Book of Abstracts
Ibérica (EZI2017)
5ª Reunião Científica
de Arqueomalacologia
da Península Ibérica (5RCAPI)
26-29 April 2017
Faro – Portugal
Edited by
Maria João Valente
Cláudia Costa
Encontro de Zooarqueologia Ibérica (EZI2017) e
5ª edição da Reunião Científica
de Arqueomalacologia Ibérica (5RCAPI)
Iberian Zooarchaeology Meeting 2017 (EZI2017) and
5th Iberian Peninsula Archaeomalacology
Scientific Meeting (5RCAPI)
26–29 April 2017, Faro – Portugal
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Edited by:
Maria João Valente, Cláudia Costa & Cleia Detry
Hosted by the Universidade do Algarve
ISBN 978-989-8859-11-2 (paper)
ISBN 978-989-8859-12-9 (pdf)
Book of Abstracts of the Encontro de Zooarqueologia Ibérica 2017 (EZI2017) and 5ª Reunião
Científica de Arqueomalacologia da Península Ibérica (5RCAPI). 26-29 April 2017, Faro – Portugal
Edited by Maria João Valente, Cláudia Costa & Cleia Detry
ISBN (paper) 978-989-8859-11-2
ISBN (pdf)
978-989-8859-12-9
© Universidade do Algarve
Table of Contents
Organisation ... 2 Welcome ... 3 Boas-vindas ... 4 Schedule summary ... 5 KEYNOTES ... 6
Archeozoology: the dialogue between natural and human sciences (by Marta Moreno García) ... 6
The development of Iberian archaeozoology (1975–2016). Reflections of a personal experience (by Arturo Morales Muñiz) ... 6
EZI2017 ORAL SESSIONS ... 7
Wednesday, 26 April ... 8
SESSION E1: Small prey in Iberian Paleolithic ... 8
SESSION E2: Crossroads in zooarchaeology: environment and hunter-gatherers during the Late Pleistocene– Early Holocene ... 9
SESSION E3: Issues in neolithic zooarchaeology: from domestication to taphonomy ... 11
SESSION E4: Miscellaneous topics in (Iberian) zooarchaeology ... 13
Thursday, 27 April ... 16
SESSION E5: Animal husbandry from the Chalcolitic to the Iron Age ... 16
SESSION E6: Funerary practices and zooarchaeology from Late Prehistory to the Iron Age ... 19
SESSION E7: Animal management during the Roman period and Late Antiquity ... 21
SESSION E8: Different paths in the usage of animal resources in Medieval Times ... 24
Friday, 28 April ... 26
SESSION E9: Eclectic studies: isotopes, ichtio- and herpetofauna ... 26
5RCAPI ORAL SESSIONS ... 28
Friday, 28 April ... 29
SESSION R1: Mussels in Iberian archaeomalacology ... 29
Saturday, 29 April ... 31
SESSION R2: Molluscs and crabs in prehistoric times: food resources and paleoenvironmental indicators ... 31
SESSION R3: Shells as prehistoric ornaments: choices and techniques ... 33
SESSION R4: Shellfishing on the distant shores of Brazil ... 35
SESSION R5: Bronze Age to Early Roman Period: variance in mollusc usage in Iberia ... 36
SESSION R6: Archaeomalacology from later historic periods (Late Roman to Modern Age): food resources and (paleo)ecological utility ... 38
JOINT POSTER SESSION (Friday, April 28th) ... 40
SESSION EP: Posters EZI2017 ... 41
SESSION RP: Posters 5RCAPI ... 54
Author Index ... 56
Organisation
Organising Commission
– Maria João Valente, Universidade do Algarve, CEAACP – Cláudia Costa, Universidade do Algarve, ICArEHB – Cleia Detry, Universidade de Lisboa, Uniarq
Secretariat
– Francisco Rosa Correia, Universidade do Algarve – Frederico Táta Regala, Universidade do Algarve, ICArEHB – Humberto Veríssimo, Universidade do Algarve
– Lino André, Universidade do Algarve, ICArEHB – Patrícia Aleixo, Universidade do Algarve – Pedro Fernandes, Universidade do Algarve, NAP – Rute Branco, Universidade do Algarve, NAP – Vera Pereira, Universidade de Coimbra, CEAACP
Scientific Commission EZI2017
– Arturo Morales Muñiz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) – Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez, Universidad de León (Spain) – Carlos Pimenta, DGPC – Laboratório de Arqueociências (Portugal)
– Corina Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) – Jean-Philip Brugal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) – João Luís Cardoso, Universidade Aberta (Portugal)
– Jordi Nadal Lorenzo, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)
– José Antonio Riquelme Cantal, Universidad de Córdoba (Spain) – Juan Carlos Díez Fernández-Lomana, Universidad de Burgos (Spain) – Manuel Pérez Ripoll, Universitat de València (Spain)
– Marta Moreno García, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Spain) – Pedro Maria Castaños Ugarte, Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi (Spain) – Simon Davis, DGPC – Laboratório de Arqueociências (Portugal) – Sónia Gabriel, DGPC – Laboratório de Arqueociências (Portugal)
Scientific Commission 5RCAPI
– André Carlo Colonese, University of York (United Kingdom) – Arturo Morales Muñiz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) – Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez, Universidad de León (Spain)
– David Cuenca Solana, Universidad de Cantabria (Spain) / Université de Rennes (France) – Darío Bernal-Casacola, Universidad de Cádiz (Spain)
– Igor Gutíerrez-Zugasti, Universidad de Cantabria (Spain) – João Paulo Cabral, Universidade do Porto (Portugal) – Pedro Callapez, Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)
Welcome
On behalf of the organisation of the Encontro de Zooarqueologia Ibérica 2017 (EZI2017) and 5ª Reunião Científica de Arqueomalacologia da Península Ibérica (5RCAPI), and of Universidade do Algarve, we welcome you to Faro and Campus of Gambelas.
The Universidade do Algarve (UAlg) was founded in 1979 from the union of two pre-existing institutions: the Universidade do Algarve and the Instituto Politécnico de Faro. Today the university is home to 9,000 students from more than 80 nations, as well as 700 professors and researchers. It is a growing institution, continually offering more educational opportunities and research programs, and seeking new partnerships with enterprises and the communities it serves.
Archaeology has been at the heart of UAlg’s core since its foundation and is currently part of the Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais. For the last fifteen years, one of its main research and teaching disciplines has been zooarchaeology.
In that same time, Iberia has seen an exponential increase in scientists dedicated to zooarchaeology. Their numbers and the diversity and richness of their work prompted us to organise these meetings: EZI, created anew; and RCAPI, now in its fifth edition and the first to be held in Portugal. Our efforts are shared by three Portuguese Research & Development Units in archaeology—CEAACP1, ICArEHB2 and UNIARQ3—in a joint
effort to promote the discipline, exchange data, and establish working networks between Portugal and Spain. It is our firm belief that borders should not slow down scientific activity.
Scientific events provide the opportunity not only to meet other scientists, but also to enjoy the spirit of the hosting region. Algarve is known for its warm, welcoming weather and environment, as well as for being a land of mixed cultures and civilisations thanks to the fruitful blend of the Atlantic and Mediterranean worlds.
We are extremely honoured to have our neighbouring municipalities, Faro and Loulé, as supporters to these meetings. Our gratitude is also extended to the Associação Arqueológica do Algarve, the Campo Arqueológico de Mértola and the Direção-Regional de Cultura do Algarve. With them we share a long tradition of nourishing our cultural heritage. Finally, our thanks to the other generous sponsors spanning local, national and international enterprises.
Our greatest hope is that these meetings and the experiences they provide will improve our science, create new partnerships, and inspire others to organise follow-up events.
Enjoy Algarve,
Maria João Valente, Cláudia Costa & Cleia Detry Organising Commission
1 CEAACP — Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património. 2 ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Center of Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour. 3 UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa.
Due to excellent submissions, we have been able to put together an exceptional scientific program that highlights the current state of knowledge in Iberian zooarchaeology. The program comprises 15 oral sessions (nine in EZI2017 and six in 5RCAPI), two keynotes by invitation, 73 general presentations, and 38 posters in a shared session. Their topics cover a long timeframe, from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Modern Period, and develop many subjects including dietary trends, palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic issues, funerary settings, animal management, and the usage of animal products as tools and ornaments.
Boas-vindas
Em nome da organização do Encontro de Zooarqueologia Ibérica (EZI2017) e da 5ª edição da Reunião Científica de Arqueomalacologia da Península Ibérica (5RCAPI), bem como da Universidade do Algarve, damos-vos as boas-vindas a Faro e ao Campus de Gambelas.
A Universidade do Algarve (UAlg) foi fundada em 1979, como resultado da união de duas instituições preexistentes: a Universidade do Algarve e o Instituto Politécnico de Faro. Atualmente a universidade é composta por 9.000 alunos de mais de 80 nacionalidades, bem como 700 docentes e investigadores. É uma instituição em crescimento, oferecendo mais oportunidades educacionais e de investigação, bem como procurando novas parcerias com empresas e com as comunidades que serve.
A arqueologia tem sido parte da Universidade do Algarve desde a sua fundação e, atualmente, está incluída na Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais. Durante os últimos 15 anos, uma das suas principais áreas de investigação e ensino tem sido a zooarqueologia.
Durante este mesmo período, os investigadores dedicados à zooarqueologia ibérica têm aumentado exponencialmente. O seu número e a diversidade e riqueza dos trabalhos, levou-nos a organizar estes encontros: o EZI, criado agora; e a RCAPI, que vai na sua quinta edição, a primeira ser realizada em Portugal. Os nossos esforços são partilhados por três Unidades de Investigação e Desenvolvimento portuguesas — CEAACP4, ICArEHB5 e UNIARQ6 — num esforço conjunto para promover a disciplina,
partilhar informação e estabelecer redes de trabalho entre Portugal e Espanha. É nossa firme convicção que as fronteiras não devem dificultar a atividade científica.
Os eventos científicos permitem não só conhecer outros colegas cientistas, mas também usufruir do espírito da região que os acolhe. O Algarve é conhecido pelo clima e ambiente temperados e acolhedores, bem como por ser uma terra onde, fruto da mistura do mundo Atlântico e Mediterrânico, se cruzam culturas e civilizações.
É com muita honra que temos Faro e Loulé, os nossos municípios vizinhos, como apoiantes destes encontros. Os nossos agradecimentos também se estendem à Associação Arqueológica do Algarve, ao Campo Arqueológico de Mértola e à Direção-Regional de Cultura do Algarve. Com eles partilhamos uma longa tradição na proteção do património cultural. Finalmente, um obrigada também aos generosos patrocinadores de empresas locais, nacionais e internacionais.
A nosso maior desejo é o de que estes encontros, e a experiência que providenciem, melhorem a nossa ciência, proporcionem novas parcerias, e inspirem outros a organizar eventos sequentes.
Desfrutem do Algarve,
Maria João Valente, Cláudia Costa & Cleia Detry Comissão Organizadora
4 CEAACP — Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património. 5 ICArEHB – Interdisciplinary Center of Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour. 6 UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa.
Graças às excelentes submissões, foi possível elaborar um programa científico excecional que demostra bem o corrente estado de conhecimentos da zooarqueologia ibérica. O programa inclui 15 sessões orais (nove no EZI2017 e seis no RCAPI), duas palestras por convite, 73 apresentação orais, e 38 pósteres em sessão conjunta. Os temas cobrem uma longa diacronia, desde o Paleolítico Médio à Época Moderna, e desenvolvem muitos assuntos incluindo as tendências alimentares, questões paleoecológicas e paleoclimáticas, contextos funerários, gestão animal, e o uso de produtos de origem animal como instrumentos e adornos.
Schedule Summary
Location
Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas. Auditorium of Faculdade de Economia (Auditório Vermelho).
Schedule
Wednesday, 26 April: EZI2017
08:30 Registration of the delegates
09:15 Opening ceremony (EZI2017), with the presence of:
– Rector of the Universidade do Algarve, Prof. Doutor António Branco
– Director of the Direção-Regional de Cultura do Algarve, Prof. Doutora Alexandra Gonçalves – Director of the Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Prof. Manuel Célio Conceição – Representative of the Organising Commission, Prof. Doutora Maria João Valente 09:45 Keynote by Marta Moreno García
10:15 EZI. Session 1 (E1)
Coffee-Break
11:30 EZI. Session 2 (E2) 13:00 Lunch
14:30 EZI. Session 3 (E3)
Coffee-Break
16:15 EZI. Session 4 (E4)
18:00 Trip to the Museum of Faro (by private bus) 19:00 Official Reception at the Museum of Faro
Thursday, 27 April: EZI2017
09:00 EZI. Session 5 (E5)
Coffee-Break
11:30 EZI. Session 6 (E6) 13:00 Lunch
14:30 EZI. Session 7 (E7)
Coffee-Break
17:00 EZI. Session 8 (E8) Schedule to end ca. 18:30
Friday, 28 April: joint day EZI2017 & 5RCAPI
09:00 EZI. Session 9 (E9) 10:30 EZI Closing (oral sessions)
Coffee-Break
11:15 5RCAPI Opening
11:30 Keynote by Arturo Morales Muñiz 12:00 RCAPI. Session 1 (R1)
13:15 Lunch
14:30 Joint Poster Sessions EZI2017 & 5RCAPI (EP & RP) (with hors d'oeuvre and wine tasting) 16:30 Trip to Loulé (by private bus)
17:30 Visit to Loulé Archaeological Museum and Islamic Baths 19:00 Official Dinner at the Market of Loulé
20:30-21:00 Return to Faro (by private bus, with stop at Campus de Gambelas and at Hotel Eva in Faro)
Saturday, 29 April: 5RCAPI
09:00 RCAPI. Session 2 (R2) Coffee-Break 11:30 RCAPI. Session 3 (R3) 13:15 Lunch 14:30 RCAPI. Session 4 (R4) 15:15 RCAPI. Session 5 (R5) Coffee-Break 16:45 RCAPI. Session 6 (R6) 18:00-18:30 5RCAPI Closing
KEYNOTES
APRIL 26TH, WEDNESDAY
ARCHAEOZOOLOGY: THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN NATURAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES
by Marta Moreno García [1]. Contact: marta.moreno@cchs.csic.es
[1] Instituto de Historia, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, CSIC – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ES.
Archaeozoology is an internationally recognized scientific discipline that nowadays is essential in archaeological research. Studying the multiple human-animal relationships is a key area of knowledge to understand the socioeconomic and cultural evolution of human communities in the past. But also and from the start, the contributions on the biogeography of animal species and their evolution or the environmental data that can be derived from these studies have been of great interest to the biological sciences. Recently, with the development of new analytical techniques, faunal assemblages are gaining a scientific leading role and as a result working approaches that seemed distant are becoming closer. However, the fast rhythm and the pressures on researchers to transfer and publish the results of their studies leave little room to debate if that integration means a real sharing of knowledge and aims. The increase in archaeozoological research experienced in the Iberian Peninsula offers a good start point to reflect on different issues related to this question. For example, does the application of new analytical methods guarantee quality of research production? Are interpretations overestimated against the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the materials under study? By comparing our results with trends and patterns from other geographical areas do not we tend to standardize the multiple biological and cultural realities that exist here? In short, I would like to call your attention to the need to have original research aims based on the scientific knowledge of both realities and in which the potentials and limitations of the analytical methodologies used are assessed with a more critical spirit.
APRIL 28TH, FRIDAY
THE DEVELOPMENT OF IBERIAN ARCHAEOZOOLOGY (1975-2016): REFLECTIONS OF A
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
by Arturo Morales Muñiz [1]. Contact: arturo.morales@uam.es [1] Laboratorio de Arqueozoologia. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES.
Archaeozoology, as most other branches of bioarchaeological research, has traditionally lagged behind the explosive development that Iberian archaeology witnessed over the past fifty years. Historical and curricular contingencies, among others, contributed to dictate such a state of affairs and understanding these might prove instrumental if one is ever to learn lessons from past experiences, however negative these might be. In this presentation, an overview of archaeozoological developments will be addressed from the most intimate standpoint of someone who has devoted all of his professional career to foster its research in Iberia and elsewhere. This has been, as most adventure treks, a voyage full of good and not so good moments that the author would now like to share with colleagues, in particular those from the younger generation whose aims, methodologies and expectations, though apparently diverging from those of former generations are, in fact, as old as is the quest to understand our past.
EZI2017
ORAL SESSIONS
Wednesday, April 26th
EZI – SESSION 1. SMALL PREY IN IBERIAN PALAEOLITHIC
E1.1 | GRUTA NOVA DA COLUMBEIRA: AN ASSESSMENT OF RABBIT EXPLOITATION DURING THE MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC IN PORTUGAL (BOMBARRAL, PORTUGAL)
Milena Carvalho [1]. Contact: mcarvalho@unm.edu [1] University of New Mexico, US.
In Europe, differences in subsistence between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans are one of the ways in which archaeologists detect behavioral changes during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. In this paper, I present faunal and stable isotopic analyses of Oryctolagus cuniculus (the European wild rabbit) from levels C.6, C.7, C.8 and C.9 of Gruta Nova da Columbeira, a Mousterian cave site located in central Portugal. I use these data to test two subsistence models: 1. Anatomically modern humans gained a competitive advantage over Neanderthals by exploiting spectrum diet type prey items such as the rabbit (as in Fa et al., 2013) 2. Neanderthals practiced a broad-spectrum diet in local environments exemplified by sites such as Bolomor Cave (as in Blasco and Peris, 2012). To conclude, I explore whether central Portugal displays the same shift in subsistence patterns from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition as elsewhere in Europe and if using the concept of a transition is an efficient way to track human adaptation to environmental change in the Pleistocene.
Keywords: subsistence, Palaeolithic, Western Portugal, stable isotopes, small game
References: Blasco, R., Peris, J. 2012. A Uniquely Broad Spectrum Diet during the Middle Pleistocene at Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain), in Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S., Kindler, L. (Eds.), The Evolution of the Hominin Food Resource Exploitation in Pleistocene Europe: Recent Studies in Zooarchaeology. Quaternary International 252, 16–31. Fa, J., Stewart, J., Lloveras, L., Vargas, J. 2013. Rabbits and Hominin Survival in Iberia. Journal of Human Evolution 64, 233–241.
E1.2 | TAPHONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE BIRD BONES FROM THE MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC SITE OF GRUTA DA FIGUEIRA BRAVA (ARRÁBIDA, PORTUGAL)
Mariana Nabais [1], Carlos Pimenta [2] & João Zilhão [3]. Contact: mariananabais@gmail.com
[1] Institute of Archaeology, University College London, UK. [2] Laboratório de Arqueociências, Direção Geral do Património Cultural, Lisboa, PT. EnvArch/CIBIO/InBIO, PT. [3] Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, ES. Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, ES. UNIARQ – Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, PT.
The procurement of small prey has been widely discussed over the past decades, in particular following the recovery of bird bone assemblages from archaeological sites dated to periods earlier than expected. Gruta da Figueira Brava, located on the west coast of central Portugal, is one of such site. The intact deposit found below the capping, reworked levels contain an abundant quartz-based Middle Palaeolithic stone tool assemblage, confirms a Neanderthal occupation of the site, which has been reliably dated to MIS-5 by U-series and OSL. The mammal assemblage recovered shows evidence of Neanderthal manipulation of large to very small animals, including rabbits. Tortoise remains are also present. Carnivore activity is scant. The avifaunal assemblage comprises marine and terrestrial birds, including edible species, as well as diurnal and nocturnal raptors. The majority of species identified are local to the immediate environment of the cave — rocky cliffs and shores — but the reworked and in situ assemblages are of different composition. In order to identify the agent of bird accumulation, a detailed taphonomic analysis was conducted on the bird remains. This analysis did not detect any significant hominin contribution to the avifaunal assemblage. The paper will discuss different hypotheses concerning the agents involved.
Keywords: birds, Neanderthal, Middle Palaeolithic, Gruta da Figueira Brava, Arrábida
E1.3 | EPIPALAEOLITHIC RABBIT ACCUMULATIONS IN NORTHEAST IBERIA: THE BALMA DEL GAI ASSEMBLAGE
Nadihuska Y. Rosado-Méndez [1], Lluis Lloveras [1], Pilar García-Argüelles [1] & Jordi Nadal [1]. Contact: nyrosadomendez @gmail.com
[1] SERP – Seminari d’Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques. Secció de Prehistòria i Arqueologia. Facultat de Geografia i Història. Universitat de Barcelona, ES.
Climate changes occurring in Mediterranean Europe between the Pleistocene-Holocene transition resulted in changes in the exploitation of small prey by humans. In the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, this adaptation is mainly evidenced by an increase in the number of rabbit remains, which normally exceeds the 90% of the recovered specimens. The archaeological site Balma del Gai (Moià, Barcelona) provides one of the most significant archaeological records of this kind. The Balma del Gai is a small rockshelter located 50 km inland from the coast at 760 m above sea level. The stratigraphic units are organized in 3 levels in which level I correspond to the Epipalaeolithic period. Recovered faunal remains are diverse, including different species of marine and continental mollusc, ungulates, terrestrial carnivores, birds, fishes and small mammals. However, the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) stands out among all taxa, representing 95% of all identified remains recorded.
Nevertheless, in order to ascribe the archaeological rabbit remains to the activity of early Holocene hunter-gatherers or, on the contrary, to a number of predators (raptors and terrestrial carnivores) that occupied the same biome over the same period and feed on the same prey, a taphonomical analysis is required. Through zooarchaeological and taphonomical analysis, our work aims are: to elucidate the human activity on rabbit in comparison to other predators, to understand the different ways of handling and exploiting rabbit carcasses and to assess the importance of this small prey for the Epipalaeolithic hunter-gatherers.
Results on anatomical representation, breakage and bone surface modifications show that rabbit remains recovered respond to an anthropogenic contribution. High proportions of thermo-altered bones, cutmarks caused by lithic tools and teeth marks are observed. All parameters indicate intense exploitation of rabbit fur and meat. This study shows clear evidence of the importance of small prey for human subsistence during the Epipaleolithic.
Keywords: Northeast Iberia, Balma del Gai, Epipaleolithic, small prey taphonomy, rabbit remains
EZI – SESSION 2. CROSSROADS IN ZOOARCHAEOLOGY: ENVIRONMENT AND
HUNTER-GATHERERS DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE–EARLY HOLOCENE
E2.1 | LAST INTERGLACIAL VERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGE FROM THE NORTHERN IBERIAN PENINSULA: ARTAZU VII (ARRASATE, BASQUE COUNTRY)
Aitziber Suárez-Bilbao [1], Naroa Garcia-Ibaibarriaga [2], Jone Castaños [1], Pedro Castaños [3], María-José Iriarte-Chiapusso [2,4], Álvaro Arrizabalaga [2], Trinidad Torres [5], José Eugenio Ortiz [5] & Xabier Murelaga [1]. Contact: aitziber.suarez@ehu.eus
[1] Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, ES. [2] Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, ES. [3] Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Donostia-San Sebastián, ES. [4] IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, ES. [5] Laboratorio de Estratigrafía Biomolecular. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ES.
Artazu VII is a Late Pleistocene palaeontological site discovered in 2013 at Kobate Quarry (Arrasate, northern Iberian Peninsula), located in the upper Deba Valley. In this cave, which acted as a natural trap, remains of 40 different vertebrate taxa were accumulated (Suárez-Bilbao et al., 2016). Deposits of this chronology without evidence of human presence are limited in the Cantabrian region, and even more those with a good state of preservation and rich bio-diversity. The preliminary vertebrate taxonomic list contains five amphibians, four reptiles, seven birds and 24 mammalian taxa. While small mammals are represented by 13 small mammal taxa (seven in the Order Rodentia, five in the Order Eulipotyphla, and one in the Order Chiroptera), the large mammal fauna comprises eleven species, including ungulates and carnivores (Suárez-Bilbao et al., 2016). The palaeoenvironment inferred by the ecological preferences, mainly of the small vertebrates, suggests a predominance of grassland and broadleaf forests, with some practically permanent water sources, within a notably warm and humid climate. Amino Acid Racemization results carried out in macrofaunal bone samples from approximately the middle of the stratigraphic column, show a mean value of 93,000 years. The combination of dating and inferred palaeoclimate suggest that the deposit from Artazu VII would be dated in the 1st half of the Late Pleistocene, in the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5c (Suárez-Bilbao et al., 2016).
This work is part of the project Basque Crossroads (HAR2014-53536-P), which studies the movement and traveling of populations between the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe along prehistoric epoch (Arrizabalaga, 2009). In periods of climate changes, the Deba Valley is a biological corridor that acts as an area that communicates to very different regions (Ebro Valley-north Plateau with Cantabrian range and Aquitania depression), which provides a greater biodiversity in the deposits that delimit the Deba Valley. The study of the vertebrate remains from deposits as Artazu VII, along with the analysis of other archaeopaleontological sites located in this corridor, allows us to recognize the existence of biological passages and to describe the palaeoenvironmental changes with high resolution.
Keywords: vertebrates, palaeoenvironment, Late Pleistocene, Basque Crossroads, Iberian Peninsula
References: Arrizabalaga, A., 2009. The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic Transition on the Basque Crossroads: Main Sites, Key Issues. Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte 18, 39-70. Suárez-Bilbao, A., Garcia-Ibaibarriaga, N., Castaños, J., Castaños, P., Iriarte-Chiapusso, M.J., Arrizabalaga, A., Torres, T., Ortiz, J.E., Murelaga, X., 2016. A new Late Pleistocene non-anthropogenic vertebrate assemblage from the northern Iberian Peninsula: Artazu VII (Arrasate, Basque Country). Comptes Rendus Palevol. 15, 950–957. E2.2 | CARNIVORES AND HUMANS AT CUEVA DE LLONIN (ASTURIAS, NORTH OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA): PRELIMINARY DATA FROM THE FAUNAL STUDY OF THE BASAL LEVEL (MIS 3)
Alfred Sanchis [1], Manuel Pérez Ripoll [2], Carmen Tormo [1], Víctor Sauqué [3], Cristina Real [2], Elsa Duarte [4], David Santamaría [4] & Marco de la Rasilla [4]. Contact: alfred.sanchis@dival.es
[1] Museu de Prehistòria de València. Servei d’Investigació Prehistòrica. Diputació de València, ES. [2] Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga. Universitat de València, ES. [3] Grupo Aragosaurus-IUCA, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES. [4] Departamento de Historia, Universidad de Oviedo, ES.
Llonin is a Cantabrian Palaeolithic site containing a wide archaeological sequence and a unique record of parietal art. Archaeological excavations have been carried out between 1987 and 2002, providing materials belonging to the Mousterian, Gravettian, Solutrean, Magdalenian, Azilian and Bronze Age periods (see references).
In this communication, we present the first data on the study of faunal remains from the basal level (VIII) of the sector called “Cono Posterior” inside the cave. This level provides evidence of the presence of Neanderthals groups because
Mousterian stone tools have been identified (MIS 3). The fauna of VIII level consists of several species of herbivores and carnivores. The archaeozoological and taphonomic study of faunal remains aims to characterize the origin of these accumulations and determine the subsistence patterns of animal origin developed by Neanderthals at the end of the Middle Palaeolithic as well as the interaction processes in the cave between carnivores and humans in this early stage of the sequence.
Keywords: human-carnivore interactions, Neanderthal subsistence, Middle and Early Upper Paleolithic, Cueva de Llonin, Asturias References: Fortea, J., Rasilla, M. de la, Rodríguez, V., 1990. Sobre un rodete perforado magdaleniense de Llonin (Asturias). Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina 20, 95-108. Fortea, J., Rasilla, M. de la, Rodríguez, V., 1992. La cueva de Llonin (Llonin, Peñamellera Alta). Campañas de 1991 a 1994. Excavaciones Arqueológicas en Asturias 1987-1990. 2, 9-18. Fortea, J., Rasilla, M. de la, Rodríguez, V., 1995. La cueva de Llonin (Llonin, Peñamellera Alta). Campañas de 1991 a 1994. Excavaciones Arqueológicas en Asturias 1991-1994 3, 33-44. Fortea, J., Rasilla, M. de la, Rodríguez, V., 1999. La cueva de Llonin (Llonin, Peñamellera Alta). Campañas de 1995 a 1998. Excavaciones Arqueológicas en Asturias 1995-1998 4, 59-68. Fortea, J., Rasilla, M. de la, Rodríguez, V., 2004. L’art pariétal et la séquence archéologique paléolithique de la grotte de Llonin (Peñamellera Alta, Asturies, Espagne). Préhistoire, Art et Sociétés. BSPA LIX, 7-29. Fortea, J., Rasilla, M. de la, Rodríguez, V., 2007. La cueva de Llonin (Llonin, Peñamellera Alta). Campañas de 1999 a 2002. Excavaciones Arqueológicas en Asturias 1999-2002 5, 77-86. Rasilla, M. de la, Santamaría, D., 2011-2012. El Paleolítico Medio en Asturias. Mainake XXXIII, 31-62. Rasilla, M. de la, Santamaría, D., Rodríguez, V., 2014. Llonin. In: Sala, R. (ed.) and Carbonell, E., Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Arsuaga, J. L. (coord.). Los cazadores recolectores del Pleistoceno y del Holoceno en Iberia y el estrecho de Gibraltar. Universidad de Burgos y Fundación Atapuerca. Burgos.
E2.3 | KIPUTZ IX VERSUS ALTAMIRA: CORRELATION BETWEEN SKELETONS AND PAINTINGS OF STEPPE BISON DURING UPPER PALAEOLITHIC AT CANTABRIAN REGION
Pedro Castaños [1], Jone Castaños [2] & Xabier Murelaga [2]. Contact: pedrocastanos@yahoo.es
[1] Geo-Q, Leioa. Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, ES. [1] Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, ES.
The lack of correlation between the fauna depicted in the rupestrian art and the mammal species recovered in archaeological sites is a fact confirmed by various authors in the Cantabrian Palaeolithic. Frequently painted species (bison, auroch and horse) are scarce in the lists of faunas. Only the red deer is an exception because it is a dominant species in some sets of parietal art and at the same time is the most hunted species during the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic in the Cantabrian region.
The lack of connection between what is painted and what is hunted presents its maximum expression in the steppe bison (Bison priscus). This species is the main protagonist at the Altamira Cave which is one of the most important sanctuaries of the rupestrian art in Europe and therefore in the world. This fact contrasts with the scarcity of bison remains found in the successive archaeological excavations carried out in this cave. For this reason, it can be interesting to have an accumulation of fauna from the site of Kiputz IX which presents some parallelism with the series of polychrome bison from Altamira. Kiputz IX is the site that has provided the richest collection of steppe bison remains in the Iberian Peninsula. The chronology of this sample, as well as palaeobiological data obtained, allow an interesting comparison between a joint paleontological and an important manifestation of the prehistoric art.
Keywords: steppe bison, bones/paintings, Upper Paleolithic, northern Iberian Peninsula
E2.4 | HUNTER-GATHERER HUMAN SUBSISTENCE IN THE BAJO ARAGÓN IN THE PLEISTOCENE-HOLOCENE TRANSITION: ANGEL 1 ROCKSHELTER (LADRUÑAN, TERUEL, ARAGÓN)
Alejandro Sierra [1], María Saña [2], Pilar Utrilla [1], Rafael Domingo [1] & Manuel Bea [1]. Contact: asierras@unizar.es [1] Área de Prehistoria, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES. [2] Departamento de Prehistoria, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, ES. Ángel 1 rock shelter is located in Ladruñan (Castellote, Teruel), in the Maestrazgo area (Southeastern Aragón). It is next to Angel 2, and both are part of an ensemble called El Arenal de Fonseca. It is a limestone rock shelter facing west, close to Guadalope River. This site demonstrates a sequence of different occupation levels: Palaeolithic (Gravettian) and Postpalaeolithic (Macrolithic Mesolithic, Geometric Mesolithic and Neolithic). There are also several rock art panels (Levantine and Schematic). In this study, archaeozoological analysis of the level 10sup is presented. This level is rich with faunal remains, but it has severe preservation problems, and all attempts to date this level directly have so far failed. An approximate chronology situates level 10sup between Late Pleistocene and early Holocene. The methods used includes analysis of specific and skeletal variability, estimating the age of the animals represented, biometric analysis, and physical characterization of populations. This also includes a comprehensive taphonomic study, which unveils processing and consumption patterns, and examines the post-depositional processes that have affected bone preservation in this level. The preliminary results presented here increase our knowledge about the main subsistence strategies of human groups in this area, highlighting the importance of the hunting of wild goat.
Keywords: hunter-gatherer, Pleistocene-Holocene, Bajo Aragón
E2.5 | CLIMATIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGES IN THE PRE-PYRENEAN AREA AMONG MAGDALENIAN AND NEOLITHIC: THE FAUNAL REMAINS OF THE ARBA DE BIEL BASIN (BIEL, HUESCA, ARAGÓN)
Alejandro Sierra [1], Rafael Domingo [1], Lourdes Montes [1] & María Saña [2]. Contact: asierras@unizar.es [1] Área de Prehistoria, Universidad de Zaragoza, ES. [2] Departamento de Prehistoria, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, ES. Climate change during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition produced environmental shifts that affected human groups. Human societies underwent dramatic changes, which resulted in the adoption of an agricultural way of life. The study of the Arba de Biel Basin allows reconstruction these processes. This area is significant due to the presence of five archaeological sites (Peña-14, Legunova/Rambla, Valcervera, Paco Pons) with prehistoric occupations from Late Pleistocene to Mid Holocene. These are five small rock shelters located close to each other. There are fourteen
archaeological levels with remains of human occupation, twelve are dwelling occupations and two funerary levels. This sequence is accurately dated with thirty-five14C dates that range from Late Magdalenian to Chalcolithic (15-4 cal ka BP). In this work, the analyses of faunal remains are presented. The objective is to provide data about the human response to climate change and the socioeconomic transition between Mesolithic and Neolithic in the Pre-Pyrenean area. The methods used includes analysis of specific and skeletal variability, estimating the age of the animals represented, biometric analysis, and physical characterization of populations. This also includes a comprehensive taphonomic study, which unveils processing and consumption patterns, as well as other post-depositional processes. The results clearly demonstrate differences in animal management between hunter-gatherers and herders from Late Pleistocene to Mid Holocene.
Keywords: Pleistocene-Holocene transition, Epipalaeolithic/Mesolithic, Neolithic, Pre-Pyrenean
EZI – SESSION 3. ISSUES IN NEOLITHIC ZOOARCHAEOLOGY: FROM DOMESTICATION TO
TAPHONOMY
E3.1 | INVESTIGATING FOOD HABITS OF SHEEP, GOAT AND CATTLE IN THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SITE OF LA DRAGA (NE IBERIAN PENINSULA)
Vanessa Navarrete [1], Carlos Tornero [2] & Maria Saña [1]. Contact: vanessa.navarrete@uab.cat
[1] Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia, Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES. [2] IPHES – Intitut Català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social, Tarragona, ES.
Food habits could be a key factor to understand the success of herding systems during early steps of integration of domesticates in the Iberian Peninsula. Stable isotope analyses can provide detailed information about dietary inputs. Sequential analyses of δ13C and δ18O values are here used to better understand food habits of domesticates. The ecological niche of the lacustrine site of La Draga (5430-4796 cal BC), located on the eastern side of the Lake of Banyoles (Girona, NE Iberian Peninsula), could involve a specific-range for dietary habits of sheep, goat and cattle. This is a unique opportunity to evaluate consequences of pressure and technical choices of sheepherders.
In this contribution, we present a study based on sequential analyses of δ13C and δ18O from tooth enamel of sheep specimens. Some goats and cattle are also including in the sampling to better characterize our results. Data suggest that contribution of plant resources in sheep-diet follows the seasonal availability through the year. No foddering strategies involving the storage of sources from different seasons are detected. Mobility pattern of pastoral activities is also reduced. The low variation in δ13C series is discussed in terms of ecological characteristics of the site.
Keywords: Early Neolithic, stable isotopes, domesticates, food habits, NE Iberian Peninsula
E3.2 | FROM THE VALLEY TO THE MOUNTAIN: FIRST EVIDENCES OF ALTITUDINAL MOVEMENTS OF FLOCKS OF SHEEP AT THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SITE OF CUEVA DE ELS TROCS, SAN FELIU DE VERI, HUESCA, SPAIN
Marta Moreno García [1], Carlos Tornero [2], Alizé Hofman [3], Manuel Rojo Guerra [4], José Ignacio Royo Guillén [5], Rafael Garrido Pena [6], Iñigo García Martínez de Lagrán [7], Cristina Tejedor Rodríguez [7] & Héctor Arcusa Magallón [8]. Contact: marta.moreno@csic.cchs.es
[1] Instituto de Historia, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, CSIC, Madrid, ES. [2] IPHES – Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, ES. [3] Université de Toulouse. TRACES & Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Université de Toulouse 1, FR. [4] Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Valladolid, ES. [5] Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural. Gobierno de Aragón, ES. [6] Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES. [7] Arcadia-General Foundation of Valladolid University, ES. [8] Private Technical Archaeologist, Zaragoza, ES.
The cave of Els Trocs with more than 23000 remains, of which 85% belong to caprines, has provided the largest Neolithic faunal assemblage known up until now. The chronostratigraphic sequence places the occupation of the cave between the last third of the 6th and the last third of the 4th millennium cal BC. The multidisciplinary methodological approach
and the application of several analytical techniques on the faunal samples (δ13C and δ18O stable isotopes on modern and archaeological remains, culling profiles of the sheep flocks along the sequence and paleoparasitological analyses of sediments), have allowed to reveal on the one hand, the occurrence of an economic system based on the altitudinal movement of flocks since the earliest phases and on the other, a progressive anthropic control of animals aiming at the adaptation of their breeding season to the demands of this exploitation system. The parasite load increase evidenced along the sequence supports also the narrow relationship between people and animals.
In short, the archaeological, faunal, isotopic and palaeoparasite analyses here presented, constitute the most integral study carried out on prehistoric flocks of sheep in Europe. For the first time and for a very early moment of the Neolithisation process of the Iberian Peninsula, a very specialized economic activity that requires not only a deep knowledge of the reproductive cycle of the flocks but also a wide control of the territory and its routes of communication is demonstrated.
E3.3 | CHANGES IN PIG POPULATION DURING THE EARLY NEOLITHIC IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Vanessa Navarrete [1], André Carlo Colonese [2], M. Eulàlia Subirà [3], Pau Comes [4], Antoni Rosell [4,5] & Maria Saña [1]. Contact: vanessa.navarrete@uab.cat
[1] Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia, Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES. [2] BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, UK. [3] GRAPAC, Unitat d’Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES. [4] Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES. [5] Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, ES.
The contribution of livestock to socio-economic changes in the western Mediterranean during the spread of the Neolithic is indisputable. In particular, domesticated pigs (Sus domesticus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) played an important role in the Early Neolithic economy of the Iberian Peninsula. Here we present the results of an integrated study involving carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, slaughter patterns and biometric analysis of wild and domestic pig assemblages from the Iberian Peninsula, dated between 5700-4600 cal BC. This multidisciplinary approach aims to evaluate changes in pig management and exploitation strategies. The results reveal differences in pig husbandry practices between sites. Our results open new perspectives into animal management strategies, while providing new elements for discussing the regional development of Early Neolithic economies in the Iberian Peninsula.
Keywords: Early Neolithic, pig domestication, husbandry practices, stable isotope analysis, Iberian Peninsula E3.4 | LAMEIRAS (SINTRA) – MOTHER OF PORTUGUESE EARLY NEOLITHIC SITES
Simon J. M. Davis [1]. Contact: simonjmdavis@gmail.com
[1] Laboratório de Arqueociências, Direção Geral do Património Cultural, Lisboa, PT.
Excavations by Teresa Simões at Lapiás de Lameiras, near Sintra, uncovered 1250 mammal remains dated to Early and Late Neolithic with some underlying Mousterian and overlying Chalcolithic. They elucidate certain aspects of Portuguese zooarchaeology:
1. Sheep. The EN includes securely identified sheep — several directly 14C dated to c. 5450 cal BC — the beginning of
the EN here and 3000 years after this animal’s domestication further east in the Tigris/Euphrates basin. Overland, sheep should have walked 1,6 kms/year – a velocity too great for the ‘wave of advance’ model. They were probably, therefore, shipped.
2. Body size. Lameiras Bos, Capra and Sus compared to local specimens from Pleistocene to modern times, reveal interesting differences. a) Late Pleistocene-Holocene diminution of aurochs and Capra probably linked to post-Ice Age temperature increase; b) Further diminution of Mesolithic Bos and Sus reflecting overhunting (the Mesolithic crisis); c) Additional diminution of Bos, Capra and Sus reflecting their domestic status; d) Post-Mesolithic partial size recovery of aurochsen and Sus due to reduced predation, and e) size increase of Capra (and sheep) and cattle due to Moslem and Christian improvements.
3. Equids. Two very differently sized Chalcolithic equids belonged to horse (large) and Otranto ass (small).
4. Species spectrum change. At the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition the pattern of exploitation changed from Equus+Cervus+Sus to Ovis+Capra+Sus+Bos – signalling the change from hunting to husbandry. Abundant Mesolithic wild boar reflects its fecundity and hence ability to withstand overhunting.
5. Anomalous tooth. An EN Bos M3 with missing hypoconulid is the earliest known occurrence of this anomaly, possibly linked to inbreeding.
The scarcity of wild mammals in the Neolithic of Lameiras as well as Chalcolithic coastal sites contrasts with their abundance inland. Finds of Neolithic faunal remains from the interior are needed to understand the geographical pattern of wild vs. domestic livestock!
Keywords: Ice Age, Neolithic, domestication, equids, aurochsen, goats, Portugal
E3.5 | UNDERSTANDING NEOLITHIC LEPORID ACCUMULATIONS: THE EXAMPLES OF CADAVAL AND NOSSA SENHORA DAS LAPAS CAVES (TOMAR, MIDDLE TAGUS, PORTUGAL)
Nelson J. Almeida [1,2], Palmira Saladié [3], Enrique Cerrillo Cuenca [4] & Luiz Oosterbeek [1,5]. Contact: nelsonjalmeida@gmail.com
[1] QP-CGeo – Quaternary and Prehistory Group, Centro de Geociências/Geosciences Center, Universidade de Coimbra, PT. [2] ITM – Instituto Terra e Memória, Mação, PT. [3] IPHES – Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social, Tarragona, ES. URV – Area de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, ES. [4] Independent Researcher. [5] IPT – Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, PT. The study of leporid accumulations has been widely developed in the last decades. Actualistic research allowed for a better understanding of direct and indirect indicators of leporid accumulations by humans, different mammals and raptors. Western Europe archaeological records are rich in leporid accumulations of anthropic and other origins (intrusive and exogenous).
Cadaval and Nossa Senhora das Lapas caves are located in the Portuguese Middle Tagus, near Tomar, central Portugal. Cadaval layer D corresponds to the regional Middle Neolithic while layer C is of Middle/Late Neolithic chronology. Nossa Senhora das Lapas presents disturbed deposits that led to the necessity of studying the materials as if they corresponded to a single context. Materials are mainly of Early and Middle Neolithic chronologies but some Bell Beaker artifacts were also recovered.
The archaeofaunal spectrum is dominated by leporids, the majority of which are Oryctolagus cuniculus. Leporids representativeness is lower in Cadaval layer D (NISP 57), compared to Cadaval layer C (NISP 111) and Nossa Senhora das Lapas (NISP 425). Among macrofauna, some carnivores were identified. Results indicate that these accumulations are a mixture of ingested and non-ingested remains of intrusive and exogenous origin, being human influence analytically invisible.
Comparison with actualistic data and other southwestern Iberian Holocene leporid accumulations studied with similar analytical protocols is suggestive of an important influence by Vulpes vulpes; a smaller influence by other agents cannot be discarded, namely Meles meles and Bubo bubo. A multiple correspondence analysis taking into account these accumulations and actualistic data indicates high similarities among studied assemblages, and also suggests similarities between them and actualistic ingested and non-ingested Vulpes vulpes accumulations with the relative abundance of tooth marks being the main variable.
Keywords: taphonomy, leporid accumulations, Central Portugal, Neolithic, Cadaval, Nossa Senhora das Lapas
EZI – SESSION 4. MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS IN (IBERIAN) ZOOARCHAEOLOGY
E4.1 | ORLANDO RIBEIRO’S WORK ON THE PASTORALISM OF CENTRAL-NORTHERN PORTUGAL: GUIDELINES FOR A RESEARCH PROJECT ON ETHNO-HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY
António Faustino Carvalho [1] & Catarina Tente [2]. Contact: afcarva@ualg.pt
[1] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT. [2] Universidade Nova de Lisboa, PT.
With very few exceptions, the use of ethnographic data as a framework for archaeological research in Portugal has been largely ignored. One of the reasons may lie in the relatively limited chronological significance of the available ethnographic records, which can hardly be applied to historical periods prior to the Middle Ages. However, the systematic work on the traditional forms of transhumant pastoralism in the northern-central mountains of Portugal by Orlando Ribeiro (1911–1997) provides an incomparable ethnohistorical account of those practices before their collapse by the end of the 20th century.
The abundant collection of field observations and documental research published by this geographer, either in broad-scale syntheses (Ribeiro, 1945, 1968) or in specific studies (Daveau and Ribeiro, 1978; Ribeiro, 1939, 1941, 1948; Ribeiro and Santos, 1949), merged with ongoing archaeological and zooarchaeological research on the mountain ranges of central Portugal—the Montejunto–Estrela mountain chain—, may shed far-reaching light on the long history of stock-keeping in this vast region of South-West Europe. Indeed, just to mention the most well-studied ethno-historical case, the Estrela Mountain, recently-acquired zooarchaeological data seems to suggest that transhumance was of Post-Neolithic age (Carvalho et al., in press) and may have assumed a bipolar, seasonally-based practice in the Early Middle Ages (Fernández-Mier and Tente, in press). Clearly, further fieldwork is needed to develop these first insights and to investigate periods (Protohistory, Roman) for which zooarchaeological data completely lacks.
Some of the variables studied by Orlando Ribeiro, serving as research guide-lines for future projects, will be crucial for such purposes. Those are the cases, among others, of settlement sizes and duration (permanent, annual or seasonal), the communities’ social organization (nuclear or extensive families, individual or group mobility), the transhumant itineraries and ranges, and particular stock-keeping practices.
Keywords: Orlando Ribeiro, transhumance, Northern Portugal, Neolithic, Middle Ages
References: Carvalho, A.F., Pereira, V., Duarte, C., Tente, C., in press. Neolithic archaeology at the Penedo dos Mouros Rock-shelter (Gouveia, Portugal): oldest evidence for herding practices in the Estrela mountain range. Zephyrus. Daveaus, S., Ribeiro, O., 1978. L'occupation humaine de la Serra da Estrela. Études géographiques offertes à Louis Papy. Bordeaux, pp. 263–276. Fernández-Mier, M., Tente, C., in press. Transhumant herding systems in Iberia, in: Costello, E., Svensson, E. (Eds.), Historical archaeologies of transhumance across Europe. Routledge, London. Ribeiro, O., 1939. Brandas e inverneiras em Castro Laboreiro. Revista da Faculdade de Ciências VI, 1-2, 297–301. Ribeiro, O., 1941. Contribuição para o estudo do pastoreio na Serra da Estrêla. Revista da Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa IV, 1-2, 213–303. Ribeiro, O., 1945. Portugal, o Mediterrâneo e o Atlântico. Sá da Costa, Lisbon. Ribeiro, O., 1948. Notícia do pastoreio na Serra do Montemuro. Miscelânea de Estudos à Memória de Cláudio Basto. Porto, pp. 333–339. Ribeiro, O., 1968. Mediterrâneo. Ambiente e tradição. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon. Ribeiro, O., Santos, M.A.P., 1949. Montanhas pastoris de Portugal. Compte Rendu du XVIe Congrès International de Géographie. Travaux de la Section IV, vol. III. Union Géographique International, Lisbon, pp. 59–69.
E4.2 | AMONG POULTRY PENS, CAGES AND DOVECOTES! ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC NOTES ON DOMESTIC BIRDS IN PORTUGAL
Carlos Pimenta [1], Marta Moreno García [2] & Ana Lourenço [3]. Contact: cpimenta@dgpc.pt
[1] Laboratório de Arqueociências, Direção Geral do Património Cultural, Lisboa, PT. EnvArch/CIBIO/InBIO, PT. [2] Instituto de Historia, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, CSIC – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ES. [3] Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, PT.
Following our review on the Portuguese ornitho-archaeological record (Pimenta et al., 2015), we aim to have a closer look at the role played by the main domestic birds in the past.
Meat, eggs, feathers, dung were (and are) resources highly valued. Domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), all species of the Galliformes Order, disinclined to fly and native to long distance continents, were introduced into Europe at different time periods by the hand of people. Geese (Anser anser) and domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) belonging to the Anseriformes Order come from snowbirds, seasonal migrants from the north. The domestic pigeons (Order Columbiformes) which in present day cities nearly constitute a plague, have the Rock dove (Columba livia), a resident species, as their wild ancestor.
Notwithstanding, the original aims pursued by different cultures while controlling the life cycles of some avian species were probably diverse and lie beyond their dietary value. In some cases, the exploitation of behavioural traits might be
the origin of cultural traditions which have been kept alive until recently. Among others falconry, cock fighting, pigeon post or the corvids that lived in the charcoal kilns of Lisbon up until mid the last century!
• What are the cultural and economic implications these species had here? • What does the archaeozoological record tell us about them?
• Which are the consequences of the artificial selection and the difficulties one can find when trying to identifying osteological remains from the past?
• Which are the oldest practices one can detect in the ethnographic record? These are some of the issues we would like to discuss!
Keywords: birds, domestication, archaeozoology, ornithoethnography, Portugal
References: Pimenta, C., Moreno García, M., Lourenço, A. 2015. O registo ornito-arqueológico em Portugal: inventários, comentários e mapas. Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia 18, 289-312.
E4.3 | DISTINCTIVE ARCHAEOFAUNA OCCURRENCES RECOVERED IN BRAZIL: IBERIAN CONTRIBUTION IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD
Albérico Nogueira de Queiroz [1], Olivia Alexandre de Carvalho [1], Suely Gleyde Amancio Martinelli [2], Márcia Barbosa da Costa Guimarães [2] & Cristiana de Cerqueira Silva Santana [3]. Contact: anqueiroz@hotmail.com
[1] Laboratório de Bioarqueologia, Departamento de Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, BR. [2] Laboratório de Arqueologia da Paisagem e Identidade Cultural, Departamento de Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, BR. [2] Laboratório de Arqueologia e de Paleontologia, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, BR.
In Brazil, there is still little information about the archaeofauna from archaeological sites during the four hundred years of the colonial period (the 16th century to the 19th century). Except for the recent contribution of Milheira et al. (2016), which records the occurrence of archaeofaunal remains of domesticated dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) at Rio Grande do Sul state, in pre-Columbian chronologies (between 1701 e 1526 cal BP (2σ), according to isotopic analysis), the main faunal archaeological remains recorded in several areas indicate a certain animal and taxonomic chronological dichotomy, although most of the prehistorical sites (pre-Columbian/pre-colonial) have indicated largely native faunal elements (medium and small mammals), whereas the sites of colonial period (also known in northeast of the country as historical sites) predominates domesticated animals, especially those of economic importance such as bovine (Bos taurus), swine (Sus scrofa), ovine (Ovis aries), caprine (Capra hircus) and equine animals, which were introduced by Portuguese settlers since the 16th century, mainly for breeding, food production, transportation, as well as the slaughtering techniques and meat preparation (Queiroz and Gomes, 2014), that resulted in significant changes in eating and social habits (Nobre, 2004 ).
Keywords: distinctive archaeofauna, Brazil, Colonial period, Iberian contribution
References: De Queiroz, A. N., Gomes, R. K. F., 2016. Slaughtering and meat preparation: a cultural issue - zooarqueology in Laranjeiras, Sergipe, Brazil. Abstracts/Libro de Resúmenes. 12th International Conference of Archaeozoology/12 da Conferencia Internacional de
Arqueozoología ICAZ San Rafael, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Córdoba, pp. 47. Milheira, R. G., Loponte, D. M., Esponda, C. G., Acosta, A., Ulguim, P., 2016. The First Record of a Pre-Columbian Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) in Brazil. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. , DOI: 10.1002/oa.2546. Nobre, C. K., 2004. Projeto de salvamento arqueológico da zona urbana de Pelotas/RS: Catálogo do material arqueofaunístico do sítio Casa 8. Cadernos do LEPAARQ 1(1), 59-79.
E4.4 | ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL STUDIES: NEW DATABASE AND METHOD BASE IN ALPHANUMERIC CODES
Cristina Real [1], Juan Vicente Morales [1], Alfred Sanchis [2], Leopoldo Pérez [3,4], Manuel Pérez Ripoll [1] & Valentín Villaverde [1]. Contact: cristina.real@uv.es
[1] Departament de Prehistòria i Arqueologia. Universitat de València. Valencia, ES. [2] Museu de Prehistòria de València. Servei d’Investigació Prehistòrica. Diputació de València, ES. [3] IPHES – Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social. Tarragona, ES. [4] Àrea de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, ES.
The database is an important tool to collect all the necessary information by any archaeozoologist. However, the specialists don’t use a recurring methodology to describe the bones remains, and that complicates the possibility to compare the results from different sites. For these reasons, first, it is necessary to provide a complete and versatile database structure and secondly, employ a fast and objective methodology. In this case, we propose simplified method based on alphanumeric codes.
We have designed four databases in FileMaker©, all of them interrelated and focused on a part of an archaeozoological study: 1) site data, taxonomy; 2) taphonomy modifications; 3) osteometry; 4) teeth analysis. Besides, for taphonomy modification we have created a compilation of alphanumeric codes that simplified and sum up the description of bone morphology, the origin and morphotypes of fractures and the localization of the taphonomic modifications. This new methodology has been applied to different samples. Some of them have an anthropological origin (Real. 2012, 2013; Morales, 2015), others are natural accumulations (Sanchis et al., 2014), and even mixed ones (Sanchis et al., 2013). In all cases we have aimed to contrast the results in an objective way, leaving the interpretation to the final step of the analysis. In order to achieve this objective, we should use the same methodology, one that facilitates the way we compile the data and the way we can share the information and compare it to different sites.
Keywords: methodology, database, alphanumeric codes, archaeozoology
References: Morales, J.V. 2015. Explotació dels mamífers i economia de les darreres comunitats caçadores - recollectores del vessant mediterrani ibèric durant la transició Tardiglacial – Holocé. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Valencia. Real, C., 2013. Procesado y consumo antrópico de la fauna magdaleniense de la Cova de les Cendres (Teulada-Moraira, Alicante), in: Sanchis A., Pascual, J. L. (Eds.) Animals i Arqueologia hui. I jornades d'Arqueozoologia del Museu de Prehistòria de València. València, Museu de Prehistòria de Valencia, pp. 95-108. Real, C., 2012. Aproximación metodológica y nuevos datos sobre los conjuntos arqueozoológicos del Magdaleniense superior de la Cova de les Cendres. Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina XXIX, 99-120. Sanchis, A., Real, C., Morales, J.V.,
Pérez Ripoll, M., Tormo, C., Carrión, Y., Pérez Jordá, G., Ribera, A., Bolufer, J., Villaverde, V., 2014. Towards the identification of a new taphonomic agent: An analysis of bone accumulations obtained from modern Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) nests. Quaternary International 330, 136-149. Sanchis, A., Morales, J.V., Real, C., Eixea, A., Zilhão, J. i Villaverde, V., 2013. Los conjuntos faunísticos del Paleolítico medio del Abrigo de la Quebrada (Chelva, Valencia): problemática de estudio, metodología aplicada y síntesis de los primeros resultados, in: Sanchis A., Pascual, J. L. (Eds.) Animals i Arqueologia hui. I jornades d'Arqueozoologia del Museu de Prehistòria de València. Museu de Prehistòria de Valencia, València, pp. 65-82.
E4.5 | APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF THE CULINARY PRACTICES THROUGH THE BURNED BONES BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY FTIR–ATR
Eloísa Ferratges [1], Carlos Tornero [2] & Maria Saña [1]. Contact: eloisa.ferratges@e-campus.uab.cat
[1] Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia, Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES. [2] IPHES – Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, ES.
The field of the food preparation activities of Prehistoric times hasn’t been researched in deep. This study aims to investigate how some of the technical changes introduced in the Neolithic, i.e. pottery, could modify these activities. As the animal bones can be exposed to energetic heat during cooking, the study of the bones’ tissue modifications can provide information about the activities related to the food preparation (i.e. burnt, boiled, roasted).
In this study; we investigate the burned faunal remains recovered in La Bauma del Serrat del Pont site, located in the North-east of the Iberian Peninsula (Mesolithic and Late Neolithic levels). Our study allows the identification and classification of the thermal alterations in different categories. These categories are based on macroscopic and microscopic criteria using data from experimental works developed by other researchers. Later, we applied Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR–ATR) analyses in the Servei d’Anàlisis Químiques of the Autonomous University of Barcelona, to better understand the changes occurred in the microscopic structure composition of the bones. These results are then confronted to our initial categories of burned bones.
The results show a correlation between the macroscopic categories of thermal alteration and microscopic modifications observable with FTIR–ATR. The results obtained of FTIR–ATR also allow characterizing the bones exposed to fire at low intensity (boiled).
Thursday, April 27th
EZI – SESSION 5. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY FROM THE CHALCOLITIC TO THE IRON AGE
E5.1 | A ZOOARCHEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE FROM THE MIDDLE CHALCOLITHIC SITE OF CASTRO DA COLUMBEIRA (BOMBARRAL, CENTRAL PORTUGAL): THE FAUNAL REMAINS FROM LAYER 2
Francisco Rosa Correia [1] & Maria João Valente [1,2]. Contact: franciscomrcorreia@gmail.com
[1] Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, PT. [2] CEAACP – Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, PT.
In this paper, we aim to present the zooarchaeological study of the Middle Chalcolithic occupation at Castro da Columbeira (without Bell-Beaker culture; 3950±30 cal BP), a fortified site located in the middle Portuguese Estremadura. The fauna materials were recovered in layer 2, during the field seasons of 1992-1999, directed by João Ludgero Gonçalves.
The faunal analyses (NISP 1100+) allowed the identification of a significant variety of animal species, where domestic animals are better represented than the wild ones. Caprines (sheep and/or goat) and swine emerge as the prevalent species, while cattle is significantly less represented. Other important animals are red deer and rabbit. A few carnivores, equids, fishes, birds and molluscs have also been identified.
At the local scale, the results of this research reveal that the inhabitants of Castro da Columbeira practiced an agro-pastoral economy complemented by hunting activities. Mollusc gathering and fishing seem to have provided limited food resources. At the regional scale, this study reinforces herding, especially of sheep/goat and swine, as the main strategy for animal exploitation in the Portuguese Estremadura. However, hunting activities would have more impact in the subsistence strategies at Castro da Columbeira than in the settlements located in the lower region of Estremadura, such as Leceia, Penedo Lexim and Zambujal.
Keywords: Portuguese Estremadura, zooarcheology, middle Chalcolithic, Castro da Columbeira, agro-pastoral economy
E5.2 | ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CHALCOLITHIC CAUSEWAYED ENCLOSURE IN EL CASETÓN DE LA ERA (VALLADOLID, SPAIN): PRELIMINARY RESULTS
María Carbajo-Arana [1], Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez [2], José Antonio Rodríguez-Marcos [3], Manuel Crespo-Díez [1], Raúl Martín-Vela [1] & Germán Delibes de Castro [1]. Contact: maria.carbajo@alumnos.uva.es
[1] Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Antropología Social y Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas, Universidad de Valladolid, ES. [2] Área de Prehistoria, Universidad de León, ES. [3] Area de Prehistoria, Universidad de Burgos, ES.
Since 2006 archaeological excavations carried out at El Casetón de la Era site (Villalba de los Alcores, Valladolid) have documented, among other materials, a large number of faunal remains.
El Casetón de la Era (Delibes de Castro et al., 2016) is an archaeological site that reveals a Pre-Beaker Copper Age occupation in which a series of negative structures (ditches and pits) have been documented. At the same site, several pits have been also identified and attributed to a later occupation during the Bronze Age. The main Pre-Beaker Copper Age structures relate this site to what is known as causewayed enclosures (three concentric ditches), turning this place into a landmark for the study and understanding of enclosures, whose significance is yet rather unclear.
Preliminary zooarchaeological results are presented in this article with the aim of providing information in order to understand the significance of enclosures. The archaeological record shows the predominance of domestic animals, especially sheep, goats, cattle and pigs. Dogs have been also documented, although their presence is reduced.
Wild fauna has a lower presence in absolute figures; however, meat values are quite relevant as a food source. The main savage species documented are aurochs, horses, deer, foxes, hares and rabbits. No evidence of fish consumption has been detected. Nevertheless, a scarce group of bivalve shells might indicate the use of these resources as food, though there is still an ongoing debate about this.
Keywords: zooarchaeology, causewayed enclosure, Pre-Beaker Copper Age, husbandry, hunting, Duero valley
References: Delibes de Castro, G., Crespo Díez, M., Rodríguez Marcos, J. A., 2016. Anatomía de un recinto de fosos calcolítico del valle medio del Duero: el Casetón de la Era (Villalba de los Alcores, Valladolid), in: Bonet Rosado, H. (Ed.), Del neolític a l’edat del bronze en el Mediterrani occidental. Estudis en homenatge a Bernat Martí Oliver. Diputación de Valencia, Valencia, Trabajos Varios SIP 119, pp. 387-401.
E5.3 | ISOTOPIC ANALYSES OF CATTLE FROM ZAMBUJAL AND LECEIA: NEW INSIGHTS INTO ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICES IN CHALCOLITHIC PORTUGAL
Lizzie Wright [1], Anna J. Waterman [2], Michael Kunst [3], João Luís Cardoso [4], Robert H Tykot [5] & David W. Peate [6]. Contact: e.wright@sheffield.ac.uk
[1] University of Sheffield, UK. [2] Mount Mercy University, US. [3] German Archaeological Institute, Madrid, ES. [4] Centro de Estudos Arqueológicos, Munícipio de Oeiras, PT. [5] University of South Florida, US. [6] University of Iowa, US.
The Portuguese Chalcolithic (c. 3500-2000 BC) was a time of significant social and economic changes, including the expansion of complex settlements and exchange networks. Animals played an important role in these transforming economies, and numerous zooarchaeological studies have explored animal husbandry practices at settlement sites
