ORIGINAL ARTICLE
NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY DURING HEAT SHOCK IN WINTER
WHEAT
Klimenko S.B., Peshkova A.A., Dorofeev N.V
Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, SD RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
Phone: (3952)424659 Fax: (3952)510754
E-mail:
dorofeev@sifibr.irk.ru
Received 18 January 2006 .
Abstract - Nitrates are the basic source of nitrogen for the majority of plants. Absorption and transformation of nitrates in plants are determined by external conditions and, first of all, temperature and light intensity. The influence of the temperature increasing till +40 0 on activity of nitrate reductase was studied. It is shown, that the rise of temperature was accompanied by sharp decrease of activity nitrate reductase in leaves of winter wheat, what, apparently, occurred for the account deactivations of enzyme and due to its dissociation.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Ш
Ц
Ш
и е
. .,
еш
. .,
р фее
. .
А
, 664033
И
,
/ 1243, .
,132,
E-mail:
dorofeev@sifibr.irk.ru
18 2006 .
.
,
, ё . И (+40 0 )
. ,
, ё
, ё .
ы : / /
,
.
ё
, .
.
, ( 100
) (Campbell, 2001).
( ) . - , . .
. Э
– ,
. (Cheng et al., 1992; Foyer et al., 1994).
.
.
. –
. К ,
(NO) (Dean, Harper, 1988; Yamasaki, Sakihama, 2000)
.
.
,
.
ё ,
(Kaiser et al., 1999).
. (Mg2+)
14-3-3 (Kaiser et al., 1999).
, , . .
(Kenjebaeva, Rakova, 1995; Garg et. al.,2001; Stoimenova et. al., 2003).
.
14-3-3 (Tucker, Ort, 2002; Yaneva et al., 2002).
.
(Triticum aestivum
L.). И
К .
12 , 20 ±2 0
ё 5000 .
,
. К
ё ,
.
60
20 ±2 0 40 ±2 0 .
ё .
7,6, 50
HEPES-К , 1 Э , 1%
0,001 .
,
1:3, 15
15 000g.
. ( )
HEPES-К 7,6, 5
Э , ( )
Э 10 MgCI2.
.
0,5 0,1
0,1 КNO3 0,1 .
0,1 0,005
2, .
5 30 0 ,
0,1 0,005 . Ч 2 - 3
0,5 1%- 1 N
l 0,5
0,02%-. Ч 10 4 . g 10
546 S 1-20 (“К rl Zeiss” ).
( ) ( )
2 . К
( . 1)
. Ч 4
70% .
(40 )
, 40
1,76 ,
2,1
. Ч 80
80 .
, ( . 2).
40%, 23%.
40
, 80
14 6
% .
, 12
.
40-41% .
(+40 0 ) 20
( . 3).
Ч 60
, 100
.
20 0C
40 .
.
75-97%
иц 1. И ( / )
, %
0 285,8±53,8 130,2±16,3 46,6
2 411,1±44,4 267,9±28,5 65,2
4 420,6±41,2 291,6±18,3 70,0
6 463,7±46,2 291,1±24,7 63,0
8 398,7±27,4 251,5±23,2 62,9
иц 2. И ( / )
, %
0 502,7±15,3 293,5±11,5 58,4
40 387,0±8,6 172,6±7,0 44,6
80 353,4±8,0 158,5±7,2 44,8
120 341,1±6,3 141,9±7,5 41,5
160 323,4±9,6 131,9±2,7 40,9
200 314,6±15,3 142,8±8,8 45,3
280 315,3±4,0 137,4±1,9 43,6
иц 3. ( / )
+ 40 0
%
12 t = 20 0C 0 258±20 108±9 42
60 t = 20 0C 60 466±29 252±14 54
100 20 t = 40 0C 20 353±15 148±8 42
140 60 t = 40 0C 60 370±40 153±28 44
180 100 t = 40 0C 100 415±4 174±9 46
220 40 t = 20 0C 40 452±28 235±14 52
220 80 t = 20 0C 80 451±10 239±4 53
(Wallace, 1986; , 1992).
. 2
1,5 .
,
.
2 .
46,6% ( )
70% (4 ).
И
-, .
2 73%
, 2
56%, 88 35%
(Kandlbinder et al., 2000).
И ,
– 5-10 (Kaiser et al., 1999).
(40
) , ( )
( ) 40
.
,
.
40
. ,
.
И ,
40 .
, ,
.
, .
К ,
( . 1 2). ,
ё
- , ё
, ё
-, ё
( ).
(Tucker et al., 2004).
,
-
( , 1986; И , 1986).
К ,
.
40 0
(Law, Crafts-Brandner, 1999).
( ,
.),
.
, ё
(+40 0 ),
( . 3.).
.
ё 20
12 .
42-44% .
20
,
. ,
.
, (+40 0 )
( )
( ).
.
ё
,
.
.
. . (1986) . .:
, 199 .
И . . (1986)
. .: , 319 . . . (1992)
// , 39,
111-118.
Campbell W.H. (2001) Structure and function of eukaryotic NAD(P)H:nitrate reductase // CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 58, 194–204. Cheng C.L., Acedo G.N., Cristinsin M., Conkling
induction of Arabidopsis nitrate reductase gene transcription // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 89(5), 1861-1864.
Dean J.V., Harper J.E. (1988) The conversion of nitrite to nitrogen oxide(s) by the constitutive NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase enzyme from soybean // Plant Physiology, 88, 389-395. Foyer C.H., Lescure J.C., Lefebvre C., Morot-Gaudry
J.F., Vincentz M., Vaucheret H. (1994) Adaptations of Photosynthetic Electron Transport, Carbon Assimilation, and Carbon Partitioning in Transgenic Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Plants to Changes in Nitrate Reductase Activity // Plant Physiology, 104, 171-178.
Garg B.K., Kathju S., Burman U. (2001) Influence of water stress on water relations, photosynthetic parameters and nitrogen metabolism of moth bean genotypes // Biologia Plantarum, 44(20), 289-292.
Jones T.L., Tucker D.E., Ort D.R. (1998) Chilling Delays Circadian Pattern of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Tomato // Plant Physiol., 118, 149-158.
Kaiser W.M., Weiner H., Huber S.C. (1999) Nitrate reductase in higher plants: A case study for transduction of environmental stimuli into control of catalytic activity // Physiologia Plantarum., 105, 385-390.
Kaiser W.M, Huber S.C. (2001) Post-translational regulation of nitrate reductase: mechanism, physiological relevance and environmental triggers // J. Exp. Bot., 52, 1981-1989.
Kandlbinder A, Weiner H, Kaiser W.M. (2000) Nitrate reductases from leaves of Ricinus (Ricinus communis L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) have different regulatory properties // Journal of Experimental Botany, 51(347), 1099-1105.
Kenjebaeva S., Rakova N. (1995) Multiple forms of nitrate reductase and their role in nitrate assimilation in roots of wheat at low temperature or high salinity // Physiologia Plantarum, 93, 249-252.
Law R.D., Crafts-Brandner S.J. (1999) Inhibition and acclimation of photosynthesis to heat stress is closely correlated with activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase // Plant Physiology, 120, 173 181.
Stoimenova M., Lidourel I.G.L., Ratcliffe R.G., Kaiser W.M. (2003) The role of nitrate reduction in the anoxic metabolism of roots II. Anoxic metabolism of tobacco roots with or without nitrate reductase activity // Plant and Soil, 253, 155-167.
Tucker D.E., Ort D.R. (2002) Low temperature induces expression of nitrate reductase in tomato that temporarily overrides circadian regulation of activity // Photosynthesis Research, 72, 285–293.
Tucker D.E. Allen D.J., Ort D.R. (2004) Control of nitrate reductase by circadian and diurnal rhythms in tomato // Planta, 219, 277–285. Wallace W. (1986) Distribution of nitrate
assimilation between the root and shoot of legumes and a comparison with wheat // Physiologia Plantarum, 66, 630-636.
Yamasaki H., Sakihama Y. (2000) Simultaneous production of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite by plant nitrate reductase: in vitro evidence for the NR-dependent formation of active nitrogen species // FEBS Letters, 468, 89-92.