Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture

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Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture

1 Ricardo Portilho Proni

ricardo@nervinformatica.com.br Esta obra está licenciada sob a licença Creative Commons Atribuição-SemDerivados 3.0 Brasil. Para ver uma cópia desta licença, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/.

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Alta Disponibilidade

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• Confiança

• Recuperabilidade

• Detecção de erros em tempo hábil

• Continuidade operacional

Características da Alta Disponibilidade

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• Análise de impacto no negócio

• Custo de tempo fora de operação

• Objetivo de tempo de recuperação (RTO)

• Objetivo de ponto de recuperação (RPO)

• Meta de gerenciamento

• Custo total de propriedade (TCO)

• Retorno sobre o investimento (ROI)

Análise de Alta Disponibilidade

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• Camada 1 (Faturamento, Vendas)

• Camada 2 (Compras, Estoque)

• Camada 3 (BI, Desenvimento)

Sistemas e Alta Disponibilidade

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• Tempo máximo de parada tolerado.

• Frequência máxima de paradas tolerada.

• Custos facilmente mensuráveis (vendas, funcionários ociosos, multas

contratuais)

• Custos dificilmente mensuráveis (processos judiciais)

• Custos não mensusáveis (publicidade negativa, clientes irritados)

Custos e Alta Disponibilidade

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Implantação de Alta Disponibilidade

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• Fast-Start Fault Recovery

• Oracle Restart

• Oracle Real Application Clusters and Oracle Clusterware

• Oracle RAC One Node

• Oracle Data Guard

• Oracle GoldenGate / Oracle Streams

• Oracle Flashback Technology

• Oracle Automatic Storage Management

• Fast Recovery Area

• Recovery Manager

• Data Recovery Advisor

• Oracle Secure Backup

• Oracle Security Features

• LogMiner

• Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software (Exadata Cell)

• Oracle Exadata Database Machine

• Oracle Database File System (DBFS)

• Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS)

• Client Failover

• Automatic Block Repair

• Corruption Prevention, Detection, and Repair

Soluções Oracle para Alta Disponibilidade

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• Operating system and hardware upgrades -> Oracle RAC • Oracle Database patches -> Oracle RAC

• Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrades and patches -> Oracle RAC • Storage Migration -> Oracle ASM

• Migrating to Exadata Storage -> Oracle MAA best practices • Upgrading Exadata Storage -> Exadata Patch Manager

• Migrating a single-instance database to Oracle RAC -> Oracle Grid Infrastructure • Migrating to Oracle ASM -> Oracle Data Guard

• Migrating a single-instance database to Oracle RAC -> Oracle Data Guard • Patch set and database upgrades -> Oracle Data Guard using SQL Apply

• Oracle interim patches, Oracle clusterware upgrades and patches, Oracle ASM

upgrades, Operating System and Hardware Upgrades -> Oracle Data Guard Standby-First

Patch Apply

• Migration across Windows and Linux -> Oracle Data Guard

• Platform migration across the same endian format platforms -> Transportable database • Platform migration across different endian format platforms -> Transportable tablespace • Patch set and database upgrades, platform migration, rolling upgrades, and when

different character sets are required -> Oracle GoldenGate and Oracle Streams

• Application upgrades -> Online Application Maintenance and Upgrades

Indisponibilidades Planejadas

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• Site Failures -> Oracle Data Guard

• Site Failures -> Oracle GoldenGate and Oracle Streams • Site Failures -> Recovery Manager

• Computer Failures -> Oracle Real Application Clusters and Oracle Clusterware • Computer Failures -> Oracle RAC One Node

• Computer Failures -> Fast-Start Fault Recovery • Computer Failures -> Oracle Data Guard

• Computer Failures -> Oracle GoldenGate and Oracle Streams • Storage Failures -> Oracle Automatic Storage Management • Storage Failures -> Oracle Data Guard

• Storage Failures -> RMAN with Fast Recovery Area and Oracle Secure Backup • Storage Failures -> Oracle GoldenGate and Oracle Streams

• Data Corruption -> Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software (Exadata Cell) and Oracle ASM • Data Corruption -> Corruption Prevention, Detection, and Repair

• Data Corruption -> Data Recovery Advisor and RMAN with Fast Recovery Area • Data Corruption -> Oracle Data Guard

• Data Corruption -> Oracle GoldenGate and Oracle Streams • Human Errors -> Oracle Security Features

• Human Errors -> Oracle Flashback Technology • Human Errors -> LogMiner

• Lost writes -> Oracle Data Guard, RMAN, DB_LOST_WRITE_PROTECT

• Lost writes -> Oracle Data Guard Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software (Exadata Cell) • Hangs or slow down - Oracle Database and Oracle Enterprise Manager

Indisponibilidades Não Planejadas

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High Availability Overview:

http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/to_toc?pathname=server.112/e17157/toc.htm

High Availability Best Practices:

http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/to_toc?pathname=server.112/e10803/toc.htm

Maiores informações

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Ambiente Produção

Oracle RAC: nerv01 e nerv02 / nerv03 e nerv04 / nerv05 e nerv06 / nerv07 e nerv08

NFS: nerv09

ASM: nerv09

DNS: nerv09

Ambiente Contingência

Oracle Data Guard Physical Standby: nerv11 / nerv12 / nerv13 / nerv14

NFS: nerv10

ASM: nerv10

DNS: nerv10

Ambiente Observador

Oracle Client: nerv15

Cenário 1: Oracle RAC + Oracle Data Guard

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Ambiente Produção

Oracle RAC: nerv01 e nerv02 / nerv03 e nerv04 / nerv05 e nerv06 / nerv07 e nerv08

NFS: nerv09

ASM: nerv09

DNS: nerv09

Ambiente Contingência

Oracle Database: nerv11 / nerv12 / nerv13 / nerv14

NFS: nerv10

ASM: nerv10

DNS: nerv10

Cenário 2: Oracle RAC + Oracle Golden Gate

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Ambiente Produção

Oracle RAC: nerv01 e nerv02 / nerv03 e nerv04 / nerv05 e nerv06 / nerv07 e nerv08

NFS: nerv09

ASM: nerv09

DNS: nerv09

Ambiente Contingência

Oracle RAC: nerv11 / nerv12 / nerv13 / nerv14

NFS: nerv10

ASM: nerv10

DNS: nerv10

Ambiente Observador

NFS: nerv15

Cenário 3: Oracle RAC Extended

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Lab 1 – Instalação OEL 6

Hands On !

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16 Lab 1.1: Instalação OEL 6

Nas máquinas

nerv01

,

nerv02 e nerv11

, instale o OEL.

- 1a tela: Install or upgrade an existing system

- 2a tela: Skip

- 3a tela: Next

- 4a tela: English (English), Next

- 5a tela: Brazilian ABNT2, Next

- 6a tela: Basic Storage Devices, Next

- 7a tela: Fresh Installation, Next

- 8a tela:

nerv01

.localdomain, Next

- 9a tela: America/Sao Paulo, Next

- 10a tela: Nerv2014, Nerv2014, Next

- 11a tela: Create Custom Layout, Next

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17 Lab 1.2: Instalação OEL 6

17 - 12a tela: Crie as partições como abaixo, e em seguida, Next:

sda1

200 MB

/boot

sda2

100000 MB

/

sda3

20000 MB

/home

sda5

16384 MB

swap

sda6

10000 MB

/var

sda7

10000 MB

/tmp

sda8

Espaço restante /u01

- 13a tela: Format

- 14a tela: Write changes to disk

- 15a tela: Next

- 16a tela: Minimal

- 17a tela: Reboot

- Retire o DVD.

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Lab 2 – Configuração OEL 6

Hands On !

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Nas máquinas

nerv01

,

nerv02 e nerv11

, configure a placa de rede púplica.

# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 HWADDR=00:26:5A:70:E8:6B TYPE=Ethernet UUID=8a9e98e5-0364-4a98-8f18-594ca6895433 ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.0.101 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.0.1 DNS1=192.168.0.201 DNS2=8.8.8.8 DOMAIN=localdomain

19 Lab 2.1 – Configuração OEL 6

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Nas máquinas

nerv01

,

nerv02 e nerv11

, configure a placas de rede privada.

# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 DEVICE=eth1 HWADDR=C8:9C:DC:C7:32:45 TYPE=Ethernet UUID=b30878af-a7c2-4464-bbe2-33bc5cc3fa3e ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.1.101 NETMASK=255.255.255.0

Nas máquinas

nerv01

,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, atualize o sistema operacional e

execute a instalação dos pré-requisitos.

# service network restart # yum -y update

# yum -y install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall # yum -y install oracleasm-support

# yum -y install unzip iscsi-initiator-utils java-1.7.0-openjdk parted

# yum -y install unixODBC unixODBC.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel.i686

20 Lab 2.2 – Configuração OEL 6

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Nas máquinas

nerv01

,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, ACRESCENTAR AO FINAL do

arquivo /etc/hosts:

# Public

192.168.0.101 nerv01.localdomain nerv01

# Private

192.168.1.101 nerv01-priv.localdomain nerv01-priv 192.168.1.102 nerv02-priv.localdomain nerv02-priv 192.168.1.121 nerv11-priv.localdomain nerv11-priv # Virtual

192.168.0.111 nerv01-vip.localdomain nerv01-vip 192.168.0.112 nerv02-vip.localdomain nerv02-vip 192.168.0.131 nerv11-vip.localdomain nerv11-vip # Storage 192.168.0.201 nerv09.localdomain nerv09 192.168.0.202 nerv10.localdomain nerv10 # Client 192.168.0.2 nerv15.localdomain nerv15

21 Lab 2.3 – Configuração OEL 6

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Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, executar os comandos abaixo.

# groupadd oper

# groupadd asmadmin # groupadd asmdba # groupadd asmoper

# usermod -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper oracle # mkdir -p /u01/app/grid # mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid # mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1 # mkdir -p /u01/shared_config01 # mkdir -p /u01/shared_config02 # mkdir -p /u01/shared_config03 # chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 # chmod -R 775 /u01

# passwd oracle (Coloque como senha do usuário oracle: Nerv2014)

22 Lab 2.4 – Configuração OEL 6

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Nas máquinas

nerv01

,

nerv02

e

nerv11

,

altere o SELinux de “enforcing” para

“permissive”.

# vi /etc/selinux/config

Nas máquinas

nerv01

,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, desabilite o firewall.

# chkconfig iptables off # chkconfig ip6tables off

Nas máquinas

nerv01

,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, desabilite o NTP.

# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org # reboot

23 Lab 2.5 – Configuração OEL 6

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Nas máquinas

nerv01

e

nerv02

, com o usuário oracle, ACRESCENTAR NO

FINAL do arquivo /home/oracle/.bash_profile as linhas abaixo.

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=nerv01.localdomain export ORACLE_UNQNAME=ORCL

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4/db_1 export GRID_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid

export CRS_HOME=$GRID_HOME export ORACLE_SID=ORCL1

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi

24 Lab 2.6 – Configuração OEL 6

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Na máquina

nerv11

, com o usuário oracle, ACRESCENTAR NO FINAL do

arquivo /home/oracle/.bash_profile as linhas abaixo.

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=nerv11.localdomain export ORACLE_UNQNAME=ORCL export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1 export GRID_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/grid/11.2.0.4/grid export CRS_HOME=$GRID_HOME export ORACLE_SID=ORCL export ORACLE_TERM=xterm export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi

25 Lab 2.7 – Configuração OEL 6

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Lab 3 – Storage

Hands On !

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Nas máquinas

nerv09

e

nerv10

, crie 3 diretórios.

# mkdir /shared_config01 # mkdir /shared_config02 # mkdir /shared_config03

Nas máquinas

nerv09

e

nerv10

, adicionar no arquivo /etc/exports:

/shared_config01 *(rw,sync,no_wdelay,insecure_locks,no_root_squash) /shared_config02 *(rw,sync,no_wdelay,insecure_locks,no_root_squash) /shared_config03 *(rw,sync,no_wdelay,insecure_locks,no_root_squash)

Nas máquinas

nerv09

e

nerv10

, iniciar o NFS Server:

# service nfs start # chkconfig nfs on

27 Lab 3.1 – Storage (NFS)

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Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, adicionar no arquivo /etc/fstab as TRÊS

linhas abaixo.

nerv09:/shared_config01 /u01/shared_config01 nfs

rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=600,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,actimeo=0,noac 0 0

28 Lab 3.2 – Storage (NFS)

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Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, executar:

# mount /u01/shared_config01 # mount /u01/shared_config02 # mount /u01/shared_config03

Na máquina

nerv01

, executar:

# mkdir /u01/shared_config01/rac01

# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/shared_config01/rac01

Na máquina

nerv11

, executar:

29 Lab 3.3 – Storage (NFS)

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30 Lab 3.4 – Storage (ASM)

Nas máquinas

nerv09

e

nerv10

, crie 4 partições de 10GB, sem formatar.

Nas máquinas

nerv09

e

nerv10

, configure o iSCSI server.

# cat /etc/tgt/targets.conf

<target iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-01> backing-store /dev/sda5

initiator-address 192.168.0.101

initiator-address 192.168.0.102

</target>

<target iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-02> backing-store /dev/sda6 initiator-address 192.168.0.101 initiator-address 192.168.0.102 </target> ... # service tgtd start # chkconfig tgtd on

30

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31 Lab 3.5 – Storage (ASM)

Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, ative o pacote iSCSI Initiator.

# service iscsid start # chkconfig iscsid on

Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, verifique os Discos exportados no

Storage.

# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.0.201

# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-01 -p 192.168.0.201 -l # iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-02 -p 192.168.0.201 -l # iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-03 -p 192.168.0.201 -l # iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-04 -p 192.168.0.201 -l

Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, deixe APENAS os novos discos no

arquivo /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi.

InitiatorName=iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-01 InitiatorName=iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-02 InitiatorName=iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-03 InitiatorName=iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-04

31

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32 Lab 3.6 – Storage (ASM)

Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, REINICIE, e verifique se os discos

foram configurados localmente.

# fdisk -l

Nas máquinas

nerv01

e

nerv11

, particione os novos discos.

# fdisk /dev/sdb n <enter> p <enter> 1 <enter> <enter> <enter> w <enter> # fdisk /dev/sdc n <enter> p <enter> 1 <enter> <enter> <enter> w <enter>

32

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33 Lab 3.7 – Storage (ASM)

Nas máquinas

nerv01

e

nerv11

, particione os novos discos.

# fdisk /dev/sdd n <enter> p <enter> 1 <enter> <enter> <enter> w <enter> # fdisk /dev/sde n <enter> p <enter> 1 <enter> <enter> <enter> w <enter>

Nas máquinas

nerv02

, execute a detecção dos novos discos.

# partprobe /dev/sdb # partprobe /dev/sdc # partprobe /dev/sdd # partprobe /dev/sde

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Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, configure a ASMLib.

# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure oracle <enter> oinstall <enter> y <enter> y <enter> # /etc/init.d/oracleasm status

Nas máquinas

nerv01

e

nerv11

, crie os discos do ASM.

# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK00 /dev/sdb1 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK01 /dev/sdc1 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK02 /dev/sdd1 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK03 /dev/sde1

Na máquina

nerv02

, execute a detecção dos discos criados.

# /etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks

34 Lab 3.8 – Storage (ASM)

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Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, verifique se os discos estão corretos.

# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks

# /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk -v -p DISK00 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk -v -p DISK01 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk -v -p DISK02 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk -v -p DISK03

Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, verifique se os discos estão corretos.

# ls -lh /dev/oracleasm/disks/

brw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 8, 17 Mar 3 08:40 DISK00 brw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 8, 33 Mar 3 08:40 DISK01 brw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 8, 49 Mar 3 08:40 DISK02 brw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 8, 65 Mar 3 08:40 DISK03

35 Lab 3.9 – Storage (ASM)

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Lab 4 - Grid Infraestructure

Hands On !

(37)

Na máquina

nerv01

, configure o SSH sem senha.

[oracle@nerv01 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa <enter>

[oracle@nerv01 ~]$ ssh oracle@nerv02 mkdir -p .ssh

[oracle@nerv01 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh oracle@nerv01 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys' [oracle@nerv01 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh oracle@nerv02 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys' [oracle@nerv01 ~]$ ssh nerv02

[oracle@nerv02 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh oracle@nerv01 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys' [oracle@nerv02 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh oracle@nerv02 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys' [oracle@nerv02 ~]$ ssh nerv01

Nas máquinas

nerv01

e

nerv11

, com o usuário oracle, altere o Response

File , descompacte e execute o instalador do Grid Infrastructure.

$ unzip -q p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip

$ /home/oracle/grid/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/grid_nerv01.rsp

37 Lab 4.1 – Grid Infrastructure

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Na máquina

nerv01

, com o usuário root, execute os seguintes scripts.

# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh # /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/root.sh

Na máquina

nerv02

, com o usuário root, execute os seguintes scripts.

Na máquina

nerv11

, com o usuário root, execute os seguintes scripts.

# /u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh # /u01/app/grid/11.2.0.4/grid/root.sh

38 Lab 4.2 – Grid Infrastructure

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Na máquina

nerv01

, atualize o Cluster Inventory.

$ /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/oui/bin/runInstaller -silent -updateNodeList \ ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid" LOCAL_NODE=nerv01 \ CLUSTER_NODES=nerv01,nerv02 CRS=true

Na máquina

nerv01

, crie o LISTENER do Grid.

$ /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/netca \

-silent -responseFile /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

Na máquina

nerv11

, atualize o Cluster Inventory.

$ /u01/app/grid/11.2.0.4/grid/oui/bin/runInstaller -silent -updateNodeList \ ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/grid/11.2.0.4/grid" LOCAL_NODE=nerv11 \ CLUSTER_NODES=nerv11 CRS=true

Na máquina

nerv11

, crie o LISTENER do Grid.

$ /u01/app/grid/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/netca \

-silent -responseFile /u01/app/grid/11.2.0.4/grid/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

39 Lab 4.3 – Grid Infrastructure

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Lab 5 – Oracle Database Software

Hands On !

(41)

Nas máquinas

nerv01

e

nerv11

, com o usuário oracle, adeque o Response File,

descompacte e execute o instalador do Oracle Database Software.

$ unzip -q p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip $ unzip -q p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

$ /home/oracle/database/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/db_nerv01.rsp

Na máquina

nerv01

, com o usuário root, execute o script abaixo.

# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/root.sh

Na máquina

nerv02

, com o usuário root, execute o script abaixo.

Na máquina

nerv11

, com o usuário root, execute o script abaixo.

41 Lab 5.1 – Oracle Database Software

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LAB 6 – ASM

Hands On !

(43)

Nas máquinas

nerv01

e

nerv11

, crie a Instância ASM, com o DISKGROUP DATA.

$ $GRID_HOME/bin/crsctl status res -t

$ $GRID_HOME/bin/asmca -silent -configureASM -sysAsmPassword Nerv2014 \ -asmsnmpPassword Nerv2014 -diskGroupName DATA -diskList \

'/dev/oracleasm/disks/DISK00,/dev/oracleasm/disks/DISK01' -redundancy NORMAL \ -au_size 1 -compatible.asm '11.2.0.0.0' -compatible.rdbms '11.2.0.0.0' \

-diskString '/dev/oracleasm/disks/*' $ $GRID_HOME/bin/crsctl status res -t

43 Lab 6.1 – ASM

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Na máquina

nerv01

, crie o DISKGROUP FRA, e o habilite no outro Nó.

$ export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME $ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1

$ sqlplus / AS SYSASM

SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP FRA NORMAL REDUNDANCY DISK

'/dev/oracleasm/disks/DISK02' NAME DATA_0002, '/dev/oracleasm/disks/DISK03' NAME DATA_0003;

SQL> EXIT;

$ srvctl start diskgroup -g FRA -n nerv02 $ srvctl enable diskgroup -g FRA -n nerv02 $ $GRID_HOME/bin/crsctl status res -t

Na máquina

nerv11

, crie o DISKGROUP FRA.

$ export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME $ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

$ sqlplus / AS SYSASM

SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP FRA NORMAL REDUNDANCY DISK

'/dev/oracleasm/disks/DISK02' NAME DATA_0002, '/dev/oracleasm/disks/DISK03' NAME DATA_0003;

SQL> EXIT;

$ $GRID_HOME/bin/crsctl status res -t

44 Lab 6.2 – ASM

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Lab 7 – Oracle Database

Hands On !

(46)

Na máquina

nerv01

, crie o Banco de Dados.

$ export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1 $ export ORACLE_SID=ORCL1

$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \ -gdbName ORCL -sid ORCL \

-sysPassword Nerv2014 -systemPassword Nerv2014 \ -storageType ASM -asmsnmpPassword Nerv2014 \ -diskGroupName DATA -recoveryAreaDestination FRA \ -nodelist nerv01,nerv02 \

-characterSet WE8IS08859P15 -listeners LISTENER \ -memoryPercentage 40 \

-sampleSchema true \ -emConfiguration NONE \

-continueOnNonFatalErrors false

46 Lab 7.1 – Oracle Database

(47)

Na máquina

nerv11

, crie o Banco de Dados.

$ export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1 $ export ORACLE_SID=ORCL

$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \ -gdbName ORCL -sid ORCL \

-sysPassword Nerv2014 -systemPassword Nerv2014 \ -storageType ASM -asmsnmpPassword Nerv2014 \ -diskGroupName DATA -recoveryAreaDestination FRA \ -nodelist nerv11 \

-characterSet WE8IS08859P15 -listeners LISTENER \ -memoryPercentage 20 \

-sampleSchema true \ -emConfiguration NONE \

-continueOnNonFatalErrors false

47 Lab 7.2 – Oracle Database

(48)

Lab 8 – RAC + Data Guard

Hands On !

(49)

49 Lab 8.1 – Data Guard

Nas máquinas

nerv01

,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, deixe o tnsnames do ORACLE_HOME

como abaixo.

PROD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac01-scan.localdomain)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL) ) ) DR = (DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nerv11.localdomain)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = DR) ) )

49

(50)

50 Lab 8.2 – Data Guard

Nas máquinas

nerv01

,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, acrescente as linhas abaixo no final do

arquivo $GRID_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora.

SID_LIST_LISTENER= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC= (GLOBAL_DBNAME=ORCL_DGMGRL) (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1) (SID_NAME=ORCL1) ) )

Nas máquinas

nerv01

,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, teste a nova configuração do LISTENER.

$ export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME

$ $GRID_HOME/bin/lsnrctl status

$ $GRID_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop

$ $GRID_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start

$ $GRID_HOME/bin/lsnrctl status

50

(51)

51 Lab 8.3 – Data Guard

Na máquina

nerv01

, habilite os pré-requisitos do Data Guard.

$ export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4/db_1 $ export ORACLE_SID=ORCL1

$ srvctl stop database -d ORCL

$ srvctl start instance -d ORCL -i ORCL1 -o mount $ sqlplus / AS SYSDBA

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST='+FRA'; SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE=10G; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING; SQL> ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK ON; SQL> EXIT;

$ srvctl stop database -d ORCL $ srvctl start database -d ORCL

Na máquina

nerv01

, altere a localização do SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE.

$ rman target /

RMAN> CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '+FRA/snapcf.f';

(52)

52 Lab 8.4 – Data Guard

Na máquina nerv01, crie um STANDBY CONTROLFILE.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS '/home/oracle/stb.ctl';

Na máquina nerv01, execute um Backup do Banco de Dados e Archives.

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE FORMAT '/home/oracle/Backup_Banco_%U.rman';

RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL FORMAT '/home/oracle/Backup_Archives_%U.rman';

Na máquina nerv01, copie o PASSWORD FILE para a máquina nerv11.

$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwORCL1 nerv11:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwORCL

Na máquina nerv01, copie o STANDBY CONTROLFILE para a máquina nerv11.

$ scp /home/oracle/stb.ctl nerv11:/home/oracle/

Na máquina nerv01, copie o BACKUP para a máquina nerv11.

$ scp /home/oracle/Backup_*.rman nerv11:/home/oracle/

(53)

53 Lab 8.5 – Data Guard

Na máquina nerv11, altere o parâmetro DB_UNIQUE_NAME.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_UNIQUE_NAME='DR' SCOPE=SPFILE; SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT;

Na máquina nerv11, restaure o CONTROLFILE.

RMAN> RESTORE CONTROLFILE FROM '/home/oracle/stb.ctl'; SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT STANDBY DATABASE;

Na máquina nerv11, corrija os metadados do RMAN.

RMAN> CROSSCHECK BACKUP;

RMAN> CROSSCHECK ARCHIVELOG ALL;

RMAN> DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED BACKUP;

RMAN> DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED ARCHIVELOG ALL; RMAN> CATALOG START WITH '/home/oracle/Backup';

Na máquina nerv11, restaure o banco de dados.

RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE; RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE;

(54)

54 Lab 8.6 – Data Guard

Teste o

Na máquina nerv11, habilite os pré-requisitos do Data Guard.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST='+FRA'; SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE=10G; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK ON;

Na máquina nerv01, configure o Data Guard Broker.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILE1 = '+FRA/DR1.DAT' SCOPE=BOTH; SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILE2 = '+FRA/DR2.DAT' SCOPE=BOTH;

Teste a resolução de nomes (ping) entre as três máquinas.

Teste a configuração SQL*Net (tnsping) entre as três máquinas. Teste a autenticação via PASSWORD FILE entre as três máquinas.

[oracle@nerv01 ~]$ sqlplus SYS/Nerv2014@DR AS SYSDBA [oracle@nerv02 ~]$ sqlplus SYS/Nerv2014@DR AS SYSDBA [oracle@nerv11 ~]$ sqlplus SYS/Nerv2014@PROD AS SYSDBA

Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv11, inicie o Data Guard Broker.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DG_BROKER_START=TRUE;

(55)

55 Lab 8.7 – Data Guard

Teste o

Na máquina nerv01, crie a configuração do Data Guard Broker.

$ dgmgrl SYS/Nerv2014@PROD

DGMGRL> CREATE CONFIGURATION 'DRSolution' AS PRIMARY DATABASE IS ORCL CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS PROD;

Na máquina nerv01, adicione a máquina nerv11 na configuração.

DGMGRL> ADD DATABASE DR AS CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS DR;

Na máquina nerv01, habilite a configuração.

DGMGRL> SHOW CONFIGURATION; DGMGRL> ENABLE CONFIGURATION; DGMGRL> SHOW CONFIGURATION;

Nas três máquinas, acompanhe o Alert Log.

(56)

56 Lab 8.8 – Data Guard

Teste o

Na máquina nerv11, crie STANDBY LOGFILEs.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

Nas máquina nerv01 crie STANDBY LOGFILEs.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2;

(57)

Na máquina nerv01, verifique detalhes de um banco de dados.

DGMGRL> SHOW DATABASE VERBOSE ORCL;

DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE ORCL SET PROPERTY 'ArchiveLagTarget'=600;

DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE ORCL SET PROPERTY 'StandbyFileManagement'=AUTO; DGMGRL> SHOW DATABASE ORCL 'ArchiveLagTarget';

DGMGRL> SHOW DATABASE ORCL 'StandbyFileManagement';

Na máquina nerv01, altere o Protection Mode.

DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE ORCL SET PROPERTY 'LogXptMode'='SYNC'; DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE DR SET PROPERTY 'LogXptMode'='SYNC';

DGMGRL> EDIT CONFIGURATION SET PROTECTION MODE AS MAXAVAILABILITY;

Na máquina nerv01, verifique se o Protection Mode foi alterado.

DGMGRL> SHOW CONFIGURATION;

DGMGRL> SHOW DATABASE VERBOSE ORCL; DGMGRL> SHOW DATABASE VERBOSE DR;

DGMGRL> SHOW INSTANCE VERBOSE “ORCL1” ON DATABASE ORCL; DGMGRL> SHOW INSTANCE VERBOSE “ORCL2” ON DATABASE ORCL; DGMGRL> SHOW INSTANCE VERBOSE “ORCL” ON DATABASE DR;

Lab 8.9 – Data Guard

(58)

Na máquina

nerv01

, execute SWITCHOVER para a máquina

nerv11

, sempre

acompanhando os Alert Logs.

DGMGRL> SHOW CONFIGURATION; DGMGRL> SWITCHOVER TO DR;

Na máquina

nerv11

, execute SWITCHBACK para a máquina

nerv01

, sempre

acompanhando os Alert Logs.

DGMGRL> SHOW CONFIGURATION; DGMGRL> SWITCHOVER TO ORCL;

Lab 8.10 – Data Guard

(59)

Desligue as máquinas

nerv01

e

nerv02

.

Execute FAILOVER para a máquina

nerv11

.

$ dgmgrl SYS/Nerv2014@DR DGMGRL> FAILOVER TO DR;

DGMGRL> SHOW CONFIGURATION;

Ligue as máquinas

nerv01

e

nerv02

, e na máquina

nerv11

, execute o REISNTATE.

DGMGRL> REINSTATE DATABASE ORCL;

Na máquina

nerv11

, execute o SWITCHOVER.

DGMGRL> SWITCHOVER TO ORCL;

Lab 8.11 – Data Guard

(60)

Lab 9 – Fast-Start Failover

Hands On !

(61)

Lights out administration

(62)

Na máquina nerv01, configure o Fast-Start Failover.

DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE ORCL SET PROPERTY 'LogXptMode'='SYNC'; DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE DR SET PROPERTY 'LogXptMode'='SYNC';

DGMGRL> EDIT CONFIGURATION SET PROTECTION MODE AS MAXAVAILABILITY; DGMGRL> EDIT CONFIGURATION SET PROPERTY FastStartFailoverLagLimit=600; DGMGRL> EDIT CONFIGURATION SET PROPERTY FastStartFailoverThreshold = 30;

DGMGRL> EDIT CONFIGURATION SET PROPERTY FastStartFailoverAutoReinstate = TRUE; DGMGRL> EDIT CONFIGURATION SET PROPERTY FastStartFailoverPmyShutdown = TRUE; DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE ORCL SET PROPERTY FastStartFailoverTarget=DR;

DGMGRL> ENABLE FAST_START FAILOVER; DGMGRL> SHOW CONFIGURATION;

DGMGRL> SHOW FAST_START FAILOVER;

Lab 9.1: Fast-Start Failover

(63)

Na máquina nerv15, inicie o observador.

$ cd /home/oracle/dba01

$ dgmgrl -logfile /home/oracle/dba01/dba01.log SYS/Nerv2014@DR_RAC01

DGMGRL> START OBSERVER;

Desligue as máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, e aguarde o FAILOVER. Ligue as máquinas nerv01 e nerv02.

Aguarde o REINSTATE. Execute o SWITCHOVER.

Lab 9.2: Fast-Start Failover

(64)

Na máquina

nerv01

, crie dois Services como abaixo.

$GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl add service -d ORCL -r ORCL1,ORCL2 -s OLTP -l PRIMARY -w 1 -z 10 $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl add service -d ORCL -r ORCL1,ORCL2 -s OLAP -l PHYSICAL_STANDBY -w 1 -z 10

Na máquina

nerv11

, crie dois Services como abaixo.

$GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl add service -d ORCL -s OLTP -l PRIMARY -w 1 -z 10

$GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl add service -d ORCL -s OLAP -l PHYSICAL_STANDBY -w 1 -z 10

Na máquina

nerv01

, inicie os dois Services.

$GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl start service -d ORCL -s OLTP $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl start service -d ORCL -s OLAP

Na máquina

nerv01

, gere alguns Archived Redo Logs e espere replicar para o DR.

Na máquina

nerv01

, pare o Service OLAP.

$GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl stop service -d ORCL -s OLAP

Na máquina

nerv11

, inicie o Service OLAP.

$GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl start service -d ORCL -s OLAP

Lab 9.3: Fast-Start Failover

(65)

Lab 9.4: Fast-Start Failover

Na máquina nerv15, adicione estas duas entradas ao tnsnames.ora, e teste sua conexão após um novo Failover. OLTP_RAC01 = (DESCRIPTION= (LOAD_BALANCE=OFF) (FAILOVER=ON) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rac01-scan)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=nerv11)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=OLTP)) ) OLAP_RAC01 = (DESCRIPTION= (LOAD_BALANCE=OFF) (FAILOVER=ON) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=nerv11)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rac01-scan)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=OLAP)) )

65

(66)

Lab 10 – ACFS

Hands On !

(67)

• Mirroring

• Stripping

• Replicação

• Snapshots

• Alta Disponibilidade

Vantagens ACFS

67

(68)

• Produto recente (11gR2)

• Instalação complexa

• Dependência do Kernel

• Depêndencia dos componentes do Grid Infrastructure

• Ainda não suportado pelo UEK 3

Bug ID 16318126

Oracle ASM Cluster File System (ACFS) is currently not supported for use with UEK R3.

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E37670_01/E51472/E51472.pdf

Desvantagens ACFS

(69)

Na máquina nerv09, crie 1 diretório.

# mkdir /shared_ogg

Na máquina nerv09, adicionar no arquivo /etc/exports:

/shared_ogg *(rw,sync,no_wdelay,insecure_locks,no_root_squash)

Na máquina nerv09, reiniciar o NFS Server:

# service nfs restart

Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, adicionar no arquivo /etc/fstab a linha abaixo. nerv09:/shared_ogg /u01/shared_ogg nfs

rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=600,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,actimeo=0 0 0

Na máquina nerv01, executar:

# mkdir /u01/shared_ogg # mount /u01/shared_ogg

# mkdir /u01/shared_ogg/rac01

# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/shared_ogg/rac01 Na máquina nerv02, executar:

# mkdir /u01/shared_ogg # mount /u01/shared_ogg

69 Lab 10.1: NFS

(70)

Lab 11 – Golden Gate Unidirecional

Hands On !

(71)

Lab 11.1: Golden Gate Unidirecional

Na máquina nerv11, crie um novo banco de dados.

$ export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4/db_1

$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \ -gdbName BI -sid BI \

-sysPassword Nerv2014 -systemPassword Nerv2014 \ -storageType ASM -asmsnmpPassword Nerv2014 \ -diskGroupName DATA -recoveryAreaDestination FRA \ -nodelist nerv11 \

-characterSet WE8IS08859P15 -listeners LISTENER \

-memoryPercentage 20 -sampleSchema true -emConfiguration NONE \ -continueOnNonFatalErrors false

Na máquina nerv11, coloque o banco BI em modo ARCHIVELOG.

export ORACLE_SID=BI

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE; SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST='+FRA'; SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE=10G; SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

(72)

Lab 11.2: Golden Gate Unidirecional

Na máquina nerv01, instale o Golden Gate.

$ cd /home/oracle

$ unzip 121200_fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_shiphome.zip

$ cd /home/oracle/fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_shiphome/Disk1/

$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/ogg_nerv01.rsp

Na máquina nerv11, instale o Golden Gate.

$ cd /home/oracle

$ unzip 121200_fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_shiphome.zip

$ cd /home/ora5cle/fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_shiphome/Disk1/

$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/ogg_nerv11.rsp

Na máquina nerv01, verifique se o MANAGER está em funcionamento.

cd /u01/shared_ogg/rac01

$ ./ggsci

GGSCI> info all

Na máquina nerv11, verifique se o MANAGER está em funcionamento.

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/ogg $ ./ggsci

GGSCI> info all

(73)

Lab 11.3: Golden Gate Unidirecional

Na máquina nerv01, habilite os pré-requisitos do Golden Gate.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENABLE_GOLDENGATE_REPLICATION=TRUE; SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET RECYCLEBIN=OFF SCOPE=SPFILE;

$GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl stop database -d ORCL; $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl start database -d ORCL

Na máquina nerv01, crie o usuário para o Golden Gate.

cd /u01/shared_ogg/rac01/

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus / AS SYSDBA SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE OGG;

SQL> CREATE USER OGG IDENTIFIED BY Nerv2014 DEFAULT TABLESPACE OGG TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP;

SQL> GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE, UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO OGG; SQL> GRANT EXECUTE ON UTL_FILE TO OGG;

@marker_setup.sql OGG <enter> @ddl_setup.sql OGG <enter> @role_setup.sql OGG <enter> @ddl_enable.sql

73

(74)

Lab 11.4: Golden Gate Unidirecional

Na máquina nerv11, habilite os pré-requisitos do Golden Gate.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENABLE_GOLDENGATE_REPLICATION=TRUE; SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET RECYCLEBIN=OFF SCOPE=SPFILE;

$GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl stop database -d BI; $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl start database -d BI

Na máquina nerv11, crie o usuário para o Golden Gate.

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/ogg export ORACLE_SID=BI

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus / AS SYSDBA SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE OGG;

SQL> CREATE USER OGG IDENTIFIED BY Nerv2014 DEFAULT TABLESPACE OGG TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP;

SQL> GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE, UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO OGG; SQL> GRANT EXECUTE ON UTL_FILE TO OGG;

@marker_setup.sql OGG <enter> @ddl_setup.sql OGG <enter> @role_setup.sql OGG <enter> @ddl_enable.sql

74

(75)

Lab 11.5: Golden Gate Unidirecional

Na máquina nerv01, adicione o processo EXTRACT.

GGSCI> add extract ext1, tranlog, THREADS 2, begin now

GGSCI> add exttrail /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/ogg/dirdat/lt, extract ext1

Na máquina nerv01, edite o arquivo de parâmetros do processo EXTRACT.

GGSCI> edit params ext1 extract ext1

userid OGG@ORCL, password Nerv2014 rmthost nerv11, mgrport 7809

rmttrail /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/ogg/dirdat/lt

TRANLOGOPTIONS EXCLUDEUSER OGG ASMUSER SYS@ASM, ASMPASSWORD Nerv2014 ddl include mapped objname SCOTT.*;

table SCOTT.*;

(76)

Lab 11.6: Golden Gate Unidirecional

Na máquina nerv11, edite o arquivo de parâmetros GLOBAL.

GGSCI> edit params ./GLOBAL

GGSCHEMA OGG CHECKPOINTTABLE OGG.checkpoint

Na máquina nerv11, crie a tabela de CHECKPOINT.

GGSCI> dblogin userid OGG Nerv2014 <enter>

GGSCI> add checkpointtable OGG.checkpoint

Na máquina nerv11, adicione o processo REPLICAT.

GGSCI> add replicat rep1, exttrail /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/ogg/dirdat/lt, checkpointtable OGG.checkpoint

Na máquinas nerv11, edite o arquivo de parâmetros do processo REPLICAT.

GGSCI> edit params rep1 replicat rep1

ASSUMETARGETDEFS

userid OGG@BI, password Nerv2014

discardfile /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/ogg/dircrd/rep1_discard.txt, append, megabytes 10 DDL

map SCOTT.*, target SCOTT.*;

(77)

Lab 11.7: Golden Gate Unidirecional

Nas máquinas nerv01, nerv02 e nerv11, adicione o ASM ao tnsnames.ora do ORACLE_HOME.

ASM =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nerv01.localdomain)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = +ASM) )

)

Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv11, habilite o usuário SCOTT.

SQL> ALTER USER SCOTT IDENTIFIED BY TIGER ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

(78)

Lab 11.8: Golden Gate Unidirecional

Na máquina nerv01, inicie o processo EXTRACT.

GGSCI> info all

GGSCI> start extract ext1 GGSCI> info all

Na máquina nerv11, inicie o processo REPLICAT.

GGSCI> info all

GGSCI> start replicat rep1 GGSCI> info all

Na máquina nerv01, acompanhe o log de erros.

$ tail -f /u01/shared_ogg/rac01/ggserr.log

$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/ogg/ggserr.log

Teste a replicação de dados do usuário SCOTT entre as máquinas nerv01 e nerv11. Teste a replicação de dados do usuário SCOTT entre as máquinas nerv02 e nerv11.

(79)

Lab 12 – Golden Gate Bidirecional

Hands On !

(80)

Lab 12.1: Golden Gate Bidirecional

Na máquina nerv11, verifique se o MANAGER e o REPLICAT estão em funcionamento.

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/ogg $ ./ggsci

GGSCI> info all

Na máquina nerv11, adicione o processo EXTRACT.

GGSCI> add extract ext2, tranlog, THREADS 1, begin now

GGSCI> add exttrail /u01/shared_ogg/rac01/dirdat/lt, extract ext2

Na máquina nerv11, edite o arquivo de parâmetros do processo EXTRACT.

GGSCI> edit params ext2 extract ext2

userid OGG@BI, password Nerv2014 rmthost nerv01-vip, mgrport 7809

TRANLOGOPTIONS EXCLUDEUSER OGG ASMUSER SYS@ASM, ASMPASSWORD Nerv2014 rmttrail /u01/shared_ogg/rac01/dirdat/lt

ddl include mapped objname SCOTT.*; table SCOTT.*;

(81)

Lab 12.2: Golden Gate Bidirecional

Na máquina nerv01, edite o arquivo de parâmetros GLOBAL.

GGSCI> edit params ./GLOBAL

GGSCHEMA OGG CHECKPOINTTABLE OGG.checkpoint

Na máquina nerv01, crie a tabela de CHECKPOINT.

GGSCI> dblogin userid OGG Nerv2014 <enter>

GGSCI> add checkpointtable OGG.checkpoint

Na máquina nerv01, adicione o processo REPLICAT.

GGSCI> add replicat rep2, exttrail /u01/shared_ogg/rac01/dirdat/lt, checkpointtable OGG.checkpoint

Na máquinas nerv01, edite o arquivo de parâmetros do processo REPLICAT.

GGSCI> edit params rep2 replicat rep2

ASSUMETARGETDEFS

userid OGG@ORCL, password Nerv2014

discardfile /u01/shared_ogg/rac01/dircrd/rep1_discard.txt, append, megabytes 10 DDL

map SCOTT.*, target SCOTT.*;

(82)

Lab 12.3: Golden Gate Bidirecional

Na máquina nerv11, inicie o processo EXTRACT.

GGSCI> info all

GGSCI> start extract ext2 GGSCI> info all

Na máquina nerv01, inicie o processo REPLICAT.

GGSCI> info all

GGSCI> start replicat rep2 GGSCI> info all

$ tail -f /u01/shared_ogg/rac01/ggserr.log

$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/ogg/ggserr.log

Teste a replicação de dados do usuário SCOTT entre as máquinas nerv01 e nerv11. Teste a replicação de dados do usuário SCOTT entre as máquinas nerv02 e nerv11. Teste a replicação de dados do usuário SCOTT entre as máquinas nerv11 e nerv01.

(83)

Lab 13 – Golden Gate High Availability

Hands On !

(84)

84 Lab 13.1: Golden Gate HA

Na máquina nerv01, crie um VIP e um Resource para o Golden Gate.

# /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/appvipcfg create -network=1 -ip=192.168.0.141 -vipname=rac01 -ogg-vip -user=root

# /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/crsctl start resource rac01-ogg-vip -n nerv01

# vi /u01/shared_ogg/rac01/ogg_action.sh

# chmod +x /u01/shared_ogg/rac01/ogg_action.sh

# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/shared_ogg/rac01/ogg_action.sh

# /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/crsctl add resource ogg -type cluster_resource -attr

"ACTION_SCRIPT=/u01/shared_ogg/rac01/ogg_action.sh, CHECK_INTERVAL=30, START_DEPENDENCIES='hard(rac01-ogg-vip,ora.orcl.db) pullup(rac01-ogg-vip)', STOP_DEPENDENCIES='hard(rac01-ogg-vip)'"

# /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/crsctl setperm resource rac01-ogg-vip -u user:oracle:r-x # /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/crsctl setperm resource ogg -o oracle

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85 Lab 13.2: Golden Gate HA

Na máquina nerv01, verifique e inicie o Resource do Golden Gate.

$ $GRID_HOME/bin/crsctl status res -t $ $GRID_HOME/bin/crsctl stop res ogg $ $GRID_HOME/bin/crsctl status res -t $ $GRID_HOME/bin/crsctl start res ogg

Reinicie a máquina nerv01, e verifique se o Golden Gate é iniciado na máquina nerv02.

(86)

Lab 14 – RAC Extended

Hands On !

(87)

87 Lab 14.0: RAC Extended

Na máquina nerv01, desabilite a replicação via Data Guard.

DGMGRL> DISABLE FAST_START FAILOVER;

DGMGRL> EDIT CONFIGURATION SET PROTECTION MODE AS MAXPERFORMANCE; DGMGRL> REMOVE CONFIGURATION;

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DG_BROKER_START=FALSE;

Na máquina nerv01, desabilite a replicação via Golden Gate.

# /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/crsctl stop resource ogg # /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/crsctl delete resource ogg

# /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/crsctl stop resource rac01-ogg-vip

# /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/appvipcfg delete -vipname=rac01-ogg-vip

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88 Lab 14.1: RAC Extended

Na máquina nerv11, execute novamente o Lab 1 e 2.

Na máquina nerv10, apague o conteúdo dos discos iSCSI.

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda5 bs=512 count=10000

Na máquina nerv09, altere o Servidor iSCSI para permitir acesso aos discos para a máquina

nerv11.

# cat /etc/tgt/targets.conf

<target iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-01> backing-store /dev/sda5 initiator-address 192.168.0.101 initiator-address 192.168.0.102 initiator-address 192.168.0.121 </target> ... # service tgtd restart

Também na máquina nerv10, altere o Servidor iSCSI para permitir acesso aos discos para as máquinas nerv01 e nerv02.

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89 Lab 14.2: RAC Extended

Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, verifique os Discos exportados no

Storage.

# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.0.202

# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm11-01 -p 192.168.0.202 -l # iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm11-02 -p 192.168.0.202 -l # iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm11-03 -p 192.168.0.202 -l # iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm11-04 -p 192.168.0.202 -l # iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.0.201

# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-01 -p 192.168.0.201 -l # iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-02 -p 192.168.0.201 -l # iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-03 -p 192.168.0.201 -l # iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-04 -p 192.168.0.201 -l

Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, adicione os novos discos no arquivo

/etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi.

... InitiatorName=iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm11-01 InitiatorName=iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm11-02 InitiatorName=iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm11-03 InitiatorName=iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm11-04

89

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90 Lab 14.3: RAC Extended

Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, verifique se os discos foram

configurados localmente.

# fdisk -l

Na máquina

nerv01

, particione os novos discos.

# fdisk /dev/sdf (e sdg, sdh, sdi) n <enter> p <enter> 1 <enter> <enter> <enter> w <enter>

90

(91)

91 Lab 14.4: RAC Extended

Nas máquinas

nerv02

e

nerv11

, execute a detecção dos novos discos.

# partprobe /dev/sdb # partprobe /dev/sdc # partprobe /dev/sdd # partprobe /dev/sde # partprobe /dev/sdf # partprobe /dev/sdg # partprobe /dev/sdh # partprobe /dev/sdi

Na máquinas

nerv11

, configure a ASMLib.

# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure oracle <enter> oinstall <enter> y <enter> y <enter> # /etc/init.d/oracleasm status

91

(92)

Na máquina

nerv01

, crie os novos discos do ASM.

# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK04 /dev/sdf1 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK05 /dev/sdg1 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK06 /dev/sdh1 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK07 /dev/sdi1

Nas máquinas

nerv02 e nerv11

, execute a detecção dos discos criados.

# /etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks

Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, verifique se os discos estão corretos.

# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks

# /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk -v -p DISK04 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk -v -p DISK05 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk -v -p DISK06 # /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk -v -p DISK07

Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, verifique se os discos estão corretos.

# ls -lh /dev/oracleasm/disks/

brw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 8, 17 Mar 3 08:40 DISK00 brw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 8, 33 Mar 3 08:40 DISK01

...

92 Lab 14.5: RAC Extended

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93 Lab 14.6: RAC Extended

Na máquina

nerv11

, adicionar no arquivo /etc/fstab as TRÊS linhas abaixo.

nerv09:/shared_config01 /u01/shared_config01 nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=600,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,actimeo=0,noac 0 0 nerv09:/shared_config02 /u01/shared_config02 nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=600,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,actimeo=0,noac 0 0 nerv09:/shared_config03 /u01/shared_config03 nfs rw,bg,hard,nointr,tcp,vers=3,timeo=600,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,actimeo=0,noac 0 0

Na máquinas

nerv11

, executar:

# mount /u01/shared_config01 # mount /u01/shared_config02 # mount /u01/shared_config03

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Nas máquinas

nerv01,

nerv02

e

nerv11

, remova a pasta /home/oracle/.ssh.

$ rm -rf .ssh

Na máquina

nerv01

, configure o SSH sem senha.

[oracle@nerv01 ~]$ ssh oracle@nerv02 mkdir -p .ssh [oracle@nerv01 ~]$ ssh oracle@nerv11 mkdir -p .ssh

[oracle@nerv01 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh oracle@nerv01 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys' [oracle@nerv01 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh oracle@nerv02 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys' [oracle@nerv01 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh oracle@nerv11 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'

94 Lab 14.7: RAC Extended

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Na máquina

nerv02

, configure o SSH sem senha.

95 Lab 14.8: RAC Extended

(96)

Na máquina

nerv11

, configure o SSH sem senha.

96 Lab 14.9: RAC Extended

(97)

Na máquina

nerv01

, execute a instalação do Grid na máquina

nerv11

.

$ cd $GRID_HOME/oui/bin

$ ./addNode.sh -silent “CLUSTER_NEW_NODES={nerv11}” “CLUSTER_NEW_VIRTUAL_HOSTNAMES={nerv11-vip}”

Na máquina

nerv11

, com o usuário root, execute os seguintes scripts.

Na máquina

nerv01

, execute instalação do Oracle na máquina

nerv11

.

$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/oui/bin

$ ./addNode.sh -silent "CLUSTER_NEW_NODES={nerv11}"

Na máquina

nerv11

, com o usuário root, execute o script abaixo.

Na máquina

nerv01

, execute a adição da instância.

$ $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl add instance -d ORCL -i ORCL3 -n nerv11

97 Lab 14.10: RAC Extended

(98)

Na máquina

nerv01

, conclua a adição do nó.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET INSTANCE_NUMBER=3 SID='ORCL3' SCOPE=SPFILE; SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 3;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 3; SQL> CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS3;

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET UNDO_TABLESPACE=UNDOTBS3 SID='ORCL3' SCOPE=SPFILE; $ $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl start instance -d ORCL -i ORCL3

98 Lab 14.11: RAC Extended

(99)

Na máquina nerv01, faça a preparação para a criação dos novos FAILGROUPs.

$ export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4/db_1 $ export ORACLE_SID=ORCL1

RMAN> DELETE NOPROMPT ARCHIVELOG ALL; $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl stop database -d ORCL $ export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME

$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ASM_POWER_LIMIT = 11;

SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DATA REBALANCE POWER 11; SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP FRA REBALANCE POWER 11;

99 Lab 14.12: RAC Extended

(100)

Na máquina nerv01, crie os novos FAILGROUPs.

SQL> SELECT GROUP_NUMBER, PATH, NAME, FAILGROUP FROM V$ASM_DISK ORDER BY 1,2;

SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DATA ADD FAILGROUP FAILGROUPB DISK '/dev/oracleasm/disks/DISK04' NAME DATA_0004;

SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DATA ADD FAILGROUP FAILGROUPA DISK '/dev/oracleasm/disks/DISK05' NAME DATA_0005;

SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DATA DROP DISK DATA_0000; SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DATA DROP DISK DATA_0001; SQL> SELECT * FROM V$ASM_OPERATION;

SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DATA DROP DISK DATA_0005;

SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DATA ADD FAILGROUP FAILGROUPB DISK '/dev/oracleasm/disks/DISK05' NAME DATA_0005;

SQL> SELECT GROUP_NUMBER, PATH, NAME, FAILGROUP FROM V$ASM_DISK ORDER BY 1,2;