Vol-7, Special Issue-Number5, 2016, pp1460-1466 http://www.bipublication.com
Research Article
Psychological function of colors in Naserkhosro court
Peyman Pasban Zoghi1 and Seyed Hasan Seyed Torabi2
1. Department of Persian Literature, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
Email: p.pzoghi@chmail.ir
2. Department of Persian Literature, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Corresponding author: Hassantorabi80@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Color was paid attention as the most significant and manifested factor at the area of tangibles and has empowered human soul. Color is the factor of calmness of the world and denotes power of the world’s drawer. Nowadays in belief of many great people of literature in the world, color is the most important factor at occurrence of artistic creativities. Since poem is choosing words or in more exact world drawing with words undoubtedly choosing colors in the area of art of poet can’t be ineffective and aware or unaware choose of any color by poet denotes his viewpoint toward world and its phenomenon. Attention to the frequency of colorful words in the works of poet can lead us toward many ethical and behavioral features of poet and also underlying layers of his globalization. Naserkhosro is the poet who has benefited the factor of color in his poems. His poems are full of colorful images related to nature, social and political images and events and affairs ruling the society. Result of this research shows that black color is the most frequent color in poems of Nasekhosro and naserkhosro has depicted atmosphere of cruelty of his era in the form of this color.
Keywords: Color, Psychology, Naserkhosro, Poem court
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays color is counted as the most important factor at occurrence of artistic creativities and poets have benefited this factor for clarity of their concepts and searching and explaining relations between poetic images and stating symbolic concepts and state their secret from the language of colors. Inseparable connection of mental features and events and experience of life of poets with atmosphere ruling their mind and soul caused to make the symbolic field of colors in their poems. Yellow, blue and red are main colors. Green purple, orange, yellow tending to green, green tending to blue, blue tending to purple, purple tending to red, red tending to orange and orange tending to yellow are created from
hypothesis is counted one criteria of assessing personality and manifest mental and physical effect that color places on a person.<<losher states that color alone doesn’t denote personality, but in choosing groups and pairs of color we can know personality of people to some extent. He pointed that this hypothesis has psychological aspect and shouldn’t be counted in the area of non-scientific amusing affairs (losher, 2007:8).in psychology of color internal movements are the basis of work and artistic talents and interest of poets are assessed through colors that are paid attention more. Critics know attention to psychological value at perceiving important literal works and count it as the key of other cash items. With the help of psychology of color we can understand that how emotions of artist acts and which feature is stimulating thought and inspirations of poet? Social criticism in the area of literature is the most reliable kind of criticism and we can analyses literary and artistic interest of people that are affected by cultural and social environment. Among different literary and social interest one important sense forms is color. Therefore sociology of color manifests the manner of effect and reciprocal effect of poet and cultural and social environment.Extensive studies and analysis about color has been done in literary works with different approach in form of scientific research papers that some of them are:
Psychology of color in poems of Sohrab(Vahidian and Sam khiyabani, 2003), color in contemporary era(panahi, 2006) psychology of color in poems of Nima(ghasemzadeh and Nikoubakht, 2003).An analysis to the function of color in poem m.sereshkartistic work of MasoudRohani are samples that considered color in the dimension of psychology.
Color in Nasekhosro poem
Since color and it’s applied specious with consistency have connected to emotion and perception of creator; precision in application of color in naserkhosro can help us in identification of personality and globalization. Colors in creating relation inducing different concepts,
changing situation affect environment and showing mental moods. For example: green and red color is happy color and green and grey and cold colors are inspirit and symbol of sadness.in the view of psychology criticism the function of literature is that it creates specific mental balance and reaction in reader and beauty is the thing that causes combined balance(Zarinkoub, 43:1995). Color in the view of psychologist affect stating mental mood of people. As we can find out internal personality and thinking tendencies, addictive and social tendencies of people. Poem like any art denotes emotions and experience of life. Accuracy in colors a psychological factor opens new window for more identification of any work to the reader through which we can know taste, belief, demands of human(hasanali and Ahmadina, 163:2008).
As drawers see life in the view of color and psychologist of color know it as a mental action and believe that wit color we can relate different emotions like fear, sadness, happiness and hope. <<psychologist by attention to application of colors review hidden layers of personality of people. Young one thinker and psychologist of
20th century believed symbolic force of colors and
encourages his patients while drawing apply colors to manifest their deepest unaware section and make connection between their unconscious and conscious section for achieving mental health(San, 58:2009).
litersl sociology makes inseparable relation between society, artist and literary work. This silence shows properness of artist and society ,content of artistic work and mental structure of the society that causes creation of artistic work
(Goldman, 1998:64).differentfactors affect
sociology of colors: social environment, cultures and traditions, environmental situation, area of civilization geography and co-living and closeness of land with other societies .artists in fact reflect their thought, emotion and culture of society in their works(Parsanasab, 18:2011).Color is one
effective factor of creation(artistic)
that has in creating similarities and moving and sensing metaphors(shafieiKadkan, 911:1991).
Black color
When naserkhosro explained the past and adolescence, uses happy colors having positive meaning and when desire snow and his mood it uses cold and unspiritual cools with negative meanings.Black color is the color that diminishes itself. Black is the sign of absolute border beyond which the life has stopped, so it manifests thought of emptiness. Black is the final point, symbol of leaving interest, surrender or final leaving(losher, 97:2007).
Black is creating pride and mental enmity and color of sadness. In consolidation it is saved inside human as symbol of sadness.Black color is the symbol of full self-unawareness, color of sadness and cruelty. In Europe black is counted as negative color and shouldn’t be interpreted positively in dream. Black-wearing person, black snake all are dark and hopeless signs. In church ceremony of deadsare hold under black color(opli, 284:1992).Black color is the most frequent color in poems of naserkhosro. Poet know this color as a sign of sadness, dark atmosphere and sometimes hopeless and since poet says the poem in atmosphere ruling his mind that is affected by experience of his life and symbolic field of this color is manifested in his poems.Black color of bird was paid attention by poet and in some metaphor and assimilations it has been paid attention:look at this world that is like eagle (black and white spot) that how isn’t calm without feather and harpWithout seeing it diminishes everything slowly sometimes wife and child and sometimes property and bodyWhen it wants to grasp you with toes so why you are fallowing itbecauseit will grasp you with teeth and harpYour youth and beauty are feather and wing and eagle didn’t want anything except your youth and beauty(naserkhosro, 362:1995).
Black color is the symbol of night and cruelty, sadness fear anxiety and finally color of sadness and death.That black hat that I wore nature has got it, and I put it aside(the same:391).
In this poem the poet remind his adolescence and is sad for losing it. The time that was young and had black hair, red face and much power now the world has made his old. The thing that motivates naserkhosro in loneliness for continuing life is hope to the better future’ the future in which Abasiangovernment are diminished and fatemian government replaced and rule the world in justice.Naserkhosro manifest unfavorable image of Abasiangovernment and cruelties that is situated in territory of their ruling from Baghdad to Khorasan. His enmity with Abasirulers’ proceeds to the point that even in existence of black birds in this view that is the color of sound of Abasian sees sign of wretched and infidelity and hypocrisy. The symbol of your skillfulness is that you don’t have cloth like Abasian(the same:157).
And in describing spring:
Crowwas left because it became the enemy of Zahra family(the same:179)
Sapphire
Sapphire in the past was called dark blue. in the fallowing verses sapphire is the sign of sadness. The poet due to difficulties that has faced in life
has used specific colors in his poems
unconsciously. Words that denote color in poems f naserkhosro are not only a word in his look but are counted a factor for his poetic and artistic work.inthiscalmness world of dark sky how long will you move far from this black world(the same:229). Poet applies color for creating words, poetic images and explaining clear and beautiful concepts.
poets due to different mental, environmental and social moods use main, subordinate or neutral colors in their poetic description.On soil and in the sky, this black color is a cover and mask on human face(the same:86).
Red color
In poetry and written literature and also in oral literature color has been paid attention and Naserkhosro has used in a lot in assimilations, metaphors and allusion. Red color due to much assimilation was paid attention by poet and kinds of red colors like fire color, purple and maron and in combinations ruby red color was much paid attention.It became sweet and red like date, when it took hardness of warmth(the same:50).
red color in it highest wave emphasizes achieving humanity perfection and is the sign of severity of tendency to life. This color is the factor of
stimulation and achieving victory (losher,
2007:83).
When naserkhosro explains the past and youth he uses happy color having positive meaning and when he describes his current mood he uses cold and negative meaning of soul.how can I smile to someone who is unwise because knowledge has taken my neck. I don’t fallow unawareness because if I fallow I become like that. My new face was red like tulip, now it became carious like straw. If I ruin anything that I stored like you I will not have anything for the day after I shouldnot think why the god has created me in this form. This ode was colored with two red and yellow colors. Two words of windflower (red) and straw(yellow) point happiness and blossom of youth and impotence of old era.Colors in Nasekhosro court is made in proportion to the atmosphere that poet tries to recreate them, although he hasn’t pointed it explicitly but general atmosphere of his poems reminds yellow,grey and black colors in mind.for any invasion it will pour blood of anyone who doesn’t have sin. The work of sand is cryingand it is not the work of tulip. Farmer moves in the blood so that no one can see him(the same:545).
And his face has been assimilated to tulip that is adolescence and lilies that is old ages.Look at that red pomegranate by duplicity and look at the expensive cloth like the person who washes chador(the same:348). The image that poets present about their world denotes their era. Describing seasons of year and different aspects of nature are repeated subjects of poem. Power of statement in explaining heart and internal world besides describing natural views, manifests their speculation and aesthetic viewpoint. Presenting new images f day and night or describing seasons of the year accompanied by their specific dying gives beauty to the poem. Sky will be full of stars in the morning, from vegetation and red flower and tulip and gardens (the same:80).
fresh vegetable and red flower and gardens are like brilliant stars at night(the same:179).
look at these black sand from which beautiful flower grow(the same:233).
Red flower put on red hat and colorful cloth. It tore good smelling cloth of willow and complained the cruelty of winter to the spring(the same:233).
Yellow color
Yellow is the main color, color of wisdom, integrity and accuracy. This color has positive effect on speed, accuracy and in education. In Hindu religion yellow is counted as a holly color learn of Berhamanan religion that is Buddha while praying his God wore yellow shirt(san, 115:1999). this color is part of main colors and warm colors. It is the happiest color and describes wisdom, intelligence and imagination. In psychology young depicts the place that belief form there. When wisdom is described with yellow color it denotes though and wisdom. This color don’t have limit and is faded in other colors simply. Happiness and rise of sun and summer are reminded in this color. Releasing or expectation of hope and fortune is toward development and move toward new world of concepts. Yellow color and its affective content is hope and freedom (Losher, 87:2007).
field of holiness. Sometimes it remained interpretation of light, sun and moon with a
shadow of brilliant colors. In common
interpretations it has been used for fear, disease and disability.that yellow body that its head is black like whale and has yellow face and thin body(Naserkhosro 239, 1995).
Sadness remains for him and became thin like the person who is sad. The world was like the person who is happy always but that happiness has changed into perigee. At the end of any adolescence happiness and youth will reach to oldness(the same:545).
When the face of leave became yellow by blowing wind of fall season yellow leaves fall on the ground and due to coldness of breath(slow beating) weather pour camphor on human and thistle replaces flower and crow reads in the position of nightingale. Any flower will not remain to see its beauty and no vegetation will observe him in the position of perfection, its leaf will be diminished and it will be disable. Theperson whose face is yellow and don’t have power he can’t be attractive(the sme:567).
Naserkhosro in his poems tells his personal experiences to all and in fact by his behavior proves accuracy of his quote and in these poems
of naserkhosro behavior and speech of
experienced people prioritized behavior and thought of adults and call all to perception and if they don’t accept this world connect those speech to the reality.Cruelty of nature has washed me from red willow and polished it with water. From cruelty of nature my tallness became bowed (the same:479).
White color
Islam that is the most complete religion has positive view to the white color, emphasis on
wearing white cloth especially in doing
obligations is the signof importance of this color.
Whale praying wearing white color is
recommended, according to the statement most clothes of the prophet Mohammad was white and said: Wear white cloth to your live bodies and dead bodies. In pray also wearing white cloth was
recommended and black was abominated (Majlesi, 475:2008).white color in belief of Ebarian is the symbol of happiness and pureness. In belief of local people of Central America it shows peace and health, in belief of Christians it is the sign of happiness, pureness, and holey life and in belief of Hindu it is the sign of pure wisdom, illumination of itself, moving upward and expression(kopr, 79:1990).
White hair is the most prevalent sign of oldness. White hair is like brilliant light that radiates on the head of a elder human. Therefore it shouldn’t be hidden. Another consequence of oldness is white color of hair that quran has reminded it as firing of head.The verse 4 of Maryam sura) the similarity of whiteness of hairs with fire is that whiteness is like fire that becomes more gradually and took all parts of hair. In literary combinations poet has used it a lot.in poems of poets, changing musk to camphor is allusion of white hair and arrival of oldness(anoshe, 255:2002).
your black hair became whilte as your days changed into black. The nature has changed your black hair to white and its work is magic that ca do constant work.Oldness is the period that I fear to diminishes all my life and behaviors(The same, 455). Color like word in relation with the past and now is applied with positive and negative concept. Anyone according to his taste get interested to a color and hate another color. Since colors cause creativity and talent poet as a creative human try by getting help from colors explain his mental experiences.Why are you proud of a Turkish king remember greatness of Mahmoudgovernment(The same:62).
into white hair(The same: 307). White color in its positive concept has meanings like brightness, sanctity and impeccability and in its negative meaning is the symbol of death and fear. Remembering white hair in poems of poets stems in this concept.who should be motivated that your black hair became white like milk (The same:306). slogan of FatemianaganstAbasian was white and Naserkhosroreminde this subject by honor:I hope a group wearing white cloth diminish those who wear black clothes soon (the same:99).
Green color
Green is subordinate color that is obtained from mixing two colors of yellow and blue. Its best form can’t be observed in color of plants. fertility, happiness, calmness and hope are valuable concepts that green color denotes it. Fusion and reciprocal penetration of science and belief (Aytin, 95:2005).Green is the color that God has pointed it in Quran. In verse 31 of Kahfsura God says: those who achieve Heaven Rivers will move under their feet and are adorned with bracelet of gold and wear green cloth with thin and thick texture.green causes flexibility of will and this flexibility make a person to be resistant against problems; because through stability a person can do a work and cause more respect for themselves(Losher, 68:2007).
He against some poets who didn’t have much accuracy to the phenomenon of color ,know colors well. Choosing colors has specific importance for him.Human in nature is adapted with colors and so life without color don’t meaning for him and is bothering (Blordi, 94:2008).
in this green world who hung me that I used bad words (naserkhosro, 66:1995).
Vegetation is metaphor of happiness.
Based on God’s word in Noroz all gardens and even desserts become green (the same:79). Youshouldn’t be happy for drinking alcohol and vegetation of the world because hedonism is the work of animals(the same:131). all these fruits and green tress that we see are not all green like willow and plane trees>.(the same:130). A red star
like fire radiates on empty water screen from green sky (the same:567).
CONCLUSION
Many poets have always tried to benefit the factor of color in their works. Sometimes the factor of color has good and positive meaning and sometimes it has negative meaning. Any color in proportionality to its specific environment can denote the subject. A feature of art of Naserkhosro is the ability of benefiting color as an effective and favorable tool for describing faces, moods of people and natural views and from this aspect it has created kinds of metaphor, assimilations and allusion. Frequencies of color applied in poems of Naserkhosro shows mental feature and his worldview. Black color is the most frequent color in poems of Naserkhosro. Poet knows this color as a symbol of sadness, dark atmosphere and sometimes hopeless and since poet tells poem in atmosphere ruling his mind and soul that is affected by experiences of his life and symbolic field of this color is manifested in his poems.
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