Osobennosti jenergeticheskoj strategii ES v Baltijskom regione [The features of EU energy strategy in the Baltic region]

ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ

338.124.4+332.146.2+330.34.014 (470.26)

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟ -ɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɜ 1990-ɯ — ɧɚɱɚɥɟ 2000-ɯɝɝ. ɫɰɟɥɶɸɜɵɹɜɥɟ -ɧɢɹɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɢɷɧɟɪ -ɝɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɧ Ȼɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨ -ɧɚ. ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨ -ɞɫɬɜɚ ȿɋ, ɫɬɪɚɧ — ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨ -ɥɢɬɢɤɢɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ. Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟȿɋ ɜ 2004 ɝ. ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɛɭɱɟɬɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢɷɧɟɪ -ɝɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɢɯɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ. ɗɧɟɪ -ɝɟɬɢɤɚɅɢɬɜɵ, Ʌɚɬɜɢɢɢɗɫɬɨɧɢɢ, ɤɚɤɢɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɟɜ -ɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɢɫɬɪɚɧɋɇȽ, ɨɤɚɡɚ -ɥɚɫɶ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɨɣ Ɋɨɫ -ɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ɋɬɪɟɦɹɫɶ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɞɚɧ -ɧɨɟɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨȿɋɢɟɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɪɹɞ ɦɟɪ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɧɚ -ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟ -ɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «ɦɥɚɞɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɟɜ», ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ — ɧɚ ɭɱɟɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟ -ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɟɪ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɨ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɦɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢ -ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɵɧɤɚ.

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ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ

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. URL: http://www.eriras.ru/papers/2005/risks.pdf ( : 02.10.2011). 5. Ɇɚɬɬɟɨɬɬɢ ɋ., ɇɚɪɬɨɜɚ Ɉ. . URL: http://trade.ecoaccord.org/ bridges/trade.htm ( : 04.10.2011).

6. Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬ . URL: http://www.ukroil.com.ua/ news/print/20010.html ( : 10.10.2011).

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: 19.10.2011).

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12. Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ Estlink ( ). URL: http://www.regnum.ru/ news/763163.html ( : 04.10.2011).

Ɉɛɚɜɬɨɪɟ

Ʉɪɟɬɢɧɢɧ Ƚɟɧɧɚɞɢɣ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɱ, , ,

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G.V. Kretinin

THE FEATURES OF EU ENERGY STRATEGY IN THE BALTIC REGION

This article analyses the issues of EU energy policy in the 1990s-the beginning of the 2000s in order to identify the features of energy supply and energy safety of the Baltic re-gion countries. The research and practical significance of the work consists in the stepwise description of actions taken by EU leaders and EU member states in order to formulate a common European energy policy. The 2004 EU enlargement posed the problem of taking into account the features of energy supply of Eastern European countries and, especially, the Baltic States. The energy industries of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, as well as other Eastern European and CIS countries, are closely related to the energy industry of the Rus-sian Federation. Trying to allow for this circumstance, EU leaders and energy structures took a number of organisational measures aimed, on the one hand, at an increase in energy independence of new members of the EU and, on the other hand, at taking in account the recent trends in the energy market development. The research shows that most of initiatives do not take into account the perspective and interests of Russia, which has a strong pres-ence in energy market.

The analysis conducted will help the assessment of prospects of further development of the Baltic States' energy industry and its interaction with that of the Russian Federation.

Key words: energy, market, strategy, sources, European Union, Russia, Baltic region, guideline, safety, energy resources, diversification, integration.

References

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About author

Prof. Gennady V. Kretinin, Department of Special Historical Disciplines and Regional History, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, head of the Baltic in-formation and analysis centre of the Russian Institute for Strategic Studies.