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PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

JOÃO ABECASIS

Hospital Lusíadas Lisboa

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

(2)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

MEDIDAS GERAIS - ESTILO DE VIDA

INTERVENÇÃO DEPENDENTE DE ACONSELHAMENTO CONJUGADO

Cardiologista / Medicina Interna / MGF / Enfermagem (reabilitação) / Dietistas / Psicoterapeutas

CESSAÇÃO TABÁGICA

36% de redução de mortalidade

Intervenção comportamento / farmacológica (agonistas nicotina / vareniclina / buproprion)

DIETA

DIETA MEDITERRÂNICA (10% gordura no aporte calórico)

Na <5g/dia

Fibra 30-45g/dia

(3)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

MEDIDAS GERAIS - ESTILO DE VIDA

CONTROLO PONDERAL

Efeito indirecto de controlo dos FR convencionais

…Redução de peso em obesos e redução da mortalidade pós STEMI ?...

EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO / REABILITAÇÃO

Pós EAM: todos os dts devem integrar um programa de reabilitação CENTRADO NO EXERCÍCIO

Treino físico

Modificação estilo vida

Educação para a saúde

Manejo stress emocional / profissional

Apoio psicológico

(4)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

MEDIDAS GERAIS - ESTILO DE VIDA

RETOMA DE ACTIVIDADES HABITUAIS

Retorno actividade laboral: BOM INDICADOR DE RECUPERAÇÃO

Actividade sexual como integrante de actividade física ligeira a moderada

Decisão individualizada

Deslocação aérea

CONTROLO TENSIONAL

PAS<140mmHg: preferencial com iECA/ARA II (NSTEMI PAD<90mmHg / 85mmHg DM2 - 2015)

Doentes de muito elevado risco e PAS <120mmHg

(5)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

(6)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

(7)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

(8)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

(9)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

(10)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

(11)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

(12)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

(13)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

iECA / ARA II

NITRATOS

IC AGUDA / HTA GRAVE / ALÍVIO SINTOMÁTICO EM AMBULATÓRIO

(14)

Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência

– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA

(15)

Previous MI

OR

Stable angina or unstable angina with documented

multi-vessel CAD, >50% stenosis in at least 2 major coronary

arteries on coronary angiography, or positive stress test

(electrocardiogram) or nuclear perfusion scintigram

OR

Multi-vessel percutaneous coronary intervention

OR

Multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

within 1 week or at least 4 years ago or with recurrent

angina or ischemia at any time following surgery

Previous aorto-femoral bypass surgery, limb bypass

surgery or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the

iliac or infrainguinal arteries

OR

Previous limb or foot amputation for arterial vascular

disease*

OR

History of intermittent claudication and either an

ankle/arm blood pressure ratio ≤0.90 or significant

peripheral artery stenosis (>50%) documented by

angiography or non-invasive testing by duplex

ultrasound

OR

Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis

#

>50% as

diagnosed by duplex ultrasound or angiography

COMPASS: Study Population

Definition of CAD

Definition of PAD

*i.e. excludes trauma; #i.e. no ipsilateral stroke or transient ischaemic attack within 6 months

(16)

With COMPASS, Rivaroxaban Has the Potential to Redefine

SoC for Patients with High Need for Improved CV Protection

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban, low-dose rivaroxaban plus ASA or

ASA alone for reducing the risk of MI, stroke and cardiovascular death in CAD or PAD

Rivaroxaban 5.0 mg bid

± pantoprazole

ASA 100 mg od

± pantoprazole

Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid + ASA 100 mg od

± pantoprazole

30-day

washout

period*

30-day

run-in,

ASA 100 mg

Final

follow-up

visit

#

R

Final

washout

period visit

1:1:1

N~27,400

Population:

Documented CAD

or PAD

FPFV: Q1-13

LPLV: Q2-17

Official study title: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Rivaroxaban for the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events

in Patients With Coronary or Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPASS - Cardiovascular OutcoMes for People Using

Anticoagulation StrategieS)

Indication:

CAD/PAD

Short design: Randomized, double-blind controlled trial

FPFV, first patient first visit; LPLV, last patient last visit

*Patients treated according to local standard of care; #≤30 days of the required prespecified number of events having occurred;patients who were not receiving a proton pump inhibitor were randomized to pantoprazole or pantoprazole placebo

(17)

Dual Pathway Inhibition with Rivaroxaban Vascular Dose

2.5 mg BID + Aspirin Reduced Stroke, CV Death and MI

MACE* (%)

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Aspirin 100 mg OD

5.4

-

-Rivaroxaban 5 mg BID

4.9

0.90 (0.79-1.03)

0.12

Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BID

+ aspirin 100 mg OD

4.1

0.76 (0.66-0.86)

<0.001

Eikelboom JW et al. N Engl J Med 2017;DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118

C

um

ul

at

iv

e

inci

dence

(

%)

0

2

4

6

8

10

0

1

2

3

Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BID + aspirin 100 mg OD

Rivaroxaban 5 mg BID

Aspirin 100 mg OD

*Rates as at mean follow up of 23 months

Number at risk Aspirin 100 mg OD 9,126 7,808 3,860 669 Riva 5 mg BID 9,117 7,824 3,862 670 Riva 2.5 mg BID + aspirin 100 mg OD9,152 7,904 3,912 658

Year

Significantly reduced the

combined risk of stroke, CV

(18)

Stroke and CV Death in CAD/PAD

Primary efficacy:

MACE*

Aspirin

n (%)

Riva 2.5 mg

BID + aspirin

n (%)

HR

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Overall CAD/PAD

496 (5.4)

379 (4.1)

0.76

<0.001

Stroke

142 (1.6)

83 (0.9)

0.58

<0.001

CV death

203 (2.2)

160 (1.7)

0.78

0.02

MI

205 (2.2)

178 (1.9)

0.86

0.14

CAD

460 (5.6)

347 (4.2)

0.74

<0.0001

PAD

174 (6.9)

126 (5.1)

0.72

<0.005

Eikelboom JW et al. ESC 2017. COMPASS trial: Primary Results. Abstract no. 1154; Available at: http://congress365.escardio.org/; Eikelboom JW et al. N Engl J Med 2017; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118 *Crude incidence over mean follow-up of 23 months

Favours

riva 2.5 mg

BID + aspirin

Favours

aspirin

alone

0,1

1

10

(19)

Pre-specified

PAD outcomes*

Aspirin

n (%)

Riva 2.5 mg

BID + aspirin

n (%)

HR

HR (95% CI)

p-value

CV death, stroke, MI

(MACE: major adverse

cardiac events)

174 (6.9)

126 (5.1)

0.72

0.005

Acute limb ischaemia

or chronic limb

ischaemia

(MALE: major adverse

limb events)

56 (2.2)

30 (1.2)

0.54

0.005

Major amputation

17 (0.7)

5 (0.2)

0.30

0.01

MACE or MALE or

major amputation

225 (9.0)

157 (6.3)

0.69

0.0003

Rivaroxaban is the Only Antithrombotic in Combination with

Aspirin that Prevented Amputations in Patients with PAD

Anand SS et al. ESC 2017. COMPASS trial: Results in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. Abstract no. 1157; Available at: http://congress365.escardio.org/; Anand SS et al. Lancet 2017 (Accepted)

Favours

riva 2.5 mg

BID + aspirin

Favours

aspirin

alone

0,1

1

10

(20)

Bleeding Rates

Crude incidence over mean

follow-up of 23 months

Aspirin

n (%)

Riva 2.5 mg

BID

+ aspirin

n (%)

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Primary safety: major bleeding

170

(1.9)

288 (3.1)

1.70 (1.40–2.05)

<0.001

Fatal bleeding

10 (0.1)

15 (0.2)

1.49 (0.67–3.33)

0.32

Non-fatal symptomatic ICH

19 (0.2)

21 (0.2)

1.10 (0.59–2.04)

0.77

Non-fatal, non-ICH, symptomatic

bleeding into a critical organ

29 (0.3)

42 (0.5)

1.43 (0.89–2.29)

0.14

Other major bleeding leading to

hospitalisation

112

(1.2)

210 (2.3)

1.88 (1.49–2.36)

<0.001

Pre-specified net clinical benefit

(CV death, stroke, MI, fatal bleeding, or

symptomatic bleeding into a critical organ)

534

(5.9)

431 (4.7)

0.80 (0.70–0.91)

<0.001

All-cause mortality

378 (4.1)

313 (3.4)

0.82 (0.71–0.96)

0.01

Eikelboom JW et al. N Engl J Med 2017; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118; Bosch J et al. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33:1027–-1035

(21)

Bleeding Rates

Crude incidence over mean

follow-up of 23 months

Aspirin

n (%)

Riva 2.5 mg

BID

+ aspirin

n (%)

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Primary safety: major bleeding

170

(1.9)

288 (3.1)

1.70 (1.40–2.05)

<0.001

Fatal bleeding

10 (0.1)

15 (0.2)

1.49 (0.67–3.33)

0.32

Non-fatal symptomatic ICH

19 (0.2)

21 (0.2)

1.10 (0.59–2.04)

0.77

Non-fatal, non-ICH, symptomatic

bleeding into a critical organ

29 (0.3)

42 (0.5)

1.43 (0.89–2.29)

0.14

Other major bleeding leading to

hospitalisation

112

(1.2)

210 (2.3)

1.88 (1.49–2.36)

<0.001

Pre-specified net clinical benefit

(CV death, stroke, MI, fatal bleeding, or

symptomatic bleeding into a critical organ)

534

(5.9)

431 (4.7)

0.80 (0.70–0.91)

<0.001

All-cause mortality

378 (4.1)

313 (3.4)

0.82 (0.71–0.96)

0.01

Eikelboom JW et al. N Engl J Med 2017; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118; Bosch J et al. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33:1027–-1035

(22)

Bleeding Rates

Crude incidence over mean

follow-up of 23 months

Aspirin

n (%)

Riva 2.5 mg

BID

+ aspirin

n (%)

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Primary safety: major bleeding

170

(1.9)

288 (3.1)

1.70 (1.40–2.05)

<0.001

Fatal bleeding

10 (0.1)

15 (0.2)

1.49 (0.67–3.33)

0.32

Non-fatal symptomatic ICH

19 (0.2)

21 (0.2)

1.10 (0.59–2.04)

0.77

Non-fatal, non-ICH, symptomatic

bleeding into a critical organ

29 (0.3)

42 (0.5)

1.43 (0.89–2.29)

0.14

Other major bleeding leading to

hospitalisation

112

(1.2)

210 (2.3)

1.88 (1.49–2.36)

<0.001

Pre-specified net clinical benefit

(CV death, stroke, MI, fatal bleeding, or

symptomatic bleeding into a critical organ)

534

(5.9)

431 (4.7)

0.80 (0.70–0.91)

<0.001

All-cause mortality

378 (4.1)

313 (3.4)

0.82 (0.71–0.96)

0.01

Eikelboom JW et al. N Engl J Med 2017; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118; Bosch J et al. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33:1027–-1035

(23)

Study / treatment arm

Control

Interventio

n

HR

HR (95% CI)

p-value

%/year

%/year

COMPASS

1

*

Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg

BID

2.1*

1.8*

0.82

0.01

CHARISMA

2

Clopidogrel 75 mg OD

2.3

2.1

0.91

0.32

PEGASUS

3

Ticagrelor 60 mg BID

1.7

1.6

0.89

0.14

TRA 2°P–TIMI 50

4

Vorapaxar 2.5 mg OD

1.8

1.7

0.95

0.41

0,5

1

2

Rivaroxaban in Combination with Aspirin Improved Overall

Survival in Patients with CAD or PAD

Favours

intervention

Favours

control

1. Eikelboom JW et al. N Engl J Med 2017; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118; 2. Bhatt DL et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:1982–1988; 3. Bonaca MP et al. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1791–1800; 4. Morrow DA et al. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1404–1413

*Estimate calculated from overall % across 23 months of mean follow-up;

Estimate calculated from overall % across 28 months of median follow-up;

Estimate calculated from 3-year Kaplan-Meier event rates; only reporting ticagrelor 60 mg BID – indicated dose for patients with high atherothrombotic risk

(24)

22%

20%

21%

26%

16%

13%

9%

23%

Rivaroxaban Vascular Dose + Aspirin Provides Additional

Benefits to High Risk CAD Patients

Risk Reduction

MACE

All-cause Death

Lipid lowering

(1 mmol/L)

1

BP lowering

(10 mmHg)

2

ACEI

(HOPE)

3

+

Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg

bid + aspirin 100 mg

(COMPASS)

5

1. CTT Collaboration. Lancet 2015;385:1397–1405; 2. Ettehad D et al. Lancet 2016;387:957–967; 3. HOPE Investigators.

N Engl J Med. 2000;342:145–153; 5.Connolly SJ et al. Lancet 2018;391:205–218.

(25)

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