5HSUHVHQWDomRVRFLDOGDSHVTXLVDHGDDWLYLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDXP
HVWXGRFRPGRXWRUDQGRV
Edna Maria Querido de Oliveira Chamon
Universidade de TaubatéResumo
Este trabalho analisa os processos e conteúdos representacionais de doutorandos na área de ciências exatas
FRPUHODomRjSHVTXLVD3DUDLVVRIRUDPUHDOL]DGDVHQWUHYLVWDVFRPDOXQRVGHGLYHUVDViUHDVGDVFLrQFLDV H[DWDV8PDDQiOLVHGHFRQWH~GRLQIRUPDWL]DGDGHVVDVHQWUHYLVWDVUHYHORXXPDFODVVHGHGLVFXUVRVOLJDGD
DRWHPDpesquisaFRPXPDQtWLGDVHSDUDomRHQWUHSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOHDSOLFDGDDOpPGHFRQVLGHUDo}HV
pWLFDVVREUHR³ERP´H³PDX´XVRGRVSURGXWRVGDFLrQFLDHDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHGRSHVTXLVDGRUFRPUHVSHLWR DHVVHXVR)RLSRVVtYHOLGHQWL¿FDUQHVVHFDVRRVSURFHVVRVSVLFRVVRFLDLVGHREMHWLYDomRHDQFRUDJHPTXH HVWmRQDJrQHVHGDUHSUHVHQWDomRVRFLDOGDSHVTXLVD
3DODYUDVFKDYHUHSUHVHQWDomRVRFLDOGRXWRUDQGRVUHSUHVHQWDomRGDSHVTXLVD
Abstract
6RFLDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIUHVHDUFKDQGVFLHQWL¿FDFWLYLW\DVWXG\ZLWK3K'VWXGHQWV7KLVSDSHUDQDO\]HVWKH VRFLDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHFRQFHSWRIUHVHDUFKFRQVWUXFWHGE\VWXGHQWVHQUROOHGLQDGRFWRUDOSURJUDP7KH VRFLDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQZDVREWDLQHGIURPWKHFRQWHQWDQDO\VLVRIDVHWRILQWHUYLHZV7KLVDQDO\VLVVKRZHG DVHSDUDWLRQEHWZHHQEDVLFDQGDSSOLHGUHVHDUFKWKHSUHVHQFHRIHWKLFQRWLRQVDERXW³JRRG´DQG³EDG´XVH RIVFLHQFH¿QGLQJVDQGWKHUHVHDUFKHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKLVXVH:HZHUHDEOHWRLGHQWLI\WKHEDVLFSURFHVVHV WKDWJHQHUDWHWKHVRFLDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIUHVHDUFKIRUWKLVJURXS
.H\ZRUGVVRFLDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ3K'VWXGHQWVUHVHDUFKUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ
A
VVRFLHGDGHVPRGHUQDVWrPJUDQGHFRQVLGHUDomRSHODFLrQFLD(ODpHQWUHRXWUDVDWLYLGDGHVVRFLDLVHFXOWXUDLV XPDSURGXomRGDVVRFLHGDGHVVREUHVLPHVPDV$FLrQ FLDFRQVLVWHQXPHVIRUoRLQGLYLGXDOHFROHWLYRSDUDVXEVWLWXLU SRUXPPRGHORH[SOLFDWLYRRFDRVTXHQRVURGHLD0DVWDPEpP pDFLrQFLDGRVSURGXWRVDFDEDGRVXPDFLrQFLDIHLWDHTXHQXP FHUWRVHQWLGRMiSHUWHQFHDRSDVVDGR8PDRXWUDIDFHPHQRVFRQKHFLGDpDTXHODTXHFRUUHVSRQGH DRWUDEDOKRTXRWLGLDQRGRVODERUDWyULRVTXHpFKDPDGD pesqui-sa.$DWLYLGDGHGHSHVTXLVDHYROXLQXPFRQWH[WREHPGLIHUHQWH
GDTXHOHGDFLrQFLDDFDEDGD$OLHQFRQWUDPRVRVIUDFDVVRVRV HVWXGRVTXHQmRIRUDPFRQFOXtGRVRVSUREOHPDVGH¿QDQFLD PHQWR DV GLVSXWDV VREUH D SULPD]LD GRV UHVXOWDGRV H YiULDV RXWUDVVLWXDo}HVTXHHPSULQFtSLRVHULDPFDUDFWHUL]DGDVFRPR ³QmRFLHQWt¿FDV´PDVTXHQDSUiWLFDQmRSRGHPVHUGLVVRFLDGDV GRWUDEDOKRGHXPSHVTXLVDGRU
2REMHWLYRGHVWHWUDEDOKRpRHVWXGRGHVVDVVLWXDo}HVHPDLV SUHFLVDPHQWHDIRUPDFRPRRVGRXWRUDQGRVDVSHUFHEHP1D YHUGDGHRVGRXWRUDQGRVVmRSHVTXLVDGRUHVHPIRUPDomRHVHX WUDEDOKRpWDQWRFRQVWUXomRFLHQWt¿FDTXDQWRLGHQWLWiULD(OHV FRQKHFHPFRPRWRGRPXQGRRXQLYHUVRGDFLrQFLDDFDEDGD
HOHVGHVFREUHPQDSUiWLFDGDSHVTXLVDDFLrQFLDWDOFRPRHOD pIHLWD
(VWHHVWXGRWHPSRUIXQGDPHQWRDSVLFRORJLDVRFLDOHSDUWL FXODUPHQWHDWHRULDGDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVVRFLDLV(VWXGDPRVDTXL DVFUHQoDVHRSLQL}HVGRVGRXWRUDQGRVDUHVSHLWRGDSHVTXLVD IRUDGHXPFRQWH[WRSXUDPHQWHFLHQWt¿FR(PRXWUDVSDODYUDV QyVSURFXUDPRVFDUDFWHUL]DUDSHVTXLVDFRPRREMHWRGHUHSUH VHQWDomRVRFLDOSDUDHVVHJUXSRGHSHVTXLVDGRUHVHPIRUPDomR 1RVVRLQWHUHVVHpREVHUYDUFRPRHVVDUHSUHVHQWDomRFRQWLQXDD IXQFLRQDUGXUDQWHDDWLYLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDHFRPRSRGHGLULJLUHVVD DWLYLGDGHDRPHVPRWHPSRHPTXHpPRGL¿FDGDSRUHOD
(VWHWUDEDOKRSURFXUDPRVWUDUTXHH[LVWHXPDFRQWLQXLGDGH QDUHSUHVHQWDomRGDDWLYLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDHTXHRVHVTXHPDVGR VHQVRFRPXPFRQWLQXDPDLQÀXHQFLDURVGRXWRUDQGRVHPVHX WUDEDOKRGHSHVTXLVD
DSUHVHQWDGRVDVHJXLU
1RGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVWHWUDEDOKRXPFHUWRQ~PHURGH FRQFHLWRVHGHVLVWHPDVGHH[SOLFDomRQRVSDUHFHUDPQHFHVVi ULRVSDUDIRUQHFHUQRLQtFLRXPDGLUHomRDRHVWXGRUHDOL]DGR HQR¿QDOXPVXSRUWHH[SOLFDWLYRSDUDRVUHVXOWDGRVREWLGRV (VWDVHomRH[S}HDVWHRULDVQDVTXDLVQRVDSRLDPRVSDUDHVVH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR$DSUHVHQWDomRVHUiQHFHVVDULDPHQWHEUHYHH LQFRPSOHWD1RVVRREMHWLYRpSULQFLSDOPHQWHID]HUXPOHYDQWD PHQWRGRTXHQRVSDUHFHXHVVHQFLDOPRVWUDQGRDVHVFROKDVTXH ¿]HPRVDRORQJRGRFDPLQKRHRVFRQFHLWRVFKDYHTXHVHUYLUDP SDUDDFRQVWUXomRGHVWHHVWXGR
'XDViUHDVHPSDUWLFXODUVHUmRDERUGDGDV3ULPHLUDPHQWH DGDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVVRFLDLV$SUHVHQWDPRVDSHQDVXPHVERoR GRVSURFHVVRVTXHGH¿QHPDGLQkPLFDGDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVVR FLDLVDREMHWLYDomRHDDQFRUDJHP3UHWHQGHPRVVLPSOHVPHQWH H[SOLFLWDUQRVVD¿OLDomRjWHRULDGRFDPSRHVWUXWXUDGRWDOFRPR HODpGHVHQYROYLGDSHORVSHVTXLVDGRUHVGDHVFRODGH*HQHEUD RXGH3DULV$WHRULDGRQ~FOHRFHQWUDOQmRVHUiDERUGDGDQHVWH WUDEDOKR
8PVHJXQGRWHPDLPSRUWDQWHQHVWDSHVTXLVDHQJOREDDV GLIHUHQWHVWHRULDVTXHH[LVWHPSDUDRHVWXGRGDFLrQFLD&RP SDUDPRVGHPDQHLUDVLPSOL¿FDGDDVDERUGDJHQVSURSRVWDVSHOD HSLVWHPRORJLDHSHODVRFLRORJLDGDFLrQFLDHGLVFXWLPRVTXDLV DVSRVVtYHLVFRQWULEXLo}HVGDSVLFRORJLDVRFLDOSDUDDGLVFXVVmR GHVVHWHPD
Análise dinâmica das representações sociais
$VUHSUHVHQWDo}HVVRFLDLVVHDSUHVHQWDPVHPSUHVREGRLV DVSHFWRVRGDLPDJHPUHSURGXomRGRUHDOGHPDQHLUDFRQFUHWD HRGRFRQFHLWRDEVWUDomRGRVHQWLGRGRUHDOVLJQL¿FDomRTXH FRUUHVSRQGHjLPDJHPGRUHDO3DUDFRPSUHHQGHUDGLQkPLFD GDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVVRFLDLVpSUHFLVRDQDOLVDURVGRLVSURFHVVRV TXHLQWHUYrPQDVXDIRUPDomRDREMHWLYDomRHDDQFRUDJHP (VVHVSURFHVVRV³LQGLFDPDPDQHLUDFRPRRVRFLDOWUDQVIRUPD XPFRQKHFLPHQWRHPUHSUHVHQWDomRHFRPRHVWDUHSUHVHQWDomR WUDQVIRUPDRVRFLDO´-RGHOHWS(OHVPRVWUDPXPD GDVIXQo}HVGHEDVHGDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVVRFLDLVDLQWHJUDomRGR QRYRGRLQHVSHUDGRHGRLQH[SOLFiYHOO conceito de objetivação
$ REMHWLYDomR p R SURFHVVR TXH WRUQD FRQFUHWR R TXH p DEVWUDWRTXHPDWHULDOL]DDSDODYUDTXHWUDQVIRUPDRFRQFHLWR HPREMHWRHRVWRUQDLQWHUFDPELiYHLV1DUHDOLGDGHHODVXEVWLWXL RFRQFHLWRSHORTXHpSHUFHELGRRREMHWRSHODVXDLPDJHPD LPDJHPWRUQDQGRVHRREMHWRHQmRVXDUHSUHVHQWDomR$LPDJHP pVHPSUHXPDVLPSOL¿FDomRQHFHVVDULDPHQWHGHIRUPDGDGR FRQFHLWRTXHOKHGHXRULJHP
$REMHWLYDomRJHUDDRSDFLGDGHGDUHSUHVHQWDomRVRFLDO 8PDUHSUHVHQWDomRVRFLDOpRSDFDDVLPHVPDLVWRpHODQmRVH FRORFDQRGLVFXUVRFRPRUHSUHVHQWDomR(ODpYLVWDFRPRIRUPD GHYHUGDGHFRPRREVHUYD5RXTXHWWH³$PDLRUSDUWHGR WHPSRFDGDXPHVWiFRQYHQFLGRGHTXHIDODGDUHDOLGDGHGDV FRLVDVTXDQGRDSHQDVH[SULPHVXDSUySULDFRPSUHHQVmRGDTXLOR TXHSHUFHEH´S
8PDGDVIXQo}HVGDREMHWLYDomRpGHIDFLOLWDUDFRPXQL FDomRHPERUDLVVRVHIDoDSHODGLVVRFLDomRGRREMHWRRXGR FRQFHLWRGRTXDGURFLHQWt¿FRRXLGHROyJLFRTXHOKHGiVHQWLGR
8PDRXWUDIXQomROLJDGDjDQWHULRUHWDOYH]PDLVIXQGDPHQWDO pDGHFDUDFWHUL]DUXPDLQVFULomRSVLFRVVRFLDO5RXTXHWWH S2REMHWRDSURSULDGRSHORJUXSRQmRVHGLVWLQJXHGDUH SUHVHQWDomRGHVWHREMHWR1mRH[LVWHRVHQWLPHQWRGHDUELWUiULR RXUHODWLYRFRPUHVSHLWRjUHSUHVHQWDomRGRREMHWR$LPDJHP WRUQDVHRREMHWR
2FRQFHLWRGHDQFRUDJHP
2 SURFHVVR GH DQFRUDJHP GL] UHVSHLWR DR HQUDL]DPHQWR VRFLDOGDUHSUHVHQWDomR6XDIXQomRpGHUHDOL]DUDLQWHJUDomR FRJQLWLYDGRREMHWRUHSUHVHQWDGRQXPVLVWHPDGHSHQVDPHQWR SUHH[LVWHQWH'HVVDPDQHLUDRVQRYRVHOHPHQWRVGHFRQKHFL PHQWRVmRFRORFDGRVQXPDUHGHGHFDWHJRULDVPDLVIDPLOLDUHV 2VLVWHPDGHFODVVL¿FDomRXWLOL]DGRVXS}HXPDEDVHGHUHSUH VHQWDomRSDUWLOKDGDFROHWLYDPHQWH-RGHOHWSLVWR pFDWHJRULDVVRFLDOPHQWHHVWDEHOHFLGDV3RGHVHGL]HUTXHR JUXSRH[SULPHVXDLGHQWLGDGHDSDUWLUGRVHQWLGRTXHHOHGij UHSUHVHQWDomR
$VVLP D DQFRUDJHP VH UHIHUH D VLJQL¿FDo}HV GLVWLQWDV GDTXHODVLQWHUQDVDRFRQWH~GRGHXPDUHSUHVHQWDomR6mRDV VLJQL¿FDo}HVTXHLQWHUYrPQDVUHODo}HVVLPEyOLFDVH[LVWHQWHV QRJUXSRVRFLDOTXHUHSUHVHQWDRREMHWR
:LOOHP'RLVHSSURS}HXPDDQiOLVHGDDQFR UDJHPGDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVVRFLDLVDSDUWLUGHXPDFODVVL¿FDomR HPWUrVPRGDOLGDGHVDDQFRUDJHPGRWLSRSVLFROyJLFRGL] UHVSHLWRjVFUHQoDVRXYDORUHVJHUDLVTXHSRGHPRUJDQL]DUDV UHODo}HVVLPEyOLFDVFRPRRXWURDDQFRUDJHPGRWLSRSVL FRVVRFLROyJLFRLQVFUHYHRVFRQWH~GRVGDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVVRFLDLV QDPDQHLUDFRPRRVLQGLYtGXRVVHVLWXDPVLPEROLFDPHQWHQDV UHODo}HVVRFLDLVHQDVGLYLV}HVSRVLFLRQDLVHFDWHJRULDLVSUySULDVD XPFDPSRVRFLDOGH¿QLGRHDDQFRUDJHPGRWLSRVRFLROyJLFR UHIHUHVHjPDQHLUDFRPRDVUHODo}HVVLPEyOLFDVHQWUHJUXSRV LQWHUYrPQDDSURSULDomRGRREMHWR
(VVHVGRLVSURFHVVRVREMHWLYDomRHDQFRUDJHPVmRFRP SOHPHQWDUHVDLQGDTXHDSDUHQWHPHQWHRSRVWRVXPEXVFDFULDU YHUGDGHVyEYLDVSDUDWRGRVHLQGHSHQGHQWHVGHWRGRGHWHUPLQLV PRVRFLDOHSVLFROyJLFRHQTXDQWRRRXWURDRFRQWUiULRUHIHUHVH jLQWHUYHQomRGHWDLVGHWHUPLQLVPRVQDJrQHVHHWUDQVIRUPDomR GHVVDVYHUGDGHV2SULPHLURFULDDUHDOLGDGHHPVLRVHJXQGR OKHGiVLJQL¿FDomR
A representação social estabelecida por esses processos
JDUDQWHXPDFHUWDHVWDELOLGDGHHSLVWHPROyJLFDDRREMHWRUHSUH VHQWDGR2PXQGRVHPRGL¿FDPDLVGHSUHVVDGRTXHDLGpLDTXH ID]HPRVGHOH7UDQVIRUPDQGRRFRPSOH[RHPVLPSOHVREMHWL YDomRHRHVWUDQKRHPIDPLOLDUDQFRUDJHPHODSHUPLWHXPD LQWHJUDomR³VXDYH´GRQRYRHGRGHVFRQKHFLGR
eMXVWDPHQWHHVVDSURSULHGDGHGHHVWDELOLGDGHTXHYDLJD UDQWLUXPDFRQWLQXLGDGHQDUHSUHVHQWDomRGDDWLYLGDGHFLHQWt¿FD 'RLVH0DVHVWDELOLGDGHQmRVLJQL¿FDULJLGH]HFRQWL QXLGDGHQmRLPSOLFDGHWHUPLQDomR$VVLPDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HV VRFLDLVYmRHYROXLUWRUQDUVHHVSHFt¿FDVPDVPDQWHUmRFRPR YHUHPRVQDDQiOLVHGHQRVVRVUHVXOWDGRVVXDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV IXQGDPHQWDLVLQLFLDLV
A construção da ciência
PHQWHDDERUGDJHPHSLVWHPROyJLFDHDDERUGDJHPVRFLROyJLFD 1yVJRVWDUtDPRVQHVWHWUDEDOKRGHDFUHVFHQWDUDHVVDVGXDVD GDSVLFRORJLDVRFLDOHPDLVSUHFLVDPHQWHDGDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HV VRFLDLVGDSHVTXLVD(VVD~OWLPDSURFXUDH[SOLFLWDUDVUHSUHVHQ WDo}HVTXHFHUWRVJUXSRV±RS~EOLFRHPJHUDORVSROtWLFRVD FRPXQLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDRXRXWURV±WrPGDSHVTXLVDHDVUHODo}HV HQWUHHVVDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVHDVSUiWLFDVVRFLDLVGHVVHVJUXSRV 'HIDWRFRPRVXJHUH%DUUHDXRV³HVTXHPDVGRFRQKH FLPHQWRFRPXPQmRGHL[DPGHKDELWDURHVStULWRGRVFLHQWLVWDV QmRDSHQDVHPVXDYLGDSULYDGDRTXHpyEYLRPDVWDPEpPQR VHXSUySULRWUDEDOKRGHSHVTXLVD´SS(VVDSRVLomRp UHIRUoDGDSRU'RLVHTXHGHIHQGHFRPRMiPHQFLRQDPRVXPD FRQWLQXLGDGHQDUHSUHVHQWDomRGDDWLYLGDGHFLHQWt¿FD
1yVWHQWDUHPRVDTXLDSUHVHQWDUGHPDQHLUDVXFLQWDDVFDUDF WHUtVWLFDVGHFDGDXPDGHVVDVDERUGDJHQVHDFRQWULEXLomRTXHD SVLFRORJLDVRFLDOSRGHWUD]HUSDUDHVVDGLVFXVVmR
$DERUGDJHPHSLVWHPROyJLFD
$¿ORVR¿DGDFLrQFLDpDPDLVDQWLJDGDVPRGDOLGDGHVGH HVWXGRGDFLrQFLD9iULRV¿OyVRIRVVHGHEUXoDUDPVREUHRSUREOH PDGHSHQVDUDFLrQFLDQRTXHHODFRQVLVWHFRPRHODIXQFLRQD 6HWLYpVVHPRVGHDSRQWDUDSHQDVGRLVGHVVHVSHQVDGRUHVTXH H[HUFHUDPPDLRULQÀXrQFLDVREUHRVUXPRVGHVVDGLVFLSOLQD VHJXUDPHQWHQRVVDHVFROKDUHFDLULDVREUH.DUO3RSSHUH7KRPDV .XKQ
3RSSHUGHVHQYROYHDLGpLDGHTXHRHPSLULVPR±EDVHDGR QDVREVHUYDo}HV±QmRpFDSD]GHREWHUHQXQFLDGRVGHFDUiWHU XQLYHUVDO(OHSURS}HXPDGH¿QLomRKRMHFOiVVLFDGHHQXQFLDGR FLHQWt¿FRDSRLDGDQRFRQFHLWRGHIDOVHDELOLGDGHXPDWHRULDp FLHQWt¿FDQDPHGLGDHPTXHHODpFDSD]GHJHUDUHQXQFLDGRVTXH SRGHPVHUGHVPHQWLGRVSHODH[SHULPHQWDomR3RSSHU $VVLPXPDWHRULDQmRpQXQFDYHUGDGHLUDHODpVHPSUHSURYL VyULDDPHOKRUTXHVHWHPDWpRPRPHQWR2GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GDFLrQFLDVHRSHUDDWUDYpVGH³GHVD¿RV´ODQoDGRVDXPDWHRULD RXVHMDEXVFDQGRFRORFiODjSURYDYHUL¿FDQGRVHHODUHVLVWHDR WHVWHGDH[SHULrQFLDHHYHQWXDOPHQWHDEDQGRQDQGRDHPIDYRU GHXPDRXWUDPDLVFRPSOHWD
(VVDFRQFHSomRGHFLrQFLDpWRWDOPHQWHGHVWLWXtGDGHDV SHFWRVVRFLDLV(ODQmROHYDHPFRQWDRVDVSHFWRVKLVWyULFRVH FXOWXUDLVGHSURGXomRGRVFRQKHFLPHQWRV&RQWUDSRQGRVHDHVVD YLVmRDSDUHFHPRVWUDEDOKRVGH7KRPDV.XKQTXHLQWURGX]D WHPSRUDOLGDGHQRVHVWXGRVVREUHDFLrQFLD
6HJXQGR.XKQH[LVWHPGRLVPRGRVGLVWLQWRVGH GHVHQYROYLPHQWRFLHQWt¿FRTXHHOHFKDPDGHFLrQFLDQRUPDO HGHUHYROXomR(OHVXVWHQWDTXHDPDLRUSDUWHGDDWLYLGDGH FLHQWt¿FDTXHFRQVWLWXLDFLrQFLDQRUPDOQmRFRQVLVWHHPWHVWDU DVWHRULDVH[LVWHQWHVPDVDRFRQWUiULRHPGHVHQYROYrODV$ FLrQFLDQRUPDOWUDEDOKDGHQWURGRTXH.XKQFKDPDXP
para-GLJPD(VVHFRQFHLWRpHTXLYDOHQWHDXPVLVWHPDGHFUHQoDV UHSUHVHQWDQGRXPDYLVmRGRPXQGRTXHLQFOXLRFRQMXQWRGRV SUREOHPDV WLGRV FRPR LQWHUHVVDQWHV DV XQLGDGHV GH DQiOLVH GHVVHVSUREOHPDVDVIHUUDPHQWDVGLVSRQtYHLVSDUDDEXVFDGH VROXo}HVHRVH[HPSORVLVWRpFRQMXQWRGHSUREOHPDVTXHR SDUDGLJPDSHUPLWLXUHVROYHU
$VVLPRVDGHSWRVGHXPSDUDGLJPDVHHVIRUoDPHPJHUDO SDUDGHVHQYROYrORVHPWHQWDUGHUUXEiOR$SHQDVTXDQGRDV GL¿FXOGDGHVTXHGHVD¿DPRSDUDGLJPDVHDFXPXODPHRQ~PHUR
GHH[SOLFDo}HVad hocFUHVFHDFRQWHFHXPDUHYROXomR$SDUHFH
HQWmRXPQRYRSDUDGLJPDUDGLFDOPHQWHGLIHUHQWHGRDQWHULRU FRPQRYRVFRQFHLWRVHQRYRVSUREOHPDVSDUDVHUHPUHVROYLGRV 6HJXQGR.XKQRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRFLHQWt¿FRRFRUUHSRUDFX PXODomRHUXSWXUD
2GHEDWHHQWUHHVVDVGXDVYLV}HVGDFLrQFLDGRPLQDRFH QiULRGDHSLVWHPRORJLDDWXDO(QWUHWDQWRHODVQmRHVWmRLVHQWDV GHFUtWLFDV(PSDUWLFXODUDDXVrQFLDFRPSOHWDGRLQGLYtGXRR SHVTXLVDGRUVHID]VHQWLU8PDRXWUDFUtWLFDTXHDPSOLDHVVD SULPHLUDGL]UHVSHLWRDRSDSHOGRVDVSHFWRVVRFLDLVQDVWHRULDV HSLVWHPROyJLFDV(PERUD.XKQWUDWHGRFRQWH[WRKLVWyULFRQR HVWXGRGDHYROXomRGDFLrQFLDRFRQWH[WRVRFLDOHVWiHVWUDQKD PHQWHDXVHQWH,VVRDFRQWHFHSRUTXHDHSLVWHPRORJLDSUHRFXSD VHIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHFRPRVSURGXWRVGDFLrQFLDFRQWH[WRGD SURYDRXGDMXVWL¿FDWLYDHQmRFRPDVFRQGLo}HVGDGHVFREHUWD FLHQWt¿FDFRQWH[WRGDGHVFREHUWD6mRHVVDVFRQGLo}HVDVLQÀX rQFLDVVRFLDLVDLPDJLQDomRFLHQWt¿FDDVLQWXLo}HVRUDFLRFtQLR DQDOyJLFRTXHVHUmRSULYLOHJLDGRVQXPDDERUGDJHPVRFLROyJLFD GRHVWXGRGDFLrQFLD
$DERUGDJHPVRFLROyJLFD
1DDERUGDJHPVRFLROyJLFDSURFXUDVHFRPSUHHQGHUFRPR DFLrQFLDIXQFLRQDDSDUWLUGDPDQHLUDFRPRHODpIHLWDHGDV FRQGLo}HVQDVTXDLVHODpSURGX]LGD,VVRLPSOLFDID]HUXPDGLV WLQomRHQWUHDFLrQFLDHDSHVTXLVD$SULPHLUDpDFLrQFLDIHLWDR SURGXWRDVHJXQGDpDFLrQFLDVHID]HQGRRSURFHVVRLVWRpD FLrQFLDHPDomR/DWRXU$HSLVWHPRORJLDHVWXGDDFLrQFLD IHLWDDVOLJDo}HVLQWHUQDVGDOyJLFDGDVLGpLDVDVRFLRORJLDGD FLrQFLDHVWXGDDFLrQFLDTXHVHID]LVWRpDSUiWLFDGDFLrQFLD
(PHSLVWHPRORJLDDVHQWLGDGHVGHEDVHVmRDEVWUDo}HVGR WLSR³WHRULD´RX³PpWRGR´+iSRXFRHVSDoRSDUDRVDVSHFWRV VRFLDLVTXHVmRFRQVLGHUDGRVPDUJLQDLVRXPHVPRSHUWXUEDGR UHVGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDFLrQFLD%UXQR/DWRXUDSUHVHQWDH FULWLFDRPRGHORFOiVVLFRGDVUHODo}HVHQWUHFLrQFLDHVRFLHGDGH FRPRXPDRSRVLomRHQWUHRQ~FOHRGXURGDFLrQFLDHRVHXFRQ WH[WRVRFLDO³XPDFLrQFLDVHUiWDQWRPDLVH[DWDPDLVFRUUHWD PDLVREMHWLYDTXDQWRPDLVGHVOLJDGDIRUGDVFRQWLQJrQFLDVGR PXQGRVRFLDO´/DWRXUS
1RVHXLQtFLRDVRFLRORJLDGDFLrQFLDWUDWDYDPXLWRPDLVGD RUJDQL]DomRGDFLrQFLDGRTXHGHVHXVFRQWH~GRV$VRFLRORJLD FOiVVLFDGDFLrQFLDWHPHP5REHUW0HUWRQXPGHVHXV DXWRUHVPDLVVLJQL¿FDWLYRV$GRWDQGRXPDYLVmRIXQFLRQDOLVWD GDFLrQFLD0HUWRQGLVFXWLDDLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DomRGDVQRUPDV TXHRULHQWDPDSURGXomRGHFRQKHFLPHQWR³FHUWL¿FDGR´LVWRp GDTXHOHTXHYDLVHWRUQDUSDUWHGRFRUSRGDFLrQFLD$VRFLRORJLD PHUWRQLDQDQmRWUDWDGDLQÀXrQFLDVRFLDOQRconteúdo da ciência
PDVQDRUJDQL]DomRGDFLrQFLD
6RPHQWH HP pSRFD PDLV UHFHQWH DQRV p TXH D VRFLRORJLDSDVVRXDVHLQWHUHVVDUSHORFRQWH~GRFLHQWt¿FRGD FLrQFLDSHODFLrQFLDHODPHVPDVHGHVWDFDQGRGDVDQiOLVHV DQWHULRUHV YROWDGDV SULQFLSDOPHQWH SDUD D FLrQFLD HQTXDQWR VLVWHPDVRFLDO
teoria não pode ser atribuído a sua validade ou veracidade in
WUtQVHFD1DUHDOLGDGHXPDWHRULDQmRpEHPVXFHGLGDSRUTXH HODpYHUGDGHLUDPDVHODpYHUGDGHLUDSRUTXHIRLEHPVXFHGLGD $VRFLRORJLDGDFLrQFLDHQWmRVHSURS}HDH[SOLFDUDDFHLWDomR GHXPDWHRULDSHODFRPXQLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDDSDUWLUGHIDWRUHV VRFLDLVRXRXWURVLQGHSHQGHQWHVGDYDOLGDGHGDVWHRULDVSRLV HVVDpDSHQDVXPDFRQVWDWDomRa posteriori'DtRLQWHUHVVHGRV
VRFLyORJRVSHODVFRQWURYpUVLDVFLHQWt¿FDVSRLVHODVSHUPLWHP HVWXGDUGHQWURGRSUySULRGHEDWHRVIDWRUHVTXHGHFLGLUDPHP IDYRUGHXPDWHRULDRXRXWUD
'HQWURGHVVDOLQKDIRLSURSRVWDDLGpLDGHUHGHVFLHQWt¿FDV &DOORQ/DWRXU(VVDQRomRVHUHIHUHDWRGRVRVLQ WHUORFXWRUHVHSDUFHLURVGHXPSHVTXLVDGRUHPVHXODERUDWyULRRX IRUDGHOHTXHGHVHPSHQKDPXPSDSHOQDGH¿QLomRGRFRQWH~GR GDVSHVTXLVDVQDRULHQWDomRGRVSURJUDPDVQDDYDOLDomRGRV UHVXOWDGRV7UDWDVHGHLQWHUPHGLiULRVGHWRGRWLSR±KXPDQRV RXQmRFRODERUDGRUHVSHVVRDODGPLQLVWUDWLYRFOLHQWHVPDV WDPEpPGRFXPHQWRVGHUHIHUrQFLDFUpGLWRVGLVSRQtYHLVSDUDD SHVTXLVDLQVWUXPHQWRVGHPHGLGD±TXHLQWHUPHGHLDPRFRQWDWR GRSHVTXLVDGRUFRPDQDWXUH]DHDVRFLHGDGH$LGHQWL¿FDomR GHVVDVUHGHVGHVHXVFRPSRQHQWHVHLQWHUOLJDo}HVDX[LOLDD FRPSUHHQGHURSURFHVVRGHFULDomRGLIXVmRHjVYH]HVPRUWH GRVIDWRVFLHQWt¿FRV
(QWUHWDQWRHVVDDERUGDJHPGDFLrQFLDSDUHFHQmRGHL[DU QHQKXPHVSDoRSDUDRLQGLYtGXR(PERUDVHMDYHUGDGHTXHHP SULQFtSLRRUHODWLYLVPRQmRVHSDUDRVRFLDOHRFRJQLWLYRRV IDWRUHVH[WHUQRVHLQWHUQRV³VHQWHVHFODUDPHQWHDIRUWHWHQGrQ FLDGRVUHODWLYLVWDVSHODVH[SOLFDo}HVSXUDPHQWHVRFLROyJLFDV H[WHUQDVSRUWDQWR´0DWDORQS
6HULDLQWHUHVVDQWHLQYHVWLJDURTXHXPDDUWLFXODomRGRVR FLROyJLFRHGRSVLFROyJLFRSRGHULDWUD]HUGHQRYLGDGHDRHVWXGR GDSHVTXLVDLVWRpGDFLrQFLDHQTXDQWRSURFHVVRGHSURGXomR GHFRQKHFLPHQWR
$FRQWULEXLomRGDSVLFRORJLDVRFLDO
1RWHPRVLQLFLDOPHQWHTXHRHVWXGRGDFLrQFLDDSDUWLUGD SVLFRORJLDVRFLDOHQFRQWUDVHQRFUX]DPHQWRGHGXDVJUDQGHV WHQGrQFLDVRVHVWXGRVVREUHDUHSUHVHQWDomRVRFLDOGDFLrQFLD SHORS~EOLFRQmRHVSHFLDOLVWDDSRSXODomRHPJHUDOHDVGLV FXVV}HVVRFLROyJLFDVVREUHDFLrQFLD2VHVWXGRVIHLWRVSHORV SHVTXLVDGRUHVGR/6(London School of EconomicsHP/RQ
GUHVFRPRSRUH[HPSOR%DXHUH6FKRRQ%DXHU'XUDQW
H(YDQVH%DXHUH*DVNHOOGD(+(66Ecole
de Hautes Etudes en Sciences SocialesHP3DULVSRUH[HP
SOR(OLVDEHWK/DJHHGD8QLYHUVLGDGHGH6DQWD &DWDULQDHP)ORULDQySROLVSRUH[HPSOR1DVFLPHQWR6FKXO]H )UDJQDQL&DUERQL6FKXFPDQ:DFKHONHVmRH[HPSORV GDSULPHLUDWHQGrQFLD/DWRXU&DOORQH 0DWDORQPHQFLRQDGRVDQWHULRUPHQWHDFRPSDQKDPPDLV GHSHUWRDVHJXQGD
2EVHUYHPRVHPVHJXLGDTXHFRQWUDULDPHQWHDXPDHSLVWH PRORJLDPDLVRUWRGR[DYROWDGDSDUDRVHVWXGRVGDVSURGXo}HV FLHQWt¿FDVWHUPLQDGDVDVRFLRORJLDGDFLrQFLDSURS}HXPDLQ YHVWLJDomRGDSUySULDJrQHVHGDFLrQFLDGHQWURGRVODERUDWyULRV 7UDWDVHPXLWRPDLVGHXPHVWXGRGDSHVTXLVDSURFHVVRFLrQFLD VHID]HQGRGRTXHGDFLrQFLDSURGXWRFLrQFLDIHLWD
2UDHVWHSRQWRGHYLVWDMXVWL¿FDSOHQDPHQWHXPHVWXGRVREUH DVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVVRFLDLVGDSHVTXLVDSHORVSHVTXLVDGRUHVHHP SDUWLFXODUSHORVGRXWRUDQGRVSHVTXLVDGRUHVHPIRUPDomR6mR HVVDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HV±FRPRDSHVTXLVDVHRUJDQL]DSDUDTXHHOD VHUYHDTXHPHODVHUYHTXDORHVSDoRGDpWLFDGHQWURGDFLrQFLD HWF±TXHFLUFXODPQRGLVFXUVRGRVSHVTXLVDGRUHVHTXHIRUPDP WRGDXPDYLVmRVREUHDFLrQFLDHDPDQHLUDGHSUDWLFiOD,VVRp LPSRUWDQWHSULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUDRVGRXWRUDQGRV
eQRTXRWLGLDQRGRVWUDEDOKRVGHSHVTXLVDGHXPODER UDWyULRTXHRVGRXWRUDQGRVYmRWRPDQGRFRQWDWRFRPIDFHWDV GHVFRQKHFLGDVGDDWLYLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDHOHVHQFRQWUDPTXHVW}HV SURSULDPHQWHFLHQWt¿FDVFRPRDGHGLVSXWDVHQWUHGLIHUHQWHV WHRULDVRXDERUGDJHQVTXHVW}HVVHPLFLHQWt¿FDVFRPRDQH FHVVLGDGHSUHPHQWHGHSURGX]LUDUWLJRVHSXEOLFDo}HVTXHVW}HV DGPLQLVWUDWLYDVLQXVLWDGDVFRPRDVGL¿FXOGDGHVGHRUJDQL]DomR GHXPFRQJUHVVRRXGHHGLomRGRVDQDLVTXHVW}HVGHUHODFLR QDPHQWRSHVVRDOFRPRRULHQWDGRURXDHTXLSHGHWUDEDOKR H¿QDOPHQWHTXHVW}HVHFRQ{PLFDVFRPRFRPSUDGHPDWHULDO HHTXLSDPHQWRVFUpGLWRSDUDYLDJHQVRXREWHQomRGHEROVDV (VVDVGLYHUVDVVLWXDo}HVFRPDVTXDLVHOHVWrPFRQWDWRRXGDV TXDLVRXYHPIDODUWHUmRLQÀXrQFLDQDSHUFHSomRTXHHOHVWrP GDSHVTXLVDHSRGHUmRWUDQVIRUPDUHPPDLRURXPHQRUJUDX VXDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVVRFLDLV
(QWUHWDQWRRGRXWRUDQGRGLVS}HGHXPDDXWRQRPLDUHODWLYD QRWUDEDOKRTXHGHVHQYROYHFDEHDHOHID]HUDWHVHHGHIHQGHUR SURGXWRGHVHXWUDEDOKRDR¿QDOGRGRXWRUDGR([LVWHPpFODUR YiULDVQRUPDVLQVWLWXFLRQDLVTXHGH¿QHPDOJXQVDVSHFWRVGHVHX WUDEDOKRWHPSROLPLWDGRSURYDVQRUPDVGHFRQIHFomRGRWH[WR GDWHVHEHPFRPRUHVWULo}HVGHRUGHPPDWHULDOOLYURVEROVD HTXLSDPHQWRV1RHQWDQWRHPXPDODUJDPHGLGDRWUDEDOKR GHWHVHpDLQGDXPDFRQVWUXomRGRGRXWRUDQGR
2UD$EULFSSURS}HTXHHPVLWXDo}HVHPTXHR DWRUGLVS}HGHXPDFHUWDDXWRQRPLDHPUHODomRjVUHVWULo}HVLP SRVWDVSHODVLWXDomRRXSHODVUHODo}HVGHSRGHUDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HV VRFLDLVGHVHPSHQKDPXPSDSHOGHWHUPLQDQWHVREUHDVSUiWLFDV VRFLDLV(VVHSRQWRGHYLVWDpUHWRPDGRQHVWHWUDEDOKRFRP UHODomRjUHSUHVHQWDomRVRFLDOGDSHVTXLVDSHORVGRXWRUDQGRV DSRLDQGRVHQDUHODWLYDDXWRQRPLDGHTXHGLVS}HRGRXWRUDQGR QDFRQVWUXomRGHVHXWUDEDOKRGHSHVTXLVD
&KHJDPRVDVVLPjQRVVDKLSyWHVHSULQFLSDORXVHMDGHTXH DUHSUHVHQWDomRTXHRVSHVTXLVDGRUHVWrPGHVXDDWLYLGDGHQmR pLQÀXHQFLDGDDSHQDVSHODSUySULDFLrQFLDPDVFRQWpPYiULRV HOHPHQWRVH[WUDFLHQWt¿FRVLQFOXLQGRUHSUHVHQWDo}HVGHVHQVR FRPXPSDUWLOKDGDVFRPDSRSXODomRHPJHUDOHSUHH[LVWHQWHV DR WUDEDOKR GH SHVTXLVD H TXH HVVD UHSUHVHQWDomR WHP XPD LQFLGrQFLDVLJQL¿FDWLYDQDPDQHLUDFRPRHOHVH[HUFHPHVVDDWL YLGDGH$OpPGLVVRHHVVHSRQWRpHVVHQFLDOHVVDUHSUHVHQWDomR pVRFLDOPHQWHFRQVWUXtGDHFLUFXODQDFRPXQLFDomR3DUDRVGRX WRUDQGRVTXHFRQVWLWXHPQRVVRJUXSRGHHVWXGRDUHSUHVHQWDomR FRQWULEXLWDPEpPSDUDDHODERUDomRGHXPDLGHQWLGDGHVRFLDOH SUR¿VVLRQDOHVSHFt¿FD
Método
2SUHVHQWHHVWXGRXWLOL]DDHQWUHYLVWDFRPRWpFQLFDSDUD REWHQomRGHGDGRV(VVDVHQWUHYLVWDVIRUDPVXEPHWLGDVDXPD DQiOLVHGHFRQWH~GRLQIRUPDWL]DGDQDTXDOVHXWLOL]RXRVRI
tware de análise ALCESTEGHVHQYROYLGRQD8QLYHUVLGDGHGH
7RXORXVH)UDQoD$DERUGDJHPTXDOLWDWLYDIRLHPSUHJDGDQHVVD HWDSDGHQRVVRWUDEDOKRSDUDFDSWDUDFRPSOH[LGDGHHVVHQFLDO GRVIHQ{PHQRVVRFLDLVGDUDWHQomRPDLRUjEXVFDGRVHQWLGR GDGRSHORVGRXWRUDQGRVDVXDVDo}HVHSDODYUDVHOHYDUHP FRQWDGDGRVOLQJtVWLFRVPDLVULFRVHPSULQFtSLRGRTXHGDGRV SXUDPHQWHQXPpULFRV
A entrevista
&RPRVDOLHQWDP'RLVH&OHPHQFHH/RUHQ]L&LROGL RHVWXGRGDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVVRFLDLVUHSRXVDVREUHRPDWHULDO RIHUHFLGRSHODOLQJXDJHP$VVLPQHVWHWUDEDOKRQyVDGRWDPRV DHQWUHYLVWDFRPRWpFQLFDSULYLOHJLDGDGHFROHWDGHGDGRV(V FROKHPRVDHQWUHYLVWDVHPLGLUHWLYDFRPRIRUPDSULQFLSDOGH VRQGDJHPSRLVHODSHUPLWHXPDRULHQWDomRSDUFLDOGRVWHPDVD VHUHPDERUGDGRVQRGLVFXUVRGRHQWUHYLVWDGR±RTXHIDYRUHFHD YDOLGDGHGDLQIRUPDomRREWLGD±HRIHUHFHDRPHVPRWHPSRD RSRUWXQLGDGHDRHQWUHYLVWDGRGHHVWUXWXUDUVHXSUySULRGLVFXUVR GHPDQHLUDRULJLQDOHVLJQL¿FDWLYDRTXHIDYRUHFHDFRQ¿DELOL GDGHGDLQIRUPDomRUHFROKLGD
(VVHWLSRGHHQWUHYLVWDFRPHoDSHODSURSRVLomRGHXPD TXHVWmRJHUDOQDTXDORWHPDGDSHVTXLVDpDQXQFLDGRPDV
o entrevistador pode orientar a entrevista na direção de certos
VXEWHPDVTXHOKHLQWHUHVVDPFDVRRHQWUHYLVWDGRQmRRVDERUGH HVSRQWDQHDPHQWH 1RVVDV HQWUHYLVWDV FRPHoDYDP SHOD DSUH VHQWDomRGRWHPDJHUDOUHODWLYRjSHVTXLVDHDRWUDEDOKRGHWHVH GHVHQYROYLGRSHORGRXWRUDQGR&RPRVHGHVHQYROYHXPWUDEDOKR GHSHVTXLVDHPJHUDOHVHXWUDEDOKRGHWHVHHPSDUWLFXODU"H HPIXQomRGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVVHWHPDDOJXPDVTXHVW}HV HUDPODQoDGDVSDUDFREULURVHL[RVSULQFLSDLVGHQRVVRHVWXGR DSURGXomRGHFRQKHFLPHQWRVDVUHODo}HVSHVTXLVDVRFLHGDGH DSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOHDSHVTXLVDDSOLFDGDDVTXDOLGDGHVGR SHVTXLVDGRUDSHVTXLVDSDUDDWHVH
Os participantes
$VHQWUHYLVWDVGHGXUDomRDSUR[LPDGDGHXPDKRUDIRUDP UHDOL]DGDV FRP GRXWRUDQGRV GH GLYHUVDV QDFLRQDOLGDGHV EXVFDQGRFREULUWRGRVRVDQRVGDIRUPDomRGRSULPHLURDQR DRSyVGRXWRUDGR7RGRVGHVHQYROYLDPWUDEDOKRVQDiUHDGH FLrQFLDVH[DWDVHQJHQKHLURVRLWRItVLFRVHFLQFRPDWHPiWL FRVHVSHFLDOLVWDVHPFRPSXWDomRHPODERUDWyULRVGDUHJLmRGH 7RXORXVH)UDQoD2VGRXWRUDQGRVIRUDPFRQWDWDGRVGHPDQHLUD LQIRUPDOSRURXWURVHVWXGDQWHVFROHJDVGHIRUPDomRHIRUDP VHOHFLRQDGRVGHPDQHLUDDJDUDQWLUDPDLRUGLYHUVLGDGHSRVVtYHO HPWHUPRVGHDQRGHGRXWRUDGRODERUDWyULRGHRULJHPH[SHUL rQFLDSUR¿VVLRQDOHSHUFXUVRDFDGrPLFR
O tratamento dos dados
3DUDDLQWHUSUHWDomRGDVHQWUHYLVWDVQyVXWLOL]DPRVDDQiOLVH GHFRQWH~GRTXHpXPLQVWUXPHQWRGHDQiOLVHGDVFRPXQLFDo}HV 7UDWDVHGHXPDWpFQLFDTXHSURFXUDH[SORUDUDULTXH]DGRGLV FXUVRGRLQGLYtGXRVHPVHSHUGHUQDVXDFRPSOH[LGDGHHVHPVH OLPLWDUXQLFDPHQWHjLQWXLomRGRSHVTXLVDGRU'HQWUHDVGLYHUVDV
IRUPDVTXHDDQiOLVHGHFRQWH~GRSRGHDVVXPLU%DUGLQ 4XLY\ 9DQ&DPSHQKRXGWQyVDGRWDPRVDDQiOLVHSRU FDWHJRULDVHDDQiOLVHGHRFRUUrQFLDVVLPXOWkQHDV
$DQiOLVHSRUFDWHJRULDVpXPDGDVIRUPDVPDLVDQWLJDVH PDLVXWLOL]DGDVGHDQiOLVHGHFRQWH~GR(ODIXQFLRQDDSDUWLU GHXPDVHJPHQWDomRGRWH[WRHPXQLGDGHVVHJXLGDGHXPD FODVVL¿FDomRGHVVDVXQLGDGHVHPFDWHJRULDVGH¿QLGDVDpriori a
SDUWLUGHXPDDQiOLVHWHyULFDRXLQGX]LGDVSHORSUySULRWH[WR1D SUiWLFDDFODVVL¿FDomRSRUWHPDVUHSUHVHQWDDYDULDQWHPDLVSR SXODUGHVVDWpFQLFD$DQiOLVHGHRFRUUrQFLDVVLPXOWkQHDVSURFXUD HVWXGDUDVSUHVHQoDVRXDVDXVrQFLDVDQRUPDLVGHGRLVRXPDLV HOHPHQWRVHPXPDPHVPDXQLGDGHVLJQL¿FDQWHGRWH[WRLVWRp HPXPIUDJPHQWRGHWH[WRSUHYLDPHQWHGH¿QLGR$IUHTrQFLD GDVRFRUUrQFLDVpLQGLFDWLYDGDDVVRFLDomRRXGLVVRFLDomRGRV HOHPHQWRVQRGLVFXUVRGRHQWUHYLVWDGR
$DGRomRGDDQiOLVHSRUFDWHJRULDVQDIRUPDGHXPDDQiOLVH SRUWHPDVpXPDFRQVHTrQFLDQDWXUDOGDHVWUXWXUDGHQRVVDV HQWUHYLVWDVTXHHVWmRRULHQWDGDVQDGLUHomRGHVXEWHPDVPDLV RXPHQRVHVSHFt¿FRVHGLIHUHQFLDGRV$DQiOLVHGHRFRUUrQFLDV VLPXOWkQHDVpDWpFQLFDXWLOL]DGDSHORSURJUDPD$/&(67(QD DQiOLVHGHGDGRVWH[WXDLV(VVDGXSODHVWUDWpJLDQRVSHUPLWLXR HVWXGRGDVHQWUHYLVWDVHPGRLVQtYHLVXPDDQiOLVHJOREDOTXH WUDWDGRXQLYHUVRGLVFXUVLYRGRVGRXWRUDQGRVHTXHGHOLPLWDRV JUDQGHVWHPDVTXHHOHFRQWpPHXPDDQiOLVHORFDOTXHSHUPLWH HVWXGDUWHPDVHVSHFt¿FRVGRWUDEDOKR
$VVLPDSULPHLUDDQiOLVHGRFRUSXVGDVHQWUHYLVWDVGHX RULJHPDWUrVJUDQGHVFODVVHVGHGLVFXUVRFRPXPWRWDOGH
unidades de contexto elementares RXu.c.e.±YHUGLVFXVVmR
GR SURJUDPD$/&(67( PDLV DGLDQWH XPD SULPHLUD FODVVH VREUHRLPSDFWRFXOWXUDOGHHVWXGDUHPXPRXWURSDtVFHQWUDGD SULQFLSDOPHQWHVREUHDTXHVWmRLGHQWLWiULD±LQGLYLGXDOVRFLDO HSUR¿VVLRQDOFRPSUHHQGHQGRGDVXFHXPDVHJXQGD FODVVHHVSHFt¿FDVREUHDSHVTXLVDHPJHUDOFRUUHVSRQGHQGRD GDVXFHHXPDWHUFHLUDFODVVHVREUHRWUDEDOKRGHWHVHDV UHODo}HVFRPRRULHQWDGRUHDIRUPDomRFLHQWt¿FDGHXPPRGR JHUDOFRUUHVSRQGHQGRDGDVXFH
eDDQiOLVHORFDOGRVXEWHPDpesquisaREMHWRGDFODVVH
,,TXHQyVSURSRPRVQHVVHWUDEDOKR'HVVDIRUPDRVWUHFKRV GDV HQWUHYLVWDV RULJLQDLV TXH FRUUHVSRQGLDP DR WHPD GHVVD FODVVHIRUDPUHDJUXSDGRVHVXEPHWLGRVDXPDQRYDDQiOLVHSHOR SURJUDPD$/&(67(JHUDQGRXPUH¿QDPHQWRGDVFODVVHVGH GLVFXUVR$GLVFXVVmRGRVUHVXOWDGRVGHVVDVHJXQGDDQiOLVHp DSUHVHQWDGDPDLVDGLDQWH
2SURJUDPD$/&(67(
2SURJUDPD$/&(67($QDO\VH/H[LFDOHSDU&RQWH[WG¶XQ (QVHPEOHGH6HJPHQWVGH7([WHGHVHQYROYLGRQD8QLYHUVLGDGH GH7RXORXVH,,)UDQoDSRU0D[5HLQHUWUHDOL]DXPD FODVVL¿FDomRGRWH[WRHVWXGDGRHPIXQomRGDVRFRUUrQFLDVVL PXOWkQHDVGRVHXYRFDEXOiULR$LGpLDpDSDUWLUGDGLVWULEXLomR GRYRFDEXOiULRGRWH[WRFRQVWUXLUmundos lexicaisTXHVmR
enunciado(OHFRUUHVSRQGHULDDXPDSURSRVLomRVREUHRPXQGR
GRSRQWRGHYLVWDGRVXMHLWRTXHDHQXQFLD$RSHUDFLRQDOL]DomR GHVVHFRQFHLWRTXHpFRPRDGPLWHRSUySULR5HLQHUWGHGLItFLO DSUHHQVmRpIHLWDSRUPHLRGDVFKDPDGDVXQLGDGHVGHFRQWH[WR HOHPHQWDUHVXFH
3DUDGH¿QLUHVVDVXQLGDGHVRSURJUDPDXWLOL]DFHUWDVHVWUDWp JLDVEDVHDGDVHPUHVWULo}HVJHUDLVjVTXDLVHODVGHYHPREHGHFHU 'XDVUHVWULo}HVVmRH[SORUDGDVDSRQWXDomRHRWDPDQKRGD XQLGDGH6HPSUHTXHSRVVtYHOXPDXFHGHYHFRUUHVSRQGHUD XP¿QDOGHIUDVHHVHXFRPSULPHQWRQmRGHYHXOWUDSDVVDUGXDV RXWUrVOLQKDV(VVDGLYLVmRpQHFHVVDULDPHQWHDUELWUiULDPDV HODSRGHVHUYDULDGDGHPRGRDVHYHUL¿FDUDHVWDELOLGDGHGRV UHVXOWDGRVREWLGRV(QWHQGHVHDTXLHVWDELOLGDGHFRPRLQGHSHQ GrQFLDGRVUHVXOWDGRVHPUHODomRjVYDULDo}HVLQWURGX]LGDVQD GLYLVmRGRWH[WR
1DFRQVWUXomRGDVXFHVmRHOLPLQDGDVSUHSRVLo}HVFRQ MXQo}HVDUWLJRVDVFKDPDGDVSDODYUDVLQVWUXPHQWRHGHVLQrQ FLDVGHFRQMXJDo}HVJXDUGDQGRVHDSHQDVRVOH[HPDVLVWRpDV XQLGDGHVPtQLPDVFRPXPVLJQL¿FDGRDXW{QRPRGDVpalavras cheiasYHUERVHQRPHVHVVHQFLDOPHQWH
8PDDQiOLVHIHLWDFRP$/&(67(FRPSRUWDHVTXHPDWLFD PHQWHFLQFRHWDSDV5HLQHUWS
'H¿QLomRGDVXQLGDGHVGHFRQWH[WRHOHPHQWDUHV(VVD HWDSDFRUUHVSRQGHjGLYLVmRGRWH[WRPHQFLRQDGDDQWHULRUPHQ WH1HVVDHWDSDWDPEpPRSURJUDPDHIHWXDFHUWDVRSHUDo}HV VLPSOHVFRPRDVXSUHVVmRGHDFHQWRVHPDL~VFXODVHRUHFR QKHFLPHQWRGDVORFXo}HVPDLVXVXDLV$VXQLGDGHVPtQLPDVTXH FRPS}HPHVVDGLYLVmRVmRFKDPDGDVGHXQLGDGHVGHFRQWH[WR HOHPHQWDUHVXFH
%XVFDGDVIRUPDVUHGX]LGDV8PDPHVPDSDODYUDSRGH DSUHVHQWDUVHVREGLYHUVDVIRUPDVHPIXQomRGDVPDUFDVGHSOX UDOFRQMXJDomRHWF2SURJUDPDRSHUDQHVVDHWDSDXPDUHGXomR GHVVDVIRUPDVP~OWLSODVDXPDIRUPDGHEDVHTXHVHUiXWLOL]DGD QDVHTrQFLDGDDQiOLVH$VIRUPDVUHGX]LGDVUHSUHVHQWDPD RSHUDFLRQDOL]DomRGRVOH[HPDV(ODVFRQVWLWXHPDVXQLGDGHVGH UHJLVWUR2FRQWH[WRGDXQLGDGHGHUHJLVWURpDXFH
'H¿QLomRGDVWDEHODVGHGDGRV1HVVDHWDSDVmRFULDGDV WDEHODVGLVMXQWLYDVFRPSOHWDVWDEHODVOyJLFDVFRGL¿FDGDVFRP ³´RX³´TXHFUX]DPQDVOLQKDVDVXFHHQDVFROXQDVDV IRUPDVUHGX]LGDV(VVDVWDEHODVVmRHPVHJXLGDXVDGDVQDDQiOLVH GHRFRUUrQFLDVVLPXOWkQHDV
Busca das classes$SDUWLUGDWDEHODOyJLFDMiGH¿QLGD
RSURJUDPDHIHWXDXPD&ODVVL¿FDomR+LHUiUTXLFD'HVFHQGHQWH GDVXQLGDGHVDQDOLVDGDV&RPRUHVXOWDGRGHVVDRSHUDomRDSDUH FHPDVFODVVHVGHGLVFXUVRRXPXQGRVOH[LFDLV2GHQGRJUDPD GDFODVVL¿FDomRSHUPLWHYLVXDOL]DUDRUJDQL]DomRGDVIRUPDV UHGX]LGDVQDFODVVH
Arquivos de auxílio à interpretação7HUPLQDGDDDQiOL
VHRSURJUDPDFULDGLYHUVRVDUTXLYRVGHDX[tOLRjLQWHUSUHWDomR GRVUHVXOWDGRVREWLGRV(QWUHHOHVRDUTXLYRGHGHVFULomRGR SHU¿OGDVFODVVHVOLVWDGDVSDODYUDVFRQWLGDVQDFODVVHRDUTXLYR GDVXFHGDVFODVVHVOLVWDGDVXFHGHFDGDFODVVHRTXHSHUPLWH SRVLFLRQDUDVSDODYUDVQRFRQWH[WRRULJLQDOHWDPEpPRDUTXLYR GRDQWLSHU¿OGDVFODVVHVOLVWDGDVSDODYUDVSRXFROLJDGDVD XPDFODVVH1DVYHUV}HVPDLVUHFHQWHVGRSURJUDPDRDUTXLYR GRDQWLSHU¿OIRLVXEVWLWXtGRSHODOLVWDGDVSDODYUDVDXVHQWHV DEVHQFHVVLJQL¿FDWLYHVDVVRFLDGDVDXPDFODVVH)LQDOPHQWH
XPD$QiOLVH)DWRULDOGH&RUUHVSRQGrQFLDVSHUPLWHYLVXDOL]DUDV UHODo}HVHQWUHDVFODVVHV
Resultados e Discussão
$FODVVHUHIHUHQWHDRVXEWHPDpesquisapFRPSRVWDGH
GRWRWDOGDVXFHXQLGDGHVREWLGDVQRGLVFXUVRGRVGRX WRUDQGRV2VUHVXOWDGRVGDVDQiOLVHVUHDOL]DGDVQHVVDFODVVHQRV PRVWUDUDPTXHRVDVSHFWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVGRGLVFXUVRGRVGRXWR UDQGRVHVWmROLJDGRVjVUHODo}HVHQWUHDSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOH DSHVTXLVDDSOLFDGDHjPDQHLUDFRPRVHGiQHVVDVGXDVIRUPDV GHSHVTXLVDDSURGXomRHXWLOL]DomRGRVFRQKHFLPHQWRV
$DQiOLVHIHLWDVREUHRVGLVFXUVRVUHODWLYRVDRVXEWHPD SHVTXLVDUHYHODDH[LVWrQFLDGHWUrVHL[RVWHPiWLFRVWUrVFODVVHV GHGLVFXUVRDVUHODo}HVHQWUHSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOHSHV TXLVDDSOLFDGDDSURGXomRHDXWLOL]DomRGRFRQKHFLPHQWR HDDWLYLGDGHGRSHVTXLVDGRU1RLQWHULRUGDSULPHLUDFODVVH DSDUHFHDWHQVmRHQWUHDVGXDVPRGDOLGDGHVGDSHVTXLVDPDV HODVVmRVHPSUHGLVFXWLGDVHPFRQMXQWRSHORVGRXWRUDQGRV$ VHJXQGDFODVVHSURGXomRHXVRGRFRQKHFLPHQWRUHODFLRQDVH FRPDXWLOLGDGHGRFRQKHFLPHQWRSURGX]LGRHFRPDVUHVWULo}HV LPSRVWDVDRFRQWH~GRGDSHVTXLVDSRUDJHQWHVH[WUDFLHQWt¿FRV $WHUFHLUDFODVVHTXHQmRVHUiDSURIXQGDGDQHVWHWH[WRUHIHUH VHjVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGDDWLYLGDGHGRSHVTXLVDGRUHDXPDYLVmR LGHDOL]DGDGHVXDVTXDOLGDGHV
$R ORQJR GDV DQiOLVHV VHUmR DSUHVHQWDGRV WUHFKRV GR GLVFXUVRGRVGRXWRUDQGRVTXHLOXVWUDPRVSRQWRVGHVWDFDGRV 2SWRXVHSRUDSUHVHQWDURGLVFXUVRRULJLQDOHQmRDVXFH¶V FRUUHVSRQGHQWHVSDUDPDLRUÀXLGH]GRWH[WR$VXQLGDGHVGH FRQWH[WRIRUDPH[SDQGLGDVEXVFDQGRVHQRGLVFXUVRRULJLQDOR FRQWH[WRRQGHVHHQFRQWUDYDP
&ODVVHSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOHSHVTXLVDDSOLFDGD
(PJHUDODVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVGDSHVTXLVDVmROLJDGDVDMXO JDPHQWRVGHYDORUFRPR~WLOLQ~WLODVVRFLDGDVDPHFDQLVPRV GHFRPSHQVDomR$VVLPXPDSHVTXLVDFRQVLGHUDGD inútilVL
WXDomRQRUPDOPHQWHDVVRFLDGDjSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOpYLVWD FRPRPDLVQREUHFRPR³YHUGDGHLUDSHVTXLVDGHVLQWHUHVVDGD´ XPDSHVTXLVDFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRPDLV³~WLO´HPJHUDORFDVR GDSHVTXLVDDSOLFDGDVHUiYLVWDFRPRPHQRVDXW{QRPDPDLV GLULJLGDSRULQWHUHVVHV³H[WUDFLHQWt¿FRV´(VVDRSRVLomRDSUH VHQWDGDGHPDQHLUDPXLWRHVTXHPiWLFDpPXLWRPDLVFRPSOH[D HVXWLO1DUHDOLGDGHYiULDVSHVTXLVDVVmRDSUHVHQWDGDVVLPXO WDQHDPHQWHFRPRIXQGDPHQWDLVHDSOLFDGDVQDIURQWHLUDHQWUH DVGXDViUHDV
$RSRVLomRHQWUHHVVHVGRLVWLSRVGHSHVTXLVDQmRpH[SOL FLWDPHQWH HQGRVVDGD SHORV GRXWRUDQGRV (OHV DFUHGLWDP TXH XPDGHSHQGHGDRXWUD³VHPDSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOQHQKXPD SHVTXLVDWHPVHQWLGR´(QWUHYLVWDGRHPHVPRRVGRXWRUDQ GRVTXHGL]HPQmRWHULQWHUHVVHHPID]HUSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDO FRQVLGHUDPTXHpQHFHVViULRDSRLiOD$VHSDUDomRTXDQGRHODp PHQFLRQDGDGHYHVHjDERUGDJHPFLHQWt¿FDHjVSDUWLFXODULGD GHVGHXPDiUHDHVSHFt¿FD2XHQWmRHVVDVHSDUDomRpH[WHULRU jSHVTXLVD
VHSDUDomR VLJQL¿FD VLPSOHVPHQWH TXH DV SUHRFXSDo}HV QDV GXDVPRGDOLGDGHVQmRVmRDVPHVPDV3RURXWURODGRHOHVVmR PXLWRFRQVFLHQWHVGHTXHH[LVWHXPDWHQGrQFLD±H[WHULRUDR PHLRFLHQWt¿FRLVWRpQRVSROtWLFRVQRVLQGXVWULDLVQRS~EOLFR HPJHUDO±DYDORUL]DURVUHVXOWDGRVPDLVLPHGLDWRVXPUHWRUQR DPDLVFXUWRSUD]RGRLQYHVWLPHQWRIHLWR(VVDWHQGrQFLDDIHWD SULQFLSDOPHQWHDSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOHPTXHRVUHVXOWDGRV VmRPHQRVYLVtYHLVHGHPDLVORQJRSHUtRGRGHPDWXUDomR(VVH UDFLRFtQLRH[SOLFDDGHIHVDTXHHOHVID]HPGDSHVTXLVDIXQGD PHQWDOHOHVDFRQVLGHUDPPHQRVDSWDDUHVSRQGHUDDUJXPHQWRV GHRUGHPHFRQ{PLFDRXXWLOLWiULD
eQHFHVViULRFRQYHQFHURVSROtWLFRVFRQYHQFHURVRUJDQLVPRV GHIRPHQWRHWFFRPXPGLVFXUVREHPIHLWR>«@8PSHVTXL VDGRUGHYHEXVFDURGLQKHLURSDUDVREUHYLYHU,VVRQmRID]SDUWH GDVIXQo}HVQREUHVPDVID]SDUWHGDVFRLVDVTXHHOHWHPTXH ID]HU(QWUHYLVWDGR
(VVDDWLWXGHpMXVWL¿FDGDSHORVWUDEDOKRVTXHDYDOLDPD DWLWXGHHRLQWHUHVVHGRS~EOLFRHPJHUDOHPUHODomRjFLrQFLD XPDSHVTXLVDLPHGLDWDPHQWHXWLOL]iYHOVHPSUHREWpPDSRLR HQTXDQWRTXHDSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDObasic researchSHUGH
RFUpGLWRMXQWRDRS~EOLFR%DXHUHWDOHVVHHVWXGRGL] UHVSHLWRjSRSXODomRLQJOHVD'HVVDPDQHLUDRVGRXWRUDQGRV EXVFDPDUJXPHQWRVSDUDGHIHQGrOD
6HQyVEORTXHDUPRVDSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOGL]HQGRDJHQWH FRORFDWRGRVRVPHLRVGLVSRQtYHLVQDLQG~VWULDRXQDSHVTXLVDD FXUWRSUD]RLVWRTXHUGL]HUTXHDORQJRSUD]RQyVQmRWHUHPRV DPDGXUHFLGRQmRKDYHUiPDLVHYROXomRSRVVtYHOFRQKHFLPHQ WRVYHUGDGHLURV(QWUHYLVWDGR
(VVH WLSR GH GHIHVD QmR SDUHFH FRQVWLWXLU XP HOHPHQWR QHFHVViULRjSHVTXLVDDSOLFDGD
2GRXWRUDQGRVHYRFDPHVVDVGXDVFDWHJRULDVGHSHVTXLVD FRPDVUHGXo}HVMiPHQFLRQDGDV(OHVHVWDEHOHFHPUHODo}HVGH FRPSOHPHQWDULGDGHHQWUHDSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOHDDSOLFDGDH UHFRQKHFHPTXHHPDOJXQVDPELHQWHVH[WUDFLHQWt¿FRVDSDUH FHPRSRVLo}HVHQWUHDPEDV&XULRVDPHQWHHOHVQmRHVWDEHOHFHP OLJDo}HVHQWUHHVVHWHPDHRSUySULRWUDEDOKRGHWHVHTXHHOHV GHVHQYROYHP(OHVIDODPGDSHVTXLVDHPWHUPRVJHUDLVHGmR H[HPSORVDIDVWDGRVGRSUySULRWUDEDOKR7XGRVHSDVVDFRPRVH KRXYHVVHXPDVHSDUDomRHQWUHDWHVHHDSHVTXLVD
A pesquisa aplicada
$SHVTXLVDDSOLFDGDpUHSUHVHQWDGDFRPROLJDGDjLQG~VWULD jVUHVWULo}HVHFRQ{PLFDVHjIDOWDGHOLEHUGDGH(ODpIHLWDSDUD UHVROYHUSUREOHPDVHPRGL¿FDUDQDWXUH]D)LQDQFLDGDSHORV LQGXVWULDLVHODHVWiOLJDGDjWHFQRORJLDHjVQHFHVVLGDGHVGH XPDiUHDHVSHFt¿FD(VVDUHJXODomRGDSHVTXLVDSRULQVWkQFLDV HFRQ{PLFDVDFDEDJHUDQGRXPDFRQIXVmRHQWUHDSHVTXLVDH VHXVSURGXWRV³HXSUH¿URDSHVTXLVDGHUHVXOWDGRV´(QWUHYLV WDGRHQWHQGHQGRVHDtXPUHVXOWDGRSURGXWRLPHGLDWDPHQWH XWLOL]iYHO([LVWHQHVVHFDVRXPDIRUWHREMHWLYDomRGHXPREMHWR GHUHSUHVHQWDomRVHpUHODWLYRjSUiWLFDpSHVTXLVDDSOLFDGDVH pSHVTXLVDDSOLFDGDpWHFQRORJLDVHpWHFQRORJLDpSUySULRj LQG~VWULD
2HVTXHPDDSUHVHQWDGRQR)LJXUDVLQWHWL]DHVVDVLGpLDV
A pesquisa fundamental
$SHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOHYRFDQRVGRXWRUDQGRVPXLWRPDLV FRQWH~GRV UHSUHVHQWDFLRQDLV ([LVWH LQLFLDOPHQWH R DVSHFWR PtWLFROLJDGRDRVJUDQGHVSyORVGHDWUDomRGDFLrQFLDDVJUDQ GHVGHVFREHUWDVDVIyUPXODVDVWHRULDVHDDVVRFLDomRFRPDV iUHDVDSRQWDGDVFRPRPRGHORGHFLrQFLDDItVLFDHDPDWHPi WLFD1RWDVHHPVHJXLGDXPDJUDQGHDWHQomRFRPUHVSHLWRjV DTXLVLo}HVFLHQWt¿FDVSDVVDGDVVXJHULQGRXPDYLVmRGDFLrQFLD FRPRSURGXWRDFDEDGR(YRFDVHDSHVTXLVDPDVIDODVHGD FLrQFLDFRQIRUPHDMiPHQFLRQDGDGLVWLQomRGH%/DWRXUHQWUH FLrQFLDHSHVTXLVD
6HPSUHDVVRFLDGDjVJUDQGHVGHVFREHUWDVHODJXDUGDHVVH ODGRLQFHUWRHHVSHWDFXODUFRPRLQGLFDGRQDVIDODVGRVGRXWR UDQGRV
$SHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDPLPpFRPRXPMRJRGHS{TXHU XPFDUDTXHpVXSHUWHyULFRHGHUHSHQWHVHDFRLVDIXQFLRQD LVVRSRGHWHUUHSHUFXVV}HVHQRUPHV(QWUHYLVWDGR
4XDQGRDJHQWHID]SHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOXPGLDVHHVWiGLDQWH GDIROKDHGHUHSHQWH(QWUHYLVWDGR
$SHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOpYLVWDFRPRGHVOLJDGDGDUHDOLGDGH HQWHQGLGDFRPRUHDOLGDGHDSDUHQWHTXRWLGLDQDVHPDSUHVHQ WDUXPUHWRUQRLPHGLDWRSDUDDVRFLHGDGH6HXREMHWLYRpPDLV QREUHID]HUDYDQoDUDFLrQFLDHDFRPSUHHQVmRGRPXQGR(OD pWLSLFDPHQWHGHVLQWHUHVVDGDQRVHQWLGRGHQmRHVWDUOLJDGDDR GLQKHLURHPERUDQHFHVVLWHGHJUDQGHV¿QDQFLDPHQWRVSDUDVH GHVHQYROYHU
(VVD QHXWUDOLGDGH LPSOLFDGD SHOR ³GHVLQWHUHVVH´ QmR VH HVWHQGHDRSODQRpWLFR³HXQmRDFHLWRFLrQFLDVHPpWLFD´(QWUH YLVWDGR1yVSRGHPRVYHUMXOJDPHQWRVGHYDORUDSDUHFHUHP VREDIRUPDGHXPD³ERD´HGHXPD³Pi´FLrQFLD2H[HPSOR WtSLFRGDERDSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOpDSHVTXLVDPpGLFD³PHVPR GHVOLJDGDGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOID]DQRVTXHRVFLHQWLVWDVID]HP SHVTXLVDVVREUH$,'6HOHVUHFHEHUDPPXLWRGLQKHLURHDJRUDHOHV DSUHVHQWDPUHVXOWDGRVUHDOPHQWHDQLPDGRUHVDJRUDUHDOPHQWHD
palavraútilJDQKDVHQWLGR´(QWUHYLVWDGR
2SURWyWLSRGDPiSHVTXLVDpDERPEDDW{PLFDHSRUH[WHQ INDÚSTRIA
falta de liberdade
restrição econômica
necessidades específicas financiada pela indústria
existe para modificar o mundo
tecnologia
útil
resolver problemas finalidade a curto prazo
pesquisa de resultados OBJETIVO
PESQUISA APLICADA
VmRDVSHVTXLVDVHPSURMHWRVPLOLWDUHV³>QmRSRVVR@WUDEDOKDU GLUHWDPHQWHQXPSURMHWRPyUELGRSRUH[HPSORXPSURMHWR PLOLWDU´(QWUHYLVWDGR
(VVDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVGDSHVTXLVDFRLQFLGHPFRPDTXHODV UHFROKLGDVSRU(/DJHMXQWRDHVWXGDQWHVGR/\FpHQD )UDQoDHTXLYDOHQWHDRHQVLQRPpGLR³WUDWDVHGHXPGLVFXUVR KXPDQLWiULRHLQGLYLGXDOLVWDFRORFDQGRDPHGLFLQDFRPRGH¿QL omRGHSURJUHVVRFLHQWt¿FRHFRQGHQDQGRRSURJUHVVRGHVWUXLGRU VLPEROL]DGRSHODHQHUJLDDW{PLFDHSHODSHVTXLVDPLOLWDU´/DJH S
(VVDpHVVHQFLDOPHQWHDPHVPDFRQFOXVmRDTXHFKHJDP %DXHUHFRODERUDGRUHVHVWXGDQGRDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVGD FLrQFLDQDSRSXODomRHXURSpLDHPJHUDO(VVDFRUUHVSRQGrQFLD PRVWUD PDLV XPD YH] TXH RV GRXWRUDQGRV SDUWLOKDP UHSUH VHQWDo}HVVRFLDLVGHRXWURVJUXSRVQmRGLUHWDPHQWHOLJDGRVj SHVTXLVD
3RGHPRV WDPEpP REVHUYDU DQFRUDJHQV SVLFROyJLFDV QD FRQVWUXomRGHVVDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVGDSHVTXLVD'HIDWRYDORUHV HFUHQoDVPXLWRJHUDLVFRPRDLGpLDGHEHPHGHPDOGDUHV SRQVDELOLGDGHGRKRPHPSRUVHXVDWRVIRUPDPXPDEDVHGH FRQFHLWRVIDPLOLDUHVTXHGmRVHQWLGRDRREMHWRGHUHSUHVHQWDomR QRFDVRDSHVTXLVD
2HVTXHPDDSUHVHQWDGRQD)LJXUDVLQWHWL]DRVFRQWH~GRV HYRFDGRVSHORVGRXWRUDQGRVTXHVHOLJDPjSHVTXLVDIXQGD PHQWDO 1yV SRGHPRV QRWDU XP FRQMXQWR GH FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV DXVrQFLDGHDSOLFDomRSXUDPHQWHLQWHOHFWXDOTXHGH¿QHPD SHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOHTXHHVWmRSUHVHQWHVHPRXWURVJUXSRV GHQWURGDVRFLHGDGH3RGHPRVYHUWDPEpPDOJXQVSRQWRVSDU
³(XYHMRYDQWDJHQVSDUDDVRFLHGDGHVRPHQWHVHDSURGXomRGH FRQKHFLPHQWRHVWLYHUGLULJLGDSDUDDVQHFHVVLGDGHVGDVRFLHGDGH >@$FLrQFLDGHYHVHPSUHVHUYLUjPHOKRULDGDVFRQGLo}HVGH YLGD´(QWUHYLVWDGR
(QWUHWDQWRRVSUREOHPDVGH¿QDQFLDPHQWRHDVUHVWULo}HV HFRQ{PLFDVTXHRVHWRUSURGXWLYRHPSUHViULRVFOLHQWHVSRGHP LPSRUjSHVTXLVDHVWmREHPSUHVHQWHVQRHVStULWRGRVGRXWRUDQ GRV³DSHVTXLVDQmRVHUYHSDUDQDGDpSUHFLVRSURGX]LUSURGX]LU SURGX]LUSDUDJDQKDUFDGDYH]PDLVGLQKHLUR´(QWUHYLVWDGR $SHVTXLVDDTXLHVVDTXH³QmRVHUYHSDUDQDGD´FRUUHVSRQGH DXPDSHVTXLVDQmRDSOLFDGD³3URGX]LUSDUDJDQKDUFDGDYH] PDLVGLQKHLUR´DSRQWDQDGLUHomRGDVDSOLFDo}HVLPHGLDWDVGD SHVTXLVDQDSURGXomR
2IDWRUHFRQ{PLFRLPS}HWDPEpPXPDRXWUDRULHQWDomR jHVFROKDGRVWHPDVGHSHVTXLVD³6HYRFrTXHUWUDEDOKDUQXP DVVXQWRTXHWHLQWHUHVVDHQWmRWUDEDOKHQR0DF'RQDOG¶VSDUD ¿QDQFLDUDWXDSHVTXLVDSRUTXHSDUDPLPLVVRQmRPHLQWHUHVVD´ (QWUHYLVWDGR
(VVDVREVHUYDo}HVDSRQWDPSDUDRVFRPSURPLVVRVHFR Q{PLFRVHRXWURVTXHFRQWULEXHPSDUDGDUIRUPDjSHVTXLVD $H[LVWrQFLDGHVVHVFRPSURPLVVRVHVWiSUHVHQWHQRVGLVFXUVRV DQDOLVDGRV6mRPHQFLRQDGDVWDPEpPDVUHGHVFLHQWt¿FDVQR VHQWLGRLQGLFDGRDQWHULRUPHQWH&DOORQ/DWRXU FRQVWUXtGDVSHORVODERUDWyULRVGHSHVTXLVD
2V SHVTXLVDGRUHV DTXL HVWDEHOHFHUDP R FDPLQKR SDUD WHU DFHVVRDRVFRQJUHVVRSXEOLFDURVWUDEDOKRVQDVERDVUHYLVWDV >@3RUH[HPSORFRQKHFHUDVSHVVRDVGRFRPLWrHGLWRULDOGR FRPLWrGHRUJDQL]DomRGRFRQJUHVVRDVVLPTXDQGRVHHQYLD XPDUWLJRHOHpDFHLWRRUHYLVRUGL]HXFRQKHoRHVVDSHVVRD (QWUHYLVWDGR
+iWDPEpPDVRXWUDVUHGHVTXHDSRQWDPSDUDRV³QmRFLHQ WLVWDV´HPSUHViULRVRXRXWURVFOLHQWHVGHXPPRGRJHUDOTXH LQWHUYrPHVHUYHPGHLQWHUORFXWRUHVQRSURFHVVRGHFRQVWLWXLomR GRFRQWH~GRGDSHVTXLVD3HUFHEHVHDH[LVWrQFLDGHVVDVRXWUDV UHGHVPDVHODVVmRLQWHUSUHWDGDVFRPRXPDGLVWRUomRGRVLVWHPD FLHQWt¿FRHQmRFRPRXPDGHVXDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
8PDJUDQGHSDUWHGDSHVTXLVDDWXDOp¿QDQFLDGDSHODVHPSUHVDV TXHWrPLQWHUHVVHVSUySULRVTXHQmRUHSUHVHQWDPRVGDVRFLH GDGH(ODVHVWmRLQWHUHVVDGDVHPFULDUQRYDVQHFHVVLGDGHVHP GHVHQYROYHUPRQRSyOLRVGHSURGXomRHPHQULTXHFLPHQWR(X WHQKRG~YLGDVVHpHVWHFRQKHFLPHQWRTXHDVRFLHGDGHTXHUKRMH HPGLD(QWUHYLVWDGR
&ODVVH$WLYLGDGHGRSHVTXLVDGRU
$WHUFHLUDFODVVHpEDVWDQWHKHWHURJrQHDQRTXHGL]UHVSHLWR DRVWHPDVDERUGDGRVHQmRVHUiGLVFXWLGDDTXL(ODLQGLFDSULQ FLSDOPHQWHDVTXDOLGDGHVGRSURIHVVRURULHQWDGRUSHVTXLVDGRU VDOLHQWDQGRFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVLQGLYLGXDLVOLJDGDVDRWUDEDOKRGH HQVLQRHSHVTXLVD
$VVLPDUHSUHVHQWDomRVRFLDOTXHRVGRXWRUDQGRVWrPGD SHVTXLVDLQFRUSRUDXPPRGHORGHSHVTXLVDGH¿QLGDFRPRSUR FHVVRGHSURGXomRGHFRQKHFLPHQWRVFLHQWt¿FRVTXHpHVWUXWXUD GRSHODRSRVLomRHQWUHRQ~FOHRGDSHVTXLVDHVHXFRQWH[WR$V H[WHQV}HVUHSUHVHQWDGDVSHODVUHGHVFLHQWt¿FDVVmRFRQVLGHUDGDV FRPRLQWHUIHUrQFLDVRXGLVWRUo}HVGRVLVWHPDSUHVV}HVHFRQ{ muito
dinheiro
as grandes descobertas fórmulas teorias
matemática sem retorno imediato
compreensão do mundo
fazer avançar a ciência
ausência de aplicação
desligada da sociedade
puramente intelectual
resultados para a pesquisa aplicada
construir “tijolos”
liberdade um pouco para
si mesmo
base da pesquisa
RESTRIÇÃO OBJETIVO
VALOR PODER DE
DECISÃO
PESQUISA FUNDAMENTAL
WLFXODUHVSUySULRVDRJUXSRGRVGRXWRUDQGRVTXHHVSHFL¿FDP DUHSUHVHQWDomR
&ODVVH3URGXomRHXVRGRFRQKHFLPHQWR
'LVFXWLQGRRVFRQKHFLPHQWRVSURGX]LGRVRVGRXWRUDQGRV SRVLFLRQDPVHLPHGLDWDPHQWHGRODGRGHVXDXWLOLGDGHVRFLDO
PLFDVHSROtWLFDV$VUHODo}HVFRPDVRFLHGDGHVmRYLVWDVFRPR PXLWRLPSRUWDQWHVPDVVmROLJDGDVLPHGLDWDPHQWHDTXHVW}HV pWLFDVHjUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHGRSHVTXLVDGRU'HVVDIRUPDHVVDV TXHVW}HVVmRPDQWLGDVQRQtYHOGRSHVTXLVDGRUSUHVHUYDQGRVH DLQWHJULGDGHGRQ~FOHR
Considerações Finais
A análise dos resultados obtidos revela a ação dos dois
SURFHVVRVGHEDVHUHVSRQViYHLVSHODJrQHVHGHXPDUHSUHVHQWD omRVRFLDODREMHWLYDomRHDDQFRUDJHP$VVLPSOL¿FDo}HVDV UHGXo}HVHDVWUDQVIRUPDo}HVDOJXPDVLQJrQXDVRXWUDVPXLWR PDLVHODERUDGDVUHDOL]DGDVQDDSURSULDomRGDSHVTXLVDHQTXDQWR REMHWRGHUHSUHVHQWDomRVRFLDOFDUDFWHUL]DPRSURFHVVRGHREMHWL YDomR$UHVWULomRGDSHVTXLVDDSOLFDGDDREMHWLYRVLQGXVWULDLVRX DLGHDOL]DomRGDSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDOFRPREXVFDGRVJUDQGHV PLVWpULRVGRXQLYHUVRVmRH[HPSORVGHVVHSURFHVVR3RGHPRVQR WDUTXHDUHGXomRIHLWDQHVVHFDVRWHQGHDRSRUDSHVTXLVDDSOLFDGD jSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDO2VGRXWRUDQGRVFRPRYLPRVUHFXVDP HVVDRSRVLomRPDVLQVLVWHPQDGHIHVDGDSHVTXLVDIXQGDPHQWDO RTXHPRVWUDTXHHOHVHVWmREHPFRQVFLHQWHVGDGLVWkQFLDHQWUH HVVHVGRLVWLSRVGHDWLYLGDGHFLHQWt¿FDHGRIDWRTXHDSHVTXLVD IXQGDPHQWDOpPDLVVXMHLWDjFUtWLFDVRFLDO
$LQWHJUDomRGDSHVTXLVDDFDWHJRULDVHVWDEHOHFLGDVHR UHFXUVRDRXVRGHHVWHUHyWLSRVLQGLFDPDDQFRUDJHPGDLGpLDGH SHVTXLVDHPUHDOLGDGHVSUHH[LVWHQWHVQDUHGHGHUHSUHVHQWDo}HV TXHRLQGLYtGXRMiFRQVWUXLX$VFRQVLGHUDo}HVpWLFDVVREUHRV SURGXWRVGDSHVTXLVDFRPRD³ERD´HD³Pi´FLrQFLDpXP H[HPSORGHVVHSURFHVVRGHDQFRUDJHP
$SHVTXLVDOHYDHIHWLYDPHQWHjGHVFREHUWDGHFRLVDVQRYDV HSURGX]FRQKHFLPHQWR0DVHVWHIDWRpLPHGLDWDPHQWHDQDOLVDGR SHORVGRXWRUDQGRVHPWHUPRVpWLFRVHPWHUPRVGDXWLOLGDGH GHVVDVGHVFREHUWDVSDUDDVRFLHGDGHRTXHPRELOL]DRVLVWHPD GHYDORUHVGRLQGLYtGXR(VVDFDWHJRUL]DomRIHLWDDSDUWLUGH FRQVLGHUDo}HVpWLFDVDPHGLFLQDFRPRERDFLrQFLDDERPED DW{PLFDFRPRPiFLrQFLDHVWiEDVHDGDHPUHSUHVHQWDo}HVMi H[LVWHQWHVHTXHFLUFXODPQDVRFLHGDGHFRPRPRVWUDPDVSHV TXLVDVGH(/DJHVREUHDUHSUHVHQWDomRGRVHVWXGDQWHV GHQtYHOPpGLR
$UHSUHVHQWDomRVRFLDOGRVGRXWRUDQGRFRPUHODomRjSHV TXLVDDSUHVHQWDFHUWDVHVSHFL¿FLGDGHVSURGX]LGDVQRSUySULR H[HUFtFLRGDDWLYLGDGHGHSHVTXLVD$VVLPDLGpLDGHUHGHVGH SHVTXLVDSRUH[HPSORpGHVHQYROYLGDSHORVGRXWRUDQGRVTXH YrHPHVVDVHVWUXWXUDVVHIRUPDUHHYROXLUQRVODERUDWyULRVHQDV HTXLSHVGHSHVTXLVDPDVHODQmRpFRPXPIRUDGRPHLRFLHQ Wt¿FR&RPRYLPRVHVVDQRomRGL]UHVSHLWRDRVLQWHUORFXWRUHV HSDUFHLURVGHXPSHVTXLVDGRUTXHGHVHPSHQKDPXPSDSHOQD GH¿QLomRGDVSHVTXLVDV2VGRXWRUDQGRVSHUFHEHPDH[LVWrQFLD GHVVDVUHGHVHDVFODVVL¿FDPHPGXDVFDWHJRULDVUHGHVHPTXH VRPHQWHLQWHUYrPRXWURVSHVTXLVDGRUHVHODERUDWyULRVGHSHVTXL VDFRQVLGHUDGDVFRPRSRVLWLYDVHUHGHVPDLVJHUDLVQDVTXDLVRV ³QmRFLHQWLVWDV´HVWmRSUHVHQWHVLQGXVWULDLVFOLHQWHVHWFTXH VmRYLVWDVFRPRLQWHUIHUrQFLDVRXGLVWRUo}HVGRVLVWHPD(VVDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVQmRVmRFRPSDUWLOKDGDVSRURXWURVJUXSRVFRPR
indicado nos estudos sobre a representação da pesquisa pelo
S~EOLFRHPJHUDO%DXHUet al%DXHU 6FKRRQ
(VVDHVSHFL¿FDomRGDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVQmRHVWiSUHVHQWH
QDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVGDSRSXODomRHPJHUDO(ODGHYHSRUWDQWR VHUIUXWRGHQRYDVLQIRUPDo}HVDGTXLULGDVSHORVGRXWRUDQGRV GXUDQWHVXDWUDMHWyULDFLHQWt¿FDRTXHLQFOXLRWUDEDOKRGHWHVH 3RGHVHLPDJLQDUHQWmRTXHjPHGLGDTXHDLQIRUPDomRDXPHQ WDRREMHWRWRUQDVHPDLVGH¿QLGRDSRQWRGHQmRPDLVSRGHU VHUFRQVLGHUDGRFRPRXPREMHWRGHUHSUHVHQWDomRPDVFRPR FRQKHFLPHQWRFLHQWt¿FR1HVVHPRPHQWRRGRXWRUDQGRWHULD XPFRQKHFLPHQWRFRPSOHWRGHWRGRVRVDVSHFWRVGRREMHWR1D UHDOLGDGHRFRUUHRIHQ{PHQRLQYHUVR(VVDVLQIRUPDo}HVDEUHP QRYDVSHUVSHFWLYDVHRXWURVDVSHFWRVGRREMHWRVmRGHOLQHDGRVRV FRQWUDWRVRVFRPLWrVGHUHYLVmRGDVUHYLVWDVDVUHGHVFLHQWt¿FDV $VVLPDRLQYpVGHVHWRUQDUPDLVFODURHSUHFLVRRREMHWRFUHVFH HPVLJQL¿FDomRHWRUQDVHDLQGDPDLVGLIXVRHSROLPRUIR7UDWD VHGHXPIHQ{PHQREHPFRQKHFLGRTXDQWRPDLVXPDVVXQWRp HVWXGDGRPDLVHOHVHWRUQDFRPSOH[RHPDLVH[WHQVDVVHWRUQDP DV]RQDVGLIXVDVGRFRQKHFLPHQWR
Referências
$EULF-&3UDWLTXHVVRFLDOHVHWUHSUpVHQWDWLRQV3DULV3UHVVHV8QL YHUVLWDLUHVGH)UDQFH
%DUGLQ//¶DQDO\VHGHFRQWHQXaHG3DULV3UHVVHV8QLYHUVLWDLUHV
GH)UDQFH
%DUUHDX+/¶(SLVWpPRORJLHaHG3DULV3UHVVHV8QLYHUVLWDLUHVGH
)UDQFH
%DXHU0'XUDQW- (YDQV*(XURSHDQSXEOLFSHUFHSWLRQVRIVFLHQFH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI3XEOLF2SLQLRQ5HVHDUFK6
%DXHU0: *DVNHOO*2UJV%LRWHFKQRORJ\WKHPDNLQJRID JOREDOFRQWURYHUV\&DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
%DXHU0 6FKRRQ,0DSSLQJYDULHW\LQSXEOLFXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI VFLHQFH3XEOLF8QGHUVWDQGLQJRI6FLHQFH2
&DOORQ02UJLa science et ses réseaux. 3DULV/D'pFRXYHUWH
'RLVH:/HVUHSUpVHQWDWLRQVVRFLDOHV,Q5*KLJOLRQH&%RQQHW -)5LFKDUG2UJV7UDLWpGHSV\FKRORJLHFRJQLWLYHY SS 3DULV'XQRG
'RLVH:/¶DQFUDJHGDQVOHVpWXGHVVXUOHVUHSUpVHQWDWLRQVVRFLDOHV %XOOHWLQGH3V\FKRORJLH45
'RLVH:&OHPHQFH$ /RUHQ]L&LROGL)5HSUpVHQWDWLRQVVRFLDOHV HWDQDO\VHGHGRQQpHV*UHQREOH3UHVVHV8QLYHUVLWDLUHVGH*UHQREOH -RGHOHW'5HSUpVHQWDWLRQVRFLDOHSKpQRPqQHVFRQFHSWHWWKpRULH,Q
60RVFRYLFL2UJ/DSV\FKRORJLHVRFLDOHSS3DULV3UHVVHV 8QLYHUVLWDLUHVGH)UDQFH
.XKQ7$HVWUXWXUDGDVUHYROXo}HVFLHQWt¿FDV6mR3DXOR3HUVSHFWL YD
/DJH(Les représentations sociales du métier de chercheur dans la jeunesse 5DSSRUW VFLHQWL¿TXH GH O¶$FWLRQ7KpPDWLTXH 3URJUDPPpH GX
&156&RQWUDW&156Q
/DJH(/\FpHQVHWSUDWLTXHVVFLHQWL¿TXHVComment les sciences de-viennent une passion3DULV/¶+DUPDWWDQ
/DWRXU%La science en action. 3DULV/D'pFRXYHUWH
/DWRXU%/HPpWLHUGHFKHUFKHXUUHJDUGG¶XQDQWKURSRORJXH3DULV ,QVWLWXW1DWLRQDOGHOD5HFKHUFKH$JURQRPLTXH
0DWDORQ%/DFRQVWUXFWLRQGHODVFLHQFH'HO¶pSLVWpPRORJLHjODVRFLR
-ORJLHGHODFRQQDLVVDQFHVFLHQWL¿TXH/DXVDQQH'HODFKDX[HW1LHVWOp 0HUWRQ5./D6RFLRORJtDGHODFLHQFLD,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVWHyULFDV\
empíricas0DGULG$OLDQ]D
Edna Maria Querido de Oliveira ChamonGRXWRUDHP3VLFRORJLD6RFLDOSHOD8QLYHUVLWpGH7RXORXVH,,/H
0LUDLO7RXORXVH)UDQoDpSURIHVVRUDDVVLVWHQWHGRXWRUDQR'HSDUWDPHQWRGH(FRQRPLD&RQWDELOLGDGHH $GPLQLVWUDomR8QLYHUVLGDGHGH7DXEDWp(QGHUHoRSDUDFRUUHVSRQGrQFLD$Y&LGDGH-DUGLPDSWR %%RVTXHGRV(XFDOLSWRV6mR-RVpGRV&DPSRV63&(37HO(PDLO HGQDFKDPRQ#JPDLOFRP
5HFHELGRHPVHW 5HYLVDGRHPGH] $FHLWRHPIHY
&36i2UJV,,,-RUQDGD,QWHUQDFLRQDOVREUH5HSUHVHQWDo}HV6RFLDLV >&'520@5LRGH-DQHLUR8QLYHUVLGDGH(VWDGXDOGR5LRGH-DQHLUR 3RSSHU . $ OyJLFD GD SHVTXLVD FLHQWt¿FD 6mR 3DXOR 3HQVDPHQWR
&XOWUL[
4XLY\5 9DQ&DPSHQKRXGW/Manuel de recherche en sciences sociales.3DULV'XQRG
5HLQHUW0$/&(67(8QHPpWKRGRORJLHG¶DQDO\VHGHGRQQpHVWH[WXHO
OHVHWXQHDSSOLFDWLRQAurélia GH*pUDUGGH1HUYDO%XOOHWLQGH0pWKRGRORJLH
6RFLRORJLTXH26
5HLQHUW0/HV©PRQGHVOH[LFDX[ªHWOHXU©ORJLTXHªjWUDYHUVO¶DQDO\VH VWDWLVWLTXHG¶XQFRUSXVGHUpFLWVGHFDXFKHPDUV/DQJDJHHW6RFLpWp66
5RXTXHWWH0/Sur la connaissance des masses. *UHQREOH3UHVVHV
