• Nenhum resultado encontrado

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag. vol.4 número1

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2018

Share "J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag. vol.4 número1"

Copied!
8
0
0

Texto

(1)

Indoor Radar Cross Section Measurements of Simple Targets

Marcelo Alexandre Souza Miacci1, Evandro Luís Nohara2, Inácio Malmonge Martin2, Guilherme  Gomes Peixoto3, Mirabel Cerqueira Rezende3,*

,QVWLWXWR7HFQROyJLFRGH$HURQiXWLFD6mR-RVpGRV&DPSRV63%UD]LO 8QLYHUVLGDGHGH7DXEDWp7DXEDWp63%UD]LO

3,QVWLWXWRGH$HURQiXWLFDH(VSDoR6mR-RVpGRV&DPSRV63%UD]LO

Abstract:7KLVSDSHUKDVGHVFULEHGWKHUDGDUDEVRUELQJPDWHULDOVFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQDQGUDGDUFURVVVHFWLRQPHDVXUHPHQWV LQWKHIUHTXHQF\UDQJHRIWR*+]XVLQJDYHU\VLPSOHVHWXS6LPSOHWDUJHWVOLNHVSKHUHF\OLQGHUÀDWSODWHDQGGLKHGUDO FRUQHUZHUHFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\PHDVXULQJWKHEDFNVFDWWHUHGUDGLDWLRQSDWWHUQVZKHQWKHVHWDUJHWVZHUHLOOXPLQDWHGE\ PRQRVWDWLFPLFURZDYHUDGLDWLRQ0HDVXUHPHQWVZHUHFDUULHGRXWLQVLGHDQDQHFKRLFFKDPEHU[[P). Typical radar  FURVVVHFWLRQSDWWHUQVZHUHREWDLQHGLQGLIIHUHQWDVSHFWDQJOHVE\URWDWLQJWKHWDUJHWVDURXQGWKHLUYHUWLFDOD[HV7KH measured values and the theoretical previsions for each metallic target showed that the used setup guarantees a good  SUHFLVLRQRIWKHREWDLQHGGDWD%\UHFRYHULQJRQHRIWKHWDUJHWVDF\OLQGHUZLWKDVSHFL¿FUDGDUDEVRUELQJPDWHULDO GHYHORSHGDW0DWHULDOV'LYLVLRQRIWKH%UD]LOLDQ$HURQDXWLFVDQG6SDFH,QVWLWXWHLWZDVSRVVLEOHWRFRPSDUHWKHREWDLQHG SDWWHUQVDQGWRGLVFXVVWKHLQÀXHQFHRIUDGDUDEVRUELQJPDWHULDOVRQWKHREVHUYHGUDGDUFURVVVHFWLRQUHGXFWLRQ SDWWHUQV7KHXVHGPHWKRGRORJ\VKRZHGWREHXVHIXOIRUDWWHQGLQJDHURQDXWLFDODQGWHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQDSSOLFDWLRQV

Keywords:5DGDU&URVV6HFWLRQ5DGDU$EVRUELQJ0DWHULDOV0LFURZDYH0HDVXUHPHQWV

INTRODUCTION 

5DGDU FURVV VHFWLRQ 5&6 LV WKH HTXLYDOHQW HIIHFWLYH DUHDRIDWDUJHWZKHQLWLVLPSLQJHGE\DUDGDUZDYH,QRWKHU ZRUGVWKH5&6PHDVXUHVWKHWDUJHWDELOLW\WRUHÀHFWUDGDU VLJQDOVLPSLQJHGRQLWLQWRWKHUDGDUUHFHLYHU5DGLR'HWHFWLRQ DQG5DQJLQJ5DGDUV\VWHPVZHUHGHYHORSHGLQWKHV PDLQO\ WR DWWHQG PLOLWDU\ SXUSRVHV 6NROQLN 5DGDU LVDQDFWLYHUHPRWHV\VWHPWKDWKDVLWVRZQVRXUFHRIHQHUJ\ WRSURGXFHLPDJHV7KXVLWGRHVQRWUHTXLUHVXQOLJKWDVWKH RSWLFDOV\VWHPVDQGGDWDFDQEHDFTXLUHGHLWKHUE\GD\RUE\ QLJKW)XUWKHUPRUHGXHWRWKHVSHFL¿FZDYHOHQJWKRIUDGDU PLFURZDYHVSHFWUXPFORXGFRYHURUVPRJFDQEHSHQHWUDWLQJ E\WKLVUDGLDWLRQZLWKRXWDQ\HIIHFWRQWKHLPDJHU\

5DGDULVEDVHGRQWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQDQGUHFHSWLRQRISXOVHV LQDQDUURZEHDP,QWKLVSDSHUWKLVIUHTXHQF\UDQJHLQYROYHG FHQWLPHWHU OHQJWK RI WKH HOHFWURPDJQHWLF VSHFWUXP 7KH UHWXUQLQJHFKRHVZHUHWKHQUHFRUGHGWDNLQJLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQ WKHLU SRZHU WLPH LQWHUYDO DQG ZDYH SKDVHV 7KH UHFHLYHG SRZHUE\WKHDQWHQQDIURPWKHWUDQVPLWWHGUDGDUSXOVHZDV ___________________

5HFHLYHG$FFHSWHG

DXWKRUIRUFRUUHVSRQGHQFHPLUDEHOPFU#LDHFWDEU3o0DO(GXDUGR *RPHV&(36mR-RVpGRV&DPSRV63%UD]LO

GLUHFWO\ FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH SK\VLFDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH WDUJHW WKURXJK WKH EDFNVFDWWHULQJ FRHI¿FLHQW 7KH YDOXH RI WKLV EDFNVFDWWHULQJ FRHI¿FLHQW LV EDVLFDOO\ GHSHQGHQW RQ WKUHHIDFWRUVWKHWDUJHWVXUIDFHURXJKQHVVWKHWDUJHWPDWHULDO FRPSRVLWLRQHOHFWULFDODQGRUPDJQHWLFSURSHUWLHVDQGWKH ZDYHOHQJWKRIWKHUDGDU

7KH5&6RIDWDUJHWFDQEHYLHZHGDVDFRPSDULVRQRI WKHUHÀHFWHGVLJQDOSRZHUIURPLWWRWKHUHÀHFWHGRQHIURP DSHUIHFWO\VPRRWKVSKHUHZLWKDFURVVVHFWLRQDUHDRIP 7KHFRQFHSWXDOGH¿QLWLRQRI5&6LQFOXGHVWKHIDFWWKDWRQO\ RQHSDUWRIWKHUDGLDWHGHQHUJ\UHDFKHVWKHWDUJHW7KH5&6 RIDWDUJHWıLVPRVWHDVLO\YLVXDOL]HGDVWKHSURGXFWRIWKUHH SDUDPHWHUV.QRWWet al

ı 3URMHFWHGFURVVVHFWLRQ[UHÀHFWLYLW\[GLUHFWLYLW\  

  The RCS (ıLVXVHGLQWKHUDQJHUDGDUHTXDWLRQUHSUHVHQWLQJ H[DFWO\WKHUHUDGLDWHGVFDWWHUHGSRZHUIURPWKHWDUJHW(T WKDWLV+DUWPDQDQG%HUOHNDPS.QRWWet al               

-$HURVS7HFKQRO0DQDJ6mR-RVpGRV&DPSRV9RO1RSS-DQ0DU

Pr

R Pt G

4 4

3 2 2

r m

v =

(2)

ZKHUH

RGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQUDGDUDQGWDUJHWP PtUDGDUWUDQVPLWWHGSRZHU:

PrUDGDUUHFHLYHGSRZHU: *DQWHQQDJDLQ

ȜZDYHOHQJWKP

7KH UHÀHFWLYLW\ LV GH¿QHG DV WKH LQWHUFHSWHG UDGLDWHG VFDWWHUHGSRZHUE\WKHWDUJHW7KHGLUHFWLYLW\LVJLYHQE\ WKHUDWLRRIWKHEDFNVFDWWHUHGSRZHULQWRWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKH UDGDUWRWKHSRZHUZKLFKZRXOGKDYHEHHQEDFNVFDWWHUHG FRQVLGHULQJ D XQLIRUP VFDWWHULQJ LQ DOO GLUHFWLRQV LVRWURSLF7KHVSKHUHLVWKHXQLTXHWDUJHWWKDWWKH5&6LV LQGHSHQGHQW RI WKH IUHTXHQF\ LI RSHUDWLQJ DW VXI¿FLHQWO\ KLJKIUHTXHQF\ZKHUHȜUDQJHDQGDOVRȜWDUJHWUDGLXV (R([SHULPHQWDOO\WKHUDGDUUHWXUQUHÀHFWHGIURPDWDUJHW LVFRPSDUHGWRWKHRQHUHÀHFWHGIURPDVSKHUHZKLFKKDVD IURQWDORUSURMHFWHGDUHDRIRQHVTXDUHPHWHULHDGLDPHWHU RI P .QRWWet  al ,Q JHQHUDO WKH 5&6 RI D VSKHUH LV WDNHQ DV D UHIHUHQFH YDOXH ,I FDOLEUDWHG RWKHU WDUJHWV OLNH F\OLQGHUV IODW SODWHV FRUQHU UHIOHFWRUV DQG /XQHEHUJ OHQV FDQ DOVR EH XVHG IRU FRPSDUDWLYH 5&6PHDVXUHPHQWV

&RQVLGHULQJ WKH 5&6 UHGXFWLRQ WKHVH WDUJHWV FDQ EH UHFRYHUHGXVLQJOD\HUVRIUDGDUDEVRUELQJPDWHULDOV5$0 7KH\FDQEHFODVVL¿HGLQWZREURDGFDWHJRULHVGLHOHFWULFDQG PDJQHWLFDEVRUEHUV5H]HQGHet al.-RKQVRQ/HH 'LHOHFWULFDEVRUEHUVGHSHQGRQWKHRKPLFORVVRIWKH

HQHUJ\WKDWFDQEHDFKLHYHGE\ORDGLQJORVV\¿OOHUVVXFKDV FDUERQ EODFN JUDSKLWH FRQGXFWLQJ SRO\PHUV DQG PHWDOOLF SDUWLFOHV)DH]et  al)DH]et  al)ROJXHUDVet  al%LVFDURet  al.,)ROJXHLUDVet  al7KH PROHFXOHVLQWKLVNLQGRIORVV\PDWHULDODUHHVVHQWLDOO\VPDOO GLSROHVWKDWWU\WRRULHQWWKHPVHOYHVDORQJWKHLQFLGHQW¿HOG ,IWKH¿HOGFKDQJHVWRRIDVWRULIWKHGLSROHVODJWKHLPSUHVVHG ¿HOGYDULDWLRQVWKHPDWHULDODEVRUEVWKHLQFLGHQWUDGLDWLRQ .QRWWHWDO0DJQHWLFDEVRUEHUVGHSHQGRQPDJQHWLF ORVVHVZKLFKDUHREWDLQHGZKHQPDJQHWLFSDUWLFOHVOLNHIHUULWHV DQGFDUERQ\OLURQDUH¿OOHGLQWRDSRO\PHULFPDWUL[*DPD

DQG5H]HQGH*DPDet  al6LOYDet  al

)LJXUHVKRZVWKHFDOFXODWHG5&6YDOXHVRIVLPSOHWDUJHWV FRPPRQO\HPSOR\HGLQH[SHULPHQWDOPHDVXUHPHQWV

7KH5&6PHDVXUHPHQWVFDQEHFDUULHGRXWXVLQJGLIIHUHQW WHFKQLTXHVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHVKDSHRIWKHWDUJHW:KHQ5$0 HI¿FLHQF\LVHYDOXDWHGE\5&6PHDVXUHPHQWVLVFRPPRQWR XVHDGRXEOHIDFHSDQHOZKHUHRQHVLGHLVXVHGDVDUHÀHFWRU PDWHULDOUHIHUHQFHDQGWKHRWKHULVFRDWHGZLWK5$07KH SDQHOLV¿[HGRQDURWDWLQJVXSSRUWZKLFKLVSRVLWLRQHGLQIURQW RIWKHUHFHLYLQJDQGWUDQVPLWWLQJKRUQV7KHDGYDQWDJHRIWKLV PHWKRGRORJ\LVWKDWLWDOORZVWKHHYDOXDWLRQRIWKHUHIHUHQFH DQGWKHDEVRUELQJPDWHULDOE\URWDWLQJWKHGHYLFHIURPWR žFKDUDFWHUL]LQJERWKVLGHVRIWKHSDQHORQHDIWHUWKHRWKHU )LJXUHGHSLFWVDVLPSOL¿HGVFKHPHRIDFRPPRQGHYLFHXVHG LQWKH5&6WHFKQLTXH&XUULH0LDFFL7KHXVH RIWKLVGHYLFHDOORZVWRFKDUDFWHUL]HWKHUHIHUHQFHDQGWKH 5$0XVLQJWKHVDPHH[SHULPHQWEHFDXVHWKH5&6GLDJUDP

)LJXUH %DFNVFDWWHULQJIURPVLPSOHVKDSHVWDUJHWVDQGWKH5&6HTXDWLRQVIRUHDFKWDUJHWrUDGLXVRIVSKHUHRUF\OLQGHUhF\OLQGHUÀDW

SODWHRUGLKHGUDOOHQJWKwÀDWSODWHDQGGLKHGUDOZLGWK/WULKHGUDOOHQJWK7LOWHG3ODWHUHÀHFWVDZD\IURPWKHSODWHDQGFRXOGEH

(3)

RIÀDWSODWUHFRYHUHGZLWK5$0LVREWDLQHGE\URWDWLQJWKH GHYLFHIURPžWRžDQGWKHUHIHUHQFHPHWDOÀDWSODWHLV JHWIURPžWRž7KXVWKLVPHWKRGRORJ\LVFRQVLGHUHGD VHOIFDOLEUDWLQJPHDVXUHPHQWRQFHWKHSHUSHQGLFXODULW\RIWKH GHYLFHLVJXDUDQWHHG&XUULH0LDFFL

 

,QRUGHUWRKDYHJRRGSUHFLVLRQLWLVQHFHVVDU\WRWDNHFDUH ZLWKWKHDOLJQPHQWEHWZHHQWKHWUDQVPLWWHUUHFHLYHUDQWHQQDV DQGWKHWDUJHW%XUJHVVDQG%HUOHNDPS7KHXVHRID ODVHUEHDPKHOSVLQWKHDOLJQPHQWRIWKHV\VWHPLPSURYLQJ WKHSUHFLVLRQRIWKHPHDVXUHPHQWV)LJXUHDOVRVKRZVWKH VXSSRUW FROXPQ IRU WKH WDUJHW FDOOHG S\ORQ ZKLFK QHHGV WREHUHFRYHUHGZLWK5$0LQRUGHUWRDYRLGDQ\SRVVLEOH FRQWULEXWLRQ RI WKH UHÀHFWLYH ZDYH ZKLFK SUHMXGLFHV WKH WDUJHWFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ

8VLQJWKLVSURFHGXUHIRUVLPSOHWDUJHWVDQGSODFLQJWKH WUDQVPLWWHU7;DQGUHFHLYHU5;DQWHQQDVLQWKHVFKHPH VKRZHGLQ)LJLWLVSRVVLEOHWRPHDVXUHWKH5&6LQGLIIHUHQW IUHTXHQF\UDQJHV7KHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQERWKDQWHQQDVQHHGV WR EH WHVWHG LQ RUGHU WR HOLPLQDWH WKH UDGLDWLRQ FRXSOLQJ EHWZHHQWKHPLQQHDUVSDFHRIWKHVHWXS

7KH5&6SDWWHUQVGHSHQGH[DFWO\RQWKHWDUJHWREMHFWVKDSH DQGDOVRRQWKHLQFLGHQFHDQJOHRIZDYHVRQWKHVDPHREMHFW 7KHVSKHUHSDWWHUQLVHVVHQWLDOO\WKHVDPHLQDOOGLUHFWLRQV7KH ÀDWSODWH5&6LVVWURQJO\GHSHQGHQWRQLWVSRVLWLRQLQUHODWLRQ WRZDUGWKHUDGDU7KHFRUQHUUHÀHFWRUKDVD5&6SDWWHUQDV KLJKDVWKHÀDWSODWHGLPHQVLRQVZLWKWKHPD[LPXPSHDNV LQWKHDQJOHUDQJHRIžDQGž7KHUHWXUQHGZDYHVIURP DFRUQHUUHÀHFWRUVHHPDQDORJRXVWRWKHRQHVUHÀHFWHGE\D ÀDWSODWHPDLQWDLQLQJWKHSHUSHQGLFXODULW\WRWKHOLQHRIWKH WUDQVPLWWHUDQGUHFHLYHUDQWHQQDV

7DUJHWVVXFKDVVKLSVDQGDLUFUDIWDUHFRPSRVHGZLWKPDQ\ HIIHFWLYHVLPSOHWDUJHWVDVF\OLQGHUDQGFRUQHUV$QDLUFUDIWLV DYHU\FRPSOH[WDUJHWLQWHUPVRI5&6VLJQDWXUH,WKDVPDQ\ UHÀHFWLQJHOHPHQWVDQGVKDSHV7KH5&6RIDUHDODLUFUDIW YDULHV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ GHSHQGLQJ XSRQ WKH GLUHFWLRQ DQG WKH IUHTXHQF\EDQGRIWKHLOOXPLQDWLQJUDGDU

7KLVZRUNVKRZHGDVWXG\LQYROYLQJ5&6PHDVXUHPHQWV RIVLPSOHWDUJHWVÀDWSODWHF\OLQGHUVSKHUHDQGGLKHGUDOE\ XVLQJDVLPSOHVHWXSSURMHFWHGDQGEXLOWLQDQDQHFKRLFFKDPEHU EHORQJHGWRInstituto de Fomento e Coordenação Industrial  do Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial,), '&7$LQWKHIUHTXHQF\UDQJHRIWR*+]5&6UHGXFWLRQ PHDVXUHPHQWVZHUHREWDLQHGE\UHFRYHULQJWKHF\OLQGHUZLWKD VSHFL¿F5$0SURFHVVHGDWWKH0DWHULDOV'LYLVLRQRIInstituto  de Aeronáutica e Espaço,$(

EXPERIMENTAL 

7KH5&6PHDVXUHPHQWVZHUHFDUULHGRXWDWWKHIUHTXHQFLHV RI DQG *+] ,Q HDFK IUHTXHQF\ WKH WDUJHW ZDV¿[HGRQWKHURWDWLQJVXSSRUW)LJDQGURWDWHGIURP WRžDWDVFDQQLQJUDWHRIUDGV7KHEXLOWVHWXS

(Miacci et alDIRU5&6PHDVXUHPHQWVLVFRQVWLWXWHG RI DQHFKRLF FKDPEHU PDWFKHG DW WR *+] VZHHS PRGHO +3 % +HZOHWW 3DFNDUG VSHFWUXP DQDO\]HU PRGHO +3( 3& FRPSXWHU ZLWK +3,% LQWHUIDFH ORZ ORVV FRD[LDO FDEOHV IURP +XEHU6XKQHU &RPSDQ\ PRGHO 6XFRIRUP603(ȍDQWHQQDVLQWKHUDQJHRIWR *+]/XQHEHUJOHQVZLWK5&6RIPDW*+]IURP 7KRPVRQ&6),QWHUQDWLRQDO,QF7KRPVRQWDUJHWVZLWK GLIIHUHQWVKDSHVDÀDWSODWHZLWKGLPHQVLRQVRI[FP DGLKHGUDOFRUQHUUHÀHFWRUZLWKÀDWSODWHVRI[FPD PHWDOOLFF\OLQGHURIFPRIKLJKDQGFPRIGLDPHWHUDOOLQ )LJXUH 'HYLFH VFKHPH XVHG LQ WKH 5&6 PHWKRG %DVHG RQ

0LDFFL

)LJXUH 5&6 PHDVXUHPHQW VHWXS R LV WKH GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ WKH DQWHQQDVDQGWKHWDUJHW0LDFFL

(4)

DOXPLQXP7DQGDVWHHOVSKHUHRIFPRIGLDPHWHU DQG 5$0 FRDWLQJ GHYHORSHG DW WKH 0DWHULDOV 'LYLVLRQ RIWKH,$(

7KH 5$0 SUHSDUDWLRQ LQYROYHG WKH PL[WXUH RI ZHLJKZHLJK±ZZRIDFRPPHUFLDOSRO\XUHWKDQHPDWUL[ ORDGHGZLWK¿OOHUVEHLQJ1L=QIHUULWHZZDQGFDUERQ EODFNZZ3K\VLFRFKHPLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKH¿OOHUV DQGWKHSRO\XUHWKDQHUHVLQDVZHOODVWKHFRDWLQJSUHSDUDWLRQ SURFHGXUHVZHUHSUHYLRXVO\GHVFULEHG'LDV7KH5$0 ZDVDSSOLHGRQWKHWDUJHWF\OLQGHUVXUIDFHE\EUXVKLQJ

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Luneberg lens

,QRUGHUWRYDOLGDWHWKHSURSRVHG5&6PHDVXUHPHQWVHWXS ¿UVWO\ D FHUWL¿HG UHIHUHQFH WDUJHW FDOOHG /XQHEHUJ OHQV RI

FPRIGLDPHWHUDQG5&6RIPZDVXVHG$/XQHEHUJ

OHQV LV D VSKHUH FRQVWLWXWHG RI GLHOHFWULF PDVVLYH VKHOOV )LJXUHGHSLFWVDPHDVXUHG5&6GLDJUDPRIWKLVWDUJHWXVLQJ WKHEXLOWVHWXSLQIXQFWLRQRIDVSHFWDQJOHVEHWZHHQDQG ž DQG IUHTXHQF\ RI *+] 7KH PD[LPXP SRZHU 3PD[ G%P REVHUYHG LQ WKLV GLDJUDP FRUUHVSRQGV WRWKH5&6YDOXHRIPDFFRUGLQJWRWKHFHUWL¿HGYDOXH JLYHQ E\ WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU 7KRPVRQ 8VLQJ WKH UHODWLRQVKLSJLYHQE\(TLWLVSRVVLEOHWRGHWHUPLQHWKH5&6 YDOXHVRIVLPSOHWDUJHWVLQWKHVDPHIUHTXHQF\*+] 7KH FRQVWDQW LQWHQVLW\ OHYHO RI WKH VLJQDO G%P EHWZHHQ WKH DVSHFW DQJOHV RI ž DQG ž FRUUHVSRQGV WR WKH UHJLRQ ZLWK WKH VDPH VFDWWHULQJ OHYHO RI WKH OHQV EHLQJ D FKDUDFWHULVWLF 5&6 SDWWHUQ IRU WKLV WDUJHW 7KH REWDLQHG 5&6 SDWWHUQ VKRZV JRRG DJUHHPHQW ZLWK WKDW RQH IXUQLVKHG E\ 7KRPVRQ &6) ,QWHUQDWLRQDO ,QF YDOLGDWLQJWKHEXLOWVHWXS

8VLQJWKHVHGDWDREWDLQHGZLWKWKH/XQHEHUJOHQVLWLV SRVVLEOHWRGHWHUPLQHWKH5&6YDOXHIRURWKHUVLPSOHWDUJHWV EDVHG RQ (T DQG JLYHQ E\ &XUULH 0LDFFLet  al

E0LDFFLet al

      

ZKHUH

ıW5&6RIWKHWHVWWDUJHWP

PtUHFHLYHGSRZHUIURPWHVWWDUJHW:

PrUHFHLYHGSRZHUIURPUHIHUHQFHWDUJHW/XQHEHUJOHQV: DQGıU5&6RIWKHUHIHUHQFHWDUJHW/XQHEHUJOHQVP

Dihedral

)LJXUHVKRZVWKHSORWWHGGLDJUDPVRIWKHGLKHGUDOFRUQHU UHÀHFWRUDW*+]7KHWKHRUHWLFDO5&6FDQEHFDOFXODWHG XVLQJWKHH[SUHVVLRQJLYHQLQ)LJ7KHW\SLFDOGLDJUDPLQ )LJGHSLFWVWKUHHPD[LPXPYDOXHUHJLRQVRI5&6%HWZHHQ žDQGžWKHYDOXHRIG%PLVGXHWRWKHFRQWULEXWLRQ RIWKHLQWHUDFWLRQVRIUHÀHFWHGZDYHVEHWZHHQWKHWZRSODWHV 7KHVHFRQGDQGWKLUGSHDNVDWžDQGžUHVSHFWLYHO\ SUHVHQW DQ LQWHQVLW\ RI G%P ZKLFK LV DWWULEXWHG WRWKHLQGLYLGXDOFRQWULEXWLRQRIHDFKSODWHRIWKHGLKHGUDO VHSDUDWHO\ 7KH FDOFXODWHG 5&6 YDOXH IRU WKLV WDUJHW

DW*+]LVHTXDOWRPDQGWKHH[SHULPHQWDOYDOXH

LV P7KH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKHVH WZR 5&6 YDOXHV LV HTXDO WR P VKRZLQJ JRRG DJUHHPHQW 7KXV WKH FRPSDULVRQRIWKH5&6SDWWHUQRIWKH/XQHEHUJOHQVDQGWKH GLKHGUDOERWKDW*+]DOORZHGFDOLEUDWLQJWKHGLKHGUDO LQRWKHUIUHTXHQFLHV

)LJXUH 0HDVXUHG5&6SDWWHUQRIWKH/XQHEHUJOHQVDW*+]

)LJXUH 5&6 GLDJUDP SDWWHUQ RI D GLKHGUDO FRUQHU UHIOHFWRU

[FPDW*+]

P P t

r t

r

(5)

7KH 5&6 GLDJUDPV RI WKH GLKHGUDO FRUQHU UHÀHFWRU LQ IXQFWLRQ RI WKH IUHTXHQF\ IURP WR *+] DUH VKRZQ LQ)LJ

)LJXUHVDQGVKRZWKDWWKH5&6GLDJUDPVRIWKHGLKHGUDO FRUQHU UHÀHFWRU WDUJHW SUHVHQW QHDUO\ WKH VDPH VKDSHV LQ IXQFWLRQRIWKHIUHTXHQF\ZKHQWKHYHUWLFDOD[HVURWDWHVIURP žWRž0HDQZKLOHWKHDPSOLWXGHLQWHQVLW\LQG%PRI WKHVLJQDOVLQWKHVDPHDVSHFWDQJOHVLVVOLJKWO\GLIIHUHQWZLWK WKHIUHTXHQF\)LJ

7DEOHVKRZVWKHPHDVXUHGDQGFDOFXODWHG5&6YDOXHVIRU WKHGLKHGUDODWGLIIHUHQWIUHTXHQFLHV7KHGHWHUPLQHGGHYLDWLRQ VKRZV JRRG DJUHHPHQW ZLWK WKH FDOFXODWHG YDOXHV XVLQJ HTXDWLRQVSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJZKLFKFRQ¿UPWKHDGHTXDWH 5&6PHWKRGRORJ\SURSRVHG

Metallic sphere

$ PHWDOOLF VSKHUH ZLWK GLDPHWHU RI FP ZDV FKDUDFWHUL]HGDWDQG*+]7DEOHUHSRUWVWKH

PHDVXUHGDQGFDOFXODWHG5&6YDOXHVIRUWKLVVSKHUHXVLQJ HTXDWLRQSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJ7KHPHDQYDOXHRIGHWHUPLQHG 5&6IURPWKHVSKHUHZDVHTXDOWRPDQGWKHFDOFXODWHG YDOXHZDVP7KHVPDOOGHYLDWLRQEHWZHHQWKHPHDVXUHG DQGFDOFXODWHGYDOXHVLVLVDVVLJQHGWRQRQXQLIRUPLW\RIWKH VSKHULFDOVXUIDFHRIWKHWDUJHW

Flat plate

)LJXUHGHSLFWVDW\SLFDO5&6GLDJUDPRIDQDOXPLQXPÀDW SODWHDW*+]ZLWKDURWDWLRQRIž,WLVREVHUYHGDSHDN DWžFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHYDOXHRIG%PDWWULEXWHGWRWKH FRQWULEXWLRQRIWKHQRUPDOLQFLGHQFHRIWKHHOHFWURPDJQHWLF ZDYHVRQWKHÀDWSODWH7KHSRVLWLRQSHUSHQGLFXODULW\RIWKH SODWHLVDYHU\FULWLFDOSDUDPHWHUIRUWKHVXFFHVVDQGSUHFLVLRQ RIWKHPHDVXUHPHQWV

7KH5&6YDOXHVRIDSHUIHFWÀDWUHFWDQJXODUUHÀHFWRUFDQ KDYHLWVWKHRUHWLFDO5&6YDOXHFDOFXODWHGDVDIXQFWLRQRIWKH LQFLGHQWUDGLDWLRQIUHTXHQF\DFFRUGLQJWRHTXDWLRQGHSLFWHG

)LJXUH 5&6SDWWHUQVG%PRIWKHGLKHGUDORI[FPDWD*+]E*+]F*+]G*+]DQGH*+] 7DEOH 7KHRUHWLFDODQGH[SHULPHQWDOPHDVXUHG5&6YDOXHVRID

GLKHGUDORI[FPLQIXQFWLRQRIWKHIUHTXHQF\ )UHTXHQF\*+] &DOFXODWHG5&6P 0HDVXUHG5&6P

)UHTXHQF\*+] &DOFXODWHG5&6P) 0HDVXUHG5&6P)

7DEOH 5&6YDOXHVRIDPHWDOOLFVSKHUHGLDPHWHURIFPLQ IXQFWLRQRIWKHIUHTXHQF\

(6)

LQ)LJ-RKQVRQ7DEOHVKRZVWKHFDOFXODWHG5&6 YDOXHV RI DQ DOXPLQXP ÀDW SODWH [FP LQ IXQFWLRQ RIIUHTXHQF\

 

)LJXUHVKRZVWKHHTXLYDOHQW5&6GLDJUDPRIÀDWSODWH LQVTXDUHPHWHUVREWDLQHGDW*+]LQIXQFWLRQRIWKHDVSHFW DQJOHVRIWKHLQFLGHQWZDYH7KHPHDVXUHGSHDNHTXDOWR ±G%PDW*+])LJZDVH[SUHVVHGLQVTXDUHPHWHUV )LJ DQG FRUUHODWHG ZLWK WKH FDOFXODWHG 5&6 YDOXH RI P7DEOH7KLVFRPSDULVRQVKRZVJRRGDJUHHPHQW FRQ¿UPLQJ WKH SURSHU DGMXVWPHQW RI WKH XVHG 5&6 VHWXS

Metallic cylinder

)LJXUHGHSLFWVWKHSORWWHG5&6GLDJUDPRIDPHWDOOLF F\OLQGHURIFPRIOHQJWKDQGFPRIGLDPHWHUURWDWLQJ WKHF\OLQGHUIURPžWRžRQLWVD[HVDQGNHHSLQJWKH 7;DQG75DQWHQQDVLQWKHVDPHSRVLWLRQDW*+]7KH GHWHUPLQHG5&6YDOXHLVFRQVWDQWDQGRPQLGLUHFWLRQDOHTXDOV WRP7KHF\OLQGHU5&6PHDVXUHPHQWQHHGVRPHWLJKW DGMXVWVRQWKHGLHOHFWULFVXSSRUWWRDYRLGFRQWULEXWLRQVRI

WKHUHÀHFWHGZDYHVIURPWKLVDSSDUDWXV7KHREWDLQHG5&6 LVDOPRVWFRQVWDQWDW*+]“G%PURWDWLQJWKH VXSSRUWLQžDURXQGLWVYHUWLFDOD[H7KLVFXUYHLVW\SLFDO IRUWKLVNLQGRIWDUJHWDQGLWLVDWWULEXWHGWRWKHF\OLQGHUVKDSH ZKLFKFRQWULEXWHVRQO\DVDOLQHZKHQWKHZDYHLPSLQJHVRQLW

$IWHUZDUGV XVLQJ WKH VDPH 5&6 GHYLFH DQG WKH VDPH F\OLQGHULWZDVREWDLQHGWKH5&6GLDJUDPRIWKLVWDUJHWFRDWHG ZLWKDSURFHVVHG5$0)LJXUHVKRZVWKH5&6GLDJUDPRI WKHF\OLQGHUFRDWHGZLWKWKH5$0SUHVHQWLQJ“PPRI WKLFNQHVVORDGHGZLWK1L=QIHUULWHDQGFDUERQEODFN,QWKLV FDVHWKHGLDJUDPVKRZVWKHUHÀHFWLYLW\YDULDWLRQLQIXQFWLRQRI WKHDVSHFWDQJOHVFKDUDFWHUL]LQJD5&6UHGXFWLRQRIWKHWDUJHW 7KLVYDULDWLRQLVDWWULEXWHGWRERWKWKHEXONKHWHURJHQHLW\RI WKHSURFHVVHG5$0UHODWHGWRWKHIHUULWHDQGFDUERQEODFN SDUWLFOHVGLVWULEXWLRQDQGWRWKHDEVRUEHUWKLFNQHVVYDULDWLRQ 8VLQJ WKH FXUYH D DV UHIHUHQFH )LJ VKRZV WKDW WKH DEVRUELQJ SURSULHW\ SUHVHQWV D UHÀHFWLYLW\ YDOXH RI )LJXUH 5&6GLDJUDPLQG%PRIDQDOXPLQXPSODWH[FP at 

*+]

7DEOH 5&6 YDOXHV RI D ÀDW SODWH RI [FP LQ GLIIHUHQW IUHTXHQFLHV

)UHTXHQF\*+] &DOFXODWHG5&6P) 0HDVXUHG5&6P)

)LJXUH 5&6 GLDJUDP P RI DQ DOXPLQXP SODWH [FP  at  *+]

(7)

G%P QHDU ±ž DQG D PD[LPXP YDOXH RI G%P DW ž 7KHUHIRUH LQ WKHVH DQJOHV WKH DEVRUEHU SUHVHQWV PRUHHI¿FLHQWDWWHQXDWLRQYDOXHVRIWKHLQFLGHQWUDGLDWLRQ )LJXUHGHSLFWVWKH5&6GLDJUDPDW*+]RIWKHVDPH F\OLQGHUFRDWHGZLWKWKH5$0,QWKLVFDVHWKHDEVRUSWLRQPHDQ YDOXHLVORZHUWKDQG%PLQUHODWLRQWRWKHYDOXHVRIFXUYH DVKRZLQJWKDWWKLVPDWHULDOEHKDYHVDVDPRUHHI¿FLHQW DEVRUEHU LQ KLJKHU IUHTXHQF\ UDQJH$JDLQ LW LV REVHUYHG WKDW WKH XVHG 5$0 UHYHDOV VLPLODU DEVRUSWLRQ EHKDYLRU DW *+]VKRZLQJEHWWHUDWWHQXDWLRQUHVXOWVQHDU±žDQGž DVSHFWDQJOHV

CONCLUSIONS

7KLV SDSHU SUHVHQWHG D VLPSOH VHWXS EXLOW LQVLGH DQ DQHFKRLFFKDPEHULQGRRUPHDVXUHPHQWVSURSHUWRPHDVXUH

5&6RIVLPSOHWDUJHWVVXFKDVVSKHUHÀDWSODWHV/XQHEHUJ OHQVGLKHGUDOFRUQHUUHÀHFWRUVDQGF\OLQGHUV7KHYDOLGDWLRQ RIWKLVVHWXSZDVPDGHE\XVLQJDFHUWL¿HG/XQHEHUJOHQVZLWK

PZKLFKVKRZHGDYHU\JRRGDJUHHPHQWZLWKWKHGDWD

IXUQLVKHGE\WKH/XQHEHUJOHQVPDQXIDFWXUHU6LPSOHPHWDOOLF WDUJHWV ÀDW SODWHV F\OLQGHU GLKHGUDO DQG VSKHUH ZHUH FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ PHDVXULQJ WKH EDFNVFDWWHUHG UDGLDWLRQ SDWWHUQVLQGLIIHUHQWDVSHFWDQJOHVLQWKHIUHTXHQF\UDQJHRI WR*+]7KHFRPSDULVRQRIWKH5&6GDWDZLWKWKDWRQH FDOFXODWHGE\WKHRUHWLFDOHTXDWLRQVVKRZHGJRRGDJUHHPHQW 5&6 UHGXFWLRQ PHDVXUHPHQWV ZHUH DOVR PDGH UHFRYHULQJ DF\OLQGHUZLWK5$0GHYHORSHGDWWKH,$(7KHREWDLQHG 5&6SDWWHUQVVKRZHGWKDWWKLVPHWKRGRORJ\LVDGHTXDWHWR FKDUDFWHUL]HWKLVNLQGRIPDWHULDOUHYHDOLQJWKDWWKHXVHG5$0 UHGXFHGWKH5&6RIWKHWHVWHGWDUJHWDQGFKDQJHGLWVUHÀHFWLYLW\ EHKDYLRUDVDIXQFWLRQIXQFWLRQRIWKHDVSHFWDQJOHV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

7KH DXWKRUV WKDQNFundação  de  Amparo  à  Pesquisa 

do Estado de São Paulo)$3(63SURMHFW1R

&RRUGHQDomR GH$SHUIHLoRDPHQWR GH 3HVVRDO GH 1tYHO Superior&$3(6&RQVHOKR1DFLRQDOGH'HVHQYROYLPHQWR

&LHQWt¿FRH7HFQROyJLFR&13TZLWKSURMHFWV

DQG DQG WKHEstado­Maior  da  Aeronáutica 

(0$HUIRUWKH¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUW

REFERENCES

%LVFDUR56et  al³,QÀXHQFHRIGRSHGSRO\DQLOLQH

RQWKHLQWHUDFWLRQRI383$QLEOHQGVDQGRQLWVPLFURZDYH DEVRUSWLRQSURSHUWLHV´3RO\PHUVIRU$GYDQFHG7HFKQRORJLHV 9ROSS

%XUJHVV/5DQG%HUOHNDPS-³8QGHUVWDQGLQJ5DGDU &URVV6HFWLRQ 0HDVXUHPHQWV´ 061 &7 ± 0LFURZDYHV 6\VWHPV 1HZV &RPPXQLFDWLRQV 7HFKQRORJ\ 86$ SS

&XUULH 1& ³5DGDU 5HIOHFWLYLW\ 0HDVXUHPHQW 7HFKQLTXHV DQG$SSOLFDWLRQV´ VW (GLWLRQ$UWHFK +RXVH 1RUZRRG86$

'LDV-&³2EWHQomRGH5HYHVWLPHQWRV$EVRUYHGRUHV GH 5DGLDomR (OHWURPDJQpWLFD *+] $SOLFDGRV QR )LJXUH 5&6 GLDJUDPV RI F\OLQGHU D ZLWKRXW D 5$0 DQG E

FRDWHGZLWKD5$0DW*+]

)LJXUH 5&6 GLDJUDPV RI F\OLQGHU D ZLWKRXW D 5$0 DQG E FRDWHGZLWKD5$0DW*+]

(8)

6HWRU$HURQiXWLFR´ 3K' 7KHVLV ,QVWLWXWR 7HFQROyJLFR GH $HURQiXWLFD6mR-RVpGRV&DPSRV63%UD]LO

)DH] 5et  al ³3ROtPHURV FRQGXWRUHV LQWUtQVHFRV H VHXSRWHQFLDOHPEOLQGDJHPGHUDGLDo}HVHOHWURPDJQpWLFDV´ 3ROtPHURV&LrQFLDH7HFQRORJLD9ROSS

)DH]5et al³0LFURZDYH$EVRUELQJ&RDWLQJV%DVHG

RQD%OHQGRI1LWULOH5XEEHU(3'05XEEHUDQG3RO\DQLOLQH´ 3RO\PHU%XOOHWLQ%HUOLQ9ROSS

)ROJXHUDV/&et al³'LHOHFWULF0LFURZDYH$EVRUELQJ 0DWHULDO3URFHVVHGE\,PSUHJQDWLRQRI&DUERQ)LEHU)DEULF ZLWK3RO\DQLOLQH´0DWHULDOV5HVHDUFK9RO1RSS

)ROJXHLUDV /&et  al ³'LHOHFWULF 3URSHUWLHV RI 0LFURZDYH$EVRUELQJ 6KHHWV 3URGXFHG ZLWK 6LOLFRQH DQG 3RO\DQLOLQH´0DWHULDOV5HVHDUFK9RO1RSS

*DPD $0et  al ³&RPSOH[ SHUPHDELOLW\ DQG

SHUPLWWLYLW\YDULDWLRQRIFDUERQ\OLURQUXEEHULQWKHIUHTXHQF\ UDQJHRIWR*+]´-RXUQDORI$HURVSDFH7HFKQRORJ\DQG 0DQDJHPHQW9ROSS

*DPD $0et  al ³'HSHQGHQFH RI PLFURZDYH

DEVRUSWLRQ SURSHUWLHV RQ IHUULWH YROXPH IUDFWLRQ LQ 0Q=Q IHUULWHUXEEHU PLFURZDYH DEVRUELQJ PDWHULDOV´ -RXUQDO RI 0DJQHWLVPDQG0DJQHWLF0DWHULDOV9ROSS

+DUWPDQ 5 DQG %HUOHNDPS - ³)XQGDPHQWDOV RI $QWHQQD7HVW(YDOXDWLRQ´061 &7±0LFURZDYHV6\VWHPV 1HZV &RPPXQLFDWLRQV7HFKQRORJ\86$SS

-RKQVRQ51³5DGDU$EVRUELQJ0DWHULDO$3DVVLYH 5ROHLQDQ$FWLYH6FHQDULR´,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RXQWHUPHDVXUHV +DQGERRNWK(GLWLRQ(:&RPPXQLFDWLRQV3DOR$OWR &$86$

.QRWW()et al³5DGDU&URVV6HFWLRQ´QG(GLWLRQ

$UWHFK+RXVH,QF1RUZRRG86$

/HH60³,QWHUQDWLRQDO(QF\FORSHGLDRI&RPSRVLWHV´ 9RO9+&3XEOLVKHUV1HZ<RUN86$

0LDFFL0$6et alD³0pWRGRGH0HGLGDGH6HomR

5HWD5DGDUGH2EMHWRV5HÀHWRUHVGH2QGDV(OHWURPDJQpWLFDV QD )DL[D GH *+] D *+] SDUD &DUDFWHUL]DomR (OHWURPDJQpWLFD GH 0DWHULDLV $EVRUYHGRUHV GH 5DGLDomR 3DWHQWH´%UD]LOLDQ3DWHQWLQDQDO\VLV08

0LDFFL 0 $ 6et  al E ³5DGDU &URVV 6HFWLRQ

0HDVXUHPHQWV *+] RI )ODW 3ODWHV 3DLQWHG ZLWK 0LFURZDYH$EVRUELQJ0DWHULDOV´6%02,(((%HOpP3$ %UD]LO9ROSS

0LDFFL0$606F'LVVHUWDWLRQ³'HWHUPLQDomR ([SHULPHQWDO GR (VSDOKDPHQWR 0RQRHVWiWLFR GH 0LFURRQGDV SRU $OYRV GH *HRPHWULD 6LPSOHV´ ,QVWLWXWR7HFQROyJLFRGH$HURQiXWLFD6mR-RVpGRV&DPSRV 63%UD]LO

0LDFFL 0$ 6et  al ³0HGLGDV GH 5HÀHWLYLGDGH

7UDQVSDUrQFLD H 6HomR 5HWD 5DGDU 5&6 GH &RPSyVLWRV $YDQoDGRVQD)DL[DGH±*+]´%UD]LOLDQ0LFURZDYH DQG2SWRHOHWURQLFV6\PSRVLXP5HFLIH%UD]LO

5H]HQGH0&et  al³5HÀHFWLYLW\LQWKHPLFURZDYH

UDQJH RI SRO\XUHWKDQH FRDWLQJ ORDGHG ZLWK 1L=Q IHUULWHV´ 0DWHULDOV5HVHDUFK9ROSS

6LOYD9$et  al³&RPSRUWDPHQWRHOHWURPDJQpWLFR

GH PDWHULDLV DEVRUYHGRUHV GH PLFURRQGDV EDVHDGRV HP KH[DIHUULWDGH&DPRGL¿FDGDFRPtRQV&R7LHGRSDGDFRP /D´-RXUQDORI$HURVSDFH7HFKQRORJ\DQG0DQDJHPHQW9RO SS

6NROQLN0³5DGDU+DQGERRN´QG(GLWLRQ0F*UDZ +LOO86$

Referências

Documentos relacionados

In this work the ablative and mechanical properties of quartz phenolic composites were evaluated in order to identify the range of properties suitable for the

There are many parameters that characterize a blowdown Supersonic Wind Tunnel (SWT) such as the test section dimensions, operating characteristics (Reynolds number

Este critério possui como Estes pesos identificam a diferença de importância entre os subcritérios o Adiamento do lançamento do VLS-1 V04 e a méritos do

,QRUGHUWRPRUHDSSURSULDWHO\FKDUDFWHUL]HWKH¿HOGRI$HURVSDFH7HFKQRORJ\DQG0DQDJHPHQWVRPHVSHFLDOWLHVOLNH

,Q UHFHQW \HDUV WKHUH KDV EHHQ DQ LQFUHDVLQJ WHQGHQF\ WRUHSODFHVLQJOHODUJHVDWHOOLWHVZLWKVHYHUDOVPDOORQHVLQ IRUPDWLRQ À\LQJ %DR\LQ et  al .DSLODet  al

&amp;RQWLQXLW\ RI WKH SURMHFW FDQ FRQVLGHU WKUHH PDLQ SRVVLELOLWLHV7KH¿UVWZLOOEHWKHGHVLJQLQJDQGWHVWYDOLGDWLRQ RI YDULDQW FRQWUROOHUV EDVHG RQ GLIIHUHQW DSSURDFKHV

3UHPL[PRGXOH:LWKWKHUHDFWLRQVLQYROYHGLQWKHSURSRVHG PHFKDQLVPV WKH YDULDWLRQ RI WKH$3 FRPEXVWLRQ EHKDYLRU ZDV REVHUYHG DV WKH SUHVVXUH RI WKH FRPEXVWLRQ FKDPEHU RI D VROLG

)7,5 DQDO\VHV ZHUH SHUIRUPHG E\ 3HUNLQ(OPHU VSHFWURSKRWRPHWHU6SHFWUXPLQWKHVSHFWUDOUHJLRQRI WRFP JDLQUHVROXWLRQRIFP DQGVFDQV