PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
JOÃO ABECASIS
Hospital Lusíadas Lisboa
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
MEDIDAS GERAIS - ESTILO DE VIDA
INTERVENÇÃO DEPENDENTE DE ACONSELHAMENTO CONJUGADO
▪
Cardiologista / Medicina Interna / MGF / Enfermagem (reabilitação) / Dietistas / Psicoterapeutas
CESSAÇÃO TABÁGICA
▪
36% de redução de mortalidade
▪
Intervenção comportamento / farmacológica (agonistas nicotina / vareniclina / buproprion)
DIETA
▪
DIETA MEDITERRÂNICA (10% gordura no aporte calórico)
▪
Na <5g/dia
▪
Fibra 30-45g/dia
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
MEDIDAS GERAIS - ESTILO DE VIDA
CONTROLO PONDERAL
Efeito indirecto de controlo dos FR convencionais
…Redução de peso em obesos e redução da mortalidade pós STEMI ?...
EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO / REABILITAÇÃO
▪
Pós EAM: todos os dts devem integrar um programa de reabilitação CENTRADO NO EXERCÍCIO
▪
Treino físico
▪
Modificação estilo vida
▪
Educação para a saúde
▪
Manejo stress emocional / profissional
▪
Apoio psicológico
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
MEDIDAS GERAIS - ESTILO DE VIDA
RETOMA DE ACTIVIDADES HABITUAIS
Retorno actividade laboral: BOM INDICADOR DE RECUPERAÇÃO
Actividade sexual como integrante de actividade física ligeira a moderada
Decisão individualizada
Deslocação aérea
CONTROLO TENSIONAL
▪
PAS<140mmHg: preferencial com iECA/ARA II (NSTEMI PAD<90mmHg / 85mmHg DM2 - 2015)
▪
Doentes de muito elevado risco e PAS <120mmHg
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
iECA / ARA II
NITRATOS
IC AGUDA / HTA GRAVE / ALÍVIO SINTOMÁTICO EM AMBULATÓRIO
Pós-Graduação em Medicina de Emergência
– Abordagem urgente das Síndromes Coronárias Agudas
PREVENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA APÓS SCA
◆
Previous MI
OR
◆
Stable angina or unstable angina with documented
multi-vessel CAD, >50% stenosis in at least 2 major coronary
arteries on coronary angiography, or positive stress test
(electrocardiogram) or nuclear perfusion scintigram
OR
◆
Multi-vessel percutaneous coronary intervention
OR
◆
Multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting surgery
within 1 week or at least 4 years ago or with recurrent
angina or ischemia at any time following surgery
◆
Previous aorto-femoral bypass surgery, limb bypass
surgery or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the
iliac or infrainguinal arteries
OR
◆
Previous limb or foot amputation for arterial vascular
disease*
OR
◆
History of intermittent claudication and either an
ankle/arm blood pressure ratio ≤0.90 or significant
peripheral artery stenosis (>50%) documented by
angiography or non-invasive testing by duplex
ultrasound
OR
◆
Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis
#>50% as
diagnosed by duplex ultrasound or angiography
COMPASS: Study Population
Definition of CAD
Definition of PAD
*i.e. excludes trauma; #i.e. no ipsilateral stroke or transient ischaemic attack within 6 months
With COMPASS, Rivaroxaban Has the Potential to Redefine
SoC for Patients with High Need for Improved CV Protection
Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban, low-dose rivaroxaban plus ASA or
ASA alone for reducing the risk of MI, stroke and cardiovascular death in CAD or PAD
Rivaroxaban 5.0 mg bid
± pantoprazole
‡ASA 100 mg od
± pantoprazole
‡Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid + ASA 100 mg od
± pantoprazole
‡30-day
washout
period*
30-day
run-in,
ASA 100 mg
Final
follow-up
visit
#R
Final
washout
period visit
1:1:1
N~27,400
Population:
Documented CAD
or PAD
FPFV: Q1-13
LPLV: Q2-17
Official study title: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Rivaroxaban for the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events
in Patients With Coronary or Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPASS - Cardiovascular OutcoMes for People Using
Anticoagulation StrategieS)
Indication:
CAD/PAD
Short design: Randomized, double-blind controlled trial
FPFV, first patient first visit; LPLV, last patient last visit
*Patients treated according to local standard of care; #≤30 days of the required prespecified number of events having occurred; ‡patients who were not receiving a proton pump inhibitor were randomized to pantoprazole or pantoprazole placebo
Dual Pathway Inhibition with Rivaroxaban Vascular Dose
2.5 mg BID + Aspirin Reduced Stroke, CV Death and MI
MACE* (%)
HR (95% CI)
p-value
Aspirin 100 mg OD
5.4
-
-Rivaroxaban 5 mg BID
4.9
0.90 (0.79-1.03)
0.12
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BID
+ aspirin 100 mg OD
4.1
0.76 (0.66-0.86)
<0.001
Eikelboom JW et al. N Engl J Med 2017;DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118
C
um
ul
at
iv
e
inci
dence
(
%)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
1
2
3
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BID + aspirin 100 mg OD
Rivaroxaban 5 mg BID
Aspirin 100 mg OD
*Rates as at mean follow up of 23 months
Number at risk Aspirin 100 mg OD 9,126 7,808 3,860 669 Riva 5 mg BID 9,117 7,824 3,862 670 Riva 2.5 mg BID + aspirin 100 mg OD9,152 7,904 3,912 658
Year
Significantly reduced the
combined risk of stroke, CV
Stroke and CV Death in CAD/PAD
Primary efficacy:
MACE*
Aspirin
n (%)
Riva 2.5 mg
BID + aspirin
n (%)
HR
HR (95% CI)
p-value
Overall CAD/PAD
496 (5.4)
379 (4.1)
0.76
<0.001
Stroke
142 (1.6)
83 (0.9)
0.58
<0.001
CV death
203 (2.2)
160 (1.7)
0.78
0.02
MI
205 (2.2)
178 (1.9)
0.86
0.14
CAD
460 (5.6)
347 (4.2)
0.74
<0.0001
PAD
174 (6.9)
126 (5.1)
0.72
<0.005
Eikelboom JW et al. ESC 2017. COMPASS trial: Primary Results. Abstract no. 1154; Available at: http://congress365.escardio.org/; Eikelboom JW et al. N Engl J Med 2017; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118 *Crude incidence over mean follow-up of 23 months
Favours
riva 2.5 mg
BID + aspirin
Favours
aspirin
alone
0,1
1
10
Pre-specified
PAD outcomes*
Aspirin
n (%)
Riva 2.5 mg
BID + aspirin
n (%)
HR
HR (95% CI)
p-value
CV death, stroke, MI
(MACE: major adverse
cardiac events)
174 (6.9)
126 (5.1)
0.72
0.005
Acute limb ischaemia
or chronic limb
ischaemia
(MALE: major adverse
limb events)
56 (2.2)
30 (1.2)
0.54
0.005
Major amputation
17 (0.7)
5 (0.2)
0.30
0.01
MACE or MALE or
major amputation
225 (9.0)
157 (6.3)
0.69
0.0003
Rivaroxaban is the Only Antithrombotic in Combination with
Aspirin that Prevented Amputations in Patients with PAD
Anand SS et al. ESC 2017. COMPASS trial: Results in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. Abstract no. 1157; Available at: http://congress365.escardio.org/; Anand SS et al. Lancet 2017 (Accepted)
Favours
riva 2.5 mg
BID + aspirin
Favours
aspirin
alone
0,1
1
10
Bleeding Rates
Crude incidence over mean
follow-up of 23 months
Aspirin
n (%)
Riva 2.5 mg
BID
+ aspirin
n (%)
HR (95% CI)
p-value
Primary safety: major bleeding
170
(1.9)
288 (3.1)
1.70 (1.40–2.05)
<0.001
Fatal bleeding
†10 (0.1)
15 (0.2)
1.49 (0.67–3.33)
0.32
Non-fatal symptomatic ICH
19 (0.2)
21 (0.2)
1.10 (0.59–2.04)
0.77
Non-fatal, non-ICH, symptomatic
bleeding into a critical organ
29 (0.3)
42 (0.5)
1.43 (0.89–2.29)
0.14
Other major bleeding leading to
hospitalisation
112
(1.2)
210 (2.3)
1.88 (1.49–2.36)
<0.001
Pre-specified net clinical benefit
(CV death, stroke, MI, fatal bleeding, or
symptomatic bleeding into a critical organ)
534
(5.9)
431 (4.7)
0.80 (0.70–0.91)
<0.001
All-cause mortality
378 (4.1)
313 (3.4)
0.82 (0.71–0.96)
0.01
Eikelboom JW et al. N Engl J Med 2017; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118; Bosch J et al. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33:1027–-1035
Bleeding Rates
Crude incidence over mean
follow-up of 23 months
Aspirin
n (%)
Riva 2.5 mg
BID
+ aspirin
n (%)
HR (95% CI)
p-value
Primary safety: major bleeding
170
(1.9)
288 (3.1)
1.70 (1.40–2.05)
<0.001
Fatal bleeding
†10 (0.1)
15 (0.2)
1.49 (0.67–3.33)
0.32
Non-fatal symptomatic ICH
19 (0.2)
21 (0.2)
1.10 (0.59–2.04)
0.77
Non-fatal, non-ICH, symptomatic
bleeding into a critical organ
29 (0.3)
42 (0.5)
1.43 (0.89–2.29)
0.14
Other major bleeding leading to
hospitalisation
112
(1.2)
210 (2.3)
1.88 (1.49–2.36)
<0.001
Pre-specified net clinical benefit
(CV death, stroke, MI, fatal bleeding, or
symptomatic bleeding into a critical organ)
534
(5.9)
431 (4.7)
0.80 (0.70–0.91)
<0.001
All-cause mortality
378 (4.1)
313 (3.4)
0.82 (0.71–0.96)
0.01
Eikelboom JW et al. N Engl J Med 2017; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118; Bosch J et al. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33:1027–-1035
Bleeding Rates
Crude incidence over mean
follow-up of 23 months
Aspirin
n (%)
Riva 2.5 mg
BID
+ aspirin
n (%)
HR (95% CI)
p-value
Primary safety: major bleeding
170
(1.9)
288 (3.1)
1.70 (1.40–2.05)
<0.001
Fatal bleeding
†10 (0.1)
15 (0.2)
1.49 (0.67–3.33)
0.32
Non-fatal symptomatic ICH
19 (0.2)
21 (0.2)
1.10 (0.59–2.04)
0.77
Non-fatal, non-ICH, symptomatic
bleeding into a critical organ
29 (0.3)
42 (0.5)
1.43 (0.89–2.29)
0.14
Other major bleeding leading to
hospitalisation
112
(1.2)
210 (2.3)
1.88 (1.49–2.36)
<0.001
Pre-specified net clinical benefit
(CV death, stroke, MI, fatal bleeding, or
symptomatic bleeding into a critical organ)
534
(5.9)
431 (4.7)
0.80 (0.70–0.91)
<0.001
All-cause mortality
378 (4.1)
313 (3.4)
0.82 (0.71–0.96)
0.01
Eikelboom JW et al. N Engl J Med 2017; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118; Bosch J et al. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33:1027–-1035
Study / treatment arm
Control
Interventio
n
HR
HR (95% CI)
p-value
%/year
%/year
COMPASS
1*
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg
BID
2.1*
1.8*
0.82
0.01
CHARISMA
2Clopidogrel 75 mg OD
2.3
†2.1
†0.91
0.32
PEGASUS
3Ticagrelor 60 mg BID
1.7
‡1.6
‡0.89
0.14
TRA 2°P–TIMI 50
4Vorapaxar 2.5 mg OD
1.8
‡1.7
‡0.95
0.41
0,5
1
2
Rivaroxaban in Combination with Aspirin Improved Overall
Survival in Patients with CAD or PAD
Favours
intervention
Favours
control
1. Eikelboom JW et al. N Engl J Med 2017; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709118; 2. Bhatt DL et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:1982–1988; 3. Bonaca MP et al. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1791–1800; 4. Morrow DA et al. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1404–1413
*Estimate calculated from overall % across 23 months of mean follow-up;
†Estimate calculated from overall % across 28 months of median follow-up;
‡Estimate calculated from 3-year Kaplan-Meier event rates; only reporting ticagrelor 60 mg BID – indicated dose for patients with high atherothrombotic risk
22%
20%
21%
26%
16%
13%
9%
23%
Rivaroxaban Vascular Dose + Aspirin Provides Additional
Benefits to High Risk CAD Patients
Risk Reduction
MACE
All-cause Death
Lipid lowering
(1 mmol/L)
1
BP lowering
(10 mmHg)
2
ACEI
(HOPE)
3
+
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg
bid + aspirin 100 mg
(COMPASS)
5
1. CTT Collaboration. Lancet 2015;385:1397–1405; 2. Ettehad D et al. Lancet 2016;387:957–967; 3. HOPE Investigators.
N Engl J Med. 2000;342:145–153; 5.Connolly SJ et al. Lancet 2018;391:205–218.