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Parallel interactions of aromatic and heteroaromatic molecules

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Duša P. Male o , S eža a D. Zarić,

Fa ult of Che ist , U i e sit of Belg ade, Belg ade, “e ia

Depa t e t of Che ist , Te as A&M U i e sit of Qata , Doha, Qata

A st a t

Pa allel i te a tio s of a o ati a d hete oa o ati ole ules a e e i po ta t i he ist a d iolog . I this e ie , e e t fi di gs o p efe ed geo et ies a d i te -a tio e e gies of these ole ules -a e p ese ted. Be ze e -a d p idi e e e used -as odel s ste s fo stud i g a o ati a d hete oa o ati ole ules, espe ti el . Sea hes of Ca idge St u tu al Data ase sho that oth a o ati a d hete oa o ati ole ules p efe i te a ti g at la ge ho izo tal displa e e ts, e e though p e ious al ulatio s sho ed that sta ki g i te a tio s ith offsets of a out . Å a e the st o gest. Cal ul-atio s of i te a tio e e gies at la ge ho izo tal displa e e ts e ealed that the la ge po tio of i te a tio e e g is p ese ed e e he t o ole ules do ot o e lap. These su sta tial e e gies, as ell as the possi ilit of fo i g la ge sup a ole ula st u tu es,

ake pa allel i te a tio s at la ge ho izo tal displa e e ts o e f e ue t i stal st u tu es tha sta ki g i te a tio s.

Ke o ds: e ze e, p idi e, o o ale t i te a tio s, stal st u tu es, ua tu he -i al al ulat-io s, sup a ole ula st u tu es.

REVIEW PAPER

UDC : . : . : .

He . I d.

doi: . /HEMIND M

A aila le o li e at the Jou al e site: http:// .a he.o g. s/HI/

A o ati a d hete oa o ati ole ules a e u i-uitous i atu e a d pla i po ta t oles i p o esses of he i al a d iologi al e og itio . These ole ules a e o o l p ese t i ate ials, stals, a os s-te s, a d iologi al s ss-te s a d d ugs [ – ].

The e a e a ious t pes of o o ale t i te a tio s that i lude a o ati a d hete oa o ati ole ules, a d the a e ostl fo ed th ough thei π-s ste s [ ]. The ost ital i te a tio s of these ole ules a e sta ki g i te a tio s, hi h a e esse tial fo the st u -tu e of DNA [ ] a d fo the sta ilizatio of p otei st u tu e [ ]. Othe t pes of i te a tio s ia a o ati π-s ste i lude XH/π he e X a e O, N, C o S , atio /π a d a io /π i te a tio s [ – ]. Additio -all , a o ati ole ules a fo i te a tio s th ough thei edges, ost ota l lassi al h d oge o ds a d CH–O i te a tio s [ – ].

Basi odel s ste fo stud i g a o ati -a o ati i te a tio s is e ze e di e . I te a tio e e g

al-ulatio s at high theo eti al le els sho ed that the e a e t o ea l isoe e geti i i a at pote tial e e g su fa e of e ze e di e . I fi st of these i i a, t o e ze es fo a o ati CH/π i te a tio s he C–H o ds of o e e ze e i te a t ith π-s ste of a othe e ze e; this i i u is glo al a d has i te -a tio e e g of - . k -al/ ol, -as dete i ed

Co espo de e: S.D. )a ić, Fa ult of Che ist , U i e sit of Bel-g ade, Stude tski t Bel-g – , Belg ade, Se ia.

E- ail: sza i @ he . g.a . s Pape e ei ed: O to e , Pape a epted: Ja ua ,

CCSD T /CBS al ulatio s [ ]. Se o d i i u has the e e g of - . k al/ ol also at CCSD T /CBS le el [ ], ith geo et of sta ki g i te a tio , he e t o e ze es a e utuall pa allel, ith ho izo tal dis-pla e e t of app o i atel . Å Figu e .

Figu e . Be ze e di e ith a o ati CH/π i te a tio glo al i i u a d sta ki g i te a tio lo al i i u .

Basi odel s ste fo stud i g hete oa o ati hete oa o ati i te a tio s is p idi e di e . I te -a tio s et ee t o p idi e ole ules e e -al ul-ated at high le els of ua tu he ist , gi i g t o e e g i i a, si ila to o es fou d fo e ze

e-e ze-e e-e di e-e [ ]. Sta ki g i te-e a tio s of t o p i-di es a e, ho e e , so e hat st o ge tha CH/π i te a tio s i te a tio e e gies a e – . a d – . k al/ ol, espe ti el [ ] Figu e .

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ul-atio s of i te a tio e e gies. Spe ial atte tio is gi e to i te a tio s at la ge ho izo tal displa e e ts, hi h e e sho to e su sta tial a d e i po ta t i the last fe ea s [ – ].

Figu e . P idi e di e ith sta ki g i te a tio glo al i i u a d a o ati CH/π i te a tio lo al i i u .

Be ze e– e ze e parallel i tera tio s

I o de to gai full k o ledge o e ze e– e -ze e pa allel i te a tio s, Ca idge St u tu al Dataase as sea hed fo pa allel e ze e– e ze e o -ta ts usi g less est i ti e ite ia tha p e ious studies [ ]. The sea h i ol ed stal st u tu es f o CSD No e e , , elease e sio . that o tai t o e ze e ole ules ith dista e d

et ee thei e te s sho te tha . Å, i te pla a a gle s alle tha ° a d o al dista e R

et ee thei pla es sho te tha . Å Figu e . This sea h ielded pa allel e ze e– e ze e o ta ts. The a al sis of geo et i al pa a ete s e -ealed that e ze e ole ules p efe i te a tio s at la ge ho izo tal displa e e ts Figu e a , ith % of all o ta ts of at offsets alues la ge tha . Å. The peak of this dist i utio is fo offsets et ee . a d . Å; si e i e ze e ole ule h d-oge ato s a e at . Å of e ze e e te , at these offset alues o l h d oge ato s of e ze e

ole-ules o e lap Figu e . These esults sho that the ost sta le geo et of sta ki g i te a tio s, ith offsets at . Å, is ot t pi al fo e ze e– e ze e

i te a tio s. It a also e oted that fo o ta ts ith offset alues elo . Å all o al dista es a e i a ge f o . to . Å, ith ost of the ei g a ou d . Å, hi h is t pi al fo sta ki g i te a tio s [ – ]. Ho e e , fo ho izo tal displa e e ts la ge tha . Å o al dista es a e ostl lo e tha . Å Figu e .

Figu e . Geo et i al pa a ete s of pa allel e ze e– e -ze e i te a tio s; d is the dista e et ee the e te s Ω a d Ω’ of e ze e ole ules; R is the o al dista e

et ee the pla es of i te a ti g i gs; Ωp is the p oje tio

of the e te of o e i g to the pla e of the othe i g; is ho izo tal displa e e t offset the dista e f o Ω’ to Ωp;

the a gle et ee e ze e pla es is s alle tha °. I this figu e, geo et ith = . Å is p ese ted.

CSD sea h fo e ze e- e ze e i te a tio s as supple e ted ith P otei Data Ba k sea h fo

phe-lala i e-phe phe-lala i e i te a tio s. The full p otei set as edu ed usi g PDBSELECT list of o - ed-u da t p otei hai s No e e , , elease , the th eshold ei g % a d ith esolutio of . Å o ette . The sea h pa a ete s e e si ila to those fo the CSD sea h Figu e , a d the o ta ts e e i -luded if the a e ithi the a ea o espo di g to the ellipsoid defi ed offset of . Å a d o al dista e R of . Å [ ]. Sea h esults sho that i p otei st u tu es the e is o l slightl la ge p efe -e -e fo offs-ets a o -e . Å o -e offs-ets -elo . Å

Figu e a , he e that i te a tio s i p otei s sho la ge p efe e e to geo et ies o espo di g to the ost sta le sta ki g i te a tio at . Å, diffe e tl

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tha i ase of i te a tio s i the CSD Figu e a . The shape of the plot sho i g o al dista es e sus off-set alues Figu e is si ila to the shape of the dia-g a fo i te a tio s i the CSD Fidia-gu e [ ].

I te a tio e e gies et ee pa allel e ze e ole ules e e al ulated ith B PLYP de sit fu t-io al [ ] usi g the se o d ge e att-io G i e dispe sio o e tio D [ ] a d def -T)VP asis set [ ]. Th ee o ie tatio s e e o side ed Figu e . Mo o e geo et ies e e kept u ha ged a d offset alues e e a ied i the a ge . – . Å ith a . Å step i o de to fi d the opti al o al dista e fo ea h ho izo tal displa e e t [ ]. Basis set supe po-sitio e o B““E as ot o e ted i these al

ul-atio s, si e this fu tio al is pa a ete ized to gi e good esults fo a o ati -a o ati i te a tio s ithout this o e tio [ ].

Fa e-to-fa e o sa d i h geo et , ith offset of = . Å, is the fi st statio a poi t a d has the e e g of – . k al/ ol Figu e a , hi h is i good ag

ee-e t ith p ee-e ious al ulatio s of i tee-e a tio ee-e ee-e giee-es [ ]. The st o gest i te a tio i all o ie tatio s is i the offset a ge . – . Å, ith e e gies of a out – . k al/ ol, hi h is also i good ag ee e t ith ea lie studies [ ]. Fu the i ease of offset alues leads to eake i te a tio s. Fo o ie tatio A i te a tio e e g ha ge is steep. Ho e e , fo o ie tatio s B a d C, i te a tio s a e su p isi gl st o g at la ge ho

i-Figu e . The dist i utio of offset alues a a d o al dista es e sus offset alues plot fo pa allel i te a tio s et ee phe lala i e side hai s i PDB stal st u tu es.

Figu e . Th ee odel s ste s ith diffe e t utual o ie tatio s of e ze e ole ules used fo al ulatio s of e e gies of pa allel i te a tio s et ee e ze e ole ules. The p ese ted geo et ies a e ith ho izo tal displa e e ts of . Å.

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zo tal displa e e ts. I te a tio e e g fo o ie t-atio C at = . Å is – . k al/ ol, hi h is o e tha

% of the st o gest i te a tio at = . Å Ta le . It a e o side ed that B PLYP-D is e elia le ethod fo these al ulatio s, si e the al ulated CCSD T /CBS alue fo o ie tatio B at this offset is - . k al/ ol. Su sta tial i te a tio e e gies at these offsets a e the o se ue e of la ge edu tio of epulsio a d so e hat s alle edu tio of dispe sio , as o se ed o pa i g B LYP ithout dispe -sio a d B LYP-D i te a tio e e gies. The al ulated

o al dista es a e i e elle t ag ee e t ith o -al dista es i CSD stal st u tu es Figu e . At ho izo tal displa e e ts la ge tha . Å, o al dis-ta es a e lo e tha . Å, a d fo > . Å the a e e e lo e tha . Å Figu e .

Ta le . I te a tio e e gies E / k al ol– et ee e ze e ole ules ith diffe e t i te pla a a gles at diffe e t offsets; % de otes pe e tage of the st o gest i te a tio e e g at = . Å, %

I te pla a a gle, °

/ Å

. . .

EE % ∆E %

- . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - .

Detailed stud o e ze e/ e ze e pote tial e e g su fa e sho ed si ila ities of i te a tio s et ee e ze e ole ules ith i te pla a a gles f o to ° Figu e to i te a tio s et ee t o pa allel e ze e ole ules [ ]. Mi i u of e e g fo i te pla a a gles of , a d ° as fou d to e at = . Å a d i te a tio e e gies a e e si ila Ta le . At ho izo tal displa e e ts of . a d . Å, i te a tio e e gies fo i te pla a a gles of a d ° a e also su sta tial f o – . to – . k al/ ol, Ta le , hi h is o e tha % of the st o gest i te -a tio e e g , -as it -as p e iousl dete i ed fo pa allel e ze e– e ze e o ta ts [ ]. Fo i te -pla a a gles o e °, pote tial e e g u es a e dif-fe e t, ith o su sta tial i te a tio e e gies fo off-sets la ge tha . Å i di ati g a o ati C–H/π atu e of i te a tio s Figu e [ ].

Figu e . Model s ste fo al ulatio s of e ze e– e ze e i te a tio e e gies fo i te pla a a gles of a d °; geo et ies ith = . Å a e p ese ted.

Figu e . Cu es of i te a tio e e gies et ee e ze e ole ules ith i te pla a a gles of , , , , a d °, al ulated at B PLYP-D /def -T)VP le el.

The e is a disag ee e t et ee esults of the CSD sea h a d i te a tio e e g al ulatio s fo pa allel e ze e– e ze e i te a tio s. The CSD data sho that the ost f e ue t geo et ies i the CSD a e ith la ge ho izo tal displa e e ts, hile DFT al ulatio s sho the st o gest i te a tio s a e i sta ki g a ea . – – . Å [ ]. Ho e e , utuall pa allel e ze e

ole-ules ha e te de to fo si ulta eous i te a tio s ith su ou di g ole ules if the a e at la ge ho izo -tal displa e e ts Figu e . Fo i te a tio s at la ge ho izo tal displa e e ts, oth fa es of e ze e i gs a si ulta eousl i te a t ith su ou di g ole-ules. Ho e e , fo i te a tio s at s alle ho izo tal displa e e t, o e fa e of ea h e ze e is p e e ted f o fo i g si ulta eous i te a tio s. The additio al si ulta eous i te a tio s of fa es, alo g ith addit-io al i te a taddit-io s of edges e.g., C–H a fo CH–O i te a tio s, Figu e , p o ide fu the sta ilizatio of sup a ole ula st u tu es, ith i te a tio s at la ge offsets, i stals [ ]. Togethe ith su sta tial i te -a tio e e gies, these si ult-a eous i te -a tio s -a e the easo fo f e ue t appea a e of pa allel e -ze e– e -ze e i te a tio s at la ge ho izo tal displa

e-e ts i stal st u tu e-es.

Pyridi e–Pyridi e Parallel I tera tio s

Pa allel p idi e–p idi e i te a tio s e e studied pe fo i g the Ca idge St u tu al Data ase sea h o No e e , , elease e sio . [ ]. Si ila pa a ete s to those fo e ze e e ze e pa -allel i te a tio s e e set Figu e . Co ta ts that i lude h d oge o ds et ee p idi e ole ules a d X–H spe ies he e X a e O, N, S, F o Cl e e e luded f o this sea h data set, si e p e ious i estigatio s sho ed la ge i flue e of h d oge

o di g o p idi e–p idi e sta ki g [ ].

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hi h is the ost sta le o ie tatio fou d p e ious ua tu he i al al ulatio s [ ].

Figu e . Geo et i al pa a ete s of pa allel p idi e–p i-di e i te a tio s; d is the i-dista e et ee the e te s Ω a d Ω’ of p idi e ole ules; R is the o al dista e

et ee the pla es of i te a ti g i gs; Ωp is the p oje tio of

the e te of o e i g to the pla e of the othe i g; is ho i-zo tal displa e e t offset the dista e f o Ω’ to Ωp; to

-sio a gle T is N–Ω–Ω’–N’ to -sio a gle; the a gle et ee p idi e pla es is s alle tha °.

The plot of o al dista es e sus offset alues Figu e a a d dist i utio of offset alues Figu e

sho ed high p efe e e fo ho izo tal displa e-e ts la ge-e tha . Å % of all the o ta ts , si ila to e ze e– e ze e i te a tio s. All of the o ta ts at ho izo tal displa e e ts lo e tha . Å ha e o al dista es i the a ge f o . to . Å, hile fo la ge offset alues o al dista es a e lo e tha . Å, a d e e lo e tha . Å Figu e

.

Cal ulatio s of i te a tio e e gies et ee t o pa allel p idi e ole ules e e pe fo ed at B PLYP- -D /def -T)VP le el of theo [ – ], ithout BSSE o e tio [ ]. O l odel s ste s ith head-to-tail o ie tatio s e e o side ed Figu e , due to al ost u a i ous p efe e e fo to sio a gles T lose to ° i o ta ts fou d i the CSD [ ]. Due to lo e s et of p idi e i o pa iso to e ze e, all odel s ste s had t o su s ste s, la eled as + a d – , he e + de otes that igid o o e s displa ed i the a it oge ato of o e i g o es a a f o

Figu e . Pa allel e ze e– e ze e i te a tio at la ge ho izo tal displa e e t = . Å i stal st u tu e s a pu ea e ze e sol ate CENNUE, a [ ]; oth e ze e ole ules fo additio al a o ati CH/π i te a tio s ith su ou di g e ze e

ole ules, CH/π i te a tio s ith s a pu ea ole ules a d CH/O i te a tio s ith O-ato s of s a pu ea ole ules .

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the othe i g, hile – ea s that at s all ho izo tal displa e e ts it oge of o e i g is pla ed a o e the othe i g Figu e [ ]. The su s ste s + a d – a e e ui ale t fo odel s ste C.

Figu e . Top ie of pa allel p idi e-p idi e o ie tatio s used fo al ulatio s of i te a tio e e gies; geo et ies ith positi e + a d egati e – offset alues of . Å a e p ese ted.

I te a tio e e gies a e si ila fo positi e offsets i all o ie tatio s Figu e a . The i i u of pot-e tial pot-e pot-e g u pot-e as fou d at = . Å fo o i-e tatio C, ith i-e i-e g of - . k al/ ol, hi h is

st o ge i te a tio tha the o es al ulated i p e-ious studies [ ]. This e e g is also e a u ate, ei g i good ag ee e t ith CCSD T /CBS alue of - . k al/ ol [ ].

Fo la ge positi e offset alues, i te a tio s a e also su sta tiall st o g, ei g the st o gest also i odel s ste C, ith i te a tio e e gies of – . k al/ ol at = . Å a d - . k al/ ol fo = . Å. This ea s that % of the st o gest i te a tio e e g is p ese ed at la ge offset of = . Å a d % at = . Å. These i te a tio s a e st o ge tha e ze e e ze e i te -a tio s -at l-a ge ho izo t-al displ-a e e ts, ut thei po tio s of the st o gest i te a tio e e gies a e ot as st o g Ta le . The i flue e of hete oato is huge, si e fa e-to-fa e geo et = . Å is o e sta le tha geo et ies at la ge offsets - . a d – . k al/ ol, espe ti el , hi h as ot the ase fo e -ze e– e -ze e i te a tio s Ta le .

Fo egati e offsets, i te a tio s that i ol e it o-ge ato s a e o e p o ou ed Figu e . The st o gest i te a tio at egati e offsets is also ith e e g of - . k al/ ol, si e C – is e ui ale t to C + . Othe o ie tatio s a e less sta le due to i ol

e-e t of it oge-e i e-epulsio , ith i i a at pote-e tial e e g u es of - . a d – . k al/ ol fo A – a d B – , espe ti el . I o ie tatio A – , the e a e u fa o a le i te a tio s of it oge of o e i g a d it oge ato

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a d e te of the othe i g. The i te a tio i this odel s ste e e e o es epulsi e at = – . Å, si e N–N epulsio e o es o e p o ou ed. This is also it essed the fa t that o al dista es a e e e elo . Å Figu e a . Fo o ie tatio B – the e is a e i i u at = - . Å, ith i te a tio e e g of - . k al/ ol, due to fa o a le CH–N h

d-oge o ds; at these offsets o al dista es a e e e elo . Å. Su sta tial i te a tio s at la ge ho i-zo tal displa e e ts a e also the o se ue e of sigifi a t de ease i epulsio a d less p o ou ed de ease i dispe sio , si ila to e ze e e ze e i te -a tio s.

Ta le . Co pa iso of e e gies E / k al ol– of e ze e– – e ze e, p idi e–p idi e a d e ze e–p idi e i te a t-io s at diffe e t ho izo tal displa e e ts; % de otes pe e tage of the st o gest i te a tio e e g , hi h is fo

= . Å i all i estigated s ste s

I te a tio

/ Å

. . . .

E % ∆EE % ∆E %

Be ze e– e ze e – . – . – . – . P idi e–p idi e – . – . – . – . Be ze e–p idi e – . – . – . – .

Si ila to e ze e– e ze e i te a tio s, sup a-ole ula st u tu es pla u ial a-ole i p idi e–p i-di e i te a tio s as ell. The loss i e e g o i g to la ge offsets is easil o pe sated fo i g addi-tio al i te a addi-tio s th ough fa es of a o ati i gs,

hi h ould e p e e ted f o i te a ti g i the st u tu es ith s alle offsets. I stal st u tu e KINLIC Figu e oth pa allel p idi es at la ge ho i-zo tal displa e e ts fo additio al a o ati a d aliphati CH/π i te a tio s su ou di g ole ules [ ].

Be ze e–pyridi e parallel i tera tio s

Ca idge St u tu al Data ase does ot o tai a pa allel e ze e–p idi e o ta t that ould satisf the i te a tio ite ia des i ed i p e ious

sea hes [ ]. The efo e, o l DFT stud of these i te -a tio s -as possi le, -a d it -as pe fo ed usi g the sa e ethodolog as fo p idi e-p idi e i te a tio s [ ]. Th ee odel s ste s e e o st u ted, ith + a d – su s ste s Figu e , si ila to p idi e–p i-di e pa allel i te a tio s.

Figu e . Top ie of pa allel e ze e–p idi e o ie tatio s used fo al ulatio s of i te a tio e e gies; geo et ies ith positi e + a d egati e – offset alues of . Å a e p ese ted.

Mi i u at pote tial e e g u e as al ulated at = . Å fo o ie tatio B + , ith e e g of - . k al/ ol, hile i i a fo A + a d C + a e al ost e ual i e e g Figu e a . I te a tio s at la ge ho i-zo tal displa e e ts a e also su sta tiall st o g; the st o gest i te a tio fo = . Å as i s ste A + , ith e e g of – . k al/ ol, hile at = . Å i te -a tio i s ste C + is – . k -al/ ol. This e-a s th-at

% of i te a tio e e g a e p ese ed at = . Å, hile fo = . Å the pe e tage is o l a it lo e % , hi h is less tha i e ze e- e ze e s ste , ut o e tha i p idi e–p idi e s ste Ta le . Be ze e–p idi e i te a tio s a e si ila l st o g at la ge ho izo tal displa e e ts as fo fa e-to-fa e

geo-et Figu e a, Ta le .

Figu e . Pa allel p idi e–p idi e i te a tio i stal st u tu e KINLIC di o o- di eth la i o thio a o l thia i ,“ -dip i-d l-tita iu IV p ii-di e sol ate [ ] ith la ge ho izo tal i-displa e e t = . Å, a ; as a o se ue e of these p ii-di es ei g at la ge offsets, oth p idi e ole ules a fo t o additio al CH/π i te a tio s ith liga ds of su ou di g tita iu IV

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At egati e offsets, the e is a si ila eha io as i p idi e–p idi e i te a tio s, ith it oge ato of p idi e fa i g so e epulsio ith e ze e i g e -te . Ho e e , po-te tial e e g u e fo A – ea hes

a i u fo = – . Å Figu e a , ut it is e e epulsi e. As a o se ue e of o l o e CH–N h d o-ge o d, the i i u fo e ze e-p idi e B – o i-e tatio is i-e shallo a d i-eaki-e tha thi-e sa i-e

i i u fo p idi e–p idi e B – o ie tatio . k al/ ol. O e all, at all ho izo tal displa e e ts, e e gies of e ze p idi e i te a tio s a e so

e-he e i et ee te-he e e gies of e ze e– e ze e a d p idi e–p idi e i te a tio s.

CONCLUSIONS

This e ie p ese ted e e t fi di gs a out pa allel i te a tio s et ee t o a o ati ole ules a d et ee t o hete oa o ati ole ules, as ell as et ee o e a o ati a d o e hete oa o ati ole-ule. These studies pa ti ula l sho ed the i po ta e of i te a tio s at la ge ho izo tal displa e e ts, i.e., out of a o ati i g a d e o d the C–H o d egio .

The p efe e e fo la ge ho izo tal displa e e ts, o e . Å, as o se ed fo e ze e– e ze e o -ta ts i s-tal st u tu es f o CSD a d phe l–phe l

o ta ts of phe lala i es i PDB stal st u tu es.

The e is also a la ge p efe e e fo ho izo tal displa e-e ts o e-e . Å fo p idi e-e–p idi e-e o ta ts i CSD

stal st u tu es. E e though these i te a tio s a e eake tha lassi al sta ki g i te a tio s, thei i te -a tio e e gies -a e su p isi gl st o g, ith -alues of – . k al/ ol fo e ze e– e ze e a d - . k al/ ol fo p idi e–p idi e s ste , hi h is su sta tial po -tio of the st o gest sta ki g i te a -tio e e gies % fo e ze e– e ze e a d % fo p idi e–p idi e . Also, o i ed e ze e–p idi e s ste sho s si ila p ope ties. These i te a tio s a e the esult of sig ifi -a t edu tio of epulsio -at l-a ge ho izo t-al displ-a

e-e ts, follo e-ed s alle-e e-edu tio of dispe-e sio . Pa allel i te a tio s of a o ati a d hete oa o-ati ole ules at la ge ho izo tal displa e e ts a e of sig ifi a t i po ta e, si e the a e su sta tiall st o g, a d at the sa e ti e, e a le a o ati i gs to fo additio al i te a tio s th ough oth of thei fa es, the efo e fo i g o e sta le sup a ole ula st u tu es. The a e esse tial fo all ole ula s ste s that o tai a o ati i gs, hi h i lude ate ials, stals, a os ste s, d ugs, a d iologi al s ste s, i pa ti ula p otei s a d u lei a ids.

A k o ledge e ts

This o k as suppo ted Mi ist of Edu atio , S ie e a d Te h ologi al De elop e t of the

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u li of Se ia g a t No. . The autho s a e g ateful to D Ho st Bo a of the Ma Pla k I stitute fo Che i al Ph si s of Solids i D esde , Ge

-a , fo his suppo t.

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– .

IZVOD

PARALELNE INTERAKCIJE AROMATIČNIH I HETEROAROMATIČNIH MOLEKULA

Duša P. Male o , S eža a D. Zarić,

He ijski fakultet, U i e zitet u Beog adu, “tude tski t g – , Beog ad, “ ija Depa t e t of Che ist , Te as A&M U i e sit of Qata , Doha, Qata

P egled i ad

Pa alel e i te ak ije a o atič ih i hete oa o atič ih olekula su eo a až e u he iji i iologiji. O e i te ak ije ig aju až e uloge u p o esi a he ijskog i iološkog p epoz a a ja, a p isut e su i z ačaj e u ogi a osiste i a, leko i a, ate ijali a i k istali a. U o o p egled o adu p edsta lje a su sko ija otk ića u ezi sa p efe e t i geo et ija a i e e gija a i te ak ija iz eđu a o atič ih, od os o hete oa o atič ih olekula. Ra ije studije su pokazale da i a o atič i i hete oa o atič i olekuli g ade ajsta il ije pa alel e i te ak ije kada su eđuso o pa alel o po e e i, tj. kada su i ho izo tal a po e a ja liska ed osti od , Å, p i če u g ade tz . steki g i te ak ije. Be -ze i pi idi su ajčešće ko išće i odel siste i za p ouča a je a o atič ih, od os o hete oa o atič ih i te ak ija, a ajsta il ije steki g i te ak ije u di e u e ze a i di e u pi idi a i aju e e gije od oko – , k al/ ol, od os o – , k al/ ol. P et age Ke ičke aze st uktu ih podataka pokazuju da i a

oatič i i hete oa o oatič i olekuli p efe i aju i te ak ije a eliki ho izo -tal i po e a ji a, iako su steki g i te ak ije jače. P o aču i e e gija i te ak ija a eliki ho izo tal i po e a ji a pokazali su da se eliki deo e e gije i te -ak ije oču a č-ak i kada se d a olekula e p eklapaju; a ho izo tal o po e-a ju od , Å e e gije i te e-ak ije i u di e u e ze e-a i u di e u pi idi e-a iz ose oko - , k al/ ol, što je sko o % e e gije steki g i te ak ije d a e ze a, od os o % e e gije steki g i te ak ije d a pi idi a. Vizuel a a aliza k istal ih st uktu a pokazala je da eđuso o po e a je o ih olekula ka eliki ofse-ti a o oguća a da π-siste p ste a koji je i ače loki a kada se g adi steki g

i te ak ija ag adi dodat e i te ak ije sa olekuli a iz ok uže ja. I te ak ije a eliki ho izo tal i po e a ji a stoga o oguća aju g ađe je ećih sup a o-lekulskih st uktu a, te dop i ose dodat oj sta iliza iji čita og siste a, p i če u se z ačaja deo e e gije jiho e eđuso e i te ak ije oču a. S i o i fakto i utiču

a to da pa alel e i te ak ije a o atič ih, od os o hete oa o atič ih olekula udu f ek e t ije u k istal i st uktu a a od steki g i te ak ija.

Ključ e eči: Be ze • Pi idi • Neko

a-le t e i te ak ije • K istal e st uktu e •

K a t ohe ijski p o aču i • Sup a

Imagem

Figu e  . Be ze e di e   ith a o ati  CH/ π  i te a tio   glo al  i i u  a d sta ki g i te a tio   lo al  i i u
Figu e  a ,  he e  that  i te a tio s  i   p otei s  sho   la ge   p efe e e  to  geo et ies  o espo di g  to  the  ost  sta le  sta ki g  i te a tio   at
Figu e  . The dist i utio  of offset  alues  a  a d  o al dista es  e sus offset  alues plot   fo  pa allel i te a tio s  et ee   phe lala i e side  hai s i  PDB  stal st u tu es
Figu e  . Model s ste  fo   al ulatio s of  e ze e– e ze e  i te a tio  e e gies fo  i te pla a  a gles of   a d  ° ;  geo et ies  ith   =
+4

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