Iniciação à Filologia Germânica

INICIAÇÃO À FILOLOGIA GERMÂNICA INICIAÇÃO À FILOLOGIA GERMÂNICA

BREVE HISTÓRIA COMPARADA DO INGLÊS E DO ALEMÃO BREVE HISTÓRIA COMPARADA DO INGLÊS E DO ALEMÃO Álvaro Braa!"a #$FR%&

Álvaro Braa!"a #$FR%&

A H'()*r'a +o!+'(a ,o ','o-a '!l.( # Ol, E!l'(/ 0

A H'()*r'a +o!+'(a ,o ','o-a '!l.( # Ol, E!l'(/ 0 M',,l1 E!l'(/ &M',,l1 E!l'(/ &

I2 CONSIDERAÇ3ES GERAIS I2 CONSIDERAÇ3ES GERAIS

DEFINIÇÃO DAS CIÊNCIAS DA LING$AGEM DEFINIÇÃO DAS CIÊNCIAS DA LING$AGEM

FF'lolo'a 0 ,1 'lolo'a 0 ,1 4/'lo( #a-'5a,1& 6 loo( #4alavra7 (a81r&2 O 4/'lo( #a-'5a,1& 6 loo( #4alavra7 (a81r&2 O o891)'vo ,ao891)'vo ,a

FF'lolo'a (1r'a a 'lolo'a (1r'a a r1()a:ra"r1()a:ra";o ,1 :- ;o ,1 :- )1<)o o:7 1- :- (1!)',o -a'( 1(41+=>+o7)1<)o o:7 1- :- (1!)',o -a'( 1(41+=>+o7 +o!/1+'-1!)o ,1 :-a l=!:a o:

+o!/1+'-1!)o ,1 :-a l=!:a o: ,1 :- ,1 (1:( 1()?'o( a)rav@( ,1,1 :- ,1 (1:( 1()?'o( a)rav@( ,1 ,o+:-1!)o( 1(+r')o(2

,o+:-1!)o( 1(+r')o(2

FF'lolo'a G1r-!'+a 0 +'.!+'a :1 'lolo'a G1r-!'+a 0 +'.!+'a :1 1():,a a +:l):ra ,o( 1():,a a +:l):ra ,o( 4ovo( :1 ala-4ovo( :1 ala-l=!:a( 1r-!'+a(2 A 1<4r

l=!:a( 1r-!'+a(2 A 1<4r1((;o l=!:a( 1r-!'+a( o' +r'a,a 1-  1((;o l=!:a( 1r-!'+a( o' +r'a,a 1-  4or4or FFra!5 Bo44 4ara ,1('!ar :-a ra!5 Bo44 4ara ,1('!ar :-a a-=l'a ,1 l=!:a( ,1r'va,a( ,o a-=l'a ,1 l=!:a( ,1r'va,a( ,o '!,o1:ro41:2'!,o1:ro41:2 L'!=()'+a 0 +'.!+'a :1 1():,a o( 4r'!+=4'o( 1ra'( ,a or-a";o 1 1vol:";o L'!=()'+a 0 +'.!+'a :1 1():,a o( 4r'!+=4'o( 1ra'( ,a or-a";o 1 1vol:";o ,a l'!:a1-2

,a l'!:a1-2

FF'lolo'a 0 1():,o 'lolo'a 0 1():,o ,a +'v'l'5a";o ,1 :- ,a +'v'l'5a";o ,1 :- 4ovo a)rav@( ,1 ,o+:-1!)o(4ovo a)rav@( ,1 ,o+:-1!)o( l')1r?r'o( 1(+r')o(2

l')1r?r'o( 1(+r')o(2

II2 PR0HISTÓRIA LINGJSTICA II2 PR0HISTÓRIA LINGJSTICA

II22 O '!,o1:ro41: 0 o '!,o1:ro41:7 a 4ro)o0l=!:a7 1ra

II22 O '!,o1:ro41: 0 o '!,o1:ro41:7 a 4ro)o0l=!:a7 1ra :-a l=!:a K1<'o!al2:-a l=!:a K1<'o!al2 A K1<;o !o-'!al 1ra 1')a ,1

A K1<;o !o-'!al 1ra 1')a ,1 a+or,o +o- a :!";o ('!)?)'+a a+or,o +o- a :!";o ('!)?)'+a a K1<;o v1r8ala K1<;o v1r8al +ara+)1r'5ava0(17 ,1!)r1 o:)ra( -ar+a(7 41la 4r1(1!"a ,o

+ara+)1r'5ava0(17 ,1!)r1 o:)ra( -ar+a(7 41la 4r1(1!"a ,o !-1ro( ('!:lar7!-1ro( ('!:lar7 4l:ral 1 ,:al2 A 4ro)o0l=!:a 1()ava l'a,a a v?r'o( 4ovo( ,1 +:l):ra 4a()or'l 4l:ral 1 ,:al2 A 4ro)o0l=!:a 1()ava l'a,a a v?r'o( 4ovo( ,1 +:l):ra 4a()or'l 1 :1rr1'ra2 Co- a ra-1!)a";o ,a

1 :1rr1'ra2 Co- a ra-1!)a";o ,a a!)'a :!',a,1 '!,o1:ro4@'a (:r'ra-a!)'a :!',a,1 '!,o1:ro4@'a (:r'ra-,:a( ra!,1( a-=l'a( l'!=()'+a(

,:a( ra!,1( a-=l'a( l'!=()'+a(

ra-o 1:ro41: 0 l=!:a( +1!):-7 :1 +o!(1rvara- a( a!)'a( o+l:('va( ra-o 1:ro41: 0 l=!:a( +1!):-7 :1 +o!(1rvara- a( a!)'a( o+l:('va( :):ra'( ,o '!,o1:ro41:

:):ra'( ,o '!,o1:ro41:

ra-o a('?)'+o 0 l=!:a( (a)1- 0 1vol:";o ,a( o+l:('va( :):ra'( 4ara ra-o a('?)'+o 0 l=!:a( (a)1- 0 1vol:";o ,a( o+l:('va( :):ra'( 4ara +o!(oa!)1( r'+a)'va(2 E< la)'- 0 1::(7 (!(+r')o 0

+o!(oa!)1( r'+a)'va(2 E< la)'- 0 1::(7 (!(+r')o 0 a"va(a"va(

D'()r'8:'";o ,o( ra-o( or':!,o( ,o '!,o1:ro41: D'()r'8:'";o ,o( ra-o( or':!,o( ,o '!,o1:ro41:

R

G

Grreeggoo SSâânnssccrriittoo

I

Ittáálliiccoo IIrraanniiaannoo

E

Essllaavvoo AArrmmêênniioo

B

Báállttiiccoo **HHiittiittaa

A

Allbbaannêêss **TTooccáárriioo



IIll!!rriiccoo **""rr!!ggiioo

Trácio Trácio

Germânico Germânico

 # l!nguas e$tintas% *

 # l!nguas e$tintas% * # l!nguas mortas# l!nguas mortas

QUADRO COMPARATIVO DAS LÍNGUAS INDOEUROPÉIAS QUADRO COMPARATIVO DAS LÍNGUAS INDOEUROPÉIAS

((apud BUNSE:1983,17)apud BUNSE:1983,17)

G&tico G&tico im im is is ist ist

G

Grreeggoo SSâânnssccrriittoo

I

Ittáálliiccoo IIrraanniiaannoo

E

Essllaavvoo AArrmmêênniioo

B

Báállttiiccoo **HHiittiittaa

A

Allbbaannêêss **TTooccáárriioo



IIll!!rriiccoo **""rr!!ggiioo

Trácio Trácio

Germânico Germânico

 # l!nguas e$tintas% *

 # l!nguas e$tintas% * # l!nguas mortas# l!nguas mortas

QUADRO COMPARATIVO DAS LÍNGUAS INDOEUROPÉIAS QUADRO COMPARATIVO DAS LÍNGUAS INDOEUROPÉIAS

((apud BUNSE:1983,17)apud BUNSE:1983,17)

G&tico G&tico im im is is ist ist

si'()um si'()um si'()ut si'()ut sin+ sin+

II22 L=!:a( 1r-!'+a( !a

II22 L=!:a( 1r-!'+a( !a E:ro4a 1 1- o:)ro( +o!)'!1!)1(E:ro4a 1 1- o:)ro( +o!)'!1!)1( a& E:ro4a 0

a& E:ro4a 0 al1-;o7 ,'!a-ar:.(7 1r*'+o #Il/a( F1r1&7 r=('o #4rov=!+'aal1-;o7 ,'!a-ar:.(7 1r*'+o #Il/a( F1r1&7 r=('o #4rov=!+'a /ola!,1(a ,1

/ola!,1(a ,1 FFr'1(la!,&7 /ola!,.(7 '!l.(7 r'1(la!,&7 /ola!,.(7 '!l.(7 '(la!,.(7 l1)518:r:.( #,'al1)o'(la!,.(7 l1)518:r:.( #,'al1)o ra!+o0-o(1la!o ,o al1-;o

ra!+o0-o(1la!o ,o al1-;o 1- L:<1-1- L:<1-8:ro +o- ()a):( ,1 8:ro +o- ()a):( ,1 l=!:a&7l=!:a&7 !or:1:.( 1 (:1+o2

!or:1:.( 1 (:1+o2

8& O:)ra( r1'Q1( 0 ar'aa!( #,1(,1  a (1:!,a

8& O:)ra( r1'Q1( 0 ar'aa!( #,1(,1  a (1:!,a l=!:a ,a R148l'+a S:ll=!:a ,a R148l'+a S:l Ar'+a!a&

Ar'+a!a&

'=,'(+/1 #a!)1( ,a S1:!,a G:1rra M:!,'al ala,o a

'=,'(+/1 #a!)1( ,a S1:!,a G:1rra M:!,'al ala,o a l1()1 1 (:,o1()1 ,al1()1 1 (:,o1()1 ,a E:ro4a2 Ho91 1- ,'a ala,o

E:ro4a2 Ho91 1- ,'a ala,o !a A-@r'+a ,o Nor)1 1 A-@r'+a ,o !a A-@r'+a ,o Nor)1 1 A-@r'+a ,o S:l&2S:l&2

III2 $NIDADE GERMÂNICA III2 $NIDADE GERMÂNICA

I,a,1 ,o Bro!51 0 2UU 0 UU a2C2 0 41!1)ra";o ,o( 1r-a!o( !a I,a,1 ,o Bro!51 0 2UU 0 UU a2C2 0 41!1)ra";o ,o( 1r-a!o( !a E(+a!,'!?v'a 1 ,1 l?

E(+a!,'!?v'a 1 ,1 l? 1- )r.( ,'r1"Q1(1- )r.( ,'r1"Q1( o1()1 #R1!o&7 (:l #Da!8'o& 1 l1()1 o1()1 #R1!o&7 (:l #Da!8'o& 1 l1()1 #V=():la&7 a+arr

#V=():la&7 a+arr1)a!,o7 +o- '((o7 a 1)a!,o7 +o- '((o7 a -'ra";o ,o( +1l)a(2 $-a :!',a,1-'ra";o ,o( +1l)a(2 $-a :!',a,1 1r-a!o0+1l)a +o1<'()

1r-a!o0+1l)a +o1<'()': ,1 UUU ': ,1 UUU a2C2 a)@ 60 W2 a2C2 a)@ 60 W2 D2C2D2C2

A)rav@( ,1 '!or-a"Q1( ,o( a:)or1( +l?(('+o( +o-o C@(ar7 T?+')o 1 Pl=!'o7 o A)rav@( ,1 '!or-a"Q1( ,o( a:)or1( +l?(('+o( +o-o C@(ar7 T?+')o 1 Pl=!'o7 o V1l/o7 +o!/1+1-o( al:-a( or-a( l1<'+a'( :(a,a( 41lo( 1r-a!o(

V1l/o7 +o!/1+1-o( al:-a( or-a( l1<'+a'( :(a,a( 41lo( 1r-a!o( :r:( #al2 A:1ro+/(&7 a:ro:1 al+1( #El+/1&7 al+1

:r:( #al2 A:1ro+/(&7 a:ro:1 al+1( #El+/1&7 al+1 l1(:- #Gla(&7 1- 4)2l1(:- #Gla(&7 1- 4)2 -8ar 8ar8'):( #Bar,'1)&7 8ar,o a!)a #Ga!(&7

-8ar 8ar8'):( #Bar,'1)&7 8ar,o a!)a #Ga!(&7 a!(o (a4o #S1'1&7a!(o (a4o #S1'1&7 (a8o!1)1 )a<:( #Da+/(&7 )1<:o /ar4a #Har1&7 /ar4a

(a8o!1)1 )a<:( #Da+/(&7 )1<:o /ar4a #Har1&7 /ar4a r:!a #R:!1&7 r:!a2r:!a #R:!1&7 r:!a2 D1!)r1 1((1( )1()1-:!

D1!)r1 1((1( )1()1-:!/o(7 o /o(7 o -a'( a!)'o ,o+:-1!)o -a'( a!)'o ,o+:-1!)o 1r-!'+o7 ,a)a,o1r-!'+o7 ,a)a,o 1!)r1 WUU a2C2 1 o a!o U7 @ :-a '!(+r'";o rava,a !o +/a-a,o El-o ,1 1!)r1 WUU a2C2 1 o a!o U7 @ :-a '!(+r'";o rava,a !o +/a-a,o El-o ,1 N1a: #Á:()r'a& /ar'a()' )1'Xa #,1+'ra";o

N1a: #Á:()r'a& /ar'a()' )1'Xa #,1+'ra";o '!+o!+l:,1!)1&'!+o!+l:,1!)1& O:)ro ,o+:-1!)o '-4or)a!)1 @ o

O:)ro ,o+:-1!)o '-4or)a!)1 @ o Cor!:( A:r1:-Cor!:( A:r1:-7 1!+o!)ra,o 1- 7 1!+o!)ra,o 1- Goll1/:(7Goll1/:(7 D'!a-ar+a 1 ,a)a,o

a4ro<'-a,a-D'!a-ar+a 1 ,a)a,o a4ro<'-a,a-1!)1 ,1 YU ,2C2 E 1!)1 ,1 YU ,2C2 E Hl1Xaa()'R Hol)'9aRHl1Xaa()'R Hol)'9aR /or!a)aX',o7

!or-al-/or!a)aX',o7 !or-al-1!)1 )ra,:5',o +o-o ZE:7 L18a() #[&7 >l/o ,1 Hol)7 1!)1 )ra,:5',o +o-o ZE:7 L18a() #[&7 >l/o ,1 Hol)7 >5>5 o +or!o2\

III.1. Inovações on!"#$as %o &e')n#$o

Co-o -a'( '-4or)a!)1 1!]-1!o o!@)'+o ,'1r1!+'a,or ,o '!,o1:ro41: 1 ,o 1r-!'+o )1-o( a Er()1 La:)v1r(+/'18:! o: Pr'-1'ra M:)a";o

Co!(o!!)'+a #-:)a";o 1r-!'+a&7 a :al (14aro: o 1r-!'+o0+o-:- 17 +o- '((o7 )o,a( a( l=!:a( 1r-!'+a(7 ,a( ,1-a'( l=!:a( '!,o1:ro4@'a(2 C')a!,o B$NSE #W0&

T

 T 0 o+l:('va( (:r,a( #47 )7 & A 0 o+l:('va( (o!ora( #87,7& M 0 o+l:('va( a(4'ra,a( (o!ora( #8/7 ,/7 /&

a* on%e as %ea#s +,n&-as #n%oe-'o!#as oss-,a -a T "/0se no &e')n#$o -a A

Inglês

ater

tree

eart

2* on%e as %ea#s +,n&-as #n%oe-'o!#as oss-,a -a A "/0se no &e')n#$o M

Inglês

broter

+oor

$* on%e as %ea#s +,n&-as #n%oe-'o!#as oss-,a -a M "/0se no &e')n#$o -a T

Inglês

t.o

/nee

III.3. Inovações o'o0s#n"4"#$as %o &e')n#$o %esaa'e$#en"o %o %-a+5

%#s"#nç6o %os "eas e vo&a+ 0a (as$-+#nos e ne-"'os*5 0o (e#n#nos*7 0# o- 0-("o%os os &/ne'os* e "eas e $onsoan"es5

aa'e$#en"o %a +e86o o'"e e %a +e86o 'a$a %o a%9e"#vo7 $onse'va%a a"! :o9e nas +,n&-as &e')n#$as ($o e8$eç6o %o #n&+/s*.

III.3.1. ;o'as 'a$as e o'as o'"es

%* aoon#a "o'na0se - a"o' %o#nan"e %a o'o+o&#a %os ve'2os o'"es7 $ons"#"-#n%o - o'ea #n"e'no

e* $'#aç6o %a $+asse %os ve'2os 'a$os7 <-e $ons"#"-#'4 - novo "#o +e8#ona+ &e')n#$o. Esses ve'2os a'esen"a - o'ea $ons"an"e t  o- d 7 $oo #n#8o

en"'e o "ea ve'2a+ e o s-#8o n=e'o0essoa+

III.>. Inovações +e8#$a#s

III.>.1. Q-a%'o $oa'a"#vo 0s##+a'#%a%es

0E'%e L#e

ea'": +ov

IV2 DIVISÃO DO GERMÂNICO

G1r-!'+o0+o-:-^

 ___________________^_________________________  ^ ^ ^

G1r-!'+o O+',1!)al S1)1!)r'o!al Or'1!)al ^ ^

00000000000000000 Go,o0!*r,'+o

G1r-!'+o o+',1!)al 0 a!lo0(a<;o7 r=('o7 a!)'o0(a<;o #ol, 1!l'(/& 1 a!)'o0al)o0al1-;o

G1r-!'+o (1)1!)r'o!al 0 a!)'o !*r,'+o G1r-!'+o or'1!)al 0 *)'+o

V2 INTROD$ÇÃO AO EST$DO DO INGLÊS E DO ALEMÃO

I2 A l=!:a '!l1(a 1 o la)'- r1K1<o( !a )o4o!=-'a E< 0+a()1r7 0+/1()1r7 0+1()1r7 0+a()or 1 0<1)1r ` la)2 +a()r:- #a+a-4a-1!)o -'l')ar&

II2 A l=!:a al1-; 1 o la)'- r1K1<o( !a )o4o!=-'a E<2 l! 0 Colo!'a Cla:,'a Ara Ar'44'!1!('( Ma'!5 0 Moo!)'a+:- Bo!! 0 Bo!!a N1:(( 0 Nova1(':- ba!)1! 0 $l4'a Tra9a!a o8l1!5 0 Co!K:1!)1( c'1(8a,1! 0 A:a1

Ma))'a+or:- A:(8:r 0 A::()a V',1l'+or:- R11!(8:r 0 Ca()ra R1'!a Pa((a: 0 Ca()ra Ba)ava Tr'1r 0 A::()a Tr1v1ror:-2

Fa(1( 1vol:)'va( ,a l=!:a '!l1(a Fa(1( 1vol:)'va( ,a l=!:a al1-; a& Ol, E!l'(/ 0 #60 (@+7 V 0 60 UU& a& Al)/o+/,1:)(+/ 0 #60 dU 0 60 UU&

8& M',,l1 E!l'(/ 0 # UU 0 UU& 8& M'))1l/o+/,1:)(+/ # 60UU 0 60WU& +& Mo,1r! E!l'(/ 0 # UU 1- ,'a!)1& +& Fr/!1:/o+/,1:)(+/ #60WU 0 60 UU&

,& N1:/o+/,1:)(+/ #UU 1- ,'a!)1&

VI2 PRIMEIROS CONTATOS

VI22 I!la)1rra 0 ,a,o( /'()*r'+o0l'!=()'+o(

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82 Morolo'a

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A'!,a /? a( or-a( ,:4la( o<08o17 (/1140-:))o! 1 +al0v1al7 !a( :a'( o 4r'-1'ro )1r-o7 1r-!'+o7 r14r1(1!)a o a!'-al v'vo7 1!:a!)o o (1:!,o ('!'>+a a +ar!1 ,o a!'-al2 PES$ISAR OS NOMES EM ALEMÃO

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