Observation of Associated Near-Side and Away-Side Long-Range Correlations in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=5.02  TeV Proton-Lead Collisions with the ATLAS Detector

arXiv:1212.5198v3 [hep-ex] 19 Apr 2013

EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)

CERN-PH-EP-2012-366

Submitted to: Phys. Rev. Lett.

Observation of Associated Near-side and Away-side Long-range

Correlations in

√

s

_NN

= 5.02 TeV

Proton–lead Collisions with

the ATLAS Detector

The ATLAS Collaboration

Abstract

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (

∆φ

) and pseudorapidity (

∆η

) are measured

in

√

s

= 5.02 TeV p

+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are

performed using approximately 1

µb

of data as a function of transverse momentum (

p

T

) and the

transverse energy (

ΣE

T

) summed over

3.1 < η < 4.9

in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation

function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (

_{2 < |∆η| < 5}

) near-side (

_{∆φ ∼ 0}

)

correlation that grows rapidly with increasing

ΣE

T

. A long-range away-side (

∆φ ∼ π

) correlation,

obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated

using events with small

ΣE

T

, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in

∆η

and

∆φ

) and

ΣE

T

dependence. The resultant

∆φ

correlation is approximately symmetric about

π/2

,

and is consistent with a dominant

cos 2∆φ

modulation for all

ΣE

Observation of Associated Near-side and Away-side Long-range Correlations in

√

s

= 5.02 TeV Proton–lead Collisions with the ATLAS Detector

ATLAS Collaboration

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (∆φ) and pseudorapidity (∆η) are measured in √sNN = 5.02 TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements

are performed using approximately 1 µb−1 _{of data as a function of transverse momentum (p} T)

and the transverse energy (ΣEPb

T ) summed over 3.1 < η < 4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam.

The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2 < |∆η| < 5) near-side (∆φ ∼ 0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣEPb

T . A long-range away-side

(∆φ ∼ π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣEPb

T , is found to match the near-side correlation

in magnitude, shape (in ∆η and ∆φ) and ΣEPb

T dependence. The resultant ∆φ correlation is

approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos 2∆φ modulation for all ΣEPb

T ranges and particle pT.

PACS numbers: 25.75.-q

Proton–nucleus (p+A) collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) provide both an interesting environment for the study of QCD at high parton density and impor-tant baseline measurements, especially for the

interpre-tation of results from the LHC Pb+Pb program [1]. In

particular, it has been suggested that p+Pb collisions at LHC energies are an important system for the study of a possible saturation of the growth of parton densities at low Bjorken-x.

High-multiplicity events provide a rich environment for studying observables associated with high parton densi-ties in hadronic collisions. An important tool to probe the physics of these events is the two-particle correlation function measured in terms of the relative pseudorapid-ity (∆η) and azimuthal angle (∆φ) of selected particle pairs, C(∆η, ∆φ). The first studies of two-particle cor-relation functions in the highest-multiplicity p + p

colli-sions at the LHC [2] showed an enhanced production of

pairs of particles at ∆φ ∼ 0, with the correlation extend-ing over a wide range in ∆η, a feature frequently referred to as a “ridge.” Many of the physics mechanisms pro-posed to explain the p + p ridge, including multi-parton

interactions [3], parton saturation [4–6], and collective

expansion of the final state [7], are also expected to be

relevant in p+Pb collisions. A recent measurement by

the CMS collaboration [8] has demonstrated that a ridge

is clearly visible over |∆η| < 4 in high-multiplicity p+Pb collisions at the LHC. During final preparation of this Letter, the ALICE collaboration submitted a Letter ad-dressing similar physics, within the range |∆η| < 1.8,

with some differences in the analysis technique [9].

To provide further insight into the physical origin of these long-range correlations, this Letter presents ATLAS measurements of two-particle angular correla-tions over |∆η| < 5 in p+Pb collisions, based on an

in-tegrated luminosity of approximately 1 µb−1 _recorded

during a short run in September 2012. The LHC was configured with a 4 TeV proton beam and a 1.57 TeV

per-nucleon Pb beam that together produced collisions

with a nucleon–nucleon center-of-mass energy of √sNN=

5.02 TeV and a rapidity shift of −0.47 relative to the

ATLAS rest frame [10].

The measurements presented in this Letter are per-formed using the ATLAS inner detector (ID), forward calorimeters (FCal), minimum-bias trigger scintillators (MBTS), and the trigger and data acquisition

sys-tems [11]. The ID measures charged particles within

|η| < 2.5 using a combination of silicon pixel detectors, silicon micro-strip detectors, and a straw-tube transi-tion radiatransi-tion tracker, all immersed in a 2 T axial

mag-netic field [12]. The MBTS detect charged particles over

2.1 < |η| < 3.9 using two hodoscopes of 16 counters posi-tioned at z = ±3.6 m. The FCal consists of two sections that cover 3.1 < |η| < 4.9. The FCal modules are com-posed of tungsten and copper absorbers with liquid argon as the active medium, which together provide 10 interac-tion lengths of material. Minimum-bias p+Pb collisions are selected by a trigger that requires a signal in at least two MBTS counters.

The p+Pb events used for this analysis are required to have a reconstructed vertex containing at least two

associated tracks, with its z position satisfying |zvtx| <

150 mm. Non-collision backgrounds and photonuclear interactions are suppressed by requiring at least one hit in a MBTS counter on each side of the interaction point, and the difference between times measured on the two sides to be less than 10 ns. Events containing multi-ple p+Pb collisions (pileup) are suppressed by rejecting events with two reconstructed vertices that are separated in z by more than 15 mm. The residual pileup fraction is

estimated to be . 10−4_{. About 1.95 million events pass}

these event selection criteria.

Charged particle tracks are reconstructed in the ID us-ing an algorithm optimized for p + p minimum-bias

mea-surements [13]. In this analysis, the tracks are required

in the silicon detectors (out of a typical value of 11), and a hit in the first pixel layer when one is expected. In

addition, the transverse (d0) and longitudinal (z0sin θ)

impact parameters of the tracks measured with respect to the primary vertex are required to be less than 1.5 mm

and to satisfy |d0/σd0| < 3 and |z0sin θ/σz| < 3,

re-spectively, where σd0 and σzare uncertainties on d0 and

z0sin θ obtained from the track-fit covariance matrix.

The efficiency, ǫ(pT, η), for track reconstruction and

track selection cuts is evaluated using p+Pb Monte Carlo

events produced with the HIJING event generator [14]

with a center-of-mass boost matching the beam condi-tions. The response of the detector is simulated using

GEANT4 [15, 16] and the resulting events are

recon-structed with the same algorithms as applied to the data.

The efficiency increases with pT by 6% between 0.3 and

0.5 GeV, and varies only weakly for pT> 0.5 GeV, where

it ranges from 82% at η = 0 to 70% at |η| = 2 and 60% at |η| > 2.4. It is also found to vary by less than 2% over

the range of ΣEPb

T observed in the p+Pb data.

The two-particle correlation (2PC) analyses are

per-formed in different intervals of ΣEPb

T, the sum of

trans-verse energy measured in the FCal with 3.1 < η < 4.9 (in the z-direction of the lead beam) with no correction for the difference in response to electrons and hadrons.

The distribution of ΣEPb

T for events passing all

selec-tion criteria is shown in Fig. 1. These events are

di-vided into 12 ΣEPb

T intervals (indicated by vertical lines

in Fig. 1) to study the variation of 2PC with overall

event activity. Two larger intervals, ΣEPb

T > 80 GeV and

ΣEPb

T < 20 GeV, containing 2% and 52% of the events,

respectively, hereafter referred to as “central” and “pe-ripheral,” are used for detailed studies of the 2PC at

high and low overall event activity. The quantity ΣEPb

T instead of charged particle multiplicity is used to char-acterize the event activity, since the latter is observed to have strong correlations with the 2PC measurements, particularly for events selected with low and high

multi-plicities. However, for reference, the average (hNchi) and

the standard deviation (σNch) of the efficiency-corrected

multiplicity of charged particles with pT> 0.4 GeV and

|η| < 2.5 have been calculated for each ΣEPb

T range,

yield-ing hNchi = 150 ± 7, σNch= 35 ± 2 for central events and

hNchi = 25 ± 1, σNch = 18 ± 1 for peripheral events.

The correlation functions are given [17–19] by:

C(∆φ, ∆η) = S(∆φ, ∆η)

B(∆φ, ∆η) , C(∆φ) =

S(∆φ)

B(∆φ), (1)

where ∆φ = φa− φb and ∆η = ηa− ηb and S and B

rep-resent pair distributions constructed from the same event

and from “mixed events,” [20] respectively. The labels a

and b denote the two particles in the pair (convention-ally referred to as “trigger” and “associated” particles,

respectively [8]), which may be selected from different

pTintervals. The mixed-event distribution, B(∆φ, ∆η),

that measures uncorrelated pair yields was constructed

[GeV] Pb T E Σ 0 50 100 150 ] -1 [GeV Pb T E Σ /d evt ) dN evt (1/N -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 Central Peripheral ATLAS p+Pb s_NN = 5.02 TeV,

∫

FIG. 1. Distribution of ΣEPb

T for minimum-bias p+Pb events.

Vertical lines indicate the boundaries of the event activity classes. Shaded bands indicate the larger peripheral and cen-tral intervals having ΣEPb

T < 20 GeV and ΣE

Pb

T > 80 GeV,

respectively.

by choosing pairs of particles from different events of

similar zvtx and track multiplicity, to match the

ef-fects of detector acceptance, occupancy, and material

on S(∆φ, ∆η), and of similar ΣEPb

T. The 1D

distri-butions S(∆φ) and B(∆φ) are obtained by integrating S(∆φ, ∆η) and B(∆φ, ∆η), respectively, over 2 < |∆η| < 5. This |∆η| range is chosen to focus on the long-range features of the correlation functions. The normalization of C(∆φ, ∆η) is chosen such that the ∆φ-averaged value of C(∆φ) is unity. To correct S(∆φ, ∆η) and B(∆φ, ∆η) for the inefficiencies, each particle is weighted by the in-verse of the tracking efficiency. Remaining detector dis-tortions not accounted for in the efficiency largely cancel in the same-event to mixed-event ratio.

Examples of 2D correlation functions are shown in

Figs.2(a) and2(b) for charged particles with 0.5 < pa,b_T <

4 GeV in peripheral and central events. The correlation function for peripheral events shows a sharp peak cen-tered at (∆φ, ∆η) = (0, 0) due to pairs originating from the same jet, Bose-Einstein correlations, as well as

high-pT resonance decays, and a broad structure at ∆φ ∼ π

from dijets, low-pT resonances, and momentum

conser-vation that is collectively referred to as “recoil” in the remainder of this Letter. In the central events, the cor-relation function reveals a ridge-like structure at ∆φ ∼ 0 (the “near-side”) that extends over the full measured ∆η range, with an amplitude of a few percent. The distri-bution at ∆φ ∼ π (the “away-side”) is also broadened relative to peripheral events, consistent with the pres-ence of a long-range component in addition to that seen in peripheral events.

The strength of the long-range component is quantified by the “per-trigger yield,” Y (∆φ), which measures the average number of particles correlated with each trigger

particle, folded into the 0 − π range [2,17–19]:

Y (∆φ) = R B(∆φ)d∆φ

πNa



φ ∆ 0 2 4 η ∆ ) η∆, φ∆ C( 1 1.1 -4 -2 0 2 4 (a) φ ∆ 0 2 4 η ∆ ) η∆ , φ∆ C( 1 1.04 -4 -2 0 2 4 (b) ATLAS p+Pb sNN=5.02 TeV -1 b µ 1 ≈ L ∫ 0.5<pa,b_T<4 GeV <20 GeV Pb T E Σ ΣEPbT>80 GeV | φ ∆ | 0 1 2 3 ) φ∆ Y( 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 (c) ATLAS -1 b µ 1 ≈ L ∫ =5.02 TeV, NN s p+Pb |<5 η ∆ <4 GeV, 2<| a,b T 0.5<p >80 GeV Pb T E Σ <20 GeV Pb T E Σ =14.3 C ZYAM b =3.2 P ZYAM b [GeV] 〉 Pb T E Σ 〈 0 50 100 int Y 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 /3 π |< φ ∆ Near: | /3 π |>2 φ ∆ Away: | Difference ATLAS -1 b µ 1 ≈ L ∫ =5.02 TeV, NN s p+Pb |<5 η ∆ <4 GeV, 2<| a,b T 0.5<p _(d)

FIG. 2. Two-dimensional correlation functions for (a) pe-ripheral events and (b) central events, both with a truncated maximum to suppress the large correlation at (∆η, ∆φ) = (0, 0); (c) the per-trigger yield ∆φ distribution together with pedestal levels for peripheral (bP

ZYAM) and central (b

C

ZYAM)

events, and (d) integrated per-trigger yield as function of ΣEPb

T for pairs in 2 < |∆η| < 5. The shaded boxes represent

the systematic uncertainties, and the statistical uncertainties are smaller than the symbols.

where Na denotes the number of efficiency-weighted

trig-ger particles, and bZYAM represents the pedestal arising

from uncorrelated pairs. The parameter bZYAM is

deter-mined via a zero-yield-at-minimum (ZYAM) method [17,

21] in which a second-order polynomial fit to C(∆φ) is

used to find the location of the minimum point, ∆φ_ZYAM,

and from this to determine bZYAM. The stability of the

fit is studied by varying the ∆φ fit range. The

uncer-tainty in bZYAM depends on the local curvature around

∆φZYAM, and is estimated to be 0.03%–0.1% of the

min-imum value of C(∆φ). At high pT where the number of

measured counts is low, this uncertainty is of the same order as the statistical uncertainty.

The systematic uncertainties due to the tracking effi-ciency are found to be negligible for C(∆φ), since de-tector effects largely cancel in the correlation function ratio. However Y (∆φ) is sensitive to the uncertainty on the tracking efficiency correction for the associated particles. This uncertainty is estimated by varying the track quality cuts and the detector material in the simu-lation, re-analyzing the data using corresponding Monte Carlo efficiencies and evaluating the change in the ex-tracted Y (∆φ). The resulting uncertainty on Y (∆φ) is estimated to be 2.5% due to the track selection and 2%– 3% related to the limited knowledge of detector material.

The analysis procedure is validated by measuring

corre-lation functions in fully simulated HIJING events [15,16]

and comparing it to the correlations measured using the generated particles. The agreement is better than 2% for C(∆φ) and better than 3% for Y (∆φ).

Figure 2(c) shows the Y (∆φ) distributions for 2 <

|∆η| < 5 in peripheral and central events separately. The yield for the peripheral events has an approximate 1−cos ∆φ shape with an away-side maximum, character-istic of a recoil contribution. In contrast, the yield in the central events has near-side and away-side peaks with the away-side peak having a larger magnitude. These features are consistent with the onset of a significant cos 2∆φ component in the distribution. To quantify fur-ther the properties of these long-range components, the distributions are integrated over |∆φ| < π/3 and |∆φ| >

2π/3, and plotted as a function of ΣEPb

T in Fig. 2(d).

The near-side yield is close to 0 for ΣEPb

T < 20 GeV

and increases with ΣEPb

T , consistent with the CMS

re-sult [8]. The away-side yield shows a similar variation as

a function of ΣEPb

T , except that it starts at a value

signif-icantly above zero, even for events with low ΣEPb

T. The

yield difference between these two regions is found to be

approximately independent of ΣEPb

T, indicating that the

growth in the yield with increasing ΣEPb

T is the same on

the near-side and away-side.

To further investigate the connection between the near-side and away-near-side, the Y (∆φ) distributions for

periph-eral and central events are shown in Fig.3in various pa

T

ranges with 0.5 < pb

T< 4 GeV. Distributions of the

dif-ference between central and peripheral yields, ∆Y (∆φ), are also shown in this Figure. This difference is ob-served to be nearly symmetric around ∆φ = π/2. To illustrate this symmetry, the ∆Y (∆φ) distributions in

Fig.3 are overlaid with functions a0+ 2a2cos 2∆φ and

a0+ 2a2cos 2∆φ + 2a3cos 3∆φ, with the coefficients

cal-culated as an= h∆Y (∆φ) cos n∆φi. Using only the a0

and a2 terms describes the ∆Y distributions reasonably

well, indicating that the long-range component of the two-particle correlations can be approximately described by a recoil contribution plus a ∆φ-symmetric component.

The inclusion of the a3term improves slightly the

agree-ment with the data.

The near-side and away-side yields integrated over

|∆φ| < π/3 and |∆φ| > 2π/3, respectively (Yint), and

the differences between those integrated yields in central

and peripheral events (∆Yint) are shown in Fig. 4 as a

function of paT. The yields are shown separately for the

two ΣEPb

T ranges in panels (a)–(b) and the differences

are shown in panels (c)–(d). Qualitatively, the

differ-ences have a similar pa

T dependence and magnitude on

the near-side and away-side; they rise with pa

Tand reach

a maximum around 3–4 GeV. This pattern is visible for the near-side even before subtraction, as shown in panel (a), but is less evident in the unsubtracted away-side due to the dominant contribution of the recoil component.

0 1 2 3 ) φ∆ Y( 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 ATLAS p+Pb sNN=5.02 TeV |<5 η ∆ , 2<| -1 b µ 1 ≈ L ∫ <4 GeV b T 0.5<p a<0.5 GeV T 0.3<p =14.5 C ZYAM b =3.0 P ZYAM b 0 1 2 3 0 0.2 0.4 > 80 GeV Pb T E Σ < 20 GeV Pb T E Σ Difference <1 GeV a T 0.5<p =14.4 C ZYAM b =3.1 P ZYAM b 0 1 2 3 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 a<2 GeV T 1<p =14.3 C ZYAM b =3.3 P ZYAM b 0 1 2 3 0 0.5 1 <3 GeV a T 2<p =14.1 C ZYAM b =3.4 P ZYAM b | φ ∆ | 0 1 2 3 0 0.5 1 <4 GeV a T 3<p =14.1 C ZYAM b =3.5 P ZYAM b | φ ∆ | 0 1 2 3 0 0.5 1 1.5 a_{<5 GeV} T 4<p =14.1 C ZYAM b =3.5 P ZYAM b

FIG. 3. Distributions of per-trigger yield in the peripheral and the central event activity classes and their differences (solid symbols), for different ranges of pa

T and 0.5 < p b

T< 4 GeV,

together with functions a0 + 2a2cos 2∆φ (solid line) and

a0+ 2a2cos 2∆φ + 2a3cos 3∆φ (dashed line) obtained via a

Fourier decomposition (see text). The values for the ZYAM-determined pedestal levels are indicated on each panel for peripheral (bP

ZYAM) and central (b

C

ZYAM) ΣE Pb

T bins.

A similar dependence is observed for long-range corre-lations in Pb+Pb collisions at approximately the same

pT[22,23].

The relative amplitude of the cos n∆φ modulation of

∆Y (∆φ), cn, for n = 2, 3 can be estimated using an, and

the extracted value of bZYAM for central events:

cn= an/(bCZYAM+ a0). (3)

Figure 4(e) shows c2 and c3 as a function of paT for

0.5 < pb

T < 4 GeV. The value of c2 is much larger

than c3 and exhibits a behavior similar to ∆Y (∆φ)

at the near-side and away-side. Using the

tech-niques discussed in Ref. [23], cn can be converted

into an estimate of sn, the average nth Fourier

coef-ficient of the event-by-event single-particle φ

distribu-tion, by assuming the factorization relation cn(paT, pbT) =

sn(paT)sn(pbT). From this, sn(paT) is calculated as

sn(pa_T) = cn(pa_T, pb_T)/

q

cn(pb_T, pb_T), where cn(pb_T, pb_T) is

obtained from Eq. (3) using the an extracted from the

difference between the central and peripheral data shown

in Fig. 2(c). The s2(paT) values obtained this way

ex-ceed 0.1 at pT ∼ 2–4 GeV, as shown in Fig. 4(f). The

s3(paT) values are smaller than s2(paT) over the measured

pT range. The factorization relation used to compute

s2(paT) is found to be valid within 10%–20% when

select-int Y 0 0.2 0.4 ATLAS p+Pb -1 b µ 1 ≈ L ∫ =5.02 TeV, NN s < 4 GeV b T 0.5 < p | < 5 η ∆ 2 < | (a) /3 π |< φ ∆ | 0 0.5 1 1.5 ΣEPbT > 80 GeV < 20 GeV Pb T E Σ Difference (b) /3 π |>2 φ ∆ | [GeV] a T p 0 2 4 6 int Y ∆ 0 0.2 0.4 (c) /3 π |< φ ∆ | [GeV] a T p 0 2 4 6 0 0.2 0.4 (d) /3 π |>2 φ ∆ | [GeV] a T p 0 2 4 6 n c 0 0.005 0.01 n = 2 n = 3 ATLAS p+Pb =5.02 TeV NN s -1 b µ 1 ≈ L ∫ > 80 GeV Pb T E Σ |<5 η ∆ 2<| <4 GeV b T 0.5<p (e) [GeV] a T p 0 2 4 6 n s 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 n = 2 n = 3 ATLAS p+Pb =5.02 TeV NN s -1 b µ 1 ≈ L ∫ > 80 GeV Pb T E Σ |<5 η ∆ 2<| <4 GeV b T 0.5<p (f)

FIG. 4. Integrated per-trigger yields, Yint(see text), vs paT

for 0.5 < pb

T < 4 GeV in peripheral and central events, on

the (a) near-side and (b) away-side. The panels (c) and (d) show the difference, ∆Yint. Panels (e) and (f) show the pT

dependence of cn and sn for n=2,3, respectively. The error

bars and shaded boxes represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively.

ing different sub-ranges of pb

Twithin 0.5–4 GeV, while the

precision of s3(paT) data does not allow a quantitative test

of the factorization. The analysis is also repeated for cor-relation functions separately constructed from like-sign

pairs and unlike-sign pairs, and the resulting cn and sn

coefficients are found to be consistent within their statis-tical and systematic uncertainties.

In summary, ATLAS has measured two-particle

corre-lation functions in √sNN= 5.02 TeV p+Pb collisions in

different intervals of ΣEPb

T over 2 < |∆η| < 5. An

away-side contribution is observed that grows rapidly with

in-creasing ΣEPb

T and which matches many essential features

of the near-side ridge observed here, as well as in previ-ous high-multiplicity p + p, p+Pb and Pb+Pb data at the LHC. Thus, while the ridge in p + p and p+Pb colli-sions has been characterized as a near-side phenomenon, these results show that it has both near-side and away-side components that are symmetric around ∆φ ∼ π/2, with a ∆φ dependence that is approximately described by a cos 2∆φ modulation. A Fourier decomposition of the correlation function, C(∆φ), yields a pair cos 2∆φ

amplitude of about 0.01 at pT ∼ 3 GeV,

findings are obtained independently by the ALICE

col-laboration [9], albeit over a more restricted phase space

(|∆η| < 1.8 and pT<2–4 GeV). The two results are found

to be consistent within this common region.

Some of the features of the data, including the pres-ence of an away-side component, are qualitatively

pre-dicted in the Color Glass Condensate approach [6] which

models saturation of the parton distribution in the Pb nucleus. The estimated amplitudes of the modulation on the single-particle level are also found to be comparable

in magnitude and pTdependence to similar modulations

observed in heavy-ion collisions, commonly attributed to

collective expansion of the hot, dense matter [23]. Thus,

although the original motivation for this work was to study the possible effects of high parton density in the initial state of p+Pb collisions, the results presented here are also consistent with contributions of final-state

col-lective effects in high-multiplicity events [24,25].

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONI-CYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIEN-CIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Founda-tion, Denmark; EPLANET and ERC, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Geor-gia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Rus-sia and ROSATOM, RusRus-sian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Can-tons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Lever-hulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.

The crucial computing support from all WLCG part-ners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Tai-wan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 fa-cilities worldwide.

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ATLAS COLLABORATION

G. Aad48_{, T. Abajyan}21_{, B. Abbott}111_{, J. Abdallah}12_{, S. Abdel Khalek}115_{, A.A. Abdelalim}49_{, O. Abdinov}11_,

R. Aben105_{, B. Abi}112_{, M. Abolins}88_{, O.S. AbouZeid}158_{, H. Abramowicz}153_{, H. Abreu}136_{, B.S. Acharya}164a,164b,a_,

L. Adamczyk38_{, D.L. Adams}25_{, T.N. Addy}56_{, J. Adelman}176_{, S. Adomeit}98_{, P. Adragna}75_{, T. Adye}129_,

S. Aefsky23_{, J.A. Aguilar-Saavedra}124b,b_{, M. Agustoni}17_{, S.P. Ahlen}22_{, F. Ahles}48_{, A. Ahmad}148_{, M. Ahsan}41_,

G. Aielli133a,133b_{, T.P.A. ˚Akesson}79_{, G. Akimoto}155_{, A.V. Akimov}94_{, M.A. Alam}76_{, J. Albert}169_{, S. Albrand}55_,

M. Aleksa30_{, I.N. Aleksandrov}64_{, F. Alessandria}89a_{, C. Alexa}26a_{, G. Alexander}153_{, G. Alexandre}49_{, T. Alexopoulos}10_,

M. Alhroob164a,164c_{, M. Aliev}16_{, G. Alimonti}89a_{, J. Alison}120_{, B.M.M. Allbrooke}18_{, L.J. Allison}71_{, P.P. Allport}73_,

S.E. Allwood-Spiers53_{, J. Almond}82_{, A. Aloisio}102a,102b_{, R. Alon}172_{, A. Alonso}36_{, F. Alonso}70_{, A. Altheimer}35_{, B.}

Al-varez Gonzalez88_{, M.G. Alviggi}102a,102b_{, K. Amako}65_{, C. Amelung}23_{, V.V. Ammosov}128,∗_{, S.P. Amor Dos Santos}124a_,

A. Amorim124a,c_{, S. Amoroso}48_{, N. Amram}153_{, C. Anastopoulos}30_{, L.S. Ancu}17_{, N. Andari}115_{, T. Andeen}35_,

C.F. Anders58b_{, G. Anders}58a_{, K.J. Anderson}31_{, A. Andreazza}89a,89b_{, V. Andrei}58a_{, X.S. Anduaga}70_{, S. Angelidakis}9_,

P. Anger44_{, A. Angerami}35_{, F. Anghinolfi}30_{, A. Anisenkov}107_{, N. Anjos}124a_{, A. Annovi}47_{, A. Antonaki}9_,

M. Antonelli47_{, A. Antonov}96_{, J. Antos}144b_{, F. Anulli}132a_{, M. Aoki}101_{, L. Aperio Bella}5_{, R. Apolle}118,d_{, G. Arabidze}88_,

I. Aracena143_{, Y. Arai}65_{, A.T.H. Arce}45_{, S. Arfaoui}148_{, J-F. Arguin}93_{, S. Argyropoulos}42_{, E. Arik}19a,∗_{, M. Arik}19a_,

A.J. Armbruster87, O. Arnaez81, V. Arnal80, A. Artamonov95, G. Artoni132a,132b, D. Arutinov21, S. Asai155,

S. Ask28, B. ˚Asman146a,146b, L. Asquith6, K. Assamagan25,e, R. Astalos144a, A. Astbury169, M. Atkinson165,

B. Auerbach6, E. Auge115, K. Augsten126, M. Aurousseau145a, G. Avolio30, D. Axen168, G. Azuelos93,f,

Y. Azuma155_{, M.A. Baak}30_{, G. Baccaglioni}89a_{, C. Bacci}134a,134b_{, A.M. Bach}15_{, H. Bachacou}136_{, K. Bachas}154_,

M. Backes49_{, M. Backhaus}21_{, J. Backus Mayes}143_{, E. Badescu}26a_{, P. Bagnaia}132a,132b_{, Y. Bai}33a_{, D.C. Bailey}158_,

T. Bain35_{, J.T. Baines}129_{, O.K. Baker}176_{, S. Baker}77_{, P. Balek}127_{, F. Balli}136_{, E. Banas}39_{, P. Banerjee}93_,

Sw. Banerjee173_{, D. Banfi}30_{, A. Bangert}150_{, V. Bansal}169_{, H.S. Bansil}18_{, L. Barak}172_{, S.P. Baranov}94_{, T. Barber}48_,

E.L. Barberio86_{, D. Barberis}50a,50b_{, M. Barbero}83_{, D.Y. Bardin}64_{, T. Barillari}99_{, M. Barisonzi}175_{, T. Barklow}143_,

N. Barlow28_{, B.M. Barnett}129_{, R.M. Barnett}15_{, A. Baroncelli}134a_{, G. Barone}49_{, A.J. Barr}118_{, F. Barreiro}80_,

J. Barreiro Guimar˜aes da Costa57_{, R. Bartoldus}143_{, A.E. Barton}71_{, V. Bartsch}149_{, A. Basye}165_{, R.L. Bates}53_,

L. Batkova144a_{, J.R. Batley}28_{, A. Battaglia}17_{, M. Battistin}30_{, F. Bauer}136_{, H.S. Bawa}143,g_{, S. Beale}98_{, T. Beau}78_,

P.H. Beauchemin161_{, R. Beccherle}50a_{, P. Bechtle}21_{, H.P. Beck}17_{, K. Becker}175_{, S. Becker}98_{, M. Beckingham}138_,

K.H. Becks175_{, A.J. Beddall}19c_{, A. Beddall}19c_{, S. Bedikian}176_{, V.A. Bednyakov}64_{, C.P. Bee}83_{, L.J. Beemster}105_,

T.A. Beermann175_{, M. Begel}25_{, S. Behar Harpaz}152_{, C. Belanger-Champagne}85_{, P.J. Bell}49_{, W.H. Bell}49_,

G. Bella153_{, L. Bellagamba}20a_{, M. Bellomo}30_{, A. Belloni}57_{, O. Beloborodova}107,h_{, K. Belotskiy}96_{, O. Beltramello}30_,

O. Benary153_{, D. Benchekroun}135a_{, K. Bendtz}146a,146b_{, N. Benekos}165_{, Y. Benhammou}153_{, E. Benhar Noccioli}49_,

J.A. Benitez Garcia159b_{, D.P. Benjamin}45_{, M. Benoit}115_{, J.R. Bensinger}23_{, K. Benslama}130_{, S. Bentvelsen}105_,

D. Berge30_{, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann}42_{, N. Berger}5_{, F. Berghaus}169_{, E. Berglund}105_{, J. Beringer}15_{, P. Bernat}77_,

R. Bernhard48_{, C. Bernius}25_{, F.U. Bernlochner}169_{, T. Berry}76_{, C. Bertella}83_{, A. Bertin}20a,20b_{, F. Bertolucci}122a,122b_,

M.I. Besana89a,89b_{, G.J. Besjes}104_{, N. Besson}136_{, S. Bethke}99_{, W. Bhimji}46_{, R.M. Bianchi}30_{, L. Bianchini}23_,

M. Bianco72a,72b_{, O. Biebel}98_{, S.P. Bieniek}77_{, K. Bierwagen}54_{, J. Biesiada}15_{, M. Biglietti}134a_{, H. Bilokon}47_,

M. Bindi20a,20b_{, S. Binet}115_{, A. Bingul}19c_{, C. Bini}132a,132b_{, C. Biscarat}178_{, B. Bittner}99_{, C.W. Black}150_{, J.E. Black}143_,

K.M. Black22_{, R.E. Blair}6_{, J.-B. Blanchard}136_{, T. Blazek}144a_{, I. Bloch}42_{, C. Blocker}23_{, J. Blocki}39_{, W. Blum}81_,

U. Blumenschein54_{, G.J. Bobbink}105_{, V.S. Bobrovnikov}107_{, S.S. Bocchetta}79_{, A. Bocci}45_{, C.R. Boddy}118_{, M. Boehler}48_,

J. Boek175_{, T.T. Boek}175_{, N. Boelaert}36_{, J.A. Bogaerts}30_{, A. Bogdanchikov}107_{, A. Bogouch}90,∗_{, C. Bohm}146a_,

J. Bohm125_{, V. Boisvert}76_{, T. Bold}38_{, V. Boldea}26a_{, N.M. Bolnet}136_{, M. Bomben}78_{, M. Bona}75_{, M. Boonekamp}136_,

S. Bordoni78_{, C. Borer}17_{, A. Borisov}128_{, G. Borissov}71_{, I. Borjanovic}13a_{, M. Borri}82_{, S. Borroni}42_{, J. Bortfeldt}98_,

V. Bortolotto134a,134b_{, K. Bos}105_{, D. Boscherini}20a_{, M. Bosman}12_{, H. Boterenbrood}105_{, J. Bouchami}93_{, J. Boudreau}123_,

E.V. Bouhova-Thacker71_{, D. Boumediene}34_{, C. Bourdarios}115_{, N. Bousson}83_{, S. Boutouil}135d_{, A. Boveia}31_{, J. Boyd}30_,

I.R. Boyko64, I. Bozovic-Jelisavcic13b, J. Bracinik18, P. Branchini134a, A. Brandt8, G. Brandt118, O. Brandt54,

U. Bratzler156, B. Brau84, J.E. Brau114, H.M. Braun175,∗, S.F. Brazzale164a,164c, B. Brelier158, J. Bremer30,

K. Brendlinger120, R. Brenner166, S. Bressler172, T.M. Bristow145b, D. Britton53, F.M. Brochu28, I. Brock21,

R. Brock88_{, F. Broggi}89a_{, C. Bromberg}88_{, J. Bronner}99_{, G. Brooijmans}35_{, T. Brooks}76_{, W.K. Brooks}32b_{, G. Brown}82_,

P.A. Bruckman de Renstrom39_{, D. Bruncko}144b_{, R. Bruneliere}48_{, S. Brunet}60_{, A. Bruni}20a_{, G. Bruni}20a_{, M. Bruschi}20a_,

L. Bryngemark79_{, T. Buanes}14_{, Q. Buat}55_{, F. Bucci}49_{, J. Buchanan}118_{, P. Buchholz}141_{, R.M. Buckingham}118_,

A.G. Buckley46_{, S.I. Buda}26a_{, I.A. Budagov}64_{, B. Budick}108_{, L. Bugge}117_{, O. Bulekov}96_{, A.C. Bundock}73_,

M. Bunse43_{, T. Buran}117_{, H. Burckhart}30_{, S. Burdin}73_{, T. Burgess}14_{, S. Burke}129_{, E. Busato}34_{, V. B¨uscher}81_,

P. Bussey53_{, C.P. Buszello}166_{, B. Butler}143_{, J.M. Butler}22_{, C.M. Buttar}53_{, J.M. Butterworth}77_{, W. Buttinger}28_,

R. Calkins106_{, L.P. Caloba}24a_{, R. Caloi}132a,132b_{, D. Calvet}34_{, S. Calvet}34_{, R. Camacho Toro}34_{, P. Camarri}133a,133b_,

D. Cameron117_{, L.M. Caminada}15_{, R. Caminal Armadans}12_{, S. Campana}30_{, M. Campanelli}77_{, V. Canale}102a,102b_,

F. Canelli31, A. Canepa159a, J. Cantero80, R. Cantrill76, T. Cao40, M.D.M. Capeans Garrido30, I. Caprini26a,

M. Caprini26a, D. Capriotti99, M. Capua37a,37b, R. Caputo81, R. Cardarelli133a, T. Carli30, G. Carlino102a,

L. Carminati89a,89b, S. Caron104, E. Carquin32b, G.D. Carrillo-Montoya145b, A.A. Carter75, J.R. Carter28,

J. Carvalho124a,i_{, D. Casadei}108_{, M.P. Casado}12_{, M. Cascella}122a,122b_{, C. Caso}50a,50b,∗_{, E. Castaneda-Miranda}173_,

V. Castillo Gimenez167_{, N.F. Castro}124a_{, G. Cataldi}72a_{, P. Catastini}57_{, A. Catinaccio}30_{, J.R. Catmore}30_,

A. Cattai30_{, G. Cattani}133a,133b_{, S. Caughron}88_{, V. Cavaliere}165_{, P. Cavalleri}78_{, D. Cavalli}89a_{, M. Cavalli-Sforza}12_,

V. Cavasinni122a,122b_{, F. Ceradini}134a,134b_{, A.S. Cerqueira}24b_{, A. Cerri}15_{, L. Cerrito}75_{, F. Cerutti}15_{, S.A. Cetin}19b_,

A. Chafaq135a_{, D. Chakraborty}106_{, I. Chalupkova}127_{, K. Chan}3_{, P. Chang}165_{, B. Chapleau}85_{, J.D. Chapman}28_,

J.W. Chapman87_{, D.G. Charlton}18_{, V. Chavda}82_{, C.A. Chavez Barajas}30_{, S. Cheatham}85_{, S. Chekanov}6_,

S.V. Chekulaev159a_{, G.A. Chelkov}64_{, M.A. Chelstowska}104_{, C. Chen}63_{, H. Chen}25_{, S. Chen}33c_{, X. Chen}173_{, Y. Chen}35_,

Y. Cheng31_{, A. Cheplakov}64_{, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli}135e_{, V. Chernyatin}25_{, E. Cheu}7_{, S.L. Cheung}158_{, L. Chevalier}136_,

G. Chiefari102a,102b_{, L. Chikovani}51a,∗_{, J.T. Childers}30_{, A. Chilingarov}71_{, G. Chiodini}72a_{, A.S. Chisholm}18_,

R.T. Chislett77_{, A. Chitan}26a_{, M.V. Chizhov}64_{, G. Choudalakis}31_{, S. Chouridou}9_{, B.K.B. Chow}98_{, I.A. Christidi}77_,

A. Christov48_{, D. Chromek-Burckhart}30_{, M.L. Chu}151_{, J. Chudoba}125_{, G. Ciapetti}132a,132b_{, A.K. Ciftci}4a_{, R. Ciftci}4a_,

D. Cinca62_{, V. Cindro}74_{, A. Ciocio}15_{, M. Cirilli}87_{, P. Cirkovic}13b_{, Z.H. Citron}172_{, M. Citterio}89a_{, M. Ciubancan}26a_,

A. Clark49_{, P.J. Clark}46_{, R.N. Clarke}15_{, W. Cleland}123_{, J.C. Clemens}83_{, B. Clement}55_{, C. Clement}146a,146b_,

Y. Coadou83_{, M. Cobal}164a,164c_{, A. Coccaro}138_{, J. Cochran}63_{, L. Coffey}23_{, J.G. Cogan}143_{, J. Coggeshall}165_{, J. Colas}5_,

B. Cole35_{, S. Cole}106_{, A.P. Colijn}105_{, N.J. Collins}18_{, C. Collins-Tooth}53_{, J. Collot}55_{, T. Colombo}119a,119b_{, G. Colon}84_,

G. Compostella99_{, P. Conde Mui˜no}124a_{, E. Coniavitis}166_{, M.C. Conidi}12_{, S.M. Consonni}89a,89b_{, V. Consorti}48_,

S. Constantinescu26a_{, C. Conta}119a,119b_{, G. Conti}57_{, F. Conventi}102a,j_{, M. Cooke}15_{, B.D. Cooper}77_{, A.M.}

Cooper-Sarkar118_{, K. Copic}15_{, T. Cornelissen}175_{, M. Corradi}20a_{, F. Corriveau}85,k_{, A. Cortes-Gonzalez}165_{, G. Cortiana}99_,

G. Costa89a_{, M.J. Costa}167_{, D. Costanzo}139_{, D. Cˆot´e}30_{, G. Cottin}32a_{, L. Courneyea}169_{, G. Cowan}76_{, B.E. Cox}82_,

K. Cranmer108_{, S. Cr´ep´e-Renaudin}55_{, F. Crescioli}78_{, M. Cristinziani}21_{, G. Crosetti}37a,37b_{, C.-M. Cuciuc}26a_,

C. Cuenca Almenar176_{, T. Cuhadar Donszelmann}139_{, J. Cummings}176_{, M. Curatolo}47_{, C.J. Curtis}18_{, C. Cuthbert}150_,

P. Cwetanski60_{, H. Czirr}141_{, P. Czodrowski}44_{, Z. Czyczula}176_{, S. D’Auria}53_{, M. D’Onofrio}73_{, A. D’Orazio}132a,132b_,

M.J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa124a_{, C. Da Via}82_{, W. Dabrowski}38_{, A. Dafinca}118_{, T. Dai}87_{, F. Dallaire}93_,

C. Dallapiccola84_{, M. Dam}36_{, D.S. Damiani}137_{, H.O. Danielsson}30_{, V. Dao}104_{, G. Darbo}50a_{, G.L. Darlea}26b_,

J.A. Dassoulas42_{, W. Davey}21_{, T. Davidek}127_{, N. Davidson}86_{, R. Davidson}71_{, E. Davies}118,d_{, M. Davies}93_,

O. Davignon78_{, A.R. Davison}77_{, Y. Davygora}58a_{, E. Dawe}142_{, I. Dawson}139_{, R.K. Daya-Ishmukhametova}23_,

K. De8_{, R. de Asmundis}102a_{, S. De Castro}20a,20b_{, S. De Cecco}78_{, J. de Graat}98_{, N. De Groot}104_{, P. de Jong}105_,

C. De La Taille115_{, H. De la Torre}80_{, F. De Lorenzi}63_{, L. De Nooij}105_{, D. De Pedis}132a_{, A. De Salvo}132a_,

U. De Sanctis164a,164c_{, A. De Santo}149_{, J.B. De Vivie De Regie}115_{, G. De Zorzi}132a,132b_{, W.J. Dearnaley}71_{, R. Debbe}25_,

C. Debenedetti46_{, B. Dechenaux}55_{, D.V. Dedovich}64_{, J. Degenhardt}120_{, J. Del Peso}80_{, T. Del Prete}122a,122b_,

T. Delemontex55_{, M. Deliyergiyev}74_{, A. Dell’Acqua}30_{, L. Dell’Asta}22_{, M. Della Pietra}102a,j_{, D. della Volpe}102a,102b_,

M. Delmastro5_{, P.A. Delsart}55_{, C. Deluca}105_{, S. Demers}176_{, M. Demichev}64_{, B. Demirkoz}12,l_{, S.P. Denisov}128_,

D. Derendarz39_{, J.E. Derkaoui}135d_{, F. Derue}78_{, P. Dervan}73_{, K. Desch}21_{, P.O. Deviveiros}105_{, A. Dewhurst}129_,

B. DeWilde148_{, S. Dhaliwal}158_{, R. Dhullipudi}25,m_{, A. Di Ciaccio}133a,133b_{, L. Di Ciaccio}5_{, C. Di Donato}102a,102b_,

A. Di Girolamo30_{, B. Di Girolamo}30_{, S. Di Luise}134a,134b_{, A. Di Mattia}152_{, B. Di Micco}30_{, R. Di Nardo}47_,

A. Di Simone133a,133b_{, R. Di Sipio}20a,20b_{, M.A. Diaz}32a_{, E.B. Diehl}87_{, J. Dietrich}42_{, T.A. Dietzsch}58a_{, S. Diglio}86_,

K. Dindar Yagci40_{, J. Dingfelder}21_{, F. Dinut}26a_{, C. Dionisi}132a,132b_{, P. Dita}26a_{, S. Dita}26a_{, F. Dittus}30_,

F. Djama83_{, T. Djobava}51b_{, M.A.B. do Vale}24c_{, A. Do Valle Wemans}124a,n_{, T.K.O. Doan}5_{, M. Dobbs}85_,

D. Dobos30_{, E. Dobson}77_{, J. Dodd}35_{, C. Doglioni}49_{, T. Doherty}53_{, T. Dohmae}155_{, Y. Doi}65,∗_{, J. Dolejsi}127_,

Z. Dolezal127_{, B.A. Dolgoshein}96,∗_{, M. Donadelli}24d_{, J. Donini}34_{, J. Dopke}30_{, A. Doria}102a_{, A. Dos Anjos}173_,

A. Dotti122a,122b_{, M.T. Dova}70_{, A.T. Doyle}53_{, N. Dressnandt}120_{, M. Dris}10_{, J. Dubbert}99_{, S. Dube}15_{, E. Dubreuil}34_,

E. Duchovni172_{, G. Duckeck}98_{, D. Duda}175_{, A. Dudarev}30_{, F. Dudziak}63_{, I.P. Duerdoth}82_{, L. Duflot}115_,

M-A. Dufour85, L. Duguid76, M. D¨uhrssen30, M. Dunford58a, H. Duran Yildiz4a, M. D¨uren52, R. Duxfield139,

M. Dwuznik38_{, W.L. Ebenstein}45_{, J. Ebke}98_{, S. Eckweiler}81_{, W. Edson}2_{, C.A. Edwards}76_{, N.C. Edwards}53_,

W. Ehrenfeld21_{, T. Eifert}143_{, G. Eigen}14_{, K. Einsweiler}15_{, E. Eisenhandler}75_{, T. Ekelof}166_{, M. El Kacimi}135c_,

M. Ellert166_{, S. Elles}5_{, F. Ellinghaus}81_{, K. Ellis}75_{, N. Ellis}30_{, J. Elmsheuser}98_{, M. Elsing}30_{, D. Emeliyanov}129_,

R. Engelmann148_{, A. Engl}98_{, B. Epp}61_{, J. Erdmann}176_{, A. Ereditato}17_{, D. Eriksson}146a_{, J. Ernst}2_{, M. Ernst}25_,

J. Ernwein136_{, D. Errede}165_{, S. Errede}165_{, E. Ertel}81_{, M. Escalier}115_{, H. Esch}43_{, C. Escobar}123_{, X. Espinal Curull}12_,

B. Esposito47_{, F. Etienne}83_{, A.I. Etienvre}136_{, E. Etzion}153_{, D. Evangelakou}54_{, H. Evans}60_{, L. Fabbri}20a,20b_,

C. Fabre30_{, G.J. Facini}30_{, R.M. Fakhrutdinov}128_{, S. Falciano}132a_{, Y. Fang}33a_{, M. Fanti}89a,89b_{, A. Farbin}8_,

P. Fassnacht30_{, D. Fassouliotis}9_{, B. Fatholahzadeh}158_{, A. Favareto}89a,89b_{, L. Fayard}115_{, P. Federic}144a_{, O.L. Fedin}121_,

W. Fedorko168_{, M. Fehling-Kaschek}48_{, L. Feligioni}83_{, C. Feng}33d_{, E.J. Feng}6_{, A.B. Fenyuk}128_{, J. Ferencei}144b_,

W. Fernando6, S. Ferrag53, J. Ferrando53, V. Ferrara42, A. Ferrari166, P. Ferrari105, R. Ferrari119a, D.E.

Fer-reira de Lima53, A. Ferrer167, D. Ferrere49, C. Ferretti87, A. Ferretto Parodi50a,50b, M. Fiascaris31, F. Fiedler81,

A. Filipˇciˇc74, F. Filthaut104, M. Fincke-Keeler169, M.C.N. Fiolhais124a,i, L. Fiorini167, A. Firan40, J. Fischer175,

M.J. Fisher109_{, E.A. Fitzgerald}23_{, M. Flechl}48_{, I. Fleck}141_{, P. Fleischmann}174_{, S. Fleischmann}175_{, G.T. Fletcher}139_,

G. Fletcher75_{, T. Flick}175_{, A. Floderus}79_{, L.R. Flores Castillo}173_{, A.C. Florez Bustos}159b_{, M.J. Flowerdew}99_{, T.}

Fon-seca Martin17_{, A. Formica}136_{, A. Forti}82_{, D. Fortin}159a_{, D. Fournier}115_{, A.J. Fowler}45_{, H. Fox}71_{, P. Francavilla}12_,

M. Franchini20a,20b_{, S. Franchino}30_{, D. Francis}30_{, T. Frank}172_{, M. Franklin}57_{, S. Franz}30_{, M. Fraternali}119a,119b_,

S. Fratina120_{, S.T. French}28_{, C. Friedrich}42_{, F. Friedrich}44_{, D. Froidevaux}30_{, J.A. Frost}28_{, C. Fukunaga}156_{, E.}

Ful-lana Torregrosa127_{, B.G. Fulsom}143_{, J. Fuster}167_{, C. Gabaldon}30_{, O. Gabizon}172_{, S. Gadatsch}105_{, T. Gadfort}25_,

S. Gadomski49_{, G. Gagliardi}50a,50b_{, P. Gagnon}60_{, C. Galea}98_{, B. Galhardo}124a_{, E.J. Gallas}118_{, V. Gallo}17_,

B.J. Gallop129_{, P. Gallus}126_{, K.K. Gan}109_{, R.P. Gandrajula}62_{, Y.S. Gao}143,g_{, A. Gaponenko}15_{, F.M. Garay Walls}46_,

F. Garberson176_{, C. Garc´ıa}167_{, J.E. Garc´ıa Navarro}167_{, M. Garcia-Sciveres}15_{, R.W. Gardner}31_{, N. Garelli}143_,

V. Garonne30_{, C. Gatti}47_{, G. Gaudio}119a_{, B. Gaur}141_{, L. Gauthier}93_{, P. Gauzzi}132a,132b_{, I.L. Gavrilenko}94_,

C. Gay168_{, G. Gaycken}21_{, E.N. Gazis}10_{, P. Ge}33d_{, Z. Gecse}168_{, C.N.P. Gee}129_{, D.A.A. Geerts}105_{, Ch. Geich-Gimbel}21_,

K. Gellerstedt146a,146b_{, C. Gemme}50a_{, A. Gemmell}53_{, M.H. Genest}55_{, S. Gentile}132a,132b_{, M. George}54_{, S. George}76_,

D. Gerbaudo12_{, P. Gerlach}175_{, A. Gershon}153_{, C. Geweniger}58a_{, H. Ghazlane}135b_{, N. Ghodbane}34_{, B. Giacobbe}20a_,

S. Giagu132a,132b_{, V. Giangiobbe}12_{, F. Gianotti}30_{, B. Gibbard}25_{, A. Gibson}158_{, S.M. Gibson}30_{, M. Gilchriese}15_,

T.P.S. Gillam28_{, D. Gillberg}30_{, A.R. Gillman}129_{, D.M. Gingrich}3,f_{, J. Ginzburg}153_{, N. Giokaris}9_{, M.P. Giordani}164c_,

R. Giordano102a,102b_{, F.M. Giorgi}16_{, P. Giovannini}99_{, P.F. Giraud}136_{, D. Giugni}89a_{, M. Giunta}93_{, B.K. Gjelsten}117_,

L.K. Gladilin97_{, C. Glasman}80_{, J. Glatzer}21_{, A. Glazov}42_{, G.L. Glonti}64_{, J.R. Goddard}75_{, J. Godfrey}142_,

J. Godlewski30_{, M. Goebel}42_{, C. Goeringer}81_{, S. Goldfarb}87_{, T. Golling}176_{, D. Golubkov}128_{, A. Gomes}124a,c_,

L.S. Gomez Fajardo42_{, R. Gon¸calo}76_{, J. Goncalves Pinto Firmino Da Costa}42_{, L. Gonella}21_{, S. Gonz´alez de la Hoz}167_,

G. Gonzalez Parra12_{, M.L. Gonzalez Silva}27_{, S. Gonzalez-Sevilla}49_{, J.J. Goodson}148_{, L. Goossens}30_{, T. G¨opfert}44_,

P.A. Gorbounov95_{, H.A. Gordon}25_{, I. Gorelov}103_{, G. Gorfine}175_{, B. Gorini}30_{, E. Gorini}72a,72b_{, A. Goriˇsek}74_,

E. Gornicki39_{, A.T. Goshaw}6_{, C. G¨ossling}43_{, M.I. Gostkin}64_{, I. Gough Eschrich}163_{, M. Gouighri}135a_{, D. Goujdami}135c_,

M.P. Goulette49_{, A.G. Goussiou}138_{, C. Goy}5_{, S. Gozpinar}23_{, I. Grabowska-Bold}38_{, P. Grafstr¨om}20a,20b_,

K-J. Grahn42_{, E. Gramstad}117_{, F. Grancagnolo}72a_{, S. Grancagnolo}16_{, V. Grassi}148_{, V. Gratchev}121_{, H.M. Gray}30_,

J.A. Gray148_{, E. Graziani}134a_{, O.G. Grebenyuk}121_{, T. Greenshaw}73_{, Z.D. Greenwood}25,m_{, K. Gregersen}36_,

I.M. Gregor42_{, P. Grenier}143_{, J. Griffiths}8_{, N. Grigalashvili}64_{, A.A. Grillo}137_{, K. Grimm}71_{, S. Grinstein}12_,

Ph. Gris34_{, Y.V. Grishkevich}97_{, J.-F. Grivaz}115_{, J.P. Grohs}44_{, A. Grohsjean}42_{, E. Gross}172_{, J. Grosse-Knetter}54_,

J. Groth-Jensen172_{, K. Grybel}141_{, D. Guest}176_{, O. Gueta}153_{, C. Guicheney}34_{, E. Guido}50a,50b_{, T. Guillemin}115_,

S. Guindon54_{, U. Gul}53_{, J. Gunther}125_{, B. Guo}158_{, J. Guo}35_{, P. Gutierrez}111_{, N. Guttman}153_{, O. Gutzwiller}173_,

C. Guyot136_{, C. Gwenlan}118_{, C.B. Gwilliam}73_{, A. Haas}108_{, S. Haas}30_{, C. Haber}15_{, H.K. Hadavand}8_{, D.R. Hadley}18_,

P. Haefner21_{, Z. Hajduk}39_{, H. Hakobyan}177_{, D. Hall}118_{, G. Halladjian}62_{, K. Hamacher}175_{, P. Hamal}113_{, K. Hamano}86_,

M. Hamer54_{, A. Hamilton}145b,o_{, S. Hamilton}161_{, L. Han}33b_{, K. Hanagaki}116_{, K. Hanawa}160_{, M. Hance}15_,

C. Handel81_{, P. Hanke}58a_{, J.R. Hansen}36_{, J.B. Hansen}36_{, J.D. Hansen}36_{, P.H. Hansen}36_{, P. Hansson}143_{, K. Hara}160_,

T. Harenberg175_{, S. Harkusha}90_{, D. Harper}87_{, R.D. Harrington}46_{, O.M. Harris}138_{, J. Hartert}48_{, F. Hartjes}105_,

T. Haruyama65_{, A. Harvey}56_{, S. Hasegawa}101_{, Y. Hasegawa}140_{, S. Hassani}136_{, S. Haug}17_{, M. Hauschild}30_{, R. Hauser}88_,

M. Havranek21_{, C.M. Hawkes}18_{, R.J. Hawkings}30_{, A.D. Hawkins}79_{, T. Hayakawa}66_{, T. Hayashi}160_{, D. Hayden}76_,

C.P. Hays118_{, H.S. Hayward}73_{, S.J. Haywood}129_{, S.J. Head}18_{, T. Heck}81_{, V. Hedberg}79_{, L. Heelan}8_{, S. Heim}120_,

B. Heinemann15_{, S. Heisterkamp}36_{, L. Helary}22_{, C. Heller}98_{, M. Heller}30_{, S. Hellman}146a,146b_{, D. Hellmich}21_,

C. Helsens12_{, R.C.W. Henderson}71_{, M. Henke}58a_{, A. Henrichs}176_{, A.M. Henriques Correia}30_{, S. Henrot-Versille}115_,

C. Hensel54_{, C.M. Hernandez}8_{, Y. Hern´andez Jim´enez}167_{, R. Herrberg}16_{, G. Herten}48_{, R. Hertenberger}98_,

L. Hervas30_{, G.G. Hesketh}77_{, N.P. Hessey}105_{, R. Hickling}75_{, E. Hig´on-Rodriguez}167_{, J.C. Hill}28_{, K.H. Hiller}42_,

S. Hillert21_{, S.J. Hillier}18_{, I. Hinchliffe}15_{, E. Hines}120_{, M. Hirose}116_{, F. Hirsch}43_{, D. Hirschbuehl}175_{, J. Hobbs}148_,

N. Hod153, M.C. Hodgkinson139, P. Hodgson139, A. Hoecker30, M.R. Hoeferkamp103, J. Hoffman40, D. Hoffmann83,

M. Hohlfeld81_{, S.O. Holmgren}146a_{, T. Holy}126_{, J.L. Holzbauer}88_{, T.M. Hong}120_{, L. Hooft van Huysduynen}108_,

J-Y. Hostachy55_{, S. Hou}151_{, A. Hoummada}135a_{, J. Howard}118_{, J. Howarth}82_{, M. Hrabovsky}113_{, I. Hristova}16_,

J. Hrivnac115_{, T. Hryn’ova}5_{, P.J. Hsu}81_{, S.-C. Hsu}138_{, D. Hu}35_{, Z. Hubacek}30_{, F. Hubaut}83_{, F. Huegging}21_,

A. Huettmann42_{, T.B. Huffman}118_{, E.W. Hughes}35_{, G. Hughes}71_{, M. Huhtinen}30_{, T.A. H¨ulsing}81_{, M. Hurwitz}15_,

N. Huseynov64,p_{, J. Huston}88_{, J. Huth}57_{, G. Iacobucci}49_{, G. Iakovidis}10_{, M. Ibbotson}82_{, I. Ibragimov}141_,

L. Iconomidou-Fayard115_{, J. Idarraga}115_{, P. Iengo}102a_{, O. Igonkina}105_{, Y. Ikegami}65_{, K. Ikematsu}141_{, M. Ikeno}65_,

D. Iliadis154_{, N. Ilic}158_{, T. Ince}99_{, P. Ioannou}9_{, M. Iodice}134a_{, K. Iordanidou}9_{, V. Ippolito}132a,132b_{, A.}

A.V. Ivashin128_{, W. Iwanski}39_{, H. Iwasaki}65_{, J.M. Izen}41_{, V. Izzo}102a_{, B. Jackson}120_{, J.N. Jackson}73_{, P. Jackson}1_,

M.R. Jaekel30_{, V. Jain}2_{, K. Jakobs}48_{, S. Jakobsen}36_{, T. Jakoubek}125_{, J. Jakubek}126_{, D.O. Jamin}151_{, D.K. Jana}111_,

E. Jansen77, H. Jansen30, J. Janssen21, A. Jantsch99, M. Janus48, R.C. Jared173, G. Jarlskog79, L. Jeanty57,

G.-Y. Jeng150, I. Jen-La Plante31, D. Jennens86, P. Jenni30, P. Jeˇz36, S. J´ez´equel5, M.K. Jha20a, H. Ji173,

W. Ji81, J. Jia148, Y. Jiang33b, M. Jimenez Belenguer42, S. Jin33a, O. Jinnouchi157, M.D. Joergensen36, D. Joffe40,

M. Johansen146a,146b_{, K.E. Johansson}146a_{, P. Johansson}139_{, S. Johnert}42_{, K.A. Johns}7_{, K. Jon-And}146a,146b_,

G. Jones170_{, R.W.L. Jones}71_{, T.J. Jones}73_{, C. Joram}30_{, P.M. Jorge}124a_{, K.D. Joshi}82_{, J. Jovicevic}147_{, T. Jovin}13b_,

X. Ju173_{, C.A. Jung}43_{, R.M. Jungst}30_{, V. Juranek}125_{, P. Jussel}61_{, A. Juste Rozas}12_{, S. Kabana}17_{, M. Kaci}167_,

A. Kaczmarska39_{, P. Kadlecik}36_{, M. Kado}115_{, H. Kagan}109_{, M. Kagan}57_{, E. Kajomovitz}152_{, S. Kalinin}175_,

S. Kama40_{, N. Kanaya}155_{, M. Kaneda}30_{, S. Kaneti}28_{, T. Kanno}157_{, V.A. Kantserov}96_{, J. Kanzaki}65_{, B. Kaplan}108_,

A. Kapliy31_{, D. Kar}53_{, M. Karagounis}21_{, K. Karakostas}10_{, M. Karnevskiy}81_{, V. Kartvelishvili}71_{, A.N. Karyukhin}128_,

L. Kashif173_{, G. Kasieczka}58b_{, R.D. Kass}109_{, A. Kastanas}14_{, Y. Kataoka}155_{, J. Katzy}42_{, V. Kaushik}7_{, K. Kawagoe}69_,

T. Kawamoto155_{, G. Kawamura}81_{, S. Kazama}155_{, V.F. Kazanin}107_{, M.Y. Kazarinov}64_{, R. Keeler}169_{, P.T. Keener}120_,

R. Kehoe40_{, M. Keil}54_{, J.S. Keller}138_{, M. Kenyon}53_{, H. Keoshkerian}5_{, O. Kepka}125_{, N. Kerschen}30_{, B.P. Kerˇsevan}74_,

S. Kersten175_{, K. Kessoku}155_{, J. Keung}158_{, F. Khalil-zada}11_{, H. Khandanyan}146a,146b_{, A. Khanov}112_{, D. Kharchenko}64_,

A. Khodinov96_{, A. Khomich}58a_{, T.J. Khoo}28_{, G. Khoriauli}21_{, A. Khoroshilov}175_{, V. Khovanskiy}95_{, E. Khramov}64_,

J. Khubua51b_{, H. Kim}146a,146b_{, S.H. Kim}160_{, N. Kimura}171_{, O. Kind}16_{, B.T. King}73_{, M. King}66_{, R.S.B. King}118_,

J. Kirk129_{, A.E. Kiryunin}99_{, T. Kishimoto}66_{, D. Kisielewska}38_{, T. Kitamura}66_{, T. Kittelmann}123_{, K. Kiuchi}160_,

E. Kladiva144b_{, M. Klein}73_{, U. Klein}73_{, K. Kleinknecht}81_{, M. Klemetti}85_{, A. Klier}172_{, P. Klimek}146a,146b_,

A. Klimentov25_{, R. Klingenberg}43_{, J.A. Klinger}82_{, E.B. Klinkby}36_{, T. Klioutchnikova}30_{, P.F. Klok}104_{, S. Klous}105_,

E.-E. Kluge58a_{, T. Kluge}73_{, P. Kluit}105_{, S. Kluth}99_{, E. Kneringer}61_{, E.B.F.G. Knoops}83_{, A. Knue}54_{, B.R. Ko}45_,

T. Kobayashi155_{, M. Kobel}44_{, M. Kocian}143_{, P. Kodys}127_{, S. Koenig}81_{, F. Koetsveld}104_{, P. Koevesarki}21_,

T. Koffas29_{, E. Koffeman}105_{, L.A. Kogan}118_{, S. Kohlmann}175_{, F. Kohn}54_{, Z. Kohout}126_{, T. Kohriki}65_{, T. Koi}143_,

H. Kolanoski16_{, V. Kolesnikov}64_{, I. Koletsou}89a_{, J. Koll}88_{, A.A. Komar}94_{, Y. Komori}155_{, T. Kondo}65_{, K. K¨oneke}30_,

A.C. K¨onig104_{, T. Kono}42,q_{, A.I. Kononov}48_{, R. Konoplich}108,r_{, N. Konstantinidis}77_{, R. Kopeliansky}152_{, S. Koperny}38_,

L. K¨opke81_{, A.K. Kopp}48_{, K. Korcyl}39_{, K. Kordas}154_{, A. Korn}46_{, A. Korol}107_{, I. Korolkov}12_{, E.V. Korolkova}139_,

V.A. Korotkov128_{, O. Kortner}99_{, S. Kortner}99_{, V.V. Kostyukhin}21_{, S. Kotov}99_{, V.M. Kotov}64_{, A. Kotwal}45_,

C. Kourkoumelis9_{, V. Kouskoura}154_{, A. Koutsman}159a_{, R. Kowalewski}169_{, T.Z. Kowalski}38_{, W. Kozanecki}136_,

A.S. Kozhin128_{, V. Kral}126_{, V.A. Kramarenko}97_{, G. Kramberger}74_{, M.W. Krasny}78_{, A. Krasznahorkay}108_,

J.K. Kraus21_{, A. Kravchenko}25_{, S. Kreiss}108_{, F. Krejci}126_{, J. Kretzschmar}73_{, K. Kreutzfeldt}52_{, N. Krieger}54_,

P. Krieger158_{, K. Kroeninger}54_{, H. Kroha}99_{, J. Kroll}120_{, J. Kroseberg}21_{, J. Krstic}13a_{, U. Kruchonak}64_{, H. Kr¨uger}21_,

T. Kruker17_{, N. Krumnack}63_{, Z.V. Krumshteyn}64_{, M.K. Kruse}45_{, T. Kubota}86_{, S. Kuday}4a_{, S. Kuehn}48_,

A. Kugel58c_{, T. Kuhl}42_{, V. Kukhtin}64_{, Y. Kulchitsky}90_{, S. Kuleshov}32b_{, M. Kuna}78_{, J. Kunkle}120_{, A. Kupco}125_,

H. Kurashige66_{, M. Kurata}160_{, Y.A. Kurochkin}90_{, V. Kus}125_{, E.S. Kuwertz}147_{, M. Kuze}157_{, J. Kvita}142_{, R. Kwee}16_,

A. La Rosa49_{, L. La Rotonda}37a,37b_{, L. Labarga}80_{, S. Lablak}135a_{, C. Lacasta}167_{, F. Lacava}132a,132b_{, J. Lacey}29_,

H. Lacker16_{, D. Lacour}78_{, V.R. Lacuesta}167_{, E. Ladygin}64_{, R. Lafaye}5_{, B. Laforge}78_{, T. Lagouri}176_{, S. Lai}48_,

E. Laisne55_{, L. Lambourne}77_{, C.L. Lampen}7_{, W. Lampl}7_{, E. Lancon}136_{, U. Landgraf}48_{, M.P.J. Landon}75_,

V.S. Lang58a_{, C. Lange}42_{, A.J. Lankford}163_{, F. Lanni}25_{, K. Lantzsch}30_{, A. Lanza}119a_{, S. Laplace}78_{, C. Lapoire}21_,

J.F. Laporte136_{, T. Lari}89a_{, A. Larner}118_{, M. Lassnig}30_{, P. Laurelli}47_{, V. Lavorini}37a,37b_{, W. Lavrijsen}15_,

P. Laycock73_{, O. Le Dortz}78_{, E. Le Guirriec}83_{, E. Le Menedeu}12_{, T. LeCompte}6_{, F. Ledroit-Guillon}55_,

H. Lee105_{, J.S.H. Lee}116_{, S.C. Lee}151_{, L. Lee}176_{, M. Lefebvre}169_{, M. Legendre}136_{, F. Legger}98_{, C. Leggett}15_,

M. Lehmacher21_{, G. Lehmann Miotto}30_{, A.G. Leister}176_{, M.A.L. Leite}24d_{, R. Leitner}127_{, D. Lellouch}172_{, B. Lemmer}54_,

V. Lendermann58a_{, K.J.C. Leney}145b_{, T. Lenz}105_{, G. Lenzen}175_{, B. Lenzi}30_{, K. Leonhardt}44_{, S. Leontsinis}10_,

F. Lepold58a_{, C. Leroy}93_{, J-R. Lessard}169_{, C.G. Lester}28_{, C.M. Lester}120_{, J. Levˆeque}5_{, D. Levin}87_{, L.J. Levinson}172_,

A. Lewis118_{, G.H. Lewis}108_{, A.M. Leyko}21_{, M. Leyton}16_{, B. Li}33b_{, B. Li}83_{, H. Li}148_{, H.L. Li}31_{, S. Li}33b,s_,

X. Li87_{, Z. Liang}118,t_{, H. Liao}34_{, B. Liberti}133a_{, P. Lichard}30_{, K. Lie}165_{, J. Liebal}21_{, W. Liebig}14_{, C. Limbach}21_,

A. Limosani86_{, M. Limper}62_{, S.C. Lin}151,u_{, F. Linde}105_{, J.T. Linnemann}88_{, E. Lipeles}120_{, A. Lipniacka}14_,

M. Lisovyi42, T.M. Liss165, D. Lissauer25, A. Lister49, A.M. Litke137, D. Liu151, J.B. Liu33b, L. Liu87,

M. Liu33b_{, Y. Liu}33b_{, M. Livan}119a,119b_{, S.S.A. Livermore}118_{, A. Lleres}55_{, J. Llorente Merino}80_{, S.L. Lloyd}75_,

F. Lo Sterzo132a,132b_{, E. Lobodzinska}42_{, P. Loch}7_{, W.S. Lockman}137_{, T. Loddenkoetter}21_{, F.K. Loebinger}82_,

A.E. Loevschall-Jensen36_{, A. Loginov}176_{, C.W. Loh}168_{, T. Lohse}16_{, K. Lohwasser}48_{, M. Lokajicek}125_{, V.P. Lombardo}5_,

R.E. Long71_{, L. Lopes}124a_{, D. Lopez Mateos}57_{, J. Lorenz}98_{, N. Lorenzo Martinez}115_{, M. Losada}162_{, P. Loscutoff}15_,

M.J. Losty159a,∗_{, X. Lou}41_{, A. Lounis}115_{, K.F. Loureiro}162_{, J. Love}6_{, P.A. Love}71_{, A.J. Lowe}143,g_{, F. Lu}33a_,

H.J. Lubatti138_{, C. Luci}132a,132b_{, A. Lucotte}55_{, D. Ludwig}42_{, I. Ludwig}48_{, J. Ludwig}48_{, F. Luehring}60_{, W. Lukas}61_,

L. Luminari132a_{, E. Lund}117_{, B. Lundberg}79_{, J. Lundberg}146a,146b_{, O. Lundberg}146a,146b_{, B. Lund-Jensen}147_,