Description of a new species of Psathyromyia Barreto (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from Amazonas state, Brazil

RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia59(2015)205–209

ww w . r b e n t o m o l o g i a . c o m

REVISTA

BRASILEIRA

DE

Entomologia

Systematics,

Morphology

and

Biogeography

Description

of

a

new

species

of

Psathyromyia

Barreto

(Diptera,

Psychodidae,

Phlebotominae)

from

Amazonas

state,

Brazil

Veracilda

Ribeiro

Alves

_,

_Rui

_Alves

_de

_Freitas

a_{Coordenac¸ãodeBiodiversidade,Colec¸ãodeInvertebrados,InstitutoNacionaldePesquisasdaAmazônia,Manaus,AM,Brazil}

b_{Coordenac¸ãodeSociedade,AmbienteeSaúde,InstitutoNacionaldePesquisasdaAmazônia,Manaus,AM,Brazil}

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r

t

i

c

l

e

i

n

f

o

Articlehistory:

Received4December2014

Accepted26May2015

Availableonline18July2015

AssociateEditor:MariaAniceM.Sallum

Keywords: Morphologicalcharacters Newspecies Sandfly Taxonomy

a

b

s

t

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c

t

Anewspeciesofphlebotominesandflyisdescribedandillustratedbasedonthemaleandfemale morphologicalcharactersofspecimenscollectedfromTeféandCoarimunicipalities,Amazonasstate. Thephlebotominesand flieswerecollectedwithCDC lighttraps usedasaspiratorsatthebaseof treetrunks.BothmaleandfemalespecimenscollectedinTefémunicipalitywerefirstidentifiedas Psathyromyiasouzacastroi.AftertheanalysisoftheholotypeofPa.souzacastroidepositedin Smithson-ianInstitute/WalterReedBiosystematicsUnit,itwasobservedthatthemorphotypescollectedinTefé municipalitybelongtoadistinctspecies,whichcharacterizationisherepresented.

©2015SociedadeBrasileiradeEntomologia.PublishedbyElsevierEditoraLtda.Thisisanopen accessarticleundertheCCBY-NC-NDlicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Introduction

PsathyromyiaBarretto,1962wasproposedassubgenusofthe genusLutzomyiaFranc¸a, 1924andis currentlytreatedasgenus (Galati,1995,2003).Thisgenuscomprisesatotalof39species dis-tributedinthreesubgenera,ForattiniellaVargas,1978,Xiphomyia Artemiev,1991andPsathyromyiasensustricto,thelatter compris-ing20speciesincludedtwospecies’series(laneiandshannoni) (Galati,2003).ThespeciesofthesubgenusPsathyromyiaare charac-terizedbytheabsenceofpapillaeontheX–XIflagellomeres,ascoids withaposteriorspur;absentofstrongsetaeimplantedinthe api-calregionofmales’gonocoxiteandfemalewithVpalpalsegment longerthan theIII (Galati, 2003).The lanei seriesis character-izedbypresentingrudimentaryposteriorprolongationofascoids, malepresentstheinternalspineimplantedbeyondthemiddleon gonostylus,femalespresentthebodyofspermathecaeringedand havetheindividualductsslenderandlongestthanspeciesfrom shannoniseries.Inthespeciesoftheshannoniseriestheposterior extensionoftheascoidsislong;malepresentstheinternalspineof thegonostylusimplantedinthemiddleorbeforethis;infemalethe spermathecaebodyissmoothorsegmentedwiththecommonduct usuallylongerthanorequaltotheindividualduct(Galati,2003).

Psathyromyiasouzacastroi(DamascenoandCausey,1944)was describedbasedintwomalescollectedinSãoPaulodeOlivenc¸a

∗ Correspondingauthor.

E-mail:verabioufmt@yahoo.com.br(V.R.Alves).

municipality,Amazonasstate,Brazil.Subsequently,thespecieswas recordedinTefémunicipality,stateofAmazonasbyBarrettetal. (1996)whodescribedapresumablyfemaleofthisspeciesandsome charactersofthemaleterminalia.Theseauthorsreported differ-encessomemalecharacters,howevertheywereconsideredjust asvariationswithinasinglemorphospecies.Thepurposeofthe presentpaperistodescribeanewspeciesfromAmazonasstate, Brazil.

Materialandmethods

The specimens were captured in tall primary “terra–firme” lowland rainforest at 03◦4042S, 64◦2130W in Tefé munic-ipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. Other specimens were col-lected in tall primary “terra-firme” lowland rainforest at 04◦5527S/64◦1936.9W in Operational Geólogo Pedro de Moura’sBase(04◦537.33S;65◦2059.99W)locatedinUrucuOil Province, Coari municipality,Amazonas state, Brazil. The phle-botominesandflieswerecapturedusingCDCtrapsasaspirator duringthedayonbaseoftreetrunkinNovember1991inTefé municipality(Barrettetal., 1996)and inOctober/2011in Coari municipalitybyDr.W.P.Tadeifieldworkteam.

The female measurements follow Barrett et al. (1996) and inthepresentpaperonlypicturesarepresented.Morphological structureshavebeencomparedwiththeholotypeofPa. souzacas-troidepositedinSmithsonianInstitute/WalterReedBiosystematic Unit,Suitland, MD,UnitedStates. TheparatypeofPa. souzacas-troidescribed byDamascenoand Causey(1944)wasnot found

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.07.005

0085-5626/© 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

Figs.1–3.Psathyromyiabarrettisp.nov.1,Head,holotype,male.2,Head,paratype,female.3,Pharynxandcibarium,paratype,female.Bar=100␮m.

Figs.4–17.Psathyromyiabarrettisp.nov.4,FlagellomereI;5,FlagellomereII.6,FlagellomereIII.7,FlagellomereXI.8,FlagellomereXII.9,FlagellomereXIII.10,Flagellomere

XIV,holotype,male.11,IIIpalpussegment,holotype,male.12,FlagellomereII.13,FlagellomereIII,paratype,male.14,FlagellomereI.15,FlagellomereII.16,Flagellomere

V.R.Alves,R.A.deFreitas/RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia59(2015)205–209 207

intheEntomologicalCollectionoftheInstitutoOswaldoCruz,Rio deJaneiro,Brazilasmentioned asdepositsite (Damascenoand Causey, 1944).The classification adopted followsGalati (2003)

and theabbreviation of the genusnamesis that of Marcondes (2007).TerminologyfollowsCummingandWood(2009)exceptfor somespecificterminologyofPhlebotominaeasdescribedbyGalati (2003).AllspecimenswerepreparedinKOH,aceticacid,alcohol andphenol.Measurementsaregiveninmicrometersforthe holo-typewithmeanandnumberofspecimensmeasuredinbrackets fortheparatypes.

Taxonomy

Psathyromyia(Psathyromyia)barrettisp.nov.(Figs.1–24)

Description.Male(holotype):generalcolorlightbrown.Body length(thorax+abdomen)2234(2201;n=19).

Head (Fig. 1): height from vertex to tip of clypeus 329.1 (337.3;n=19)long,329.1(343;n=19)width;eye:length227.8 (227.8;n=19), width126.6 (138.1;n=19),interocular distance 82.3(84.8;n=19),15.8facetdiameters (15.1;n=19); interocu-lar sutureincomplete.Clypeus length63.3(88.1; n=19),width 82.3(67.3;n=19);cibarialarchcomplete.Antenna:flagellomere lengths: I 303(268.4; n=19), II 133.3 (126.8; n=19), III130.3 (125.5;n=19),XIII66.7(63;n=8),XIV54.5(52.3;n=8);ascoids visibleonflagellomeresI–XII;posteriorspurdoesnotreachthe baseoftheflagellomere,exceptinflagellomereI(Figs.4–6and

12–13); flagellomere I withthe ascoids implanted on the api-cal third of the segment with their apices slightly before the papilla(Fig.4);one papillaimplantedapically onflagellomeres I–III(Figs.4–6and12–13);antennalformula:flagellomeresI–XII 2 and XIII–XIV 0.Palpus segmentslength: I42.4(42.9; n=19), II90.9(98.4;n=19),III109(110.1;n=17),IV48.5(54.2;n=17), V160.6(167.9;n=15);palpalformula:1.4.2.3.5;Newstead’s sen-sillae(Newstead’sspines)locatedintheapicaltwo-thirdoftheIII palpussegment(Fig.11).Labrum-epipharynx206.1(203.8;n=19). Pharynx unarmed, finely striated posterior two-third. Labrum: labialsuturesunited(Figs.1and2).

Thorax:ventro-cervicalsensillaabsent;pre-escutum,scutum, pronotum,paratergite,apexofscutellumcontrastsstronglywith pleuraandcoxaewithoutsclerotization.Length500(497.8;n=19); pleurawith12(8–12;n=19)anepisternalsuperiorsetae;2(2–4; n=19) proepimeral setae; setae on the anterior margin of the katepisternum is absent. Wing (Fig. 18): 1830 (2010; n=18) long,526(570.5;n=18)wide;length/widthratio3.5:1.0;veins R5 1186 (1171; n=9); alpha 463.6 (474.2; n=14); beta 250.6 (265.3; n=14); gamma 125.3 (151; n=13); delta 162.9 (197.7; n=14); pi 98.9 (102; n=9). Length of femora, tibiae, basitarsi, andtarsomeresII+III+IV+V:foreleg852.1(929.2;n=14),1,429 (1,423; n=14), 1,045 (1,006.1; n=13), 904 (854; n=13); mid-leg(888.4;n=10),(1799.4;n=10),(1152;n=10),(965.4;n=10); hindleg (874.3; n=10), (1745; n=11), (1126.1; n=11), (919.8; n=8).

Abdomen:1,734(1867;n=19)long.Terminalia(Fig.21): gono-coxite 348.1(338.4; n=19) long; 63.3(70.3; 63.3–85.4;n=19) wide;withoutatuftofsetae.Gonostylus177.2(173.6;n=19)long; withfourspines:anapical,theupperexternalpreapical,thelower externalandtheinternal,inthemiddleofthestructure,atthesame level.Paramereissimple,digitiform,length221.5(219.2;n=19), narrowingabruptlyinitsdistalhalfalongtheventralmargin;distal halfwithfinesetae,asshown.Conicalaedeagusshortandtruncate atapex.Epandriallobesubcylindrical(=laterallobe),253.2(266.2; n=19)long.Spermpump196.2(187.2;n=19);ejaculatoryducts length398.8(407.4;n=19),or2.0(2.2;n=19)timesthelengthof thespermpump(Fig.22).

Figs.18–19.Psathyromyiabarrettisp.nov.18,Wing,holotype,male.19,Wing,

paratype,female.Bar=100␮m.

Female (Figs. 2–3, 14–17, and 20): Two specimens are as describedby Barrettet al.(1996),withthefollowingadditional observations.Eye:length215.2,width145.6;clypeuslength101.3, width82.3;Newstead’ssensillaelocatedintheapicaltwo-third oftheIIIpalpussegment(Fig.17).Labrum-epipharynx(LE)243.5. Posteriorthirdofthepharynxisarmedwithabout20transverse combsofminuteteeth.Lengthofwingveinsections:R51,158.2;pi 84.7.

Typematerial:Twentymaleandtwofemalespecimenswere examined.Holotype,twelvemaleandtwofemaleparatypesfrom Brazil,stateofAmazonas,Tefémunicipality,treetrunks,Barrett andSantos(cols.)on4and6/ix/91.SevenmalescapturedinCoari municipality,Amazonasstate,Brazilon16/x/2011,treetrunks,W. P.Tadeifieldworkteam(cols.).

Thetype materialwillbedepositedin thefollowing institu-tions:Colec¸ãodeInvertebradosdoInstitutoNacionaldePesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus (Holotype, 13 male paratypes and two femaleparatypes),Colec¸ãodeFlebotomíneos/CentrodePesquisas RenéRachou,BeloHorizonte/MG(fourmaleparatypes)and Ento-mological Collection of the Smithsonian Institute/Walter Reed BiossystematicUnit,Suitland,MD/EUA(twomaleparatypes).

Etymology:ThisspeciesisnamedtoDr.TobyVincentBarrettfor hiscontributionstomedicalentomologyintheAmazonregion. Taxonomicdiscussion

ThemalesandfemalesspecimenscapturedinTefémunicipality, AmazonasstatewerepreviouslyidentifiedasPa.souzacastroiby

Barrettetal.(1996).However,aftercheckingthemorphological structuresoftheholotypeofPa.souzacastroi,itwasobservedtobe adistinctspecies.

Psathyromyiabarrettisp.nov.wasincludedinPsathyromyiafor havingthefollowingcharacteristicofthegenuscitedbyBarretto (1962) and adopted by Galati (2003): the form of the ascoids bigeniculate with apparent posterior spur, the palpal formula, gonocoxitewithouttuftofsetae,gonostyluswithfourspinesand thesimpleparamereofthemaleareofthegenus(Barretto,1962). ItwasallocatedinsubgenusPsathyromyias.str.whichis charac-terizedbytheabsenceofpapillaeonX–XIflagellomeres,malewith

Figs.20–24.Psathyromyiabarrettisp.nov.20,Spermathecaeandgenitalfork,paratype,female.21,Terminalia,holotype,male.22,Spermpumpandejaculatoryducts,

holotype.23,Terminalia,anomalousparatype,male.Psathyromyiasouzacastroi.24,Terminalia,holotype,male.Bar=100␮m.Photo:Stoffer,J.

gonocoxitewithoutstrongsetaeimplantedintheapicalregionand femalewiththeVpalpalsegmentlongerthantheIII(Galati,2003). Thenewspecieshasbeenincludedinshannoniseriesbecauseit presentsascoidswithlongposteriorextension,thatalmostreaches thebaseoftheflagellomeresII–XIIinfemales(Figs.5–6and12–13,

15–16);bythepositionoftheinternalspineimplantedinthe mid-dleofgonostylus(Figs.21and23).

Regardingtheothersspeciesofthegenus,Psathyromyiabarretti

sp.nov.canbeeasilydistinguished.Themalehastheaedeagus truncated(Fig.21),compatiblewiththewidthoftheapexoftheir ejaculatoryducts,andinPa.souzacastroi,itisnarrow.Thetipofthe ejaculatoryductsinPa.barrettisp.nov.istruncated(Fig.22),while inPa.souzacastroiisslender.Inthenewspeciestheejaculatory

ductsareshorter than2.5timesthelengthofthespermpump (Fig. 22), whereas in Pa. souzacastroi, this ratiois ca. 3.0 times (Fig.24).InPsathyromyiacuzquena(Martinsetal.,1975)malehas theejaculatoryductsca.2.0timesthelengthofthespermpump, butthetipoftheejaculatoryductsisslender,slightlydilatedand curved(Martinsetal.,1975).Thenewspecieshasparamerewith aflatapicalanddorsalareaandimplantationofshortsetae,while theparamereofPa.souzacastroiisontheapicalhalfandisalmost cylindricalinshapeandcoveredwithsmallsetaewhicharelarger inthedorsalregion(Fig.24).Theinternalspineinboththespecies Pa.barrettisp.n.andPa.souzacastroiisimplantedinthemiddleof gonostylusbutdiffersinrelationtothepositionoftheupperand lowerexternalspines.Thelowerexternalandinternalspineson

V.R.Alves,R.A.deFreitas/RevistaBrasileiradeEntomologia59(2015)205–209 209

thegonostylusofPa.barrettisp.nov.arepracticallyatthesame levelofimplantation,whileinPa.souzacastroithelowerexternal spineismoreapicalthantheinternal.InPa.cuzquenatheinternal spineofgonostylusisimplantedbeforetheapicalthird(Martinset al.,1975).

In a male specimen collected in Tefé municipality, it was observedthatthegonostylushasfivespines,threeofwhichare external spines and hence, we concluded that this additional spineis a morphological anomaly(Fig. 23).Anomalies in phle-botominearerelativelycommonoccurrenceinsomespecimens. Usually,theseanomaliesoccurmostlyinthemaleterminaliaand maybeunilateralorbilateral, withdifferentnumbers ofspines ingonostylus,withdifferentnumbersofsetaein gonocoxiteor paramere (Marcondes, 1999;Ximenes etal., 2002; Costaet al., 2012;Sanguinetteet al.,2013).Theseanomaliesmayaffectthe systematicsofthegroupbecause,whenspeciesaredescribedfrom specimensbasedonananomalouscharacter,thespecific charac-terdoesnotrepresenttheactualconditionofthegroupstructure (Andrade-Filhoetal.,2004).

ThefemaleofPa.barrettisp.nov.canbedistinguishedfrom otherspeciesofPsathyromyiawhichhasascoidswithlongposterior extensionandsmooth-walledspermathecaewithbanana-shaped body:Pa. shannoni(Dyar,1929),Pa.abonnenc(Flochand Chass-ingnet,1947),Pa.limai(Fonseca,1935)[seniorsynonymousofPa. pestanai(BarrettoandCoutinho,1941)(Sabioetal.,2014)],Pa. den-drophyla(Mangabeira,1941)andPa.scaffi(DamascenoandArouck, 1956),becauseinthenewspeciestheterminalknobisrelatively largerthanthatoftheotherspeciesandtheindividualductsare almostwideasthebody (Fig.20)whiletheyaredistinctly nar-rowerthanthebodyintheotherspecies.Further,thenewspecies haspalepleura,whilePa.dendrophyla,andPa.scaffihave parater-giteandabrownanepisternumandkatepisternum.Theformofthe spermathecae,individualandcommonductsandthecharactersof theterminaliaofthemaleclearlydistinguishPa.barrettisp.nov.

fromtheothersPsathyromyia(Pa.)species.

Conflictsofinterest

Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictsofinterest.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank: the coordinator of the Project “Rede CTPetro Amazônia: Estudos em Vetores de Doenc¸as Tropicais–Malária,Leishmaniose,ChagaseEscorpiõesdeInteresse

Médico,noÂmbitodasÁreasdeExplorac¸ãodePetróleo/AM”, Wan-derliPedroTadei,andhisteam,forprovidingthesandfliesand PalomaH.F.ShimabukuroandAhanaMaítraforrevisingand com-mentingonversionsofthismanuscriptandL.M.Ruedabyallowing thevisit toCollection oftheSmithsonian Institute/WalterReed BiosystematicUnit,EUAandthephotoofPs.souzacastroisentto VRA.

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