Intervenção em Terapia de Casal¹
Betina Casanova Forgearini² Helena Centeno Hintz³
Resumo
Hof e Berman, em 1986, desenvolveram o genograma sexual, instru-PHQWRFULDGRFRPD¿QDOLGDGHGHUHODFLRQDUDVH[SHULrQFLDVGRVLQGLYtGXRV em suas famílias de origem, com suas vivências atuais em sexualidade. Frente a esta ideia, será apresentado um estudo de caso em que o instru-mento foi utilizado para auxiliar na compreensão dos padrões atuais de com-portamento do casal em questão, assim como as origens destes padrões. Apresentamos, no decorrer do artigo, estudos teóricos sobre a transmissão de padrões familiares exercidas pela família de origem, a formação do casal DSDUWLUGDLQÀXrQFLDWUDQVJHUDFLRQDODVSHFWRVGHLQWLPLGDGHHVH[XDOLGDGH da vida dos cônjuges, correlacionando estes temas com a prática clínica.
Palavras-chave: transgeracionalidade; família de origem; sexualida-de; intimidasexualida-de; genograma sexual.
Sexual Genogram: An Intervention Strategy in Couple Therapy
Abstract
Hof and Berman, in 1986, developed the sexual genogram, an ins-trument created in order to relate the individual experiences in the family of origin with the current sexuality of the couple. This paper presents a case study in which the sexual genogram was used to assist a couple to understand their present behavior patterns, as well as the origin of those patterns. We present theoretical studies about the family patterns
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sion exercised by the family of origin, the couple formation according to the WUDQVJHQHUDWLRQDOLQÀXHQFHLQWLPDF\DQGVH[XDOLW\DVSHFWVRIWKHFRXSOH¶V life, correlating those aspects with clinical practice.
Keywords: transgenerationality; family of origin; sexuality; intimacy; sexual genogram. Introdução 2EVHUYDQGRDJUDQGHLQÀXrQFLDGDVIDPtOLDVGHRULJHPQRVSURFHVVRV WHUDSrXWLFRVWDQWRHPSDFLHQWHVLQGLYLGXDLVTXDQWRHPFDVDLVHIDPtOLDV VXUJLXDLGHLDGHGHVHQYROYHUHVWHHVWXGR$OpPGLVVRWHPRVHVSHFLDODSUHoR SHORDWHQGLPHQWRGHFDVDLVHSHODVTXHVW}HVGHLQWLPLGDGHHVH[XDOLGDGH 3RUHVVDUD]mRDSUHVHQWDUHPRVXPDEUHYHUHYLVmRWHyULFDVREUHRVIHQ{-PHQRVGDWUDQVJHUDFLRQDOLGDGHDIRUPDomRGRFDVDOHDVSHFWRVGHVXD LQWLPLGDGHHVH[XDOLGDGH$FUHGLWDPRVTXHHVWHVSRQWRVVmRHVVHQFLDLVSDUD DFRPSUHHQVmRGRLQVWUXPHQWRHPTXHVHEDVHLDRDUWLJR RJHQRJUDPD VH[XDOFULDGRSRU+RIH%HUPDQ TXHIRLXWLOL]DGRQDSUiWLFDFOtQLFD &KDPRXQRV DWHQomR D SRXFD ELEOLRJUD¿D HQFRQWUDGD XQLQGR TXHVW}HV WUDQVJHUDFLRQDLVDRUHODFLRQDPHQWRFRQMXJDOHjVH[XDOLGDGH 3RU¿PGHVFUHYHUHPRVXPFDVRFOtQLFRDFRPSDQKDGRGXUDQWHGRLV DQRV RFDVDOFRQWLQXDHPSURFHVVRGHWHUDSLD HPTXHIRLXWLOL]DGRRJH-QRJUDPDVH[XDOSRVVLELOLWDQGRTXHDVTXHVW}HVH[SRVWDVDFLPD¿TXHP HVSHFLDOPHQWHFODUDV Transgeracionalidade
Intergenerational messages are internalized by the individual HDUO\LQWKHOLIHF\FOHDQGODWHUEHFRPHDSDUWRIWKHSHUVRQ¶VLQWHUDF-WLRQDOVHW :HHNV S 4 $SHUVSHFWLYDWUDQVJHUDFLRQDOQRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGRLQGLYtGXRHGD IDPtOLDFRPSUHHQGHXPDWUDQVPLVVmRGHSDGU}HVGHLQWHUDomRTXHRFRUUH GHXPDJHUDomRSDUDRXWUDHPWRGDVDVIDPtOLDV$GLQkPLFDGDIDPtOLDGH RULJHPTXHVHFRQVWLWXLSRUPHLRGHVVHVSDGU}HVWHPJUDQGHSDUWLFLSDomR QRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRLQGLYLGXDOHIDPLOLDUGRVXMHLWRLQÀXHQFLDQGRQDVIRUPDV de relacionamento que este irá desenvolver durante a vida. (Boszormenyi-1DJ\ 6SDUN %RZHQ
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7UDGXomRGDVDXWRUDV 0HQVDJHQVHQWUHDVJHUDo}HVVmRLQWHUQDOL]DGDVSHORLQGLYtGXRQR LQtFLRGRFLFORGHYLGDHPDLVWDUGHVHWRUQDPSDUWHGRVVHXVSDGU}HVGHLQWHUDomR
2VSURFHVVRVGHWUDQVPLVVmRHQWUHJHUDo}HVVmRDPSODPHQWHHV-WXGDGRVQDiUHDGDWHUDSLDIDPLOLDUDGDSVLFRORJLDHPJHUDO2VWHUPRV intergeracionalidade e multigeracionalidade também são encontrados na OLWHUDWXUDSDUDLGHQWL¿FDURPHVPRIHQ{PHQRFRPSHTXHQDVGLIHUHQoDVQD FRQFHLWXDomRSRUpPQHVWHWUDEDOKRHVVHVWHUPRVVHUmRXWLOL]DGRVFRP RPHVPRVLJQL¿FDGR $FUHGLWDPRVTXHFRQKHFHUDOJXQVHOHPHQWRVpLPSRUWDQWHSDUDLGHQWL-¿FDUDVGLIHUHQWHVIRUoDVTXHDWXDPQDWUDQVPLVVmRHQWUHDVJHUDo}HV2V SULQFLSDLVFRQFHLWRVTXHID]HPSDUWHGRIHQ{PHQRGDWUDQVJHUDFLRQDOLGDGH são:
Lealdades são forças “invisíveis” que unem os membros da família DWUDYpVGHFRPSURPLVVRVP~WXRVHQWUHHOHV %RV]RUPHQ\L1DJ\ 6SDUN 9DORUHVVmRGH¿QLGRVSRU)DOFNH :DJQHU FRPRDVSHFWRV LGHROyJLFRVTXHDIDPtOLDRXJUXSRVRFLDOWUDQVPLWHDRVVHXVGHVFHQGHQWHV $VPHVPDVDXWRUDVGH¿QHPFUHQoDVFRPRDVSHFWRVPRUDLVDTXLORTXHD família considera certo, formam a base da identidade familiar. Mito familiar pXPFRQMXQWRGHFUHQoDVVLVWHPDWL]DGDVHFRPSDUWLOKDGDVSHORVPHPEURV GDIDPtOLDDUHVSHLWRGHSDSpLVHGDQDWXUH]DGDVUHODo}HV )HUUHLUD ,PEHU%ODFN GH¿QH VHJUHGRV FRPR LQIRUPDo}HV RX VHQWLPHQWRV TXHVmRHVFRQGLGRVSRUQmRHVWDUHPGHDFRUGRFRPDVUHJUDVIDPLOLDUHV Falcke e Wagner (2005) referem-se a ritos ou rituais como uma série de FRPSRUWDPHQWRVFRGL¿FDGRVSHODIDPtOLDFRPIXQomRGHDSUHQGL]DJHPH DOHJDGRVFRPRLQIRUPDo}HVVHOHFLRQDGDVSHODIDPtOLDSDUDVHUHPWUDQV-mitidas a seus descendentes.
$V H[SHULrQFLDV YLYLGDV SHODV SHVVRDV HP VXD IDPtOLD GH RULJHP VmRDEDVHGRDMXVWDPHQWRFRQMXJDOHGDPDWXULGDGHSVLFRVVRFLDOTXHHODV H[SHULPHQWDUmRQDYLGDDGXOWD )DOFNH &RQIRUPH&DQHYDUR há harmonia intergeracional quando cada membro da família desenvolve GHWHUPLQDGRSDSHOFRUUHVSRQGHQWHDRVHXPRPHQWRHYROXWLYRSRGHQGR LGHQWL¿FDUIXQFLRQDOLGDGHQRVLVWHPDIDPLOLDU$OpPGLVVRDWUDQVPLVVmRGH YDORUHVDIHWLYRVHFXOWXUDLVHQWUHJHUDo}HVpRTXHJDUDQWHD³VREUHYLYrQFLD GDVSHVVRDVSDUDDOpPGDPRUWHItVLFD´ &DQHYDURS $LQÀXrQFLDGDIDPtOLDGHRULJHPpXPGRVLPSRUWDQWHVIDWRUHVTXH LQWHUIHUHQDHVFROKDGRF{QMXJH$QWRQ DSRQWDSDUDDHVFROKDFRPR XPDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHVHJXLUDFDPLQKDGDIDPLOLDUGHFHUWDIRUPDEXVFDQGR um equilíbrio na relação com a família de origem.
O casamento 1DPHGLGDHPTXHSDVVDYDGRHXSDUDRQyVQmRSHUGLDPLP PHVPR(XPHH[SDQGL8PFDVDOpXPDFDL[DGHUHVVRQkQFLD$V H[SHULrQFLDVGHFDGDXPUHYHUEHUDPHUHWRUQDPDPSOL¿FDGDV 0L-QXFKLQ 1LFKROV S /HLEOXP D¿UPDTXHQRRFLGHQWHDLGHLDGHFDVDPHQWRpDFKDYH SDUDWXGR&RORFDPRVHPXPDSHVVRDH[SHFWDWLYDVTXHVHULDPVXSULGDV SHODIDPtOLDH[WHQVDSHORVDPLJRVHSHODFRPXQLGDGH*LOEHUW WDP-EpPGLVFXWHDTXHVWmRGHGHSRVLWDUPRVWRGDVDVH[SHFWDWLYDVGHIHOLFLGDGH HPXPDVySHVVRDTXHQmRWHPRDOFDQFHSDUDVXSULODV$OpPGLVVRD PHVPDDXWRUDFRPSOHPHQWDTXHRFDVDPHQWRpD~QLFDLQVWLWXLomRTXHIRJH DRFRQWUROHGDVDXWRULGDGHVJRYHUQRLJUHMD¿FDQGRHVWHVVHPDFHVVRDR que ocorre na intimidade do casal.
%RZHQ D¿UPDTXHWDQWRDKHUDQoDTXDQWRDH[SHULrQFLDHVWmR QDEDVHGRVFRPSRUWDPHQWRVHGDVFDSDFLGDGHVTXHFDGDSHVVRDWUD] SDUDGHQWURGRFDVDPHQWR(VWDEDVHLQGLFDRTXDQWRRLQGLYtGXRpFDSD] de se diferenciar emocionalmente de sua família de origem. A habilidade GHFDGDXPHPPDQWHUVHSDUDGRVRVVLVWHPDVHPRFLRQDLVGRVLQWHOHFWXDLV GHSHQGHPXLWRGRSDVVDGRPXOWLJHUDFLRQDOHGDVH[SHULrQFLDVYLYLGDVQDV SUySULDVIDPtOLDVH[WHQVDV
Whitaker (1989, In Loriedo & Strom, 2002) entende que na relação de casal existe um aumento gradual da aceitação, tolerância e até da ca-SDFLGDGHGHDSUHFLDUDORXFXUDSUHVHQWHQDIDPtOLDGRSDUFHLURDOpPGD eterna condição de ser um desconhecido na nova família, um agregado que QXQFDSHUWHQFHDHVWDFRPSOHWDPHQWH2FDVDPHQWRWRUQDVHXPSURFHVVR GHPXGDQoDHDGDSWDomRjRXWUDFXOWXUDHpYLVWRFRPRXPFRQWUDWRQmR entre dois indivíduos, mas entre duas famílias.
A formação do casal e, consequentemente, de uma nova família se dá através do encontro dos sistemas de crenças das famílias de origem dos F{QMXJHV6HJXQGR.URP FDGDXPWUD]DVPLWRORJLDVGDVXDIDPtOLD de origem, e é no casamento que ocorre o encaixe entre sistemas míticos de duas estruturas familiares diferentes. O que normalmente acontece é TXHRVPLWRVGDIDPtOLDGHXPGRVF{QMXJHVSDVVDPDQRUWHDUDHVWUXWXUD GDIDPtOLDDWXDOHQTXDQWRRVGDIDPtOLDGRRXWURF{QMXJH¿FDPFRPRFRP-SOHPHQWDUHVHQFDL[DQGRVHDRVSULQFLSDLV$DXWRUDDFUHVFHQWDFRPEDVH HPVXDSHVTXLVDVREUHRVPLWRVIDPLOLDUHVTXHQRVPRPHQWRVGLItFHLVDV QRUPDVIDPLOLDUHV¿FDPPDLVYLVtYHLVHHQWmRSRGHPRVFRQKHFHUPHOKRU TXHWLSRVGHPLWRVSHUPHLDPDIDPtOLDHTXHIRUoDWrP
$QWRQ UHVXPHRSURFHVVRGHHVFROKDGRF{QMXJHDSDUWLUGD WUDQVPLVVmRHQWUHJHUDo}HV$FUHGLWDTXHRSURFHVVRQmRpH[FOXVLYRGR QRLYRRXGDQRLYDSRLVHVWiLQWHQVDPHQWHOLJDGRjVIDPtOLDVGHRULJHP DWUDYpVGDWUDQVPLVVmRGRVVLVWHPDVPtWLFRVSRUPRWLYDo}HVFRQVFLHQWHV HLQFRQVFLHQWHVSHODUHSHWLomRGHSDGU}HVIDPLOLDUHVHQWUHRXWURV$VVLP o estabelecimento de vínculos afetivos e a atração amorosa e sexual estão VXERUGLQDGRV jV LQÀXrQFLDV TXH FDGD SDUFHLUR WUD] GRV VLVWHPDV SHORV TXDLVIRUDPIRUPDGRVHHVWmRLQVHULGRV'HVWDPDQHLUD¿FDHVWDEHOHFLGD XPDFRQWLQXLGDGHHQWUHDVJHUDo}HVHSDVVDDVHUQDWXUDOTXHRVFDVDLV VHIRUPHPGHDFRUGRFRPDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHVHJXLUDFDPLQKDGDIDPLOLDU &RQ¿UPDQGRHVWHSRQWRGHYLVWD%RZHQ SRVWXODTXHVHPVH GDUFRQWDRLQGLYtGXRFDVDVHFRPDUHFULDomRSHUIHLWDGDSUySULDIDPtOLD GHRULJHP&DGDF{QMXJHSDVVDHQWmRDWHQWDUFRDJLURRXWURLQFRQVFLHQ-WHPHQWHGHPRGRDID]rORUHVSRQViYHOSHODVLQMXVWLoDVVRIULGDVHSHORV PpULWRVDFXPXODGRVQDVXDSUySULDIDPtOLDH[WHQVD.URP MXVWL¿FD TXH HVWD UHSHWLomR GH SDGU}HV FRVWXPD RFRUUHU SRUTXH RV LQGLYtGXRV desenvolvem, nas famílias de origem, vícios emocionais em forma de ex-SHFWDWLYDVHUHDWLYLGDGHDFHUWDVSHVVRDVHUHODFLRQDPHQWRVTXHVHQmR VmRUHQHJRFLDGRVQDLGDGHDGXOWDDFDEDPGHVORFDGRVSDUDRFDVDPHQWR 2VSDLVVmRFRQVLGHUDGRVPRGHORVQDIRUPDomRGDLGHQWLGDGHVH[XDO HURPkQWLFDGHVHXV¿OKRV6DWLU SHQVDTXHHVVHV¿OKRVWrPPHQRV OLEHUGDGHGHHVFROKDGRTXHVHDFUHGLWD4XDQGRQmRKiDSURYDomRSHOD IRUPDGHVHUHODFLRQDUGRVSDLVDHVFROKDSHORFRQKHFLGRPHVPRTXHLQ-F{PRGRSDUHFHPDLVVHJXUDGRTXHHQIUHQWDUXPDSDGUmRWRWDOPHQWHQRYR &DQHYDUR DSUHVHQWDDLGHLDGHTXHRYtQFXORGHDOLDQoD FD-VDPHQWR WHPXPYDORUDQWURSROyJLFRFXOWXUDOHpGLIHUHQWHGRYtQFXOR¿OLDO TXHXQHRVF{QMXJHVFRPVHXVSUySULRVSDLV&RQVLGHUDHVWDXPDUHODomR LQYHUVDPHQWHSURSRUFLRQDORXVHMDHQTXDQWRXPYtQFXORVHIRUWDOHFHR RXWURSHUGHIRUoDV2SURFHVVRGHGLIHUHQFLDomRHQWUHDVJHUDo}HVVySRGH ser alcançado através do fortalecimento do vínculo de aliança. Quando RYtQFXOR¿OLDOSUHYDOHFHVREUHRFDVDPHQWRSURGX]HPVHDVFRDOL]}HV5 intergeracionais. 3DUD)DOFNH DSRVVLELOLGDGHGHXPUHODFLRQDPHQWRHVWDUHP KDUPRQLDFRPRVGHVHMRVDWXDLVGRVF{QMXJHVGHSHQGHGRGHVOLJDPHQWR GHSHVVRDVHUHODo}HVVLJQL¿FDWLYDVTXHDPERVHVWDEHOHFHUDPQDLQIkQFLD (QFRQWURXHPVXDSHVTXLVDEDL[DFRUUHODomRHQWUHDVH[SHULrQFLDVQDID-mília de origem e a qualidade do relacionamento conjugal, além de entender
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6HJXQGR1LFKROV 6FKZDUW] FRDOL]}HVVmRDOLDQoDVHQWUHGXDVSHVVRDVRXXQLGDGHV sociais contra uma terceira.
que o distanciamento das famílias de origem é saudável. A mesma autora DFUHVFHQWDTXHDVIRUoDVWUDQVJHUDFLRQDLVVmRDSHQDVSDUWHGRFRQMXQWR GHIDWRUHVLPSOLFDGRVQDFRPSOH[LGDGHGRUHODFLRQDPHQWRFRQMXJDO$QWRQ HPUHODomRjVLQÀXrQFLDVH[HUFLGDVSHORVVLVWHPDVQRVTXDLVRV SDUFHLURVHVWmRLQVHULGRVHIRUDPFULDGRVFLWDFRPRSDGU}HVPDLVDIHWDGRV o estabelecimento de vínculos afetivos, as características das alianças estabelecidas entre o casal e a atração amorosa e sexual.
Intimidade e sexualidade
The ability to reach orgasm is a relatively easy goal. To achieve orgasm with someone who loves us and whom we love is a very GLI¿FXOWWDVNEHFDXVHLQRUGHUWRUHDFKWKHSHDNRIHFVWDV\ZHDOVR QHHGWRVKDUHWKHYDOOH\VRIGHVSDLUDQGKXUW6H[DVDSK\VLFDODFW is negotiable. Sex as an act of love-being and intimacy can only be VKDUHG /¶$EDWH 7DOPDGJH S 6
)XNV GH¿QHLQWLPLGDGHFRPRXPDIRUPDGHGDUHVSDoRSDUD outro ser humano dentro de si mesmo, reconhecendo que existem riscos com essa condição. De acordo com L’Abate e Talmadge (1987), intimi-GDGHQRFDVDPHQWRVLJQL¿FDTXHFDGDSDUFHLURWUD]HSDUWLFLSDFRPVXD IRUoDGRHJRSRGHUHLQWHUGHSHQGrQFLDYXOQHUDELOLGDGHWRTXHFRQ¿DQoD PXWXDOLGDGH &RP IUHTXrQFLD FDVDLV FRP GL¿FXOGDGHV VH[XDLV LQGLFDP GL¿FXOGDGHVGHLQWLPLGDGH$LQWLPLGDGHQDYLGDGRFDVDOpXPGRVIDWRUHV GHWHUPLQDQWHVHPXPDYLGDVH[XDOSUD]HURVDHVDWLVIDWyULD&DGDFDVDOWHP VXDSUySULDFRPSUHHQVmRGHLQWLPLGDGHHGHFRPRHVWDVHH[SUHVVDDVVLP FRPRH[LVWHPPXLWDVGLIHUHQWHVGH¿QLo}HVSDUDHVWHFRQFHLWRQDOLWHUDWXUD eLPSRUWDQWHDMXGDURFDVDODGH¿QLURTXHHQWHQGHPSRULQWLPLGDGHHTXH PHGRVSRGHPWHU :HHNV /¶$EDWH 7DOPDGJH D¿UPDPTXHDPRULQWLPLGDGHHVH[RVmR DEDVHGDVUHODo}HVSULPLWLYDVtQWLPDVHGHFRPSURPLVVRFRPRRFDVD-PHQWRGHXPDIRUPDPXLWRSURIXQGDHSULPiULD5HIRUoDPTXHHVWHVQmR são negociáveis em uma relação de casal, ao contrário do uso do dinheiro,
SRUH[HPSORSRLVDPRUHLQWLPLGDGHVmREDVHDGRVHPVHQWLPHQWRVHSUH-6
7UDGXomR GDV DXWRUDV $ FDSDFLGDGH GH DWLQJLU XP RUJDVPR p XP REMHWLYR UHODWLYDPHQWH fácil. Para atingir um orgasmo com alguém que nos ama e que amamos é uma tarefa muito GLItFLOSRLVFRPR¿PGHDWLQJLURSLFRGHr[WDVHSUHFLVDPRVWDPEpPFRPSDUWLOKDUYDORUHV GHH[SHULrQFLDHGRU2VH[RFRPRXPDWRItVLFRpQHJRFLiYHO2VH[RFRPRXPDWRGHDPRU HLQWLPLGDGHVySRGHVHUFRPSDUWLOKDGR
FLVDPVHUFRPSDUWLOKDGRV6HJXQGR)XNV DLQWLPLGDGHGRFDVDOVH FRQVWLWXLDSDUWLUGHGLYHUVRVIDWRUHVFRPRDKLVWyULDRVUHODWRVDVFUHQoDV HRVVRQKRVRFRPSDQKHLULVPRHDFXPSOLFLGDGHDQRYLGDGHDUHODomR O~GLFDRSUD]HURHURWLVPRRVH[RDFRQ¿DQoDHDVD¿QLGDGHVVHQGRTXH estes fatores também se relacionam entre si.
6H[XDOLGDGHHQYROYHDPRULQWLPLGDGHHTXHVW}HVGHJrQHUR$VH[X-DOLGDGHIXQFLRQDFRPRXPDVSHFWRPDOHiYHOGRHXXPSRQWRGHFRQH[mR SULPiULRHQWUHRFRUSRDLGHQWLGDGHHDVQRUPDVVRFLDLV *LGGHQV
.DSODQ GHVWDFDTXHDRFRQWUiULRGRVDQLPDLVRVH[RQRVVHUHV KXPDQRVQmRHVWiXQLFDPHQWHOLJDGRjUHSURGXomR+RPHQVHPXOKHUHV VmR HVWLPXODGRV H H[FLWDGRV SRU GLYHUVRV SDUFHLURV FHQiULRV VtPERORV VH[XDLV H IDQWDVLDV$OpP GLVVR R LQWHUHVVH SRU VH[R HVWi GLUHWDPHQWH OLJDGRDRHVWDGRHPRFLRQDOGRLQGLYtGXRHjTXDOLGDGHGDVXDUHODomRFRP RSDUFHLUR$FUHVFHQWDTXHVREUHSRVWRjTXHVWmRJHQpWLFDGHEXVFDUSDU-FHLURVSHORIDYRUHFLPHQWRGDVREUHYLYrQFLDGDHVSpFLHDGTXLULPRVGHVHMRV VH[XDLVSUHIHUrQFLDVHIDQWDVLDVFRPRFRQVHTXrQFLDGHQRVVDVKLVWyULDV DSUHQGL]DGRVHH[SHULrQFLDVLQGLYLGXDLV )XNV DFUHGLWDTXHRSURFHVVRGHFRQVWUXomRFRQMXQWDGDYLGD GHFDVDOSURSLFLDXPWHUULWyULRtQWLPRHSURWHJLGR$OpPGLVVRDVYDULDo}HV que a modernidade traz ao conceito de sexualidade, agora diferenciado de SURFULDomRRTXHWRUQDIDFWtYHOTXHH[LVWDPUHODo}HVVH[XDLVFRPTXHP QmRVHFRPSDUWLOKDHVSDoRVGHLQWLPLGDGH1RPXQGRGDLQWLPLGDGHRVVR-QKRVLPSXOVLRQDPDUHODomRHPERUDRDQGDLPHVHVXVWHQWHQRVSULQFtSLRV Os casais, que já não sonham juntos ou que tenham sonhos divergentes, GHL[DUDPGHWHUXPIXWXURFRPSDUWLOKDGR,VVRQmRLPSOLFDQRWpUPLQRGD relação, mas é um indicador crítico que deve ser levado em conta.
Weeks (1987) sugere que é comum a confusão entre os conceitos de VH[RHDIHLomRQRVFDVDLVTXHEXVFDPWHUDSLDVH[XDOLQFOXLQGRDTXHOHV FRPLQLELomRGRGHVHMRVH[XDO(PJHUDOXPGRVSDUFHLURVDFUHGLWDTXHR afeto é demonstrado através do ato sexual, enquanto o outro acredita na DIHLomRFRPRXPYDORUSRUVLVyHYrTXDOTXHUWHQWDWLYDGHH[SUHVVDUDIHWR FRPRVLQDOGHVHGXomRVH[XDO7DOFRQIXVmRDFRQWHFHSRUTXHRVHJXQGR MiHVWiKDELWXDGRFRPDIRUPDTXHRSULPHLURUHODFLRQDVH[RHDIHLomR &RPRFRQVHTXrQFLDRFDVDOWURFDVH[RSRUDIHWRHYLFHYHUVDVHQGRTXH QHQKXP¿FDVDWLVIHLWRFRPRUHVXOWDGRGDWURFD
Berman e Hof (1987) consideram que a sexualidade constitui uma IRUoDRUJDQL]DGRUDQDYLGDGRFDVDOFDSDFLWDQGRRVDVHGHVOLJDUHPGH VXDV IDPtOLDV GH RULJHP SDUD IRUPDU XPD GtDGH H FRPSURYDU DRV VHXV SDLVHVHXV¿OKRVTXHVmRDGXOWRV6HQGRRVH[RXPDIRUoDXQL¿FDGRUD DRSHUPLWLUTXHXPDQRYDIDPtOLDVHGHVHQYROYDIRUDGDVGXDVIDPtOLDV
GH RULJHP R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD VH[XDOLGDGH GRV F{QMXJHV HQTXDQWR ¿OKRVSRGHVHUFRQVLGHUDGR³VXEYHUVLYR´HPERUDQHFHVViULDQRVHQWLGR GRGHVHQYROYLPHQWR,VWRpRVLPSXOVRVVH[XDLVGR¿OKRDIDVWDPVXDYLGD WDQWRQDIDQWDVLDTXDQWRQDUHDOLGDGHGDGRVVHXVSDLVHRDSUR[LPDPGH VLPHVPR'HVWDPDQHLUDDIDOWDGHH[SUHVVmRVH[XDOH¿FD]RXDSUHVHQoD de disfunção sexual entre os membros da díade tornam os casais mais DEHUWRVDFRDOL]}HVHQWUHJHUDo}HVRTXHSRUVXDYH]GHL[DRFDVDOPDLV YXOQHUiYHODGLVIXQo}HVVH[XDLV(VVDVFRDOL]}HVWHUmRLPSRUWDQWHHIHLWR VREUHDVJHUDo}HVVHJXLQWHV $VH[XDOLGDGHpRSURFHVVRRQGHH[SUHVVDPRVRTXHVRPRVFRPR SHQVDPRVHVHQWLPRVVREUHQRVVRJrQHURQRVVRVyUJmRVVH[XDLVQRVVR FRUSRQRVVDDXWRLPDJHPHVFROKDVHSUHIHUrQFLDV$H[SHULrQFLDGHHVWDU QXDRODGRGHXPSDUFHLURHPXPSURFHVVRGHGDUHUHFHEHUSUD]HUpR HVWDGRGHPDLRUYXOQHUDELOLGDGHHGHSHQGrQFLD /¶$EDWH 7DOPDGJH
Leiblum descreve a intimidade sexual:
A intimidade sexual é um ato de generosidade e egocentrismo. 3UHFLVDPRVVHUFDSD]HVGHHQWUDUQRRXWURVHPRWHUURUGHVHUPRV HQJROLGRVHQRVSHUGHUPRV$RPHVPRWHPSRGHYHPRVVHUFDSD-]HVGHHQWUDUHPQyVPHVPRVGHQRVUHQGHUPRVjDXWRDEVRUomR TXDQGRQDSUHVHQoDGRRXWURDFUHGLWDQGRTXHHOHDLQGDHVWDUiOi TXDQGR UHWRUQDUPRV TXH HOH QmR VH VHQWLUi UHMHLWDGR SRU QRVVD DXVrQFLDPRPHQWkQHD$DXWRDEVRUomRLQHUHQWHjH[FLWDomRVH[XDO oblitera o outro de uma forma que vai contra o ideal de intimidade. 0XLWDVSHVVRDVDFUHGLWDPTXHSRGHPRVVHUVHQVXDLVHLPRGHUDGDV DSHQDVFRPLQGLYtGXRVTXHQmRFRQKHFHPEHPRXFRPTXHPQmR VHLPSRUWDPPXLWR S
É nessa intimidade que se estabelece a consciência do outro e o GHVOLJDPHQWRGHQyVPHVPRVEHPFRPRDGLVSRQLELOLGDGHSDUDWDPDQKD H[SRVLomR$OpPGLVVRDTXHVWmRGDLQWLPLGDGHpDSHQDVXPGRVYiULRV IDWRUHVUHVSRQViYHLVSHODVH[XDOLGDGHGRFDVDO$FUHGLWDTXHRIRUWDOHFL-PHQWRGRFXLGDGRHDIHLomRQmRpVX¿FLHQWHSDUDSURGX]LUGHVHMRHUyWLFR &RQVLGHUDTXHDPRUHGHVHMRWrPUHODomRFRQÀLWDQWHRXVHMDRSULPHLUR EXVFDDHVWDELOLGDGHHQTXDQWRRVHJXQGRGHSHQGHGDQRYLGDGHGRPLV-WpULRGRLQHVSHUDGR$IDPLOLDULGDGHHDFRQWLQXLGDGHSRGHPVHJXQGRD DXWRUDHVJRWDUDSDL[mRQRUHODFLRQDPHQWR$LGHLDpFRPSOHPHQWDGDFRP DPHQomRGHTXHVypSRVVtYHOTXHKDMDDWUDomRTXDQGRVHHVWiDXPD ³GLVWkQFLDFRQIRUWiYHO´GRRXWURDSRQWRGHGLIHUHQFLiORGHQyVPHVPRV (Leiblum, 2012).
Genograma sexual
Não existem áreas da relação conjugal nas quais as famílias de RULJHPGRVF{QMXJHVQmRFRQVLJDPHQWUDUHID]HUSHVDUVXDSUHVHQoD /RULHGR 6WURPS +RIH%HUPDQ XWLOL]DUDPVHGRJHQRJUDPDGHVHQYROYLGRSRU 0XUUD\%RZHQHDGDSWDGRSRU*XHULQH3HQGDJDVW ,Q+RIH%HU- PDQ H:DFKWHO ,Q+RIH%HUPDQ SDUDFULDUXPLQV-WUXPHQWRTXHDX[LOLDVVHRVFDVDLVDFRPSUHHQGHUGHTXHIRUPDDKLVWyULD HYLYrQFLDQDVIDPtOLDVGHRULJHPLQÀXHQFLDPHPVXDYLYrQFLDDWXDOGH VH[XDOLGDGHHLQWLPLGDGH2JHQRJUDPDFOiVVLFRpXPGLDJUDPDGHSHOR PHQRVWUrVJHUDo}HVTXHFRQWrPDVSHVVRDVTXHID]HPSDUWHGDIDPtOLD EHPFRPRVmRVLQDOL]DGRVQDVFLPHQWRVyELWRVFDVDPHQWRVHVHSDUDo}HV HDOpPGLVVRLQIRUPDo}HVVREUHFRPRVHUHODFLRQDPRVPHPEURVGDID-PtOLD(VWHPDSDIDFLOLWDDFRPSUHHQVmRGHPXLWDVIRUoDVTXHWrPLPSDFWR no desenvolvimento e funcionamento dos sistemas individual, de casal e de IDPtOLDeSRUWDQWRH[WUHPDPHQWH~WLOSDUDRSODQHMDPHQWRGHLQWHUYHQo}HV 2 JHQRJUDPD VH[XDO p XPD IRUPD GH REWHU LQIRUPDo}HV TXH SR-GHPDX[LOLDURLQGLYtGXRDFRPSUHHQGHURVSDGU}HVGHLQWHUDomRIDPLOLDU VHJUHGRVVH[XDLVGDIDPtOLDHGLVWRUo}HVFRJQLWLYDVWUDQVPLWLGDVDWUDYpV GDVJHUDo}HV(VWHLQVWUXPHQWRSURSRUFLRQDDH[SUHVVmRGHDIHWRVDQWHV ocultos e faz com que o indivíduo tenha uma visão mais objetiva de ques-W}HVVH[XDLVPXLWDVYH]HVVHQGRVLJQL¿FDWLYRQDUHVROXomRLPHGLDWDGRV FRQÀLWRVHSURSLFLDQGRPXGDQoDVSRVLWLYDVQDTXDOLGDGHGRUHODFLRQDPHQWR do casal (Hof & Berman, 1986).
Para utilizar o genograma sexual é indicado que a avaliação inicial GDWHUDSLDWHQKDVLGRFRQFOXtGDeLPSRUWDQWHTXHRFDVDOHVWHMDHPXP FOLPDGHFRQ¿DQoD VHPFULVHDJXGD HTXHWHQKDXPERPUHODFLRQDPHQWR WHUDSrXWLFR 7DPEpP p IXQGDPHQWDO TXH DPERV HVWHMDP GH DFRUGR HP H[SORUDUDVTXHVW}HVGHkPELWRVH[XDO +RI %HUPDQ
2 SURFHVVR GH FRQVWUXomR GR JHQRJUDPD VH[XDO VH ID] HP FLQFR HWDSDV
$LQWURGXomRFRPSUHHQGHXPDRULHQWDomRH[SOLFDWLYDVREUHSURFHVVRV de desenvolvimento individual, de casal e de sistemas familiares. Na fase GHFULDomRHH[SORUDomRGRJHQRJUDPDDFRQVWUXomRSRGHVHUIHLWDGXUDQWH DVVHVV}HVRXSRGHPVHUHODERUDGRVHPFDVDVHQGRFRPSDUWLOKDGRVHP VHVVmRTXDQGRRWUDEDOKRHVWLYHUFRPSOHWR&RPIUHTXrQFLDRVF{QMXJHV HVFXWDPDKLVWyULDGRRXWURGHXPDQRYDSHUVSHFWLYDHFRPPDLVVHQVLELOL-GDGHHHPSDWLDFRPRUHVXOWDGRGHVXDHVWUXWXUDomRDWUDYpVGDYLYrQFLDGR
PHVPRSURFHVVR$OpPGLVVRXPSRGHFRPSOHPHQWDUFRPLQIRUPDo}HVR GLDJUDPDGRRXWURMiTXHQmRHVWiHPRFLRQDOPHQWHHQYROYLGRQRSURFHVVR (Hof & Berman, 1986).
1DFULDomRHH[SORUDomRGRJHQRJUDPDVH[XDOVmRDSUHVHQWDGDVDR FDVDOTXHVW}HVUHODFLRQDGDVDH[SHULrQFLDVHPHQVDJHQVGHkPELWRVH[XDO vivenciadas na família de origem, bem como ideias que outros membros GDIDPtOLDSRVVDPWHUVREUHRWHPD6HJXHPDVTXHVW}HVSURSRVWDVSRU Hof e Berman (1986): 4XDLVVmRDVPHQVDJHQVS~EOLFDVYHODGDVQHVWDIDPtOLDTXDQWRj VH[XDOLGDGHLQWLPLGDGH"4XDQWRjPDVFXOLQLGDGHIHPLQLOLGDGH" 4XHPGLVVHIH]RTXr"4XHPHVWHYHYLVLYHOPHQWHVLOHQFLRVRDXVHQWH QDiUHDGDVH[XDOLGDGHLQWLPLGDGH" 4XHPIRLRPDLVDEHUWRVH[XDOPHQWH",QWLPDPHQWH"'HTXHPRGR" &RPR IRL HQFRUDMDGD D VH[XDOLGDGHLQWLPLGDGH" 'HVHQFRUDMDGD" &RQWURODGD"1XPDJHUDomR"(QWUHJHUDo}HV"
4XHSHUJXQWDVYRFrWLQKDUHIHUHQWHjVH[XDOLGDGHLQWLPLGDGHHP VXDiUYRUHJHQHDOyJLFDTXHWHPHVWDGRUHOXWDQWHHPID]HU"4XHP SRGHULDWHUDVUHVSRVWDV"&RPRYRFrSRGHULDGHVFREULUDVUHVSRVWDV" 4XDLV IRUDP RV VHJUHGRV HP VXD IDPtOLD TXDQWR j VH[XDOLGDGH LQWLPLGDGH LQFHVWRJUDYLGH]LQGHVHMDGDFDVRVH[WUDFRQMXJDLVHWF " 2TXHRVRXWURVDWRUHVQRSDOFRWrPDGL]HUHPUHODomRjVSHUJXQWDV DFLPD"&RPRHVVDVTXHVW}HVDFRQWHFLPHQWRVHH[SHULrQFLDVWLYHUDP LPSDFWR VREUH HOHHOD" 'HQWUR GH XPD JHUDomR" (QWUH JHUDo}HV" &RPTXHPYRFrIDORXVREUHLVVR"&RPTXHPJRVWDULDGHIDODUVREUH LVVR"&RPRSRGHULDID]rOR" &RPRVHXSDUFHLURSHUFHEHDVXDiUYRUHJHQHDOyJLFDJHQRJUDPD HPUHODomRjVTXHVW}HVDQWHVPHQFLRQDGDV"&RPRYRFrSHUFHEH DGHOHGHOD" &RPRLULDPXGDUHVVHJHQRJUDPD LQFOXVLYHTXHPHRTXr SDUD VDWLVID]HU R TXH YRFr GHVHMDULD TXH WLYHVVH DFRQWHFLGR TXDQWR jV PHQVDJHQVHH[SHULrQFLDVGHVH[XDOLGDGHLQWLPLGDGH"
Fonte: Hof & Berman (1986)7 1D IDVH GH H[SORUDomR H GLVFXVVmR GR PDWHULDO GR JHQRJUDPD p VROLFLWDGRTXHFDGDXPFRQWHVXDKLVWyULDHRXoDDGRRXWURSDUDFROHWDU LQIRUPDo}HVVREUHIDWRVVHQWLPHQWRVHLPSUHVV}HVGHVFREULUOHJDGRVGH
7
QDWXUH]DWUDQVJHUDFLRQDOSDUDDSUHQGHUVREUHDIDPtOLDGRRXWURHXVDU HVVHDSUHQGL]DGRFRPRIRUPDGHIDFLOLWDUDFRPSUHHQVmRGRIXQFLRQDPHQWR DWXDOHUHVROXomRGHFRQÀLWRVSUHVHQWHV3DUD¿QDOL]DUID]VHDUHYLVmRGR SURFHVVRHLQWHJUDomRFRPRSODQRWHUDSrXWLFRWHQGRRREMHWLYRGHSHU-PLWLUXPDUHÀH[mRVREUHRSURFHVVRGHFRQVWUXomRGRJHQRJUDPDVH[XDO FRPrQIDVHHPTXHVW}HVVREUHRTXHIRLDSUHQGLGRHFRPRFDGDF{QMXJH SHQVDHPXWLOL]DUHVVHDSUHQGL]DGRSDUDUHVROYHUVHXVSUREOHPDVGHUH-lacionamento sexual. É na discussão dos insights, sentimentos e legados TXHVXUJHXPDQRYDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHYHUFRPPDLRUDSUHFLDomRHPSDWLD HREVHUYDomRREMHWLYDRTXHRFRUUHXHPVXDIDPtOLDHFRPRWHYHLPSDFWR sobre todos os seus membros (Berman & Hof, 1987).
)UDPR DSUHVHQWDDLGHLDGHWUD]HUDIDPtOLDGHRULJHP GRVF{QMXJHVjVHVVmRWHUDSrXWLFD6XJHUHTXHVHIDoDVHSDUDGDPHQWHR HQFRQWURGHFDGDF{QMXJHFRPVHXVSDLVYLVWRTXHPXLWRVSRGHULDPQmR FRQVHJXLUIDODUGLDQWHGHXPSDUHQWHDGTXLULGR&RQVLGHUDTXHIRFDUQD IDPtOLDGHRULJHPpHVVHQFLDOWDQWRHPWHUDSLDGHFDVDOTXDQWRHPWHUDSLDV GHIDPtOLDHLQGLYLGXDO5HODWDTXHHPVXDH[SHULrQFLDSHUFHEHUHVLVWrQFLD GHPXLWRVSDFLHQWHVIUHQWHjSURSRVWDGHHQFRQWUDUDIDPtOLDGHRULJHP(P XPSURFHVVRWHUDSrXWLFRHVVHDXWRUFRVWXPDSHGLUDRFDVDOXPDEUHYH história das famílias de origem de cada um. Na sequência, questiona o RXWURF{QMXJHVREUHFRPRHQWHQGHDGHVFULomRIHLWDSHORSDUFHLURVREUHD IDPtOLDFRPRYrRSDLDPmHRVLUPmRVGRRXWURHFRPRHVWHVHUHODFLR-QDFRPVXDSUySULDIDPtOLD0XLWDVYH]HVRF{QMXJHDFUHVFHQWDDVSHFWRV SDUWLFXODUHVTXHRRXWURWHQKDQHJOLJHQFLDGR (PFRQWUDSDUWLGD$QGRO¿ DFUHGLWDTXHDSUHVHQoDGRF{QMXJH pLPSRUWDQWHQDVHVVmRFRPDIDPtOLDGRRXWURFRPEDVHQDLGHLDGHTXH D SUHVHQoD ItVLFD GR SDUFHLUR p XPD FRQ¿UPDomR PHVPR TXH LQGLUHWD GHTXHVHHVWiWUDEDOKDQGRVREUHDVSUREOHPiWLFDVGRFDVDO$FUHVFHQWD TXHpXPPRPHQWRLPSRUWDQWHSDUDVHDYDOLDUDFDSDFLGDGHGHFDGDXP GHVHH[SRUIUHQWHDRRXWURGHL[DQGRWUDQVSDUHFHUQHFHVVLGDGHVDIHWLYDV HIUDTXH]DVTXHSRGHPHVWDURFXOWDVPHVPRDSyVDQRVGHFRQYLYrQFLD $OpPGLVVRSRQWXDTXHpXPDERDRSRUWXQLGDGHSDUDRWHUDSHXWDPRVWUDU DRFDVDOTXHDIDPtOLDGHRULJHPIXQFLRQDFRPRXPUHFXUVRSRVLWLYRHQmR DFDXVDGDVGL¿FXOGDGHV 1RIXQGRRWUDEDOKRWHUDSrXWLFRFRPRVVLVWHPDVIDPLOLDUHVGH RULJHPFRQWpPXPHOHPHQWRIRUWHPHQWHSDUDGR[DO ³5HWRUQDUSDUD SDUWLU PHOKRU´$ EXVFD GH XPD PHOKRU GLIHUHQFLDomR p DOFDQoDGD QXWULQGRVHDWpFKHJDUjPDWXULGDGHFRPRXPDIUXWDTXDQGRpFROKL-GDQRPRPHQWRFHUWRHGDQGRVHTXrQFLDjPHWiIRUDQmRTXDQGRp
FRUWDGDGDiUYRUHDLQGDYHUGHSDUDFRQVHUYiODPHOKRUQDJHODGHLUD ³'DUXPSDVVRDWUiVHGRLVjIUHQWH´VLJQL¿FDUHWLUDUIRUoDGDTXHOD HQHUJLDPDOXWLOL]DGDSDUDWHQWDUQHXWUDOL]DURVGHVDUUDQMRVGDVOLJD-o}HVUHODFLRQDLVHXWLOL]iODSDUDXPDLQVHUomRFULDWLYDQDVRFLHGDGH &DQHYDURS
$ LGHLD GH &DQHYDUR FRQ¿UPD D LPSRUWkQFLD GD XWLOL]DomR GRVLQVWUXPHQWRVTXHSRVVLELOLWDPDFRPSUHHQVmRGRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGDV IDPtOLDVGHRULJHPHVXDIRUWHSUHVHQoDQRFRPSRUWDPHQWRDWXDOGRVLQGL-YtGXRV2JHQRJUDPDVH[XDOSHUPLWHDRVF{QMXJHVXPUHWRUQRjKLVWyULD IDPLOLDUHDFRQVWUXomRGHXPDQRYDQDUUDWLYDSDUDHVWDKLVWyULDGHVWDYH] SRGHQGRUHDOL]DUHVFROKDVFRQVFLHQWHVVREUHTXHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHSDGU}HV GDVIDPtOLDVGHRULJHPTXHUHPPDQWHURXQmRSDUDVXDIDPtOLDQXFOHDU
A seguir relatamos um estudo de caso em que foram utilizadas as LGHLDVDSUHVHQWDGDVDWpRPRPHQWR82FDVDOHPTXHVWmREXVFRXWHUDSLD QDWHQWDWLYDGHUHWRPDUDSUR[LPLGDGHHLQWLPLGDGHTXHWLQKDPDWpRQDV-FLPHQWRGR¿OKR2JHQRJUDPDVH[XDOIRLGHJUDQGHYDORUQHVWHSURFHVVR WHUDSrXWLFRID]HQGRFRPTXHDPERVFRPSUHHQGHVVHPPHOKRUVXDVGL¿FXO-GDGHVQDUHODomRHRVGLYHUVRVIDWRUHVTXHLQWHUIHULUDPQHVVDVOLPLWDo}HV Caso clínico
O casal Luiza e Cleber9 SURFXURX WHUDSLD HP PDUoR GH SRU HVWDUHPGLVWDQWHVXPGRRXWURHSDVVDQGRSRUPXLWRVGHVHQWHQGLPHQWRV GHVGHRQDVFLPHQWRGR¿OKR(VWDYDPFDVDGRVKiDQRVWrPXP¿OKR -RVp/XL]FRPWUrVDQRVGHLGDGHQDpSRFD/XL]DHVWDYDFRQFOXLQGRD JUDGXDomRQRPRPHQWRH&OHEHUWUDEDOKDYDHPVXDSHTXHQDHPSUHVD(OH KDYLDLQWHUURPSLGRRVHVWXGRVKiPXLWRWHPSRWHQGRFRQFOXtGRVRPHQWHR HQVLQRIXQGDPHQWDO2VF{QMXJHVVmRSULPRVLUPmRVVXDVPmHVVmRLUPmV 2SULPHLURDQRGHWHUDSLDGHXVHFRPVXSHUYLVmRGLUHWDQRHVSHOKR unidirecional (Câmara de Gesell). Realizamos os atendimentos em co-WHUDSLDHFRPIUHTXrQFLDTXLQ]HQDO(PDOJXQVDWHQGLPHQWRVIRLXWLOL]DGD DWpFQLFDGHHTXLSHUHÀH[LYD10
, gerando bons resultados e aumentando a FRPSUHHQVmRGRFDVDOVREUHRVSURFHVVRVYLYLGRVHPWHUDSLD 8 $SDUWLUGRVWHUPRVGDV5HVROXo}HV H GR&RQVHOKR1DFLRQDOGH6D~GHR FDVDOFRQVHQWLXDSDUWLFLSDomRQRHVWXGRGHFDVRFRQIRUPHR7HUPRGH&RQVHQWLPHQWR/LYUH Esclarecido. 97RGRVRVQRPHVDTXLXWLOL]DGRVVmR¿FWtFLRV 10 (TXLSHUHÀH[LYDFI$QGHUVHQ7 3URFHVVRVUHÀH[LYRV,QVWLWXWR1226 5LRGH-DQHLUR
'XUDQWHRVSULPHLURVHQFRQWURVUHODWDUDPTXHRUHODFLRQDPHQWRHUD PXLWRERPDWpDJUDYLGH],QLFLDOPHQWHLGHQWL¿FDPRVPXLWDGL¿FXOGDGHGH FRPXQLFDomRHQWUHRFDVDOSRUpPPHVPRFRPGLVFRUGkQFLDVHPUHODomR DR¿OKRDVFRLVDVHUDPPDLVIDFLOPHQWHGHFLGLGDV1RGHFRUUHUGDWHUDSLD RFDVDOIRLDSUHVHQWDQGRXPFRPSRUWDPHQWRGHDIDVWDPHQWRPDLVVLJQL¿-FDWLYR&OHEHUSRUYH]HVVDtDGRTXDUWRGRFDVDOHGRUPLDQDVDODIDODYD HPVDLUGHFDVD6HQWLDVHGHVTXDOL¿FDGRSRU/XL]DTXHHPUD]mRGHVXD formação, tinha conhecimentos teóricos sobre o desenvolvimento infantil e criticava as formas com que o marido agia com José Luiz.
,QLFLDPRV D FRQVWUXomR GR JHQRJUDPD FRP R FDVDO QRV SULPHLURV PHVHVGRSURFHVVRWHUDSrXWLFRFRPD¿QDOLGDGHGHFRQKHFHUDVHVWUXWXUDV e funcionamentos das suas famílias de origem.
TABELA GENOGRAMA
Genograma de Luiza e Cléber
/XL]DpDWHUFHLUDGHWUrV¿OKRV'HVFUHYHVHXSDLFRPRXPDSHVVRD tranquila, que ajudava aos outros. Era negro, alcoolista, vindo de família SREUHVRIUHXSUHFRQFHLWRSHODIDPtOLDGDHVSRVD)DOHFHXKiDQRVSRU SUREOHPDVSXOPRQDUHV/XL]DFDUDFWHUL]DDPmHFRPRDJLWDGDEUDYDYDL-dosa e bastante organizada. É italiana, branca, dona-de-casa. Ambos os SDLVWLQKDPEDL[DHVFRODULGDGH(VWHVVHVHSDUDUDPSRXFRDQWHVGDPmH de Luiza engravidar dela, tinham uma relação bastante conturbada, com EULJDVHDJUHVV}HVItVLFDV$PmHWUDEDOKRXFRPRJDULDSyVDVHSDUDomR SDUDVXVWHQWDURV¿OKRVHLVRORXVHXH[HVSRVRGRFRQWDWRFRPDVFULDQoDV /XL]DWHYHSUR[LPLGDGHFRPDIDPtOLDPDWHUQDXPDWLDDRULHQWDYDVREUHDV dúvidas que surgiram na adolescência, já que não havia diálogo em casa. 6XDPmHQmRSHUPLWLDTXHWLYHVVHDPLJRVGRVH[RPDVFXOLQRFRQVLGHUDYD
YXOJDUWXGRTXHVHUHODFLRQDVVHjVH[XDOLGDGHHHUDEDVWDQWHIULDHPUHODomR DRV¿OKRV/XL]DVySHUFHEHXGHPRQVWUDomRGHVHQWLPHQWRVGDPmHDSyV o nascimento do neto José Luiz.
&OHEHUpRRLWDYRGH¿OKRVDSHQDVD~OWLPDpGRVH[RIHPLQLQR 'HVFUHYHVHXSDLFRPRXPDSHVVRDDXWRULWiULDTXHQmRJRVWDYDGHWUD-balhar e que com frequência usava o ditado faça o que eu digo, não faça o TXHHXIDoR7LQKDSUREOHPDVFDUGtDFRVIDOHFHXKiDQRV$PmHWHP DQRVVRIUHGHGLVW~UELRVSVLFROyJLFRVpGHVFULWDSHOR¿OKRFRPRWHLPRVDH PDQLSXODGRUD&OHEHUUHYHODTXHQmRKDYLDGLiORJRHQWUHSDLVH¿OKRVVREUH VH[XDOLGDGHQmRKDYLDWURFDGHDIHWRQDIDPtOLDHRVSDLVQmRYDORUL]DYDP RHVWXGR'XUDQWHPXLWRWHPSR&OHEHUIRLRUHVSRQViYHOSHORVXVWHQWRGD IDPtOLDGHRULJHP4XDQGRFULDQoD&OHEHUSUHVHQFLRXFRPPXLWDIUHTXrQFLD FRPHQWiULRVUHODFLRQDGRVDH[SHULrQFLDVVH[XDLVHQDDGROHVFrQFLDHUD H[SRVWRDUHODo}HVVH[XDLVGRVLUPmRV +iVHWHDQRVXPGRVLUPmRVGH&OHEHUVRIUHXXPDSDUDGDFDUGtDFD HIDOHFHX'RLVDQRVGHSRLVRXWURLUPmRIDOHFHXSHORPHVPRPRWLYR$V SHUGDVRFDVLRQDUDPXPDIDVWDPHQWRGH&OHEHUGDIDPtOLDGHRULJHPSRLV WHYHGL¿FXOGDGHVQDHODERUDomRGRVOXWRVSULQFLSDOPHQWHHPIXQomRGR VHJXQGRDIDOHFHURTXDOHUDPDLVSUy[LPR 1RSHUtRGRHPTXHWUDEDOKiYDPRVDVIDPtOLDVGHRULJHPDFRQWHFHX XPDFULVHHQWUHRFDVDOH&OHEHURSWRXSRULQWHUURPSHUDWHUDSLDDFUHGLWDQGR que Luiza não tinha mais interesse em investir na relação. Durante um mês WUDEDOKDPRV LQGLYLGXDOPHQWH FRP /XL]D VXD GL¿FXOGDGH HP VH FRQHFWDU FRPVHXVVHQWLPHQWRV3DUDHOD¿FRXFODUR GHVGHDFRQVWUXomRGRVHX JHQRJUDPD TXHDSUHVHQWDYDXPDEDUUHLUDFRPRHODUHIHULDSDUDGHPRQV-WUDUVHQWLPHQWRV&RPRUHWRUQRGH&OHEHUDSyVFRQWDWRUHDOL]DGRSHODV WHUDSHXWDVIRLIHLWRRH[HUFtFLRGHPRVWUDUSDUDHOHRTXDQWR/XL]DTXHULD LQYHVWLUQDUHODomREHPFRPRRQGHHVWDYDPDVGL¿FXOGDGHVGDHVSRVD 2FDVDOWHYHERPSURYHLWRGRJHQRJUDPDXWLOL]DGRDPSOLDQGRVXD FRPSUHHQVmR VREUH DV KHUDQoDV GH SDGU}HV IDPLOLDUHV H VREUH FRPR PXLWDVFRLVDVTXHKRMHID]HPSDUWHGRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGDIDPtOLDQXFOHDU VmRUHVXOWDGRVGRVPRGHORVTXHWLYHUDPQDLQIkQFLD6HPSUHWURX[HUDP DSHUFHSomRVREUHPXGDQoDVGHFRPSRUWDPHQWRGR¿OKRFDGDYH]TXHR FDVDOFRQVHJXLDDOJXPDDSUR[LPDomRRTXHUHIRUoDDLGHLDGDLQÀXrQFLD HWUDQVPLVVmRHQWUHJHUDo}HVeLPSRUWDQWHHQIDWL]DUTXHRFDVDOIH]HV-FROKDVEDVWDQWHGLIHUHQWHVGHVXDVIDPtOLDVGHRULJHPSRGHQGRHVWDUHP XPDVLWXDomR¿QDQFHLUDHVRFLDOEHPVXSHULRUjTXHIRUDPFULDGRVHFRP YDORUHVEDVWDQWHGLIHUHQFLDGRVGRVTXHIRUDPWUDQVPLWLGRVSRUVXDVIDPtOLDV 1RLQtFLRGH&OHEHUYROWRXDHVWXGDU7DOIDWRDSUR[LPRXRFDVDO YLVWRTXHSDUD/XL]DDHGXFDomRpXPDSULRULGDGH1HVWDHWDSDGRSURFHVVR
WHUDSrXWLFRRVDWHQGLPHQWRVGHL[DUDPGHDFRQWHFHUQDVDODGHHVSHOKR XQLGLUHFLRQDOHIRLWDPEpPXPQRYRPRPHQWRQDWHUDSLD&DGDPHPEUR GRFDVDOMiFRPSUHHQGHQGRPHOKRURVSURFHVVRVLQGLYLGXDLVGRRXWURH RVVHXVSUySULRVFRPHoRXDLGHQWL¿FDUTXHVHXVDWRVHGL¿FXOGDGHVHUDP SURYHQLHQWHVGHVXDVSUySULDVH[SHULrQFLDVHFUHQoDVHTXHQmRGL]LDP UHVSHLWRDRF{QMXJH,QLFLDPRVHQWmRRSHUtRGRGHUHWRPDGDGRJHQRJUDPD LQFOXLQGRDVTXHVW}HVGRJHQRJUDPDVH[XDOSURSRVWDVSRU+RIH%HUPDQ (1986).
Luiza mostrou o quanto é forte em sua família a crença de que qual-quer demonstração de afeto, vinda de um homem, tem objetivo de contato VH[XDO (OD DSUHVHQWD SHQVDPHQWRV DXWRPiWLFRV TXH D ID]HP UHFXDU D TXDOTXHUWHQWDWLYDGHLQWLPLGDGHIHLWDSHORPDULGRRTXHpUHIRUoDGRWDPEpP SHODIDPtOLDGH&OHEHURQGHH[LVWHDFUHQoDGHTXHRDWRVH[XDOSUHFLVD DFRQWHFHUWRGRVRVGLDVSDUDRFDVDOVHGDUEHP(PDPEDVDVIDPtOLDV DVH[XDOLGDGHVHUHVXPHDRDWRVHPFRQVLGHUDULPSRUWDQWHDFRQTXLVWD RXRURPDQFH$DYyPDWHUQDGHDPERVSDVVDYDDLGHLDGHTXHDVH[XD-lidade era algo negativo, e as mães de cada um transmitiram, através de H[SHULrQFLDVGLIHUHQWHVDPHVPDFUHQoD
/XL]DH&OHEHUD¿UPDPTXHQmRGLDORJDPPDLVVREUHVH[XDOLGDGHH SDUDVXDVIDPtOLDVGHRULJHPHVWHQXQFDIRLXPKiELWR1DIDPtOLDGHODD VH[XDOLGDGHHUDYLVWDFRPRDOJRHUUDGRFRPFRQRWDo}HVQHJDWLYDVH[D-tamente como a avó referia. Na de Cleber, uma família de muitos homens HSRXFDVPXOKHUHVVH[XDOLGDGHVHUHVXPLDjGHPRQVWUDomRGHPDVFX-OLQLGDGHHIRUPDGHSURSRUFLRQDUSUD]HUDRKRPHPVHQGRTXHDPXOKHU era vista como um objeto.
Em relação ao casal, atualmente Luiza entende que abandonou a YLGDVH[XDO(PVXDVSDODYUDV VHQWHIDOWDPDVQmRVHQWHQHFHVVLGDGH GHSURFXUDULQWLPLGDGHVH[XDO&RPRQDVFLPHQWRGR¿OKRLGHQWL¿FDTXHR SDSHOGHPmHWURX[HDHODPXLWRVTXHVWLRQDPHQWRVQRVHQWLGRGHHQYROYL-PHQWRVH[XDO&OHEHUH[S}HDYHUJRQKDGHIDODUVREUHVH[XDOLGDGHMiTXH HVWDVHPSUHIRLUHODFLRQDGDDXPGLVFXUVRGHYXOJDULGDGHQDIDPtOLDGH RULJHP(OHSHUFHEHRFDVDOGLVWDQWHKiPDLVGHXPDQRUHODWDVHXVHQWL-mento de vazio, ao contrário do que vivenciavam antes do nasciRULJHP(OHSHUFHEHRFDVDOGLVWDQWHKiPDLVGHXPDQRUHODWDVHXVHQWL-mento do ¿OKRPRPHQWRHPTXHKDYLDGLiORJRVREUHVH[XDOLGDGHEHPFRPRPDLRU LQWLPLGDGHHQWUHRVF{QMXJHV
$PmHGH/XL]DWURFDYDPXLWRGHSDUFHLURVUHSHWLDTXHKRPHQVVy VH LQWHUHVVDP SRU LQWLPLGDGH ItVLFD R TXH HUD UHIRUoDGR SRU RXWURV KR-PHQVGDIDPtOLD1DDGROHVFrQFLD/XL]DVHTXHVWLRQDYDVREUHQmRSRGHU FRQYLYHUFRPPHQLQRVHQWmRID]LDSDUWHGHVWHVJUXSRVFRPRXPDIRUPD GHDIURQWDUDPmH1HVWHPRPHQWRHQWHQGHTXHDPmHDSULYDYDGHWDO
FRQYLYrQFLD SRU PHGR GH JUDYLGH] 4XDQGR /XL]D WLQKD QRYH DQRV VXD LUPm¿FRXJUiYLGD DRV HHVFRQGHXDJHVWDomRDWpRTXLQWRPrV6XD avó também deixava claro o medo da gravidez. Na família de origem de &OHEHUDVFULDQoDVQmRHUDPSUHVHUYDGDVGDVFHQDVVH[XDLVGRVDGXOWRV 2VLUPmRVRFRQGHQDYDPSRUWHUGHPRUDGRDLQLFLDomRGDVH[XDOLGDGHR HQFRUDMDYDPSUHFRFHPHQWHHFRPDLQWHQomRGHGHVTXDOL¿FiORGL]LDP que era gay enquanto não tivesse uma vida sexual ativa. Nesta família os KRPHQVSRGLDPWXGRQmRKDYLDPUHJUDVDVHUHPFXPSULGDVHQTXDQWRDV PXOKHUHVQmRSRGLDPQDGDHH[LVWLDPSDUDHVWDVPXLWDVUHJUDV2VH[R era o único foco da família de origem dele, não havia fronteiras ou segre-GRV6HXVSDLVQmRSODQHMDUDPQHQKXP¿OKRPDVHVWHHUDRUHVXOWDGRGR FDVDPHQWRFRPRSURYDGHPDVFXOLQLGDGHGRSDL&OHEHUIRLFREUDGRSHOD IDPtOLDSRUWHUGHPRUDGRHPWHUXP¿OKR
/XL]DDFUHGLWDTXHDIRUPDGHSURGX]LUPXGDQoDpSRUPHLRGRGLiOR-go. Cleber acrescenta o carinho e a valorização da educação como fatores WDPEpPLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDRFUHVFLPHQWR(VVDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVQmRVmR SURYHQLHQWHVGHVXDVH[SHULrQFLDVQDVIDPtOLDVGHRULJHQV/XL]DUHIHUHVH DRPRGHORGHFDULQKRTXHWHYHGHVXDDYyHWLD&OHEHUDSHQDVDRPRGHOR TXHDSUHQGHXFRP/XL]D (PQRVVDFRQFHSomRDPERVVRIUHUDPVLWXDo}HVGHYLROrQFLDQDLQ-IkQFLD/XL]DQDPHGLGDHPTXHDPmHDSURLELDGHFRQYLYHUFRPPHQLQRV DOJRTXHID]SDUWHGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRQRUPDO&OHEHUSRUVHUH[SRVWRD FHQDVVH[XDLVPXLWRDQWHVGHWHUPDWXULGDGHHLGDGHSDUDWDO$WUDYpVGR XVRGRJHQRJUDPDVH[XDOIRLSRVVtYHOLGHQWL¿FDUFRPRHVVDVVLWXDo}HVGH YLROrQFLDDLQGDKRMHHVWmRSUHVHQWHVQDYLGDGRFDVDOQDIRUPDGHFUHQoDV TXHLQÀXHQFLDPVHXUHODFLRQDPHQWRtQWLPR 1DIDVHGHUHYLVmRGRJHQRJUDPDVH[XDOHLQWHJUDomRFRPRSUR-FHVVRWHUDSrXWLFR&OHEHUFRQVHJXHLGHQWL¿FDUTXHTXHUVHDSUR[LPDUGH /XL]DVHQWHVDXGDGHGDSUR[LPLGDGHDIHWLYDHVH[XDOPDVWHPPHGRGD LQWHUSUHWDomRGHODFRPEDVHQRTXHFRQKHFHGHDPEDVDVIDPtOLDVGH RULJHPHDFUHQoDFRQVWUXtGDSRUHODHPUHODomRDRSDSHOPDVFXOLQR/XL]D WDPEpPLGHQWL¿FDYRQWDGHGHDSUR[LPDomRPDVWHPPHGRGHUHJUHGLUj VLWXDomRGRLQtFLRGDWHUDSLD(QWHQGHTXHGHL[D&OHEHUVHPDOWHUQDWLYDV SRLVDVWHQWDWLYDVGHOHGHDSUR[LPDomRVmRFRPSUHHQGLGDVSRUHODFRPR XQLFDPHQWHQHFHVVLGDGHRXEXVFDGHUHODo}HVVH[XDLV 2FDVDOFRQVHJXHYHUL¿FDUTXHDOLJDomRGH&OHEHUFRPVXDIDPtOLDGH RULJHPDLQGDpUHODFLRQDGDjVVLWXDo}HVGHOXWRSRLVWHPHQRYDVSHUGDV HQRPRPHQWRDWXDODPmHHDLUPmHVWmRFRPSUREOHPDVGHVD~GH$OpP GLVVRDHQWUHJDPDLRUGH&OHEHUjIDPtOLDQXFOHDUpSHUPHDGDSHODVXD LUULWDELOLGDGHTXHVXUJHHPUD]mRGDIUHTXHQWHGHVDXWRUL]DomRSRUSDUWHGH
/XL]DHPUHODomRDRPRGRGH&OHEHUHGXFDUR¿OKRHDOWHUDomRGRWRPGH YR]GHODTXDQGRIDODFRPRF{QMXJH&OHEHUPHQFLRQRXTXHDIDODGH/XL]D SRUYH]HVpDPHVPDSDUDPDULGRH¿OKR/XL]DSRUVXDYH]DXPHQWDD irritabilidade em função do afastamento de Cleber, o que a deixa também WULVWH$PERVJHQHUDOL]DPDFUHGLWDQGRTXHWDLVFRPSRUWDPHQWRVVHPSUH VHUHSHWLUmR2FDVDOFRPSUHHQGHTXHVXDLUULWDELOLGDGHIXQFLRQDGHIRUPD circular, um alimentando a do outro através de suas defesas. Também LGHQWL¿FDPTXHRIDWRGH&OHEHUWHUUHWRPDGRRVHVWXGRVRVDSUR[LPRX SRLVDPERVVHQWHPPDLVYRQWDGHGHHVWDUMXQWRV$FUHGLWDPTXHpXPD ERDRSRUWXQLGDGHGHGHPRQVWUDUDIHWRHEDL[DUDVGHIHVDV
(PSDUDOHORDHVVHSURFHVVR&OHEHUHUDR~QLFRUHVSRQViYHOSHODV GHVSHVDV QR WUDWDPHQWR GH VD~GH GD PmH SRLV RV LUPmRV QmR ID]LDP HVIRUoRVSDUDDX[LOLiOD1HVWHPRPHQWRGDWHUDSLD&OHEHUFKDPRXXPD UHXQLmRFRPWRGRVRVLUPmRVSDUDFRORFDUVXDSRVLomRGHFRQWULEXLUFRP DSHQDVVXDSDUFHODGLYLGLQGRFRPWRGRVDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHHFRQVHJXLQ-GRDVVLPLQYHVWLUPDLV HPRFLRQDOHHFRQRPLFDPHQWH QDSUySULDIDPtOLD nuclear. Luiza não acreditou que ele fosse conseguir manter tal atitude, e DR¿QDOHPWHUDSLDFRQVHJXHHORJLiORHGHVID]HUVHGDFUHQoDTXHHOH HVWiSUHVRjIDPtOLDGHRULJHP
2SURFHVVRGHWHUDSLDDLQGDHVWiHPDQGDPHQWRFRPDSUR[LPDGD-PHQWHHQFRQWURVMiRFRUULGRV2FDVDOID]WHQWDWLYDVGHWUD]HUSDUDVXD YLGD FRWLGLDQD R TXH IRL DSUHQGLGR H FRPSUHHQGLGR DWUDYpV GR WUDEDOKR UHDOL]DGRDWpDJRUD$PERVFRQVLGHUDPTXHIRLLPSRUWDQWHWRPDUFRQVFL-rQFLDGRVSURFHVVRVDFLPDGHVFULWRVSRUpPHQFRQWUDPVHDLQGDGDQGRRV SULPHLURVSDVVRVQRVHQWLGRGHEXVFDUDSUR[LPDomRXPGRRXWUR Consideraç}es ¿nais (QWHQGHPRVTXHDFULDomRGRJHQRJUDPDVH[XDOIRLPXLWRLPSRUWDQWH SRUVXDFRQWULEXLomRDRVFDVDLVQDFRPSUHHQVmRGHVHXVSDGU}HVGHFRP-SRUWDPHQWRHGL¿FXOGDGHVQDiUHDGDVH[XDOLGDGHeODPHQWiYHOTXHDLQGD KRMHDWHUDSLDVH[XDOHDWHUDSLDGHFDVDOHVWHMDPWmRGLVWDQWHVSRLVIDOWD XPQ~PHURPDLRUGHHVWXGRVTXHLQWHJUHPHVWDVGXDVIRUPDVGHWHUDSLD $FUHGLWDPRVTXHSRUTXHVW}HVGHVHOIGRVSUySULRVWHUDSHXWDVTXHQmRVH VHQWHPSUHSDUDGRV RXjYRQWDGH SDUDDERUGDUTXHVW}HVUHODFLRQDGDVj sexualidade, esta integração torna-se mais rara.
(QWHQGHPRVFRPRSULQFLSDLVIXQo}HVGRXVRGHVWHLQVWUXPHQWRHP WHUDSLDDSRVVLELOLGDGHGRFDVDOID]HUXPDUHOHLWXUDGRVIDWRVYLYHQFLDGRV FRPSUHHQGHUDRULJHPGHVXDVFUHQoDVHFRPLVVRFRQVWUXLUQRYRVSDGU}HV GHLQWHUDomREDVHDGRVHPRXWUDVH[SHULrQFLDVPDLVVDXGiYHLV
3RUPHLRGRWUDEDOKRFRPRFDVDOHPTXHVWmRIRLSRVVtYHOLGHQWL¿FDU HPVHXFDVDPHQWRDUHSHWLomRGRVSDGU}HVGHDSHJRGHVHQYROYLGRVHP VXDVUHODo}HVLQLFLDLVEHPFRPRDIRUoDGDVFUHQoDVFRQVWUXtGDVFRQIRUPH VXDVH[SHULrQFLDVSULPiULDV 1DXWLOL]DomRGRJHQRJUDPDVH[XDOFRPRFDVDODSHVDUGH)UDPR VXJHULUTXHDVIDPtOLDVGHRULJHPVHMDPWUD]LGDVjVHVVmR RSWDPRVSRUQmRID]rORSRLVFRQVLGHUDPRVTXHVXDDSUHVHQWDomRDWUDYpV GDVQDUUDWLYDVGHVHXVUHSUHVHQWDQWHVMiRVID]LDSUHVHQWHVRVX¿FLHQWH SDUDRWUDEDOKR 2XWURIDWRUDVHUFRQVLGHUDGRQRFDVRFOtQLFRpDIRUoDGDVTXHVW}HV GHJrQHURTXHQmRUHFHEHXPDLVDWHQomRDTXLSRUQmRVHURIRFRSULQFLSDO GHVGHHVWXGR3RUpPpLPSRUWDQWHOHPEUDUTXHRIDWRGDVPmHVGHDPERV RVF{QMXJHVVHUHPLUPmVUHIRUoDDVFUHQoDVHPUHODomRDRVSDSpLVIHPLQLQR HPDVFXOLQRDWXDQGRQHVWDIDPtOLDQXFOHDUGHIRUPDPDLVVLJQL¿FDWLYDSRU VHUHPWUDQVPLWLGDVDRFDVDOSRUDPEDVDVSDUWHV
Conforme Krom (2000), no casamento ocorre a união de dois siste-PDVGHFUHQoDVHHVWUXWXUDVIDPLOLDUHV1DWUDQVPLVVmRSDUDDVJHUDo}HV VHJXLQWHVHVWHVVLVWHPDVYmRVRIUHQGRDOWHUDo}HVDWUDYpVGHVWDXQLmRGH sistemas diferentes. Na geração dos avós de Luiza e Cléber, os mitos re-ODFLRQDGRVjVH[XDOLGDGHHVWDYDPGLUHWDPHQWHOLJDGRVjYXOJDULGDGHSDUD DVPXOKHUHVHjVDWLVIDomRHSUD]HUDRKRPHP1DJHUDomRGDVPmHV DWUDYpVGDXQLmRFRPVHXVPDULGRVHVHXVSUySULRVVLVWHPDVGHFUHQoDV DWUDQVPLVVmRGHSDGU}HVRFRUUHXSDUDDJHUDomRVHJXLQWHFRPDOJXPDV PRGL¿FDo}HV
3RUWDQWR QR FDVDO HP TXHVWmR DWUDYpV GR SURFHVVR WHUDSrXWLFR IRLSRVVtYHOSHUFHEHUHGDUDWHQomRDWDLVDVSHFWRVVHQGRDVVLPYLiYHO SURGX]LUPXGDQoDVPDLVHIHWLYDVHPVXDVSUySULDVFUHQoDV$FUHGLWDPRV TXHHVVHSURFHVVRVHID]PDLVLPSRUWDQWHDLQGDYLVWRTXHQDWUDQVPLVVmR SDUDDVSUy[LPDVJHUDo}HVRPRGHORTXHHVWHFDVDODSUHVHQWDSRVVLELOLWD RGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHPHOKRUHVFRQGLo}HVGHVD~GHHTXDOL¿FDomRGHYLGD Referências $QGRO¿0 /DFULVLGHOODFRSSLDHODIDPLJOLDWULJHQHUD]LRQDOH,QLa Coppia in Crisi SS 5RPD ,7)
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)DOFNH ' :DJQHU$ $ GLQkPLFD IDPLOLDU H R IHQ{PHQR GD WUDQVJHUDFLRQDOLGDGH 'H¿QLomR GH FRQFHLWRV ,Q$ :DJQHU Como se perpetua a família? A transmissão dos modelos familiares SS 3RUWR$OHJUH (GLSXFUV
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Endereço para correspondência
betinacf@yahoo.com.br hchintz@terra.com.br (QYLDGRHP UHYLVmRHP $FHLWRHP
