDLQIkQFLD
FRPDSHUJXQWDVHPSUHPXLWRLQVLVWHQWHo que é isto"²TXHVWmRTXHHVWiQDEDVH
GH WRGD D UHÁH[mR ÀORVyÀFD GH 3DUPrQLGHV 3RU HVVH SHUJXQWDU VH SURFHVVD
XPPRYLPHQWRHPTXHVHYLQFXODRSHUFHEHURYHURXYLVXDOL]DURVHQWLUHR HQXQFLDURQRPHDUDOJRRXRGRWDUVLPEROLFDPHQWHRTXHVHYrGHVLJQLÀFDomR eSRLVSRUHVVDYLQFXODomRGRSHUFHEHUVHQVtYHOFRPDUHIHUrQFLDQRPLQDWLYD TXHVHHVWDEHOHFHHPQyVDFDSDFLGDGHGHGLVWLQJXLUDOJRGHDOJRXPDFRLVDGH RXWUD3RUHODVHGiHPQyVWDPEpPHHVWDVHPG~YLGDpDTXHVWmRGH(SLFXUR RTXHHOHGHQRPLQDprólêpsisSRUHOHFRQFHELGDFRPRSUHQRomRRXDQWHFLSDomR
GDPHQWHFRPTXHQRVWRUQDPRVDSWRVSDUDLQYHVWLJDUHGLVFXUVDUFRQVWUXLUIDODV FRPSUHHQVtYHLVRXLQWHUFRPXQLFDWLYDVDUHVSHLWRGHDOJR
(LVRFRQMXQWRGRIUDJPHQWR´(VWHORJRVVHQGRVHPSUHRVKRPHQVVmRLQFDSD]HVGHRFRPSUHHQGHU
DQWHV RX GHSRLV GH R KDYHUHP RXYLGR 3RLV DLQGD TXH WXGR DFRQWHoD FRQIRUPH HVWH ORJRV HOHV VmR LQH[SHULHQWHVPHVPRH[SHULPHQWDQGRVHHPWDLVSDODYUDVHREUDVDVVLPFRPRDVH[SRQKRGHWDOKDQGR a natureza de cada coisa e enunciando como é <katà phýsin diairéôn hekaston kaì phrázôn hókôs échei!µ 6(;72(03Ì5,&2Contra os Matemáticos9,,DSXG',(/6.5$1=
&RPRIDODUGHERLVRXGHFDYDORVVHPDQWHVQXQFDWrORVYLVWRV"&RPR IDODUGHMXVWLoDVHPWHUVHTXHUXPDPtQLPDQRomRDUHVSHLWR"1RTXHFRQFHUQH jVFRLVDVHPStULFDVpyEYLRTXHQmREDVWDYHU$ÀQDOHLVVR(SLFXURVDELDPXLWR EHPQmRVmRRVVHQWLGRVTXHQRVGmRDFLrQFLDGRTXHTXHUTXHVHMD)D]VH QHFHVViULRHPIDFHGRTXHYHPRVIRUPXODUHQXQFLDGRVVLJQLÀFDQWHV´&RQKHFHUµ VLJQLÀFDWDPEpPHVWDEHOHFHUFRQH[}HVOLJDULVWRDDTXLORRXDSRQWRVGHUHIHUrQFLD PHGLDQWH FULWpULRV 3DUD TXH DOJXpP HQWUHWDQWR SRVVD ID]HU LVVR TXHU GL]HU HVWDEHOHFHUFRQH[}HVpSUHFLVRHPSULPHLUROXJDUVDEHUGLVWLQJXLUSRUTXHTXHP QmRVDEHGLVWLQJXLUHVWiLQFDSD]GHID]HUFLrQFLD7DPEpPFDUHFHGHVHGHWHUQD PHQWHDOJXPDQRomRRXPHOKRUSUHQRo}HVDQWHFLSDGDVQmRFRPHIHLWRQRo}HV LQYHQWDGDV IUXWR GH SXUD LPDJLQiULR GH ´IDQWDVLDVµ PtWLFDV $V DQWHFLSDo}HV FDUHFHPGDQDWXUDOYLQFXODomRGRKXPDQRSHUFHEHUFRPRQRPHDUGRYHUFRP D QHFHVVLGDGH GH IRUMDU RSLQL}HV 'Dt SRU TXH DVprólêpseis, em vista de todos
HVVHVTXDOLÀFDWLYRVVHJXQGRQRFDVRDH[SUHVVmRGH'LyJHQHVVmRGH´>@XPD FODUH]DHHYLGrQFLDLPHGLDWDVµ',Ð*(1(6/$e5&,2;
(ODVVmRDGHPDLV´FULWpULRVGHYHUGDGHµ2XPHOKRUGDGRTXHYHUGDGH H UHDOLGDGH SDUD RV JUHJRV VmR WDPEpP VLQ{QLPRV HODV VmR LVWR VLP FULWpULRV GH FHUWLÀFDomR GD UHDOLGDGH e SHODprólêpsis KRPHP FDYDOR ERL HWF TXH GRX
SRU DQWHFLSDomR FRPR SUHYLDPHQWH FRQKHFLGR KRPHQV FDYDORV ERLV 'HVVD IRUPD R TXH D HVVH UHVSHLWR DÀUPD 0DUFHO &RQFKH QmR SDUHFH SOHQDPHQWH DFHUWDGR(VFUHYHHOH´$VDQWHFLSDo}HVQmRVmR>@FULWpULRVGHYHUGDGHHQmR VmRevidentesSRUTXHHODVmRLPDJHQVJHQpULFDVLQWHLUDPHQWHIXQGDGDVQDHYLGrQFLD
GDVHQVDomRµ&21&+(S2UDSDUD$ULVWyWHOHVKRPHPFDYDOR
ERLHWFVmRLJXDOPHQWH´LPDJHQVJHQpULFDVµPDVPHVPRDVVLPXPum comum,
QD IRUPD GH QRo}HV RX FRQFHLWRV JHUDLV FRP DV TXDLV GDPRV SRU FRQKHFLGR VXMHLWRV SDUWLFXODUHV WDLV ´LPDJHQV JHQpULFDVµ VmR LQFOXVLYH SRU HOH UHIHULGDV FRPRDVXEVWkQFLDousíaGHVXMHLWRVFRQFUHWRV$VVLPSDUD$ULVWyWHOHVFRPR
WDPEpPSDUD(SLFXURDVQRo}HVJHUDLVTXHHOHGHQRPLQDGHprólêpseisQmRVmR meras imagensJHQpULFDVPDVSHORIDWRGHHVWDUHPYLQFXODGDVjHPSLULDHDRXVR
UDFLRFLQDWLYRGDOLQJXDJHPVmRHODVSUySULDVHYLGrQFLDVHPYLVWDGDVTXDLVQRV SRPRVHPFRQGLo}HVGHSRUH[HPSORGL]HUDOJRVLJQLÀFDQWHDUHVSHLWRGHDOJR
e HYLGHQWH TXH QmR Gi SDUD DUJXPHQWDU SRU H[HPSOR TXH Dprólêpsis
´KRPHPµFRQWHQKDHPVLPHVPDHQTXDQWRQRomRRXFRQFHLWRDPHVPDLGHLD JHUDODFHVVtYHOSDUDWRGRVRVLQGLYtGXRV(ODFRQWpPRXYDLGHXPPtQLPRDXP Pi[LPRGHUHSUHVHQWDomRRXFRQKHFLPHQWR²XPmáximoDOLiVTXHQXQFDpSOHQR
´/HVDQWLFLSDWLRQVQHVRQWFRPPHRQYHUUDFULWpUHVGHYpULWpHWQHVRQWevidentesSDUFHTX·HOOHVVRQW
GHVLPDJHVJpQpULTXHVWRXWHQWLqUHVIRQGpHVVXUO·pYLGHQFHGHODVHQWDWLRQµ
7UDWDPRVORQJDPHQWHGDTXHVWmRQRVFDStWXORV9H9,GROLYUR4XHVW}HV)XQGDPHQWDLVGD)LORVRÀD
DFDEDGRYLVWRTXHDprólêpisFRQFHELGDSRU(SLFXURSDUWLFLSDGRmovimento dialético
GRUHSUHVHQWDUHRXGRFRQKHFHUeSUySULRGLJDPRVGDQDWXUH]DGRFRQKHFHU R DODUJDUVH HP GHSHQGrQFLD GD GLVSRVLomR PHPyULD RX ´GHSyVLWRµ LQWHULRU j PHQWHKXPDQD²QmRHPJHUDOPDVHQTXDQWRGDGDHPLQGLYtGXRVSDUWLFXODUHV HVSHFtÀFRV9DOHDTXLDWtWXORGHLOXVWUDomRRTXHSURIHULX+HUiFOLWR´7mRORQJRp RFDPLQKRGDDOPDHWmRSURIXQGRRORJRVTXHHODUHWpPTXHMDPDLVHQFRQWUDUiV RVVHXVOLPLWHVSHUFRUUHQGRRµ'.%',(/6.5$1=´'DDOPD
pROyJRVTXHDXPHQWDDVLPHVPRµ'.%',(/6.5$1=.
A prólêpsisVHGiHPQyVFRPRXPDLQWHULRULGDGHHHPQyVH[SHULPHQWD
VHPSUHXPDODUJDPHQWRHPGHSHQGrQFLDGRTXHHVWiGHSRVLWDGRRXSUHH[LVWHQWH enapokeiménên ² FRQIRUPH H[SUHVVmR FRQVWDQWH HP 'LyJHQHV /DpUFLR HP VXD
GHÀQLomRGDprólêpsisQDPHQWHHQHODHVWiDtVHPSUHjQRVVDGLVSRVLomR(VVH
SURFHVVRHPQyVVHGiGHPRGRVHPHOKDQWHDRTXH(SLFXURFRQFHEHXTXDQWR
ao nascimento e alargamento do KósmosTXHSRUIRUoDGHXPFRQJORPHUDGRGH átomos, é movido, desde a origemHPVHXFLFORJHQHUDWLYRHSRUFXMRPRYLPHQWR
SHUPDQHQWHPHQWHVHGiHVHHIHWLYDDSURPRomRGHXPDrupturatàs ex archês enapólêpsisFRQIRUPHFRQVWDHP(SLFXURQDCarta a Heródoto(QWUHWDQWRD enapólêpsisQmRGL]UHVSHLWRH[DWDPHQWHDXPUHVtGXRRXGHSyVLWRQRVHQWLGRGR verbo enapókeimenai WDO FRPR FRPSDUHFH HP 'LyJHQHV PDV HP GHSHQGrQFLD
GHVVHGHSyVLWRDXPDDomRDRPHVPRWHPSRGHUXSWXUDGHLQWHUFHSWDomRHGH UHWHQomRRXDSULVLRQDPHQWRGHDOJR$enapólêpsisUHIHULGDSRU(SLFXURpPHVPR
TXH FRPSOHPHQWDU GLVWLQWD GD enapóleipsis TXH VLJQLÀFD MXVWDPHQWH GHSyVLWR resíduo; donde enapoleípôpRTXHYDLUHVWDQGRRXÀFDQGRFRPRGHSyVLWR
+iHQÀPHP(SLFXURWRGDXPDVLQIRQLDGHWHUPRVUHODWLYRVjprólêpsisTXH
VHFRPSOHPHQWDPHTXHVHH[SOLFDPUHFLSURFDPHQWHAlém da enapólêpsis, temos a katálêpsisHPJHUDOWUDGX]LGDSRUapreensãoVHQVLWLYRLQWHOHFWLYDGHDOJR5HIHULGD
jprólêpsis, a katálêpispXPDDSUHHQVmRQmRQRVWHUPRVGHXPDSHUFHSomRLPHGLDWD
GRVXMHLWRVHQVLHQWHSHUDQWHDOJRTXHVHS}HIUHQWHDRVHXFDPSRGHREVHUYDomRDR FRQWUiULRpXPDDSUHHQVmRGDopiniãoFRQWLQHQWHQDPHPyULDUHVtGXRRXGHSyVLWR
FXPXODWLYRGHVDEHUVROLFLWDGDDSDUWLUGDimagemGDeídôlaFRPRGL](SLFXUR, em
GHSHQGrQFLDGH3ODWmRRXGDphantasía aísthêtikêFRPRGLVVHUD$ULVWyWHOHVGHVHQKDGD
QDPHQWHHPGHSHQGrQFLDGHXPFHUWRQRPHSURQXQFLDGR²SRUH[HPSOREDVWDD SURQ~QFLDGDSDODYUDhomemSDUD´YHUPRVµQDPHQWHXPKRPHPboiSDUDYHUPRV
Psychês esti lógos heautòn auxôn(672%(8Florilégio,,,DDSXG',(/6.5$1= ´>@tên dè prólêpsin... enapokeiménên”',Ð*(1(6/$e5&,2;;
´>@tê dè prólêpsin légousin oioneì katalêpsin3RUSUROHSVHHOHVRVHSLFXULVWDVHQWHQGHPDOJRFRPR
XPDDSUHHQVmRµ',Ð*(1(6/$e5&,2;
XPERLHFRQVHTXHQWHPHQWHVDEHUPRVDUHVSHLWRGHOHDOJRHPGHFRUUrQFLDGH XPDF~PXORVXEMHWLYRGHXPVDEHUREMHWLYRTXHFRPRMiYLVWRVHPSUHYDLGHXP PtQLPRDXPPi[LPRGHFRQKHFLPHQWR>$Alegoria da CavernaGH3ODWmRORJRQR
LQtFLRGROLYUR9,,GDRepúblicapPXLWRLQVWUXWLYDTXDQWRDHVVHVVXSRVWRVQtYHLVGH
YHUGDGHRXGHFRQKHFLPHQWR@
As prólêpsisVHFRQVWLWXHPHPIXQGDPHQWRVVHPkQWLFRVRXVHMDHPQRo}HV
TXH GHWrP VLJQLÀFDGRV SULPRUGLDLV GH PRGR TXH FRPR Mi PHQFLRQDGR HODV WrPSRUIXQomRH[SUHVVDUDYHUGDGHVHVHTXLVHUDUHDOLGDGHGDTXLORSHORTXDO DOJRpDQDOLWLFDPHQWHUHIHULGRFRPRVHQGRGHWDOIRUPDHTXHQmRSRGHVHUGH RXWUDPDQHLUDDULVFRGHVHUIDOVRHDTXLDOLiV(SLFXURUHVJXDUGDRSULQFtSLR FDQ{QLFRGDRQWRORJLDJUHJDVHJXQGRRTXDORTXHH[LVWHpVHPSUHYHUGDGHLUR UHDOQXQFDIDOVRLUUHDO2PHVPRULJRURVDPHQWHQmRVHDSOLFDSRUH[HPSORj MXVWLoDHDQRo}HVDVVHPHOKDGDV$HVVHUHVSHLWRDVPi[LPDVHGH(SLFXUR SRGHPDLQGDQRVDMXGDUDFRPSUHHQGHUPHOKRURFRQFHLWRGHprôlêpsis, sobretudo
HQTXDQWRkatolikên nóêsin(LVRUDFLRFtFLRGHOHWDOFRPRFRQVWDQDMáximaD
MXVWLoDVySRGHVHUFRQFHELGDQRFRQWH[WRGDVUHODo}HVUHFtSURFDVQmRIRUDGHVVDV UHODo}HV2MXVWRVHGHÀQHPHGLDQWHGXDVQRo}HVDGHcomum e a de o mesmotò koinòn - tò autóHSHORproveitoHPIDYRUGRVPHPEURVGDFRPXQLGDGHUHIHULGR na Máxima$IXQomRGDOHLpSUHVFUHYHUDMXVWLoDRTXHpMXVWRRcomum e o mesmoSDUDWRGRVeFRPHIHLWRREHQHItFLRTXHDOHLWUD]SDUDDVUHODo}HV
UHFtSURFDV QD FRPXQLGDGH TXH FRQÀUPD epimartyroúmenon D MXVWLoD SUHVFULWD
SHODOHL&DVRQmRVHOHYHHPFRQWDHVVHproveitosymphéron, synépheren²WHUPRV
TXH/XFUpFLRWUDGX]LXSRUutilitasDOHLHIHWLYDGDQDYLGDSUiWLFDGDFRPXQLGDGH
QmR GHWpP D QDWXUH]D GR MXVWR H VH QmR GHWpP UHVXOWD HP GHVDFRUGR FRP D
prenoçãoprólêpsinGDMXVWLoD²TXDOVHMDDGRproveitoGDutilitasTXHVHPDQLIHVWDQR cotidiano das açõestà prágmataGDFRPXQLGDGHDo}HVHIHWLYDGDVHPFRQVRQkQFLD
FRP D OHL RX FRP R VXSRVWDPHQWH GHYLGR 6mR SRUWDQWR QRV UHÁH[RV GD OHL SRVWDHPSUiWLFDTXHREVHUYDPRVRXQmRDutilidadeGDMXVWLoDHpQHVVDXWLOLGDGH
SURYHLWR EHQHItFLR TXH IRUMDPRV Dprólêpsis, a prenoção GR MXVWR TXH SRU VXD
YH] SHGH SURJUHVVLYDPHQWH SRU XPD UHFRQVLGHUDomR HRX UHTXDOLÀFDomR GR VXSRVWDPHQWHGHYLGR
4 O REDUCIONISMO DE ALGUNS COMENTADORES
%RD SDUWH GRV FRPHQWDGRUHV GH (SLFXUR DQWHV GH WUrV RX GRV TXDWUR VLJQLÀFDGRVGDprólêpsisUHIHULGRVSRU'LyJHQHVUHJLVWUDDSHQDVXPRGHkatolikên nóêsin, de ideia universal/pRQ5RELQRHQXQFLDDVVLPFRPR´>@XPDHVSpFLHGH
SHQVDPHQWRXQLYHUVDOTXHVHIRUPDHPQyVLVWRpXPDUHPHPRUDomRGRTXH
GHIRUDXPDVTXDQWDVYH]HVVHDSUHVHQWRXDQyVµ(H[SOLFD´6HGLDQWHGHPLP
alguém diz homem, neve, calorVHLLPHGLDWDPHQWHGRTXHIDOD>@SRUpPQmRRVDEHULD
VHDQWHVQmRWLYHVVHWLGRDUHVSHLWRXPDVTXDQWDVSHUFHSo}HVµ52%,1S )DUULQJWRQVDOLHQWDDOJRVHPHOKDQWHTXHDV´>@DQWHFLSDo}HVSRGHPVHU
GHÀQLGDVFRPRLGHLDVJHUDLVFRPRHTXLSDPHQWRPHQWDOSHORTXDORUJDQL]DPRV HLQWHUSUHWDPRVDVVHQVDo}HVµ)$55,1*721S3DUD&\ULO%DLOH\ D´>@DQWHFLSDomRpXPFRQFHLWRJHUDOGHULYDGRGHSHUFHSo}HVIUHTXHQWHPHQWH UHSHWLGDVDRVVHQWLGRVµ%$,/(<S-HDQ%DODXGpGHÀQHDprólêpsis
FRPRIUXWRGHQRVVDFDSDFLGDGHGHformar ideias geraisH[SOLFLWDQGR
>@DVHQVDomRQmRGHYHVREUHWXGRVHUFRQFHELGDFRPRSXUDUHFHSWLYLGDGH R TXH DV VHQVDo}HV ID]HP DSDUHFHU p D SUHVHQoD QHODV GH XP PRYLPHQWR GH DWHQomR RX GH DSUHHQVmR FRQFRPLWDQWH DR PRYLPHQWR GR SHQVDU (VVH HOHPHQWRFRPXPDMXGDDFRPSUHHQGHUDSDVVDJHPGDVHQVDomRjSUHQRomR GRIDWRGHTXHWRGRFRQKHFLPHQWRLPSOLFDXPDDWLYLGDGHGDSDUWHGRVXMHLWR XPDWRGHDWHQomRGHDSUHHQVmRHQWmRDSUHQRomRVHFRQVWLWXLQRVHLRPHVPR
GDVHQVDomR%$/$8'eSHS.
$QGUp/DNVQDPHGLGDHPTXHUHSHWH0DQXZDOGSHQWHQGHTXH D´>@antecipação é uma memóriaGDVSHUFHSo}HVDQWHULRUHVµSRUpPDFUHVFHQWD
´(OD VH GLVWLQJXH UDGLFDOPHQWH GD VHQVDomR GHVSURYLGD GH PHPyULDµ /$.6
S.
7RGRV RV FRPHQWDGRUHV DTXL IRFDOL]DGRV WrP XP GDGR HP FRPXP
consideram as prólêpsis FRPR XP ´SHQVDPHQWR XQLYHUVDOµ RX FRPR ´FRQFHLWR
RX LGHLD JHUDOµ 7RGRV WDPEpP HVWmR GH DFRUGR TXH VH WUDWD GHrememorações
RUJDQL]DGDV D SDUWLU GR VHQVtYHO RX GHULYDGDV GR DF~PXOR GH SHUFHSo}HV D UHVSHLWRGHXPDPHVPDFRLVD&RPRDVprólêpsisVmRUHIHULGDVjVVHQVDo}HVWRGRV
LJXDOPHQWH YLQFXODP D UHFHSWLYLGDGH GR VHQWLU FRP R PRYLPHQWR GR SHQVDU
´>@O·DQWHFLSDWLRQprólêpsisRXSUpQRWLRQ/XFUqFHnotities&·HVWXQHVRUWHGHpensée universelle qui
s’est formée en nousF·HVWjGLUHune remémoration de ce qui, du dehors, s’est maintes fois présenté à nous. Si devant moi on dit homme, niege, chaleurMHVDLVLPPpGLDWHPHQWGHTXRLRQPHSDUOHDYDQWPrPHGHOHSHUFHYRLU PDLMHQHOHVDXUDLVSDVVLDXSDUDYDQWMHQ·HQDYDLVHQVRXYHQWSHUFHSWLRQµ
´7KHantecipationLVWKHJHQHUDOFRQFHSWLWLVGHULYHGIURPIUHTXHQWO\UHSHDWHGVHQVHSHUFHSWLRQVµ ´>@QRWUHFDSDFLpjIRUPHUGHVSUROHSVHVGHVLGpHVJpQpUDOHVµ´>@ODVHQVDWLRQQHGRLWVXUWRXW
SDVrWUHFRPSULVHFRPPHSXUHUpFHSWLYLWpFHTXHFHVVHQVDWLRQVIRQWDSSDUDvWUHF·HVWODSUpVHQFHHQ HOOHVG·XQPRXYHPHQWG·DWWHQWLRQRXG·DSSUpKHQVLRQFRPPXQDYHFODSHQVpH&HWpOpPHQWFRPPXQ DLGHjFRPSUHQGUHOHSDVVDJHGHODVHQVDWLRQjODSUpQRWLRQGXIDLWTXHWRXWHFRQQDLVVDQFHLPSOLTXH XQHDFWLYLWpGHODSDUWGXVXMHWDFWHG·DWWHQWLRQG·DSSUpKHQVLRQODSUpQRWLRQVHFRQVWLWXHDXVHLQ PrPHGHODVHQVDWLRQµ
´/·antecipation est une mémoireGHVSHUFHSWLRQVDQWpULHXUHV(OOHVHGLQWLQJXHSDUOjUDGLFDOHPHQWGH
(P YLVWD GHVVD YLQFXODomR LVWR RV FRPHQWDGRUHV QmR GL]HP H[SOLFLWDPHQWH SRGHUtDPRVFRQFHEHUDprólêpsisVREGRLVWHUPRVFRQIRUPHDWUDGXomRGH&tFHUR
PDVQmRDULJRUFRPRVLQ{QLPRVDHQTXDQWRSUHQRomRQHVVHFDVRDprólêpsis
XPDYH]TXHYLQFXODRSHUFHEHUHRSHQVDUYHPDVHFRQVWLWXLUGDSDUWHGR VXMHLWRPHGLDGRSRUXP´DWRGHDWHQomRµHPXPDHVSpFLHGHH[SHULrQFLD>TXHU GL]HUDREVHUYDomRUHSHWLGDGHXPDTXDQWDVYH]HVGDPHVPDFRLVDOHYDRVXMHLWRD XPHVWDGRGHDWHQomRUHÁH[LYDHSRUHODOLJDDOJRDDOJRHODERUDQGRHPVXDPHQWH R TXH (SLFXUR GHQRPLQRXprenoção $ULVWyWHOHV GH H[SHULrQFLD GHempeirías@
EHQTXDQWRantecipaçãoQHVVHFDVRDprólêpsis, como prenoção, se exerce sobre a
DWLYLGDGHVHQVLHQWHGRVXMHLWRDX[LOLDQGRRTXHUDGLVWLQJXLUDOJRGHDOJRRXLVWR GDTXLORTXHUSRUIRUoDGHQRYDVSHUFHSo}HVDUHRUGHQDUDVXDSUySULDPHQWH 6REHVVHDVSHFWRDprólêpsisHQTXDQWRantecipaçãoHFRPRWDOHQTXDQWRmemória de
SHUFHSo}HVDQWHULRUHVpXPDQRomRLGHLDRXFRQFHLWRTXHGHSRVLWDGDQDPHQWH GRVXMHLWRVHQVLHQWHVHGiRXVHLPS}HSRUDQWHFLSDomRDTXDOTXHUDWXDOHQRYR H[HUFtFLRGRMXt]R3RUWDQWRHPYLVWDGRTXHDTXLHVWiGLWRDprólêpsispVLPSRU
XPODGR´>@XPDmemóriaGHSHUFHSo}HVDQWHULRUHVµPDVQmRUHVWULWLYDPHQWH
FRPRDVVHJXUDP0DQXZDOGH/DNVSRURXWURFRPRDFUHVFHQWD/DNVGiVLP SDUDGL]HUTXHDprólêpsis´>@VHGLVWLQJXHUDGLFDOPHQWHGDVHQVDomRGHVSURYLGDGH
PHPyULDµWRGDYLDVHULDSUHFLVRH[SOLFDUTXHHODFRLQFLGHFRP´>@DVHQVDomR SURYLGDGHPHPyULDµRXVHMDFRPDTXHODVHQVDomRTXHYHLRDVHRUGHQDUQD PHQWHPHGLDQWHQRo}HVRXFRQFHLWRV
'HTXDOTXHUPRGRGL]HUTXHDVHQVDomRHQTXDQWRVHQVDomRRXTXHRV QRVVRVVHQWLGRVQmRWrPPHPyULDpEHPSRXFRUHOHYDQWHVREUHWXGRSRUTXHRV QRVVRVVHQWLGRVHLVVRMiIRLGHVFULWROiHQWUHRVDQFHVWUDLVJUHJRVSHORSLWDJyULFR $OFPHmR QmR HVWmR GHVYLQFXODGRV GH QRVVD DWLYLGDGH FHUHEUDO $ ULJRU QmR
YHPRV FRP RV ROKRV QmR RXYLPRV FRP DV RUHOKDV PDV DWUDYpV GRV ROKRV H GDV RUHOKDV H SRUWDQWR YHPRV H RXYLPRV FRP R FpUHEUR 2V QRVVRV yUJmRV VHQVLHQWHVHVWmRGHWDOPRGRYLQFXODGRVjQRVVDDWLYLGDGHFHUHEUDOTXHpDSHQDV H[HUFtFLRGHDEVWUDomRTXHUHUGHVYLQFXOiORV'DtTXHSHUFHSo}HVSHORTXHFRQVWD HP(SLFXURVmRDWLYLGDGHVPHQWDLVGHWDOVRUWHTXHSDUDFDGDSHFHSomRDWXDO VHLPS}HXPHVWDGRSUHVHQWHHFRPHOHXPPRGRSDUWLFXODUGHYHUGHRXYLUHWF 6mRHVVHVPRGRVTXHSUHGLVS}HPRTXHHOHGHQRPLQDprólêpsis.
eQRFpUHEURVHJXQGRDÀUPDTXHVHGmRDVVHQVDo}HVHSRUWDQWRpSRUHOHHP~OWLPDLQVWkQFLD
A prólêpsisVHGiQDDFXPXODomRHGXUDomRGRWHPSRYLYLGRHPTXHVH
YDL DFUHVFHQWDGR QD PHGLGD HP TXH VH DFUHVFHQWD PDLRU VDEHU D XPD QRomR HVSHFtÀFD RX FRQFHLWR JHUDO 1HVVH FDVR VHQVDomR H SUROHSVH SDUWLFLSDP FRQMXQWDPHQWH H QHVVH SRQWR HVWDPRV GH DFRUGR FRP /DNV GR ´FtUFXOR GR FRQKHFLPHQWRµMiTXHDprólêpsisVHPRGLÀFDFRQVWDQWHPHQWHVRERHIHLWRGRV
GDGRVDWXDLVIRUQHFLGRVSHORVVHQWLGRVFRPRTXHSURPRYHXP´>@PRYLPHQWR GLDOpWLFR GD UHSUHVHQWDomRµ LQFOXVLYH GH DODUJDPHQWR GR FRQFHLWR GHprólêpsis
SDUDDOpPGHXPDPHUDQRomRRXLGHLDJHUDO. Trata-se, com efeito, de uma ideia
adquiridaSRUTXDQWR/DNVJDUDQWDTXHHOD´>@QmRpQHPXPDLGHLDLQDWDQHP
DGTXLULGDSRUTXHHVWiVHPSUHDtjGLVSRVLomRQRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGDOLQJXDJHP
HGRSHQVDPHQWRµ/$.6S&RQWXGREHPHQWHQGLGRadquirida
QmRVRERVHQWLGRGHXPDLGHLDSURQWDDFDEDGDHVLPVXMHLWDDXPSHUPDQHQWH ID]HUVHHSRUWDQWRGLVSRQtYHOTXHUQRLQWHUIHULUTXHUQRDUUDQMDUVHVRERXWURV FXLGDGRVHDWHQo}HVDWXDLVGDPHQWH&DEHSRUÀPjVSUROHSVHVYLVWRTXHVHGmR GHDOJXPPRGR´FRQVROLGDGDVµQDPHQWHLQWHUIHULUPDLVSUHFLVDPHQWHRULHQWDUR DÁX[RSHUFHSWLYRHSRUVXSRVWRDVRSLQL}HVTXHOKHHVWmRYLQFXODGDV
$TXHVWmRpHVWDQHPRSHQVDUQHPRVHQWLUHPQyVVHGmRXPSHUDQWH RRXWURGHPRGRLVRODGR+iHQWUHHOHVRTXH(SLFXURGHQRPLQDsympátheia, de afetaçãoRXWHQGrQFLDUHFtSURFDWHUPRTXHRVODWLQRVWUDGX]LUDPSRUconsensus
3RUsympátheia HOH H[SUHVVD XP FRPSDUWLOKDPHQWR FRQH[mR RX OLDPH, mais
SUHFLVDPHQWHXPDWHQGrQFLDRXLQFOLQDomRQDWXUDOTXHUH~QHRVGRLVRVHQWLUHR SHQVDUQXPDPHVPDIXQomRSURPRYHUHPQRVVDPHQWHDOPDDFDSDFLGDGHRX PRGRVGHSHQVDU,VROHVHDDOPDGRVVHQWLGRVGDFRUSRUHLGDGHHQmRWHUHPRV PDLVVHQVDo}HV²HVVHpRSULQFtSLRGDSURSRVLomRGH(SLFXUR6mRDVVHQVDo}HV
TXHOLJDPRSHQVDUFRPRTXHHVWiIRUDGHQyVPHOKRUDLQGDTXHOHYDPo de fora para dentro de nóstôn éxothen prós hêmãs9DOHFRPRLOXVWUDomRRTXH6H[WR
(PStULFRFRPHQWDQGR+HUiFOLWRREVHUYRXDUHVSHLWRGRVQRVVRVVHQWLGRVSRU
ele dito aisthêtikôn pórôn²TXHHOHVVmRFRPRTXHDVMDQHODVthyrídônSHODVTXDLV
´$LQVLO·DFWLRQFRQMRLQWHGHVVHQVDWLRQVHWGHSUROHSVHVHPEUDVVHOHFHUFOHGHODFRQQDLVVDQFHODQDWXUH
GHODSUROHSVHVHPRGLÀHVRXVO·HIIHWGHVGRQQpHVTX·DSSRUWHQWOHVVHQVGRQWO·XVDJHHVWSRXUWDQWUHQGX SRVVLEOHSDUODSUROHSVHTXLOHVDUUDFKHjO·LQDQLWpGHO·LQVWDQW&HPRXYHPHQWGLDOHFWLTXHGHODUHSUpVHQWDWLRQ HVWHIIDFpGDQVO·LQWHUSUHWDWLRQTXLpODUJLWODQRWLRQVSpFLÀTXHGHSUROHSVHjFHOOHG·idée généraleSXLVH[SOLTXH ODIRUPDWLRQFRQFUqWHGHFHOOHFLSDUOHGpS{WjO·LQWpULHXUGHO·HVSULWµ/$.6S
´/DSUROHSVHQ·HVWQLLQQpHQLDFTXLVWHPDLVWRXMRXUVGpMjjO·RHXYUHGDQVOHIRQFWLRQQHPHQWGX
ODQJDJHHWGHODSHQVpHµ
Carta a Heródoto
´>@diò apallageísês tês psychês ouk tên aisthêsin²HLVSRUTXHTXDQGRDDOPDVHYDLQmRKiPDLVVHQVDo}HVµ
Carta a Heródoto
´>@ HQWUDPRV HP UHODomR FRP R TXH QRV FHUFDµ $EHUWDVSDUD R PXQGR VmR WDLVMDQHODVTXH´>@DWLYDPHPQyVDSRVVLELOLGDGHGRSHQVDPHQWRµDIDFXOGDGH GHSHQVDU'.$O',(/6.5$1=IHFKDGDVDSULVLRQDPDDOPD GHVOLJDPVHHPQyVDOX]HDIRUoDGRSHQVDU6mRSRLVSHORVQRVVRVVHQWLGRV DUUDLJDGRVjQRVVDFRUSRUHLGDGHTXHQRVYLQFXODPRVDRPXQGRDRTXDOHVWDPRV LPHUVRVFRPRTXHSRUXPDUDL]
$tQWLPDUHODomRHQWUHDPERVHQWUHRVHQWLUHRSHQVDUHQWUHRIRUDHR GHQWURGHQyVpWmRÀ[DHVyOLGDTXHHVWHVVHFDUHFHPUHFLSURFDPHQWH7DOOLJDomR FRPHIHLWRQmRVHGiDSHQDVHQWUHRSHUFHEHUHRSHQVDUPDVWDPEpPHQWUHD LPDJHPSURMHWDGDjPHQWHHRREMHWRRXFRUSRTXHDLPDJHPRÁX[RGDSURMHomR UHSURGX]HPFRQVRQkQFLDQRVHQWLGRGHXPDDÀQLGDGHFRPRREMHWR. Ocorre,
FRQIRUPH REVHUYD (SLFXUR TXH ´>@ VHP DOJXPD OLJDomR sympatheías> entre
RTXHVHGHVSUHQGHHRTXHUHWRUQDDRREMHWRQmRVHULDSRVVtYHOJHUDUHPQyVD SHUFHSomRepaísthêsis!µ$QRVVDSHUFHSomRpIUXWRGHXPDtQWLPDUHODomRHQWUH
VHQWLUHSHQVDUPDVWDPEpPHQWUHQyVHDOJXPREMHWRGRTXDOVRUYHPRVelementos
iWRPRVFRUS~VFXORVSHUFHSWLYRViWRPRVSRUH[HPSORSURPRWRUHVGRDJUDGR HGRGHVDJUDGRTXHQRVLQVWUXHPWDQWRRQRVVRFRUSRWRGRHOHFRQFHELGRSRU (SLFXURFRPRXPyUJmRSHUFHSWLYRTXDQWRDQRVVDPHQWHTXHSRUVXDYH]QmR VHUHGX]DXPyUJmRHVWULWDPHQWHUDFLRQDO&RPHIHLWRDPERVFRUSRHDOPDHP QyVQmRH[LVWHPLVRODGRVQmRVRPRVGHXPODGRXPVHUDQtPLFRHGHRXWUR FRUSRUHLGDGH6RPRVLVWRVLPXPWRGRKDUPRQLRVRHPTXHRFRUSRRVHQVtYHO HDDOPDRLQWHOLJtYHOVHGmRXQLGRVHFRQMXJDGRVVHPTXDOTXHUÀVVXUDRXFLVmR
1HVVD UHODomR FRUSR H DOPD RV GHVHMRV QHFHVViULRV GR FRUSR D VDWLVIDomRGHQHFHVVLGDGHVIXQGDPHQWDLVWDLVFRPRDIRPHDVHGHVmRIiFHLV
de realizarHDOLiVpSUySULRGDQDWXUH]DFRUSRUDORVDWLVID]HUVHFRPSRXFR
PHOKRUDLQGDpSRXFRRTXH´>@jQDWXUH]DGRFRUSRµID]IDOWD(SLFXURFRP
HIHLWRQmRREVHUYRXRPHVPRHPUHODomRjDOPDTXHSRUVXDYH]DVVLPFRPR RFRUSRGHYHULDVHVDWLVID]HUFRPSRXFR$DOPDQmRVHDSUD]FRPSRXFRQmR HPUD]mRGHVXDQDWXUH]DPDVSRUIRUoDGDVRSLQL}HVIDOVDVGDpseudodoxíaH
GDVVXSRVLo}HVIDOVDVGDVýpolépseis pseudeîsTXHQHODHQWXOKDPRVHTXHYrPDVHU fonte de grandes males.
´2EVHUYHPFRPRDPDLRULDGRVKRPHQVVmRGRHQWHVGHIDOVDVRSLQL}HVµ HVFXOSLXQRPXURGHVXDFLGDGH'LyJHQHVGH(QRDQGDIUDJ&+,/721
Carta a Heródoto Carta a Heródoto
9HMDVHCarta a MeneceuMáximas principaisSentenças vaticanas
´(UJRFRUSRUHDPDGQDWXUDPSDXFDYLGHPXVHVVHRSXVRPQLR²7DPEpPSDUDDQDWXUH]DGRFRUSR
'DtDLPSRUWkQFLDHGLÀFDQWHGDÀORVRÀDHVXDIXQomROLEHUWDGRUDSRUXPODGR DWLYDUHPQyVDHVFXWDDH[HPSORGRTXHSURS{V+HUiFOLWRGDQDWXUH]DHQmR
VyRXYLUDQDWXUH]DLQHUHQWHjVFRLVDVYLYDVQDVSODQWDVQRVDQLPDLVSRUpPHP QRVVRFRUSRHSRUHVVHPHLRQRVUHJHUSRURXWURSURPRYHUHPQyVDWHUDSLD GDDOPDTXHUOLEHUDQGRDGHVHXVHQWXOKRVTXHUHGXFDQGRDDVHVDWLVID]HUFRP SRXFR 'iVH TXH DV JUDQGLRVDV H GLItFHLV LQYHVWLJDo}HV TXHLPSRPRV j QRVVD PHQWH QR JHUDO YROWDGDV SDUD TXHVW}HV QmR HYLGHQWHV H IXQGDGDV HP FUHQoDV YmVHPQDGDFRQWULEXHPSDUDDPHOKRULDGHQRVVDFRQGLomRKXPDQDVREUHWXGR PDLVQRVDGRHFHPTXHQRVFXUDP$1DWXUH]DQRVGRWRXVLPGHXPFpUHEUR GHUD]mRPDVQmRSDUDFRPHOHQRVLQWUDQTXLOL]DUSDUDFULDUSDUDQyVPHVPRV SUREOHPDVTXHXOWUDSDVVDPDQRVVDFDSDFLGDGHKXPDQDGHUHVROYrORVRXSDUD LQYHQWDUSULQFtSLRVTXHQmRHVWDPRVHPFRQGLo}HVGHSUDWLFDU
63,1(//,0LJXHO&RQVLGHUDWLRQVRQWKHprólêpsisRI (SLFXUXVTrans/Form/Ação, Marília,
YQS-DQ$EULO
ABSTRACT: This article discusses the terms in which Cicero, Lucretius and Diogenes Laertius VRXJKWWRPDNHVHQVHRI WKHprólêpsisRI (SLFXUXV7RJLYHYRLFHWRDQGWRGLYXOJHDPRQJ/DWLQVSHDNHUV WKHGRFWULQHRI (SLFXUHDQLVP&LFHURIXUQLVKHGWKHWHUPVantecipatio, praenotio, and informationem, and /XFUHWLXVSURYLGHGnotitia, exemplare, and vestiga'LRJHQHV/DHUWLXVSUHVHQWHGWKHWHUPVkatalêpsis, dóxa, énnoia, and hypólêpsinZLWKZKLFKKHVD\VWKH(SLFXUHDQVWULHGWRH[SODLQWKHprólêpsisRI (SLFXUXV7KH DUWLFOHDOVRGLVFXVVHVWKHYLHZVRIVRPHFRQWHPSRUDU\FRPPHQWDWRUV
KEYWORDS:SUyOrSVLVDQWHFLSDWLRSUDHQRWLRQRWLWLDNDWDOrSVLV
REFERÊNCIAS
$5,67Ð7(/(6Metafísica 7UDG GH 9DOHQWtQ *DUFtD <HEUD (GLomR WULOLQJXH 0DGULG
*UHGRV
%$,/(<&\ULOThe Greek Atomists and Epicurus: A Study1HZ<RUN5XVVHOO 5XVVHOO
%$/$8'e-,QWURGXFWLRQ,QBBBBBBLettres, maximes, sentences. Traduction, introduction
HWFRPPHQWDLUHVSDU-HDQ)UDQFRLV%DODXGH3DULV/LEUDLULHJpQpUDOHIUDQFDLVH %581-HDQL’épicurisme3DULV38)
$VVLPGLVVH+HUiFOLWRD´>@VDEHGRULDFRQVLVWHHPGL]HUDYHUGDGHHHPDJLUVHJXQGRDQDWXUH]D
HVFXWDQGRDµ(672%(8Florilégio,,,OO²'.%OODSXG',(/6.5$1=2DJLU
&Ì&(52De natura deorum :LWK DQ (QJOLVK WUDQVODWLRQ E\ + 5DFNKDP &DPEULGJH
+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
&+,/721 & :Diogenes of Oenoanda. The fragments, translation and commentary.
2[IRUG2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
&21&+( 0 ,QWURGXFWLRQ ,Q ______. Lettres et Maximes 7H[WH pWDEOLH SDU 0DUFHO
&RQFKH3DULV38)
'( :,77 1RUPDQ :HQWZRUWKEpicurus and his philosophy 0LQQHDSROLV 8QLYHUVLW\ RI
0LQQHVRWD3UHVV/RQGRQ2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
',(/6 +HUPDQ .5$1= :DOWKHUDie Fragmente der Vorsokratiker HG =ULFK
+LOGHVKHLP:HLGPDQQ
',Ð*(1(6/$e5&,29LWHHGRWWULQHGHLSLFHOHEULÀORVRÀ. Testo greco a fronte, a cura
GL*LRYDQQL5HDOHFRQODFROODERUD]LRQHGL*LXVHSSH*LUJHQWLH,ODULD5DPHOOL0LODQR %RPSLDQL
(3,&852Lettres, maximes, sentences. 7UDGXFWLRQLQWURGXFWLRQHWFRPPHQWDLUHVSDU-HDQ
Francois Balaude.3DULV/LEUDLULH*pQpUDOH)UDQFDLVH
BBBBBBLettres et Maximes7H[WHpWDEOLHSDU0DUFHO&RQFKH3DULV38)
BBBBBBLa lettre d’Épicure >j+pURGRWH@,QWURGXFWLRQWH[WHHWFRPPHQWDLUHDYHFJORVVDLUH
LQGH[JUDPPDWLFDOHWLQGH[GHVPRWVJUHFVSDU-HDQ%ROODFN0D\RWWH%ROODFN +HLQ] :LVPDQQ3DULVeGLWLRQVGH0LQXLW
)$55,1*721%HQMDPLQA Doutrina de Epicuro7UDGGH(GPRQG-RUJH5LRGH-DQHLUR
=DKDU
*8$/&DUORV*DUFtDEpicuro0DGULG$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO
/$&7$1&,2/XFLR&HOLR)LUPLDQRInstituciones divinas7UDGGH(6iQFKH]6DORUUHYGH
306XiUH]0DUWtQH]0DGULG*UHGRV
/$.6$QGUpeGLWLRQFULWLTXHHWFRPPHQWpHGHODVie d’ÉpicureGDQV'LRJpQH/DsUFH;
,Q%2//$&.-/$.6$Cahiers de Philologie. Etudes sur l’épicurisme antique,/LOOH
3UHVV8QLYHUVLWDLUH
/8&5e&,2De rerum natura. De la naturaleza,QWURGXFFLyQWUDGXFFLyQ\1RWDVGH(GXDUG
9DOHQWt)LRO%DUFHORQD%RVFK
0$18:$/'$QNHDie Prolepsislehre Epicurs%RQQ'LVV
52%,1/pRQ/DSHQVpHJUHFTXHHWOHVRULJLQHVGHO·HVSULWVFLHQWLÀTXH3DULV$OELQ0LFKHO 6(;72(03Ì5,&2&RQWUHOHVPRUDOLVWHV7UDGXLWHSDU-HDQ*UHQLHU,QBBBBBBOeuvres
Choisies de Sextus Empiricus3DULV$XELHU
63,1(//,0Os Caminhos de Epicuro6mR3DXOR/R\ROD