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654

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 44(5):654, set-out, 2011

1. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS. 2. Serviço de Neurocirurgia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS. 3. Serviço de Radiologia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS.

Address to: Dr. Giordano Rafael Tronco Alves. Deptº de Clínica Médica/CCS/UFSM.

Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Phone: 55 55 3220-8508

e-mail: grtalves@gmail.com

Received in 28/07/2011

Accepted in 09/08/2011

Images in Infectious Diseases/Imagens em DIP

REFERENCES

1. Pedroso VS, Vilela MC, Pedroso ER, Teixeira AL. Paracoccidioidomycosis compromising the central nervous system: a systematic review of the literature. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2009; 42:691-697.

2. Santos VM, Xavier RM, Cortes JA, Osterne EM, Lopes MWF. Pseudotumoral neuroparacoccidioidomycosis: One Case Report. Mycopathologia 2008; 166:155-158.

3. Gaspareto EL, Liu CB, Carvalho NA, Rogacheski E. Central nervous system paracoccidioidomycosis: imaging indings in 17 cases. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2003; 27:12-17.

Neuroparacoccidioidomycosis

Neuroparacoccidioidomicose

Giordano Rafael Tronco Alves

1

, Jorge Derly Lauda Filho

2

and Carlos Jesus Pereira Haygert

3

A 36-year-old immunocompetent woman presented with a headache that had lasted continuously over 2 months and that had worsened during the past few hours. he pain was frontotemporal and there were no irradiative or pulsatile characters. At physical examination, no focal neurological signs were noted. Computed tomography (CT) of the head revealed an expansive let cerebellar mass, peripheral contrast-enhanced, surrounded by edema (Figure A: black arrow). A thoracic CT performed before surgery showed multiple areas of ground-glass pattern with associated peribronchovascular interstitial thickening (Figure B: white arrows). Post-surgical cerebellar histological analysis revealed a granulomatous lesion. Culture indicated Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (P. brasiliensis) infection. he patient responded well to amphotericin B therapy, and subsequent follow-ups were uneventful. Paracoccidioidomycosis is one of the most prevalent mycoses endemic to Latin America, affecting more men than women at a ratio of 11:1. Evidence suggests that up to 30% of cases may have central nervous system involvement, presenting with meningitis, abscesses or pseudotumoral manifestations usually concomitant with pulmonary P. brasiliensis infection. Typically, infratentorial structures are less afected. he facts that the patient was female and that the lesion was cerebellar made this case challenging; however, thoracic CT findings, in virtue of the epidemiological background, suggested P. brasiliensis infection, which was conirmed ater craniotomy. Amphotercin B and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are the most frequently applied therapeutics in cases of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis, although each case should be considered on an individual basis.

Uma mulher imunocompetente de 36 anos apresentou-se com queixa de cefaléia contínua há 2 meses, com piora nas últimas horas. A dor tinha localização frontotemporal e não apresentava caráter irradiativo ou pulsátil. Ao exame físico, nenhum sinal neurológico focal fora evidenciado. A tomograia computadorizada (TC) do crânio revelou massa cerebelar expansiva à esquerda, com realce periférico pelo meio de contraste e com edema cerebral circunjacente (Figura A: seta preta). Uma TC torácica realizada antes da cirurgia mostrou múltiplas áreas de padrão em vidro-fosco, com espessamento do interstício peribroncovascular associado (Figura B: setas brancas). A análise histológica cerebelar pós-cirúrgica revelou uma lesão granulomatosa. A cultura indicou infecção por Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (P. brasiliensis). A paciente respondeu bem à terapia com anfotericina B, sendo os acompanhamentos subsequentes desprovidos de novos eventos. A paracoccidioidomicose é uma das micoses endêmicas mais prevalentes da América Latina, afetando mais homens do que mulheres, em uma razão de 11:1. Há evidências de que até 30% dos casos possuam envolvimento do sistema nervoso central, apresentando-se sob as formas de meningite, abscessos ou pseudotumoral, geralmente concomitante com a paracoccidioidomicose pulmonar. Tipicamente, estruturas infratentoriais são menos afetadas. Os fatos de a paciente ser do sexo feminino e de a lesão ser cerebelar tornaram este caso desaiador; no entanto, os achados tomográicos pulmonares, em virtude da história e dos dados epidemiológicos, sugeriram infecção pelo P. brasiliensis, que foi confirmada após a craniotomia. As terapêuticas mais frequentemente aplicadas em casos de neuroparacoccidioidomicose incluem anfotericina B e sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima, embora cada caso deva ser considerado individualmente.

A

B

Referências

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