• Nenhum resultado encontrado

Biologia reprodutiva da raia-viola Rhinobatos percellens Walbaum, 1792 (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatidae), da plataforma continental de São Paulo

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Share "Biologia reprodutiva da raia-viola Rhinobatos percellens Walbaum, 1792 (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatidae), da plataforma continental de São Paulo"

Copied!
149
0
0

Texto

(1)

!"# $%&'(&))&$

*+,-./01 +2+

3

(2)

!"# $%&'(&))&$

*+,-./01 +2+

3

6 7 899 :;<< 6=

+ 4/5,5

>? @

A

B@@C

D@

D@ >?E@

A F

(3)

Rocha, Fernanda

Biologia reprodutiva da raia-viola Rhinobatos percellens Walbaum, 1792 (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatidae), da

plataforma continental de São Paulo / Fernanda Rocha. - Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010

149 f. : il., figs., gráfs., tabs., fots.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro

Orientador: Otto Bismarck Fazzano Gadig

1. Peixe. 2. Elasmobrânquio. 3. Reprodução. 4.

Anatomia. 5. Embriões. 6. Maturidade. 7. Gônadas. I. Título. 597

R6722b

(4)

(5)

"

@

#

"

B

A

!

(6)

"@ #" @@B B

D@@ @@@HBID@@$

D@?J

K@ %E &'FL

(D@ !

"@!

K)IJJ

FJD@M BN* @N"BAN

"@%!)!*!!+ $

%> @ $ D@

B!

" , D@ ,D

$>?!

" D@ )! @ ! @ H F-

.!/ ">.

0! >?D@ @ H'! K @>?"

"@ ",O?

@O"1@AD@A@

>?!

K"@O@BP)I

% H D@ I-2QRSN*

I@ D@ B&)

D@)D@/E/J D@

&/'3

'"I+@3%0J

K D@ @ @@@@

B H@B--$ F

B>?>?&)I/@LB T

0@#!"H@@%%@ B

(7)

" %)U!/!!0B@

@ )!L.!@>?.*."V )U! *B+ >? M B@W>W!

"%!)!(!/O"!"!

M@B,. @M 0@.?'

@ .? ' E @ E BB H!KL @.!>? H@ @L%BCB $>?!

*IP0@L IF!

K%U!)U!.)!@ B@>W@B

X %!)! ! G B @W

D@%>?@L)AX%!)!@!D@

@ D@ @C!@

@BAN

K4 @@

B D@@ P P P Y

TD@EBD@@@N

K@ D@@@E

>?

(8)

(9)

@B B D@ I @

@?@@ M @

@!Z"[\##]

[Q\$Q]%& 'I !Z"Q\$#] [(\Q"]%&) *

^"##(^"##+(Q"M

) @ !',&B@"_#`QQ"($

$#"# !,& [`"$[# _#"+`"

A B) -@B E ',

LA',) >?M@$##

#Q$B I @C

B D@ A) >?

M@ BID@>?,a$"+M$#_',b$Q)

@ @ L

@M).L@

@>WM B^#(D@D@

@>W @L@

A)/',I@M@QQ`',

Q+"', A)/L I

@ A @ 0 L

@B',XL `#`[

LE)/VIBF@

"+`_@B _Q+BFB@>?

B)@@B@$bW

!I [``&)1AAWX

$`"$+("_#',)1B

@F? @M)

>? L @B>?0 AX

>W L @L @BD@D@ AB EB@>? >? B)>?L@ B>?

M I >? BB @ B>? @>?) >@A@?LB @ D@L E>W@0C LBB@0>??@ @>?

)

BB @>?)

(10)

, @BO@ O@

?@c@ O@

O c c !Z"[\##] [Q\$Q]%& 'I

!Z"Q\$#] [(\Q"]%&) O ^"##(@@^"##+

(Q" c @),!,2&

"_#`QQ"($$#"#c!,%&[`

"$[# _#"+`" BO), c

,2,2),M

c$###Q$c@Oc@

cO),c c

MOD@,% a$"+M$#_,2b$Q),

O @BOc@O

M)]@O c @M

^"##(Xcc @B]@O

),,2M@@OcQQ`,2Q+",2

), c c c

c,2 XHO c

c`#`[ ),Oc

"+`_B@Oc_Q+OB@@c

@@3B),@@Oc$bO!

[``&)2B@@cOX0

cc$`"$+("_#,2)

M c@), BO

X @B

c cOB

B@ BO),M@O

B@B

@), O @@

cc@ B

@0?@ @)

YOc @O)

(11)

d

L

$)@>?JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)JJ $$

")/HBJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ))) $[

b)B?2@JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)) $Q

[)4@BJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ))) "$

Q)..IJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ ""

Q)$)5*@JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ) ""

Q)"),JJJJ)JJ))JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)) "b

Q)b)/>?67FJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ "[

Q)[)1L@JJJJJJJJJJ)JJ))) "_

_)@JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ b"

_)$)*@@ @>?JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)) b"

_)") @'0>?e

*L.@JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)) b`

_)")$).JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ))) b`

_)")$)$) @JJJJJ) b`

_)")$)")'0>?e*L

.@JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)))) b+

_)")")1AJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)) [Q

_)")")$) @JJJJJ) [Q

_)")$)")'0>?e*L

.@JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ [_

_)b)7 @BJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ Q`

_)b)$).6BB.@JJJJJ) Q`

_)b)")1AJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)) __

_)b)")$)6BB.@JJJJJJ __

_)b)")")8LB*WJJJJJJJJJJJ `#

_)b)b)' .@>?JJJJJJJJJJJ) ``

_)b)[)7FJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ) `+

(12)

()6@?JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ) +Q ()$)*@@ @>?J))JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ +Q

()") @'0>?e

*L.@JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)) ++

()")$).JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ))) ++

()")")1AJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)) $#$

()b)7 @BJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ $#` ()b)$).JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ))) $#`

()b)")1AJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)) $$$

()b)b)8LB*WJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ $$_ ()b)[)' .@>?JJJJJJJJJJJ) $"$ ()b)Q)7FJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ) $"b

`)'@WJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)))J $"`

`)$)*@@ @>?JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ)) $"`

`)") @'0>?e

*L.@JJJJJJJJJJ)JJJJJJJ) $"+

(13)

$$

,9f9

/@ @>? MI@BV

@ ? D@>? ?

V @ @0>?B>? @

! '3-:. $+`bX;GG/2*$++_&)

,@W D@? M

'O)F B@*!@W&

[##WE6B!',/

$+`(X8/83 g2:36"##[& @ @E

@ @ @>?!/:8-

"##b&)@VD@? $#Q#

I!'/.83/"##$&)

*?<@H M

M @ D@D@EB@V @>? L B>W@@V

!;//*3 g Y2 *2"##Q&)I0

MM@B

LBB@M@M@B

!.:=$+(+X 7'' 3 g

'- ./3,*"##"&)

F @>W

VD@ I B D@ P D@

@ B@LB E F

!,-//3$+`(X-/*3 8 g8:7*$++#X./,,"##$&)EB

?@ D@ >?

D@!.: 'Y"##Q&)*B ? D@

?@ @>W @

MF!. 3Y*=g.: 'Y$++_&)3 @>?

@ B@@V!;//*3 g

Y2 *2"##Q&)

/ @>W VD@ I

@P B @

(14)

$"

@0 C B A @ D@ M

LBBA@C@

@>?!;//*3gY2 *2"##Q&)

@VD@@0B

e @D@ I

@BBP@>? @ >? e

!.: 'Y$+++&)

3?M BL I

VD@)*A@@>?B @@

Q"#@ @L EI ) D@

B @<M

@ @>? @ E L E@

!-/*3 8g8:7*$++#X,,g'*=$++#X;//*3gY2 *2"##Q&)

@ D@

@ IVD@>VD@

@ B

!.: 'Y )"###X.: 'Y"##Q&)3 IM

@>?@B D@D@ I

@ >? @?B @PM>?

!,,g'*=$++#X;//*3gY2 *2"##Q&)

?@BPAC

I MB@L@

eX @ @ ?B

@@0!.: 'Y)"###X;//*3g

Y2 *2"##Q&)

, @ D@

@ PB>?VD@!'/.83/

$++#X;//*3gY2 *2"##Q&)/ @D@??B

? > @ @ ) *

?@@ D@A@0@

@ B@ D@@ @ I !'/.83/

$++#X-22$++_&)

*BM@ ? @ D@

(15)

$b

VD@ D@? L E @

B ?F @ BI @L

L I D@ ? ? @ B >W F

MD@BB!.: 'Y"##Q&)

3 C I @ VD@ B

@@ @@@ @?

B B@ ?@@B

IM

D@ @C @B0@

E!7/31 2$++[&)

D@@ @BCVD@

@ !2* $+++&)4@@

@VD@B@

V I @ @

!'*6/2 )"##QX.-22 )"##(&)

@>? @ E@H

!,, g/,Y*$++#& @L

IVD@?

!./,, "##$&) 6

VD@ V I @ ?

@D@@W!.*33 g,*-.33"###&)

3*?@B %@$(+"I

@ @ B D@@

?)*@ E D@>WF

I?M@)

(16)

$[

/9

/HB@ I@ @B

*?@)

; A 0 M L

@X

E @B IL@X

6 I @>?M@X

6@@BX

6X

I M L

@X

' V @BD@BD@

@@)

1D@@@@ H@ E

CD@HBB>? ILD@?)

(17)

$Q

?9 9

BE.hg-$`b(?

D@ A ! > 3/.3 $+"_ 2 3'Y $(+#

>.i22*g-*32*$`b`@ >A4/63g8 27*,$``#&

[[ I!'/.83/"##Q&)

6@ H

C@@

@@BB)?

D@BBL@@W

@ @@

!.*'-3g';2-/"##"&)

I@ @>? @@

@BB@

Me!3/.3$+"_X2,"##[X2, "##[X7*3/:

)"##(& !'j g G/:2 $+(+X2*$+`"X

% 28g./,,$++`X76*2GG $++bX- 7:= "##QX .*3

"##(X.-22 "##(X3; "##(&!

2*$+`"X //:%$+`[X .*3 "##(X7k:, "##`&

F ! 6/326 "##[& @>? V

@!2*$+`"X., 3"##Q& B>?!

2* $+`"X 2G-*.// g ; 22; '*3' /8=G $+++X

.5B:*G1 "##QX ;//*3 "##QX .*4l122 "##_X

7 GG/ "##+&)

E @>?

BB F !%/:.$+((X .*'-3 g ';2-/ "##"X

.: 'Yg*22 "##Q&)*I @>?BB>?C

B 0 BB L @

@>? I B B) 3 @ L @ L BB W E >? D@

BBC!%/:.$+((&)B

@ @ BB L

(18)

$_

? I@>?@ L

>?!*31**g-%"###&)

/@ @B?@

BLW@)3..V @

' IgG@!$++[& 00 !$++b&

!"##(& *HH !"##`&X E / B

@>?@ .LD@01!"##(&@A> .HE1

!"##_&XV'/ - !$++`&

-O !$++`&@ >AA ;B8O0!$++Q&X

E> %g@O@!$++b&Y@ !"##+&X

@L > . !"##(& >

YOg7!"##"&)

37EL A @ >A

D@ I@ >A !.i22* g-*32*

$`[$& 8.3$``#C.i22* g-*32*

$`[$%27:.$(+"!1 8:* *6/$+((X.*33 g,*-.33

"###X ;//*3 "##Q&) / A @ >A

@>? D@+#R

>@I H L@

!7 8*2/%g'-/*6*$+Qb8/.*g86 8"##b&)

@ >A V @

4 I !1 8:* *6/ $+((X

.*'-3 g';2-/"##"&@B

@>? 7!$++$&4 02@!$++Q&.

!"##Q&@:@?@

!"##(&'X>? D@g8!"##[&

.!"##+&I?@X @@ @

7!$+`(& !"##_&D@!"##_&4L

?@ B)/ B I

7 800!"##[&)*B

@E0 7!$+_b&8!$++`&.g!"###&

'B )!"##b&'g'B!"##_&, !"##_&.g2@

(19)

$(

A V 3

3 I

@ 2!"##(&)17@>W @

@B?- !$++`&

-O !$++`& @>?@

%g.!$++`&) 2!"##(&3A

I L@ I @B !86 8 /)7)1)$

&)

CI@@>?L

V@4I!1 8:* *6/$+((X

.*'-3 g';2-/"##"& EB

V @?P 8@

I @!2*$+`"X2* $+`_&I

@3?@!/3G2/:/$++Q&)6

; !"##Q&C :'3D

E!2*g;//*3"##(&IVD@@ @

>@V@@0 P$_m)*

M D@@?@7

@ @ $+`[!D@"###&@

E@@!"##b##^&)*$+(Q

$+`_ D@ @"_WBE@@

D@LXI$##)###ALB

IW>?@D@__

W$$!;//*3 "##Q&) I

@B@E!1 8:* *6/$+((X86 8$++`X

.*33 g,*-.33"###X'-;* "##bX.*33 g2:' 1/"##(&)

*?IC I@ >)

L@ @ @

A D@ @ @ @ @ @B

D@I)* @

B>? BI>?

D@"` [[ IE 2;* I

$

(20)

> :'3! :'

?/

$`$( !2 33

!.i22*g-*32*$`[$&

@

"##(X*344

..V

g.-22"##_&

II

@

I B @

';2-/"##"&)/

$##

I$$#

B e

'-/*6* $+QbX 1

.*'-3g';

= ,7*M

* I

@L

!$+Qb&1@

8@I@!"###&.g

1 1

'3"#$#&)6"#?A

V8*/11/=

*:$(Q`& !3/3=./:$(

&C.i22*g-*32*$`[$! :

@B !76*2GG

"##`&!'jgG/:

X > VI

@ @

)

!1@ $& B@

V

@ 7 !1 8:* *6/ $+((X .

IB@D@

BB@?

@

@ D@ @L !

8:* *6/ $+((X .*33 g

,*--/"##"&)

_bQ )

B B @E

@>?D@

!$+((&8!$++`&.00g

!"###&.*g'B

$`

3,- 2*

(+`&

:'3"#$#&)/

$++bX .*3

:2 $++[&?

!%- ,*

@B

B

L

*'-3 g

I

!7 8*2/% g

.33 "###X

)*b#)

7cg

c!$+++&

(21)

$+

g8!"##b&'B !"##b&' g'B!"##_&.HE1

!"##(&)

2!"##(&@@ W>?F I

@0 I@B

I@@D@ I

D@@D@ )

'BF gL!$+++&;0@@O !"##Q&

E6@!"##`&?@@>?

@ B D@ I

@LE')

IVD@ @

@L'' g'B!"##_& @

D@ @ I D@

@0 L D@?@ @>?)* I

@ !"##_& I @ V

L)3@

>? I>? PC B

D@ P@V LLHL

D@ ? I@@7!86 8

/)7)1)"

&)

*L@ IC

!.*4l122 "##(&@>? @BB 8H

7! !"##`&)/@BD@BBBA

L@V B @

BBL)3I LA

.HE1 !"##(&BD@@>?L@E

I@?)

337@E '>3

837!"##_&B@ >B

D@ HB (#m

) 6 =! !"##Q& =! g 2 !"##_&

E H@B0 @0>? L@?

"

(22)

"#

'>3 L>L L@L

@)

/ L>?L

7c! g!"##+&)* @ALB @7

@L L @ @ ? @

> ?@ P>

@ ) / W B >W

)

(23)

"$

F9

I@ @

B C

?) I @ :'3

>M>?@ EBP

C I @ !'*g7:8*

"##[&)*@? @

D@ ?@E D@> V

B@ACHBBe

>?@7 >WD@BH

@ D@@L@>?)

(24)

""

G9 H

G9,9d6 6 : =:

/M D@@ @@

@> @ D@

?@F$#Q#3

M@E !Z"[\##] [Q\$Q]%&I@

M@E 'I!Z"Q\$#][(\Q"]%&!1@"&)

H@ P>W g * g

@ , C D@ !,&

DhA^"##(^"##+ 0"[

)

= /7 7D@ *?@X7*?@

D@ L@X'L@0>? )

I@

@?@@!',/ )"##bX.6:* g

/ %/38,'-/%Y "##Q&) I @

@ E M F D@?@

I B @ 1E B

!" & !> & M !#

& !" >& !;2*3, 3 g *GG:,/

"##_&)

7

(25)

"b

3*?@ I

"b#!P @BF

P !',/ "##_&) >W

L B0@ B

P@? L@B5@'V@!'&

BB?XB@

' @>? B

@ A

!';2-/"##+&) @@ IL@B"Q"(R'

B?"#"bR'BD@ D@ @ M

@ M"#"bR'M

!',/ "##_&)

G9/9=:

>?@0@ @>? D@ HLB >?

H@ @!L

@ @&)

3F6L:3*' @*M 2@

?;D@

B@!CD@&I D@ P

I1@!$+((&8 )!$++(&D@

!',&@!26&!& D@

!, & M) * @

B@ L E $QR' I

B>?)6L @B

F)

(26)

"[

G9?96 6 =

>?@>?

I@EM

)B>?@>?

A@H@@bM

) @ @

D@>?IL)

= !7"MH@LM )

#a$%&'BXBBX>?C@@ BXBB>XB(X@B)

)@ B>? M @

FB@D@*n

M[mB L$&m

@)I

E ) F B>? M+

E +,QR @ e Me

V@D@)

@B>W@

P@-,.`%- ,.`_IgG@,..[/ %&&&YOg0%&&%)

L @ @B>W'L+

'

(27)

%Q

@ >? @@>? @

V@XE@>?F?(@

VF@@D@ BEBX

@L(@E>

)1ABL>?F?

B D@ @ @ BB

C BF @ V BFX V@

L@XCBD@

@)1ALB CB@C

MB@@W

MBEM

D@L)

#I

@@E@B

@ D@?)2 @

F?MV+

@@M)@e @ @)3@g4@P%&&$)

2L@4+-@

,..Q/g)@0@,...YOg0%&&%#,%)

,7 I @ >? L @ X4+-@,..Q/g)@0@,...YOg0 %&&%)

56

:E@7L@D@L@MEBBEB D@XIBX

0 : :IBMEB7LE@@BBL D@BBX

6 6@:6@7LLBB)EE@ B@

(28)

%_

/7I@>?L@A

X4+-@,..Q/g)@0@,...YOg0%&&%)

56

: 7BLD@BFCV@

?BBX

0 : :7 BLCBB BFV@ BEB

BBX

:6 7BLBFE BA?@ C

V@BBX

o :

6 6: 7 7 BL @ @ BF

BA@D@%QVC

V@BBX

) =576 0,27 BL BF D@ V@ BBCB@X

" =576B 0/27B CBLBFWD@ V@ L BBX

67BLBFD@V@BB CBL)

8 I9$%:;

<9=9:65 6 6

>?M@ ID@A,',

>? @@>?G,.._)"@

L@W#

@) 4 > B>WM@B

D@+D@%>2Y- g2?-,..Q)D@A@I

AL

BV@B12@G,.._)

>? + I @ BL 0

4D@BW-"

"1,.Q,IB@D@

(29)

%$

ܲܶ ൌ ܽ ȉ ܥܶ௕

' &I

I

I I>?)

>?F>?E

4##@D@H@ @

IE D@Y31/,..Q)

A D@ P>?BI >?D@>W?G,.._)

@F@BIL >?@>?LMEB@E)2

BE@@ QL

>?LEMEB)

2BB@@ BL

?BL@H@ D@>?I'

ݕ ൌ ܽ ȉ ݔ௕

' *IL

AI#

I

I>?)

B@+'

ݐ௕ ൌ

ȁܾ െ ͳȁ ݏ௕

' I>?

IB>?)

B + >? # >? I@@,@@

+, B @@>?>@ @G,.._)>>?B

(30)

%`

BI IB@?F@@

+%@>?>@@G,.._)

B>W@

A>?@>?

#@4#ML

@D@W)>WBLB? >?4 BE@VG,.._)4BA

@IBLI

CI?MCB

E)

@

@B>W@@

B+G,.._)1@@ D@?@B>D@II@

?)

4@AE@B@

D@AIL@)

@BCBF

@BLALo) B>W YO g0%&&%@BF

@%QV)DL@@

CB@^@W

CALB-">>,.`%) B

B@MA@@>?

A B@

?@>?)2BB@

>?WALB)" >?4

BE@VG,.._

L)

2I@>?-Q& ID@ D@ Q&mBE@e@@H

(31)

%.

D@BE@HL@ M@)"VFH@ @ @BEP>WBE@@)

I

@@>?I-Q&D@>?

T#CBE@@@#

B>?Ca&Q' ܻ ൌ ސሾെ ސሺͳ െ Ͳǡͷሻሿ

' ' I@BE@@@

#

2BT?@@>?CD@>?' ܻ ൌ ܣ ൅ ܤܺ

' ' I@BE@@@

#

EI@#

0?VIED@

E')

2B-Q&BBT( @BI+'

ܮହ଴ ൌ ݁௑

' EI@#

B-,&&?

M>?I-Q& D@C a

...m)

>? L /> @ D@ e @

BB@e

@4#D@>?Y31/,..Q'

ܴܩܵ ൌܲ௚ൈ ͳͲͲ ܲܶ

' &IepD@X

&I

/>/>I@M @)B>?/>IA@@

(32)

b&

@,.._B@ D@EB@>? PD@

BB>/>,/>%

BE@L@

D@>WM'

ܴܩܵଵൌ

ܲ௚ൈ ͳͲͲ

ܲܶ ܲ௖ ൌ ܲܶ െ ܲ௚ ܴܩܵଶൌ

ܲ௚ൈ ͳͲͲ ܲ௖

' &IepD@X

&I

&I

@@+?>/> BI

/>,/>%'

οܴܩܵ ൌ ܴܩܵଶെ ܴܩܵଵ

4@IBBEFB@>?AAB @F2BG>,.$$ D@

BL IB@@I

D@) /> I Pe>?

@+L>PD@>?/>'

ܴܴܵ ൌܲ௔௣ൈ ͳͲͲ ܲܶ

' &I@@@@

D@X

&I

>IBB@

@?@L?F

AI)

4B@BE>? L?>@@D@>?'

ܴܪܵ ൌܲ௙௜௚ൈ ͳͲͲ ܲܶ ' &IEX

&I)

L>?L'I

(33)

b,

>?@>W

?)@+'@%,

>%&H@XB%,H@%%XB%b %,XB?%%%&>)

#VEBQma&&Q I?BBWI q

B?)

(34)

b%

H9

H9,9 6

"%&&$%&&.$Q[

M [.`%QbA)2M

%_&`QQ#[`%,[&4#%$,,&%&

# _&%.`%4#AB

@[)

= =')@>?DhA#

M)

>?M@'A,&&'&Q,

>W?# b)BE@ @>?BB,',)

& ,& %& b& [& Q& _& $& `&

I

J

6::0::2

(35)

bb

!7@>WM@ BB@ %)oBEBQm&a&&[[)

: 8J: 0:782 / [.` %Qb ,&& &Q, &.[ @ _[ ,&, ,&& ,Q` &,b @>? ,,[ [$ ,&& &[, %&b

@ b%& ,&Q ,&& &b% [,. o W b` %Q ,&& &__ &%$

, ,`% .. ,&& &Q[ &$& % b,_ ,Q[ ,&& &[. ,,,

>?M@I@

Q) 4 # D@ Q%&+Qb. # L V @BMXI_`&+_..#

VX$&&#

ILVMAE

A#)

= <'4>?M@# )

# [ @ _ >W M@ )

2B+ D@ @^&$ B^&` ^&` H^&. B^&. H@^&.

>WM@B,',EBQm

E)?B H^&`

^&`^&`>WM@BLB PA

@_$)

& ,& %& b& [& Q& _& $& `& .& ,&&

(

0

K

2

6::0::2

(36)

b[

=7@>WM@ B B @%)oBEBQm)

J : 8J: 0:782 / ^&$ & , ( + @^&$ _ % ,&& &bb [&& o B^&$ %_ ,b ,&& &Q& ,&& ^&$ & & ( + H^&` , % ,&& %&& &%Q B^&` b, ,& ,&& &b% [[, o ^&` %` ,& ,&& &b_ b%[

^&` b& ,& ,&& &bb [&& o ^&` $ ,, ,&& ,Q$ &,b

H@^&` ,` $ ,&& &b. %[$ H@^&` %, ,[ ,&& &_$ &%Q ^&` ,Q ,. ,&& ,%$ &&[ ^&` % , ,&& &Q& ,&& @^&` b_ ,Q ,&& &[% ,._ B^&` & & ( + ^&` [b %, ,&& &[. ,,&

H^&. ,[ % ,&& &,[ b_&& o B^&. ,, b ,&& &%$ $,, o ^&. b_ ,. ,&& &Qb &`&

^&. b& ,_ ,&& &Qb &$$ ^&. b& ,` ,&& &_& &[[ H@^&. b$ %b ,&& &_% &b$

H@^&. [& ,% ,&& &b& Q[[ o ^&. b$ %[ ,&& &_Q &%.

= H'4>?M@ A)

& ,& %& b& [& Q& _& $& `& .& ,&&

(

0

K

2

6

(37)

bQ

@$@>?CM

AM)%[ @B ^&$B^&` D@?@

M>CM

A IB12@'% a%%.X& a

&&%$)4I%%D@@B@M

?@B>EC

MA12@'%a,$.X&a&&._)

= -'1CM @ E@M)2C@IM)

@>?M@D@

AM@,Qb&.b$m

.[%m.%.mA@`)1B

@ IEBL@

[email protected]@ALo?

b&@)1@Mb&bQ

[&[Q@) &

Q ,& ,Q %& %Q b& bQ [& [Q

I

J

6

(38)

b_

= L'1CM @M@

M)

= .'4>?M @M@

L@A) &

Q& ,&& ,Q& %&& %Q&

,Q+%& %&+%Q %Q+b& b&+bQ bQ+[& [&+[Q [Q+Q&

I

8 66660:2

&m ,&m %&m b&m [&m Q&m _&m $&m `&m .&m ,&&m

,Q+%& %&+%Q %Q+b& b&+bQ bQ+[& [&+[Q [Q+Q&

I J 0 K 2

8 66660:2

0

&m ,&m %&m b&m [&m Q&m _&m $&m `&m .&m ,&&m

,Q+%& %&+%Q %Q+b& b&+%Q bQ+[& [&+[Q [Q+Q&

I J 0 K 2

8 66660:2 0 o ) "

(39)

b$

"@M@M

>W @ >?

MM@@,&)

= ,5'1CM @>?

M@)

L >? + B@ D@ ? L > B@BA& r&&Q& a&$$&

D@H@)>?+

D@>?4#a,%.M,&+_#b,Qa&..&a$Qb@,,)

= ,,'>?#4#M

@)

&

,& %& b& [& Q& _& $& `& .& ,&&

^&$ B^&` @^&` B^&` ^&` B^&. @^&. B^&.

I

J

M 6

,Q+%& %&+%Q %Q+b& bQ+[& [Q+Q&

Oa,%."+_Mb,Q

a&..&

a$Qb

& ,&&& %&&& b&&& [&&&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

0

=

2

(40)

b`

H9/9 : 6 6 < N: 6 56 6 66

_)%),)G

K)**

2@ I F?

MPBX?H

@ B @ E@ @ @ LX

MIBM@L

@F @V@E@ PL@

,%)

= ,/7@@@ #a$`% #a_b&)"LHV@ LD@)"E@D@H

@LD@)0'%&)

2E@@+B@

M@B)#ABA@B

@?BB F?@B

FD@)

02 02

'

(41)

b.

2@L? P@ B>?

BI@M?

e)@>?M@@ B?

@E@

V@-O@BE@B?

)

2 L ? @ >?

E@@D@IIB3"

%&&[X)3B-33> g4B-"K%&&$)2L @ >?@M@)>?

@)"@>?FLBE@ @ @D@@>? D@

D@ F?)2L?

A @ F@@ A

@>?)

V@L ?@@B M @E B IB) "

@B@H@@A)

K)*) L M I"

>W F?@ L@)@>?F?

L@)

"L(@@,b'

+ L D@ D@ ? @ @ @ @

MIBX?MEB D@D@

D@@>?@,[X

+ V@L@@D@@@

BEB>?D@@,QX

+ E@D@?BBX

(42)

= ,!7"M

= ,=7)L B

= ,<7/V@L

' '

@L B

)"'b&)

@ L

#ab.Q)0',&)

@

[.,)")

' [& B#ab.Q

LB

(43)

[,

"L0(@>?@,_'

+ L @ M IB

@,$MEBID@LBE

BBD@@>?X@LB>

L0 B+>?>?@

,$X

+ V@L@BB

D@LHLEB@,$X

+ E@HLBB?D@

L F@ @ @ I

D@EBB@,`X

+ @L@B@B

>@,.BEBD@L)

= ,H7"M@>?L0 BB

#aQ%&)"'b&)

'

(44)

= ,-7)L Q%&B>#a

= ,L7s? QQ&B

= ,.'? 0#a[_%BEB

02

' ' ' L Q$`)"V@

)0'%&)

@@

BBD@E@ ',&)

@L@

F>?e)0

02

[%

0#a L

L0#a )0

L

(45)

[b

"L(@@@%&'

+ LED@@@M

IB D@ @>? BB

P@>W)>?I@BD@D@

H @ M D@ M

A@,%X

+ V@LBBEB

C@,%X

+ E@B@@@B@

,%%,X

+ @LHL@B @C) jEBE>?

V@-O>? BE@>?

@@V+@%%)

@%%P>?@L@

,.)

= /57"M@^@L BB

#a$`%)"'b&)

'

(46)

= /,7#E@@ B

= //7)@L

L

V@-O 02

0

'

'

L#a$[Q

@F@)"F@ 0',&)

BEBF>?e #aQ`,)1 OBE@)0

02

2

[[

Q)" @@)

@ E 'Q)

02

(47)

_)%)%)A

K))*

1A

@BL

H

BLB@?

L

= /!7s?

B

V@

2BL?

F?

BL)1@

D@B

@)

2 B@ ?

P@B

'

@I I @B@

@ B

?@

@)

@@A@

BBD@BL HC)0

?V+B

B

F)>?BB F?

B+BF

BPBA

C@ D@

B

[Q

F?

B

@%b)2

#aQ.& ',&)

B

@

BL

L

(48)

[_

>?@@BC?

P)KD@@M@B@

+@)>?B@ @ FEBFB@)>?

L >? V@ B@ @

@@BLB@>?L@ D@

BBBCE>?@L))>?

B@@V@II

C D@ B @

W)

K))) L M I"

A>W F?

@ I L

@)@>? F?L@

>M@)

"L(@@%['

+ BLD@@%QX

+ B@ @ BEB V@

?BB@%Q)

= /=7"MA@L BB#ab%b

)"'b&)

'

(49)

= /<7s? a[b%B

B@

"L0(@>?

+ BL

X

+ B@

WD@?

= /H7"MA

'

'

@@A

BBD@B H)0',&)

@%_'

BB E@

>?HLI

V@C@%

@>?L0 aQ,.)"'b&)

[$

L# BL

BEB

EB

$)

(50)

[`

= /-72B@@A L0#aQ,% BBB)@@V@

H@@C)0',&)

"L(@@%`'

+ BLE@BA?@@%b%.X

+ B@HLV@C@%bX

+ C@%bX

+ V@BBA>W @L@%bb&)

+ BM@%`)

'

(51)

= /L7"MA B

= /.72BL@A B

02

02

'

'

@L B #a_bQ)"'b&)

L#a_[

E@)1MAE@ )0'Q)

[.

[&

(52)

= !57/V@ #a$_[

"Lo(@^B

+ BL@@

%QV@

+ V@

+ B

D@B

= !,7"MA BB

02 02

'

@@A )1>W)0

B@>?@b,'

E@BA@

b%X

CE

@BM

@b,)

@^B@>?Lo

)>B "'b&)

' Q&

'Q)

D@

LX

EB

(53)

= !/7s? LoB

@)1E@

'

@@A

BBD@ H@I+B@F)0

Q,

(54)

"L)(LB,

+ BLD@

+ V@

+ C@

+ B

D@B@

= !!7"MA BB)>

02 02

'

@bb'

E@D@@b[X

EL

B@@b[

D@LoBEB

bb)

LB,L) #

B

Q%

X

[X

B

(55)

Qb

= !=7s?@@A #a.%Q

L)BBB)BL HCD@)0'%&)

"L"(LB%@bQ'

+ BLD@ D@L)E@

D@@b_b$X

+ V@ELX

+ C@WBB@b$X

+ B@D@L)

BEBD@B@bQ)

'

(56)

Q[

= !<7"MALB%L" #a$.& BB)>B)"'b&)

= !H72BL@A #a_[`L"

B)0',&)

02 02

'

'

(57)

= !-7s? L"B D@BL H)"D

C

"L(@b

+ BLD@

+ V@

+ CBL

+ B

D@B

+ L

02

'

@@A

BB F?C @FV@ WH)0

b`'

EL"

EL

@>?@

@eB@

@b`[,X

L@[,)

02

QQ

#a__Q B)" W

'%&)

"X

X

@b.[&

(58)

= !L7"MA B)>

= !.7O@M

B

02

02

'

'

L #a_. ?B)"

AL

BB)0'%&

Q_

QB 'b&)

(59)

= =57 #a_

= =,7)? B

'

'

C@MAL _,$)1)0'Q

B@b`)1 LH)0

Q$

)

(60)

Q`

H9!9=6 7

_)b),)G')BBG@

2#B@%_&`QQ)2@L

_[,#_bm#LM@L

[`.#[`m#LM@[%)#B#

@I@ D@@>?

M@)

= =/')@>?DhAmL@

#

2BE@@L,%.m )"A%_& _[,# [`$`_4#)2 BE@@>?L0%%.[m@

A [,. _b_#%%[$[_4#)2@^@

LD@A[`.`QQ#b_%%,[&4#

@@E_[bm

@@[%[b)1@[[B+D@L

0D@ C,% D@

D@D@D@ALB@%[)

&m

,&m

%&m b&m [&m Q&m _&m

$&m `&m

.&m ,&&m % _ &+ %$ . % ` &+ %. . b && + b ,. b %& + bb . b[ &+ bQ . b_ &+ b $. b` &+ b .. [ && + [ ,. [ %& + [b . [[ &+ [Q . [_ &+ [ $. [` &+ [ .. Q && + Q ,. Q %& + Qb . Q[ &+ QQ . Q_ &+ Q $. Q` &+ Q .. _ && + _ ,. _ %& + _b . _[ &+ _Q . __ &+ _ $. _` &+ _ .. $&& +$ ,. $%& +$ b . $ [ &+ $ Q . $ _ &+ $$ . $ ` &+ $. . ` && + ` ,. ` %& + `b . `[ &+ `Q . I J 7 0 K 2

6::0::2

(61)

Q.

M>?B^&$@>W@

L@@[[)

= =!')@>?DhAL@A

= ==7)@>?DhAmL@

>W)

2@4E@ @

B@&,[.,_&.%IqB?X[&Q[q%[_[)

2B+>?BB&t&&Q#4@ [QD@>?4a%M,&+,b#[`,_ba&`.&)

&m ,&m %&m b&m [&m Q&m _&m $&m `&m .&m ,&&m +& $ @ +& $ B +& $ + &$ H +& ` B +& ` +& ` + & ` +& ` H@ +& ` H@ +& ` +& ` +& ` @ +& ` B +& ` + & ` H +& . B +& . +& . + &. +& . H@ +& . H@ +& . +& . IJ J 7 0 K 2 6 0 &m ,&m %&m b&m [&m Q&m _&m $&m `&m .&m ,&&m

^&$ B^&` @^&` B^&` ^&` B^&. @^&. B^&.

I

M 6

(62)

_&

= =<'>?#@4 L@)

WE@B%,QQ.$[Q_&_.q,&.$

,$Qb%,&,_`Qq[.Q @-)>?WE@#

>WBB& t&&QD@>W a

&,$_#(%&b$. a&`,`- a&&[`%#+,,%,` a&`%[

@ [_ @ @ [$ B) 2

E@4B@&&_[ _.QQ,_Q&q,&b&@>?

#>?BB&t&&QID@>?4a

%M,&+,b#[_&``a&``,

@[`)

= =H'>?#E@

L@) Oa%"+,bM[`,_b

a&`.&

a[.Q

& Q ,& ,Q %& %Q

& %&& [&& _&& `&& ,&&&

6 6 0 = 2

::0::2

)

0

Oa&,&$_M+ %&b$. a&`,`

a[.[

& %& [& _& `& ,&&

& %&& [&& _&& `&& ,&&&

::0::2

(63)

_,

= =-'>?#@E@-

L@)

= =L'>?#E@4 L@)

LM BE@ L F@

@>B@BE@L)2

VF@ B@,bQ,.,Q$_. q%b.@

>?#>?BB& t&&Q I

D@>?)a&&%b%#+_b_&ba&_QQ@[.)

Oa&&[`%M+ ,,%,`

a&`%[ a[.b

& Q ,& ,Q %& %Q b& bQ

& %&& [&& _&& `&& ,&&&

= : P 6 6 Q 0 ::2

::0::2

)

0

Oa%"+,bM[_&``

a&``,

a[.[

& , % b [ Q _ $ ` . ,&

& %&& [&& _&& `&& ,&&&

: P 6 6 Q 0 = 2

::0::2

)

(64)

_%

= =.'>?#VF@@)

L@)

@E-B@&%Q$.Qb$&q,[Q B>?#D@>?- a&&,[#+ [%Qb a&$..

@Q&>?BB&t&&Q)

= <5'>?#@E-

L@)

1 L B BEB

@@L Q%%m@

Q,XID@@

@@Q%MA^&`)

2@HMBE@F@D@D@) Oa&&%b%M+_b_&b

a&_QQ a[,`

& % [ _ ` ,& ,% ,[

& %&& [&& _&& `&& ,&&&

R : : P 6 6 : 0 ::2

::0::2

)

0

Oa&&,[M+[%Qb

a&$.. a[`` & , % b [ Q _ $ `

& %&& [&& _&& `&& ,&&&

= : P 6 6 6 Q 6 : 0 ::2

::0::2

)

(65)

_b

= <,')@>?DhAm>

# L)

= </')@>?DhAm>

L)

2L B@,b%Q,,.Q&$`[_ q

%%%.)L>?@>?L

#QB@D@$Q+$.`&+`[

LHL?E),&&+,&&m

LE@Qb)

&m %&m [&m _&m `&m ,&&m

6

:

0

K

2

6::0::2

@

&m %&m [&m _&m `&m ,&&m

6

:

0

K

2

6

(66)

_[

<7>?L L )

60::2 (Q70K2 Q=60K2 tQ& `_ ,&& & Q&+Q[ ,[ ,&& & QQ+Q. ,Q ,&& & _&+_[ ,, ., . _Q+_. _ `b ,$ $&+$[ $ ,&& & $Q+$. ,[ $, %. `&+`[ [% %[ $_ `Q+`. .` ,% `` .&+.[ ,%b % .` .Q+.. QQ % .` ,&&+,&[ ,` & ,&& ,&Q+,&. [ & ,&& r,,& [ & ,&&

= <!'>?#L L@)2E@B

LMEBD@D@E@E)S,UTS%UTSbUT +PALM)

2L@A

@>WM@@S T@ Qb)

BE@LI [Q&+Q&&

#LD@ _%&,[QQL

& %&

[&

_&

`& ,&& ,%&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

:

:

6

5

0

::2

::0::2

,U

%U

(67)

_Q

,b%Qb..&FMEBI

BX>?#ID@>?'a%%_M,&+%#,,.,

a&._.)@BE@ [Q&+Q&&I Q%Q+Q$Q

# L MEB @ HL E

bb[& `Q.Q)1I II

BI@ D@XB+@

D@>? a b%M,&+[#,.b. a&_,[)1L

@>? BL D@I

B)2L `&.Q,,.Q&?EX>?

#ID@>?'a%_[#&QQ,a&___)2@

L?@

L?#_)

H7@L?# L )-'CX >?4X%

BV?XB@IX B@I>?XB?>?X>?SpTIBS+

TIB)

R: ,U8 /U8 !U8

`[ ,,$ bb%

&._. &_,[ &___ % ,%,__[ ,.__b. b[,Q,

%%.%. Q.[`, .%&[b ,,., ,.b. &QQ, .b%M,&+b &&b[ _$&M,&+b

>? p p +

2V@L/ B@ Q[Q b_&Q

%%$,q_Q`@>?#>?BB&t

&&Q ID@>?/ a Q_Q M,&+&_#%b`,, a&.,$@ Q[)

2B+D@@A/D@I@

>? # @ F @ M@

)

(68)

__

= <='>?#V@L

/ L@)

1@E@@ @>B& t&&Q D@

D@@@@

)

_)b)%)A

K+)*$ "

2#AB@%$,,&%&)A@L

Q`%#Q$m#LMA@L

Q%`#Q%m#LMD@ D@LB

B _&[#Q.m#LM)A@>?

L0B[[_$&`#@QQ)D@A

L @ @ B @ # 4# ?

#$)

Oa_"+&_M%b`,,

a&.,$

a[`,

& Q ,& ,Q %& %Q b& bQ

& %&& [&& _&& `&& ,&&&

::0::2

)

0

:

:

:

P

6

6

=

R

6

6

5

0

::

(69)

_$

= <<7)@>?DhAmL@A

#)

-7V@@@# 4#A L@)

56 I J0K2 : 660::2 : 660=2

,&, b.. %$,(Q`% _&(_[` 0 [$ ,`_ [[_($&` %.[(,,%& Q[ %,b Q%`(`$, Q&`(%[&` o %[ .Q _%,(`,_ $_&(%&%& ) Q %& _&[(.%Q _Q`(%.`& " ,% [$ _%`(``& `b&(%_[b ,& b. _&.(,&%& $&&(%.`%

A@LC@>W

@ED@[&m

A@ Q_ Q$)"@%[

@AL@))

@L@@)

H@^&.@B@D@L @? D@ P>W)@

D@ >W I B D@ @

@L@@ Q$)2@L

LBL)"@>?K+))I N

&m ,&m %&m b&m [&m Q&m _&m $&m `&m .&m ,&&m

I

J

0

K

2

6::0::2

(70)

_`

= <H7)@>?DhAmL@A

)

= <-7)@>?DhAmL@A

>W)

2@4A B@&,_b b$_,.$%&_b.q[&_`[)2B@+>?BB&t

&&Q#4@Q`D@>?4a,_`M,&+%&#$[[ a&.&_)@>E@Q`@>?

D@@4@BB@F? @>?M@)

&m ,&m %&m b&m [&m Q&m _&m $&m `&m .&m ,&&m +& $ @ +& $ B +&$ + &$ H +& ` B +& ` + & ` +& ` +& ` H@ +& ` H@ +& ` +& ` +& ` @ +& ` B +& ` + & ` H +& . B +& . + &. +& . +&. H@ +& . H@ +& . +& . I J 7 0 K 2 6 0 o ) "

&m ,&m %&m b&m [&m Q&m _&m $&m `&m .&m ,&&m

^&$ B^&` @^&` B^&` ^&` B^&. @^&. B^&.

I 0 K 2

(71)

_.

2B+D@4@L@D@

>L@ML

4LE@>?

LEM@?F+)

= <L'>?#@4 A L@

E)

4BBBM@

B>?>WBLV@

C)

2BLB B@,.Q&,%,bQQ`$. q

,_Q%@>?#BB& t&&Q

Oa,_`"+%&M$[[

a&.&_ a%Qb

& ,&& %&& b&& [&&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

6 6 0= 2

::0::2

) 0 o ) "

Oa%__"+&b&&,b,M

&, ,& ,&& ,&&& ,&&&&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

6 6 0 = 2

::0::2

(72)

$&

MD@>?Ba&,%,[#(,&$._a&.,_@Q.)@

BL-BB@b,&Q,bQ,$&&q``$@H>? #BB& t&&QI?

D@>?-Ba.&M,&+Q#,`..$Xa&`_&@_&)

= <.'>?#BLB

L@)

= H5'>?#@BL-B

L@)

Oa&,%,[M+ ,&$._

a&.,_ a%Q[

& %& [& _& `& ,&& ,%&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

: : : P 6 6 75 0 ::2

::0::2

) 0 o ) "

Oa."+&QM,`..$

a&`_&

a%Qb

& ,& %& b& [& Q&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

= : P 6 6 7 5 0 ::2

::0::2 )

0

(73)

$,

2BL4B@ B B@&&%_$,&&Q

Q&%. q,&&&_)>@>?#IBB& t

&&QD@>?4B a,%%M,&+,$#_%% a&`_$@ _,)

V@4BA@AI#

+@EA

@_%)

= H,'>?#BL4BA

L@

E)

Oa,%%"+,$M_%%

a&`$_ a%Q,

& ,& %& b& [& Q& _& $&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

: P 6 6 75 0 = 2

::0::2

) 0 o ) "

Oa%$."+&b,,&M

a``b a%Q,

&&, &,& ,&& ,&&& ,&&&&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

: P 6 6 7 5 0 = 2

::0::2

(74)

$%

= H/'>?#BL4BA

A)?

B@>?)

2CBFD@QB@%Q$[%q [_[BF@H@>?>?# I@ _b)

1@+ D@?L>? BB

@L)DLCBF@D@%Q

D@B@@,,_Q.q,$[BF@>?

Lo@ _bI?@B>?#)

BF@@B_Q.BF

3.Qm'q[b[)CBF@A #B@+D@B^&$^&` B B D@ @B @>? B ^&` ^&`@@^&`@_[)

& ,& %& b& [& Q& _& $&

:

P

6

6

7

5

0

=

2

6::0::2

B^&$ B^&` ^&` H@^&` ^&`

(75)

$b

= H!'>?#CBF

L@)BFD@QBF D@%Q)

= H='>?#CBF@

A)

& Q ,& ,Q %& %Q b& bQ [& [Q

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

W : 6 8 Q 7

::0::2

0 o ) " & % [ _ ` ,&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&& ::0::2

0 o ) " & Q ,& ,Q %& %Q b&

6::0::2

B^&$ B^&`

^&`

^&` @^&`

(76)

$[

2 BLMVBFG2) [&Q&

XL@IG2)I`%,

q,&bQD@LoIBI

G2)%.`_qbQ`)@ _Q>?G2) #D@BB&t&&QD@>?

G2)a[M,&+,Q#Q[_$[a&`,_)1

@__+D@@>? L@ G2) D@ ILMLoD@

B@>?@L@BF+)1>?

G2)#AB^&$^&`

D@BB@_$)

= H<'>?#VBFG2)

L@)

= HH7@ILMEVBFG2)

L@)

Oa["+,QMQ[_$[

a&`,_ a,_,

& Q ,& ,Q %& %Q b& bQ [&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

0

::2

::0::2

)

0 o

) "

& ,& %& b& [&

0 o ) "

0

::2

(77)

$Q

= H-7@ILMEVBFG2)

A)

2 BG2)B

CBF@BL

B^&$^&`)"AD@B@>?

BB)

V@ ? @ A L

@L0)@V@- B@

Q,&%%[Q,[,$qbb$4&,$_%&[.&_.[q

&%`[ @ _` )>W #B B& t&&QD@>W- a&&%_.#+

b``.Q a&$_b4 a&&&%_#(,&$b. a&$b&@

B)>?-#A

B D@ I@@^&`>^&`I

D@@_.)

& Q ,& ,Q %& %Q b& bQ [&

0::2

6::0::2

(78)

$_

= HL'>?#@-4

V@ L@)

Oa&&%_.M+b``.Q

a&$_b a,,`

& Q ,& ,Q %& %Q

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

::0::2

) 0 o ) "

Oa&&&%_M+ ,&$b. a&$b&

a,&[

&& &Q ,& ,Q %&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

: P 6 6 = R 6 6 : 5 0 = 2

::0::2

(79)

$$

= H.'>?#@V@-

A)

V@C@WB$[Q,bQ_QQQ[`

q,.$,C&`Q_[_Q,&bQq,&`_

@-C@$&$,)>W#B B& t&&QD@>WC a&,b_[#+

%%_%$a&`_,-Ca,M,&+,&#b.,.[a&`%$@

B)

= -5'>?#CC

L@) & Q ,& ,Q %& %Q

6::0::2

B^&$ ^&` B^&` ^&` ^&` @^&` ^&` ^&. H@^&` ^&.

Oa&,b_[M+ %%_%$ a&`_,

a%Q,

& %& [& _& `& ,&& ,%& ,[& ,_&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

: : : P 6 6 W 0 ::2

::0::2

(80)

$`

= -,'>?#@C-C

L@)

2C4C@BB@&&&b,$_&&`[``bq

,_`&.)>@>?#BB& t&&Q

D@>?4C a bM,&+%$#.[... a&`_,@$%)@$% BD@@$%IBMC,&

@>? B@ D@L0@4C D@L>? B

BLo)ABD@

>B@WBBL)

"ILB@>4CB@M

#@$%)

Oa,"+,&Mb.,.[

a&`%$

a%Q,

& ,& %& b& [& Q& _& $&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

=

:

P

6

6

W

0

::2

::0::2

)

0

o

)

(81)

$.

= -/'>?#IC4C A L@@

M,&E) Oab"+%$M.[...

a&`_,

a%Q%

& Q& ,&& ,Q&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

: P 6 6 W 0 = 2

::0::2

) 0 o ) "

Oab"+%$M.[...

a&`_,

a%Q%

& , % b [ Q _ $ ` . ,&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

6 0 = 2

::0::2

) 0 o ) "

Oab"+&Q&&,_QM a%Q%

&&&, &&,& &,&& ,&&& ,&&&& ,&&&&&

& ,&& %&& b&& [&& Q&& _&& $&& `&& .&& ,&&&

: P 6 6 W 0= 2

::0::2

(82)

`&

1@E@@A @>B& t&&Q D@

D@@A

)

K+))IN

ALBL)"@

E _$mA@

#$)#B@ D@>W MBB^&$@Q$)

1@ Q$B+ D@AE>? B @ L ) BA B?^&` @^&`

B^&`X D@ D@ B> >? W L "BA BW

@)1+D@ABLI+B@F@

>W @ D@ D@ > E

>?B^&$B^&`X D@W+ B@@@>W@X D@

L+^@@LBM>?

B^&$)

#ALBBB^WC

a,$M@L)D@CD@)1?@B

>B& t&&QCB@W

CD@D@?@E)

1E>?@CL@@BBBB

C)L@ D@?V@A

>??LB)L@?

@D@ C D@

M I B ) B>

BBLL@@

C @ $b W

(83)

`,

= -!'L@B@A #a_[`L

")0'%&)

"H@,%ALBL"@

_bWb.%%,$A%[

@,_`A@$[)2

W#B@_,%&,.$,$Qq%$[`D@D@

B@,&%&%Q__&,`,,bqQQ_%@$Q$_)

= -=71CW CA E@M)

= -<7)@>?DhAW#

M) & % [ _ ` ,& ,% ,[ I J 0 W : 6 : M 2 6 A & % [ _ ` ,& I J 0 W : 6 : M 2

6::6:0::2

(84)

`%

= -H7>?#4#W

A )

1@$Q$_+ D@?WB

BBL

@L@)2WBD@

@>? BEM>@")1

@A+W_,%&_%%Q#>@"IB@

FM@BFI+B@F@D@

M@?@P>@$$)

1 @ @ ? %, W ,%& ,$. # D@ HL EM @>@"@>? BEBIC@ D@

?@$`)2@I`W,$_,`$

#D@HL@>@"?BC@

BE4@@$.)1 C@A+ b%W P,`%

,.$# HL>@"4@B@@ BE@`&)

Oa,"+&QM%$$

a&.%&

a_b

&

Q

,& ,Q

%& %Q b&

& Q& ,&& ,Q& %&& %Q&

:

M

0

::2

:::M 0::2

(85)

= --7"W

> 4@)"?

= -L7"W

BB?

C

'

'

@BM ?BEM>@" HLM[mD@ ?@P>H)0

@@BM

>?@),BE

C@BE)0'%Q)

`b

)"

C@BE

M '%&)

(86)

= -.7"W

@>?BEM

= L57"W >?BE

1@ `, `

BB

WA I

B

"+ D@

,.$#WP

' ' @BM >@">?@@)&,C

0'%Q)

D@@BM M)>BE)0

`%B+@>?>@

W)M

@E@

W>@"D@ B&t&&Q)

P%_&#

`[

)1 C@BE)

)1 '%Q)

@" D@

>? B

H,`%+

(87)

`Q

= L,7>?W#BE

M>@" )

= L/7>?W4#BEM

>@" )

>?#CIBWA

BB& t&&Q D@ D@AA

@ `b)>?W

# P#AIBB& t&&Q B a&_b&@ `[)3I

D@A@W)

2CWB@,bIQ%Q@

`Q)@+B@W@ @

B[``B^W)

Oa+&&`bbMp,Q`%. a&.b%

a_b & % [ _ ` ,& ,%

& Q& ,&& ,Q& %&& %Q&

7 Q ( 0 = 2

:::M 0::2

Oa+&b$._Mp`b.,% a&_,`

a_b & % [ _ ` ,& ,%

& Q ,& ,Q %& %Q b&

7 Q ( 0= 2

(88)

`_

= L!'>?#CIBW

A )

= L=7>?A#

WP# )

Oa&Q&_Mp,bb`. a&.Q[

aQ Oa&$[.Mp&%b[,

a&.Qb a,% & % [ _ ` ,& ,% ,[ W : 6 7 6 : M 8 J :

6::0::2

B

W

B

W

Oa&&bbQMp,_[[b

a&_b&

ab%

,`& ,`% ,`[ ,`_ ,`` ,.& ,.% ,.[ ,._ ,.` %&&

& %&& [&& _&& `&& ,&&&

: : 6 : M 0 ::2

(89)

`$

= L<7A L"#a``&@W BC)0'%&)

'

(90)

``

K++ " L

4IL-Q& QQ`-,&& __,

XD@ D@AB+ Q.%-Q&$,&-,&&)

BI>?I-Q&@ QQ.[$-,&&FM _$.X HL-Q&A@ Q.Q$.-,&&FM$.Q@`_)jEB

D@M>I-,&&D@I

,``QAB)

= LH')>?I@>?-Q& @>?-,&&A ) >?IL-Q&HX-,&&>++

M>?I-Q&BX-,&&BAX@)

ġŵĞĂƐ

(91)

`.

K+-.#O

?>IA%b_mq&$_m%[bmq

&$$m E) I ?>

>WA@`$)1+

D@>WD@ )"M^&`>W?>?

M@A D@)#@A

D@?>@L I

H@`$)

= L-7@>W>?L?>mA

%[)E@L @D@D@H@LXAL

)?I?>@A BL@)

#I@B B>??>#@ ``)

1 A I EB A >W'

D@@I[%&+[b.#XD@@BI _[&+_Q.#X@>W@

MI) 1 @ ? BEB I

>W@BMII_`&+

_..#>W?@IM

IAD@)

& , %

b [ Q _

0

K

2

: 6

A

F@ AF@ IG

(92)

.&

= LL7@>?>?L?>mA

#)?I ?>@ABL

@)

/>>@@B>?D@

E@B&[,&$.m&Q` q&,,m

&Q[&._m&$, q&,bmB)">?A@

EB>W&,.,&_,m,.bq

%&&m/>&$&,[%[mb$`qb&_m>@`.

.&)

= L.7@>?>?L/>mA@

%[)

& , %

b [ Q _

0

K

2

6::0::2

A

& %

[ _ `

,&

0

K

2

6

A

(93)

.,

= .57@>?>?@+L>mA@

%[)

1@+ D@/>ABB^&$^&`

@^&`^&`D@VA

Lo)F^&`/>@@E

^&.VAL"@`.)>BA

?/>LM

B^&`A@HL@^&$B PALo B^&$/> PLBL)"B^&`X

@^&`P/>BX^&. ^&.I P>LBL)"@.&)

@ `$ `..&B@+@/>> D@?>@^&$B^&$X>?IB

^&.B^&` H@^&`/>?>M@>

B@@)

>?/> D@B/> B>WB^&$^&`@^&`@^&`

BD@B@>?BEB@.,)

& %

[ _ `

,& ,%

0

K

2

6

A

(94)

.%

= .,7)>/>BI/>,/>%A L@%[)

/>>IB#@.%

.b)"MBLBIQ%&+Qb.

# F AB@+ @@

>WD@ D@ @

@B>W@@BD@BA)

= ./7@>?>?L/>mA

#) && &% &[ &_ &` ,& ^ &$ @ ^ &$ B^ &$ ^ &$ H ^ & ` B^ & ` ^ & ` ^ & ` ^ & ` H@ ^ & ` H@ ^ & ` ^ & ` ^ & ` @ ^ & ` B^ & ` ^ & ` H ^ &. B^ &. ^ &. ^ &. ^ &. H@ ^ &. H@ ^ &. ^ &. 0 K 2 6 && &Q ,& ,Q %& %Q b&

bQ [&

0

K

2

6::0::2

A

(95)

.b

= .!7@>?>?@+L>mA

#)

1 A >? A L

@@.[B?L

@)/>>D@L>B

LoX>?LBL)"II >>/>))

@>?>@>L?B

/>L)" D@A B/>@

FM B>>))+

B>??>L@'ILML

BIL"

E@>?@@B)4A

L@>?E

@>WE@ @?>L")

&& %&

[&

_&

`& ,&& ,%& ,[&

0

K

2

6::0::2

A

(96)

.[

= .=7@>?I>WL?>mL/> m@+L>mA

L@)

1 >? A >W L

@@BB@

@.Q)>?/>>BBB

@L@LBM?

D@@@)

= .<7@>?>WL?>mL/>m @+L>m L

@)

& %

[ _ `

,&

0 o ) "

+

0

K

2

56 6: 66

?>

> />

&& &Q

,& ,Q

%& %Q b&

0

+

0

K

2

56 6: 66

?>

>

(97)

.Q

-9 X

-9,9 6

I @ #

3/B"3")2,.$$ _&&$&&#B @B)3>W#

4+-@,..Q>@O %&&QC!%&&Q

0%&&_gB%&&_C!g-%&&_/H+0!

%&&`XH@@#B,[$,&%&

#)2@V?@@

%_&,&%&#)gB%&&_I@M

FM@#X@

#LMFMB#@@)

2MD@%&&#@

10C!%&&Q0%&&_C!g-%&&_

e/H+0! %&&`?B

@D@@++

0+@++@e)MD@

%_&#? HL @">?4@@^@@ #2GY>))/),)X/)3/2)0)))))

+ D@ @A M # B+ P

@ P

@)

@A > >? M@ B

I>@O %&&Q

C!%&&Q0%&&_C! g-%&&_/H+0!

%&&`)0%&&_B@EA@@

,

#2GY>))/)4D@4D@G3@4>?4@> >40)

%

(98)

._

D@B@)?B

>B>?M@BW

@@BE D@I B

IC!%&&Q-,.`%)"E

@DhA>?M@@

>431/",._$HA@BB@L@

@@)3 %&&$ @

F>?M@M@AA

@ 0Eu!@GV)

@ VD@ @ I

A EI >?

M@B@ P,',-">>,.`%

44j gG2B-3,..[ GYVB"G+l>%&&$

3>G"1 )%&&$"1DD %&&`*

F"1031 g >?BCB1 ,..b YBG" %&&. *

G>?-- %&&$ * YC1" g 0"11"## %&&%

Z *A 421G+-2B2,..QXG#31>%&&QX4>VB312%&&_

ZA* G"Dl+-- )%&&_D@D@@B+/O,..Q

> )%&&_EA@>W@

Z)A Z B)4BB EB>WM@@Fg>@O@,..bGLD@+

E%&&$D@>?M@WH

@BV@)>>W

M@W-,.`%

D@BBAWB

@)

1?E#L

Q%&+Qb. _`&+_..#A

#@D@D@)>@FO+?

,...I@BA?@

D@M F@GG2-",.._

VD@44j g G2B-3,..[X *

P /3) g )B 0B3# ,...X /8

(99)

.$

%&&%X )3//"> %&&[X@22"1

%&&QX GYVB"G+lG%&&$X* YBG"

%&&.)

EBB @ B^&` ^&` H^&. B^&. H@^&.

B L@E

EAI0%&&_

/H+0! %&&`)

@@?HB

@CM@? @

B@AB>?@@>?4@)

"+B@Gg>c%&&b D@? B>? B

3HE>)

@AM^&$B^&`

@C^&$H^&`^&`B+B P>I@@A HLD@MD@M

@@BE@@

I @ B D@ ?E@)2@@

EB@CBC

D@?@@

M^&`BI

@ [QQ&M

@E3)"@>?I>

,&&@-">>,.`%XG"?1 g@-?2%&&% D@

L@A

M3)

>?B.b$mM,Q b&

@AIL@

@@C2Y2#%&&QX002>%&&_XC2Y2#g-">>%&&_

/3D-0+0"1)"Y %&&`

(100)

.`

1@0-,.`%B@D@@>?B @EM _&@ELB

H@B%&XD@ D@@ @ `&,&&@)3I

I>?4@4+-@,..QD@@

EHBL@M%&@)A

L@M Q@I B 44j g G2B-3 ,..[ D@ I

@FM,&&)

-,.Q,D@>?+>W

BF BA@)-,.`% @@ D@>W+A

@ B @ F?

@ > B) >@

EG%&&,@ D@@A>>?+

>?+ P

M@A@)

A-,.Q,-

,.`%BG%&&,B@A>

>W+ M

D@BM@A@)"

I 0%&&_B >W+

MM@A@)

1>W+M

IB-,.`%ZA* GHE+

)%&&_)DL GYVB"G+l>%&&$

3>G"1 %&&$*YBG" %&&.Z

0#3>#,.`$>W+M)

(101)

..

-9/9 : 6 6 < N: 6 56 6 66

$)%),)G

1VD@@ I F?

D@BF2BG>,.$$@? )

%&&[I)2H>?

F?B@?DhB

@W&4##,.$.&

A 0313g?3G21#"%&&%)

"E@@?@@

?,._.4,.``)

1E@F?I@@BB

@4##,.``-,.`%

)

B>? BB E@

EL@>?M@

%&&[B@)-,.`%I

B I B@>?

@@ D@ W @ D@ I

B)

1>?F@L

F@,.$$BM

B@ D@V@-OM

L) 2 @ @ V @ @

L4,.$.&) IB

)

L @ V@ ? M@ @L

OF2BG>,.$$)@@@>?D@

Referências

Documentos relacionados

Por outro lado, teores de MS da forragem acima dos 40%, para além de dificultarem o seu calcamento no silo e a desejável expulsão do ar presente, pelo aumento exagerado da

Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela STATI - Biblioteca da UNESP Campus de

Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela STATI - Biblioteca da UNESP Campus de

A female of ptivity Zapteryx brevirostris were caught at Queimada Grande Island, Itanhaém, São Paulo on 19/II/ 2002, and transported to Núcleo de Pesquisa e Estudo em

Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Central da Universidade de

Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Central da Universidade

Para verificar a influência da temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e tráfego de formigas sobre a abundância de forídeos, foram feitas as médias dos dados coletados em cada um dos

Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Central da Universidade de