书 书 书 !38" !7# !"#$%& Vol.38No.7 2017$7% ActaEcologiaeAnimalisDomastici Jul.2017
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(&'()*+ ,-./+0,12 &' 210095) [; <] +,-.19/012345673、8639:;<35=>?@ABCDEF G,HIJKLM,N+OPKLM5QRSBCTU。VWXY:(1)=>ZK[\]^_` 71.9%,@A5 K L M ] ^ _ ` 29.8%;(2)a 3 b、12 b ? 14 b 3 4 5 6 7 3 c 9 1 b、2 b、4b、5b、12b?14b345 8 6 3 d e,J f 3 4 5 g / h i j k 3 @ A K L M l m no+p=>5KLM(犘<0.05);a 4 b ? 15 b 3 4 e,J q 3 4 : ; < 3 = > 5 K L M lmno673?863=>5KLM(犘<0.05);(3)3 @ A Z K L M r J = > Z K L M s tlm5uQRRv,QRvw`0.9594;673、863? : ; < 3 5 = > r + p @ A Z K LM5xSyz{|5QRvwT}`0.5342、0.1761 ? 0.8488;~ t 3 = > r + p @ A Z KLM5xSyz{|5_`1.806,673、863?: ; < 3 5 = > r + p @ A Z K L MxSyz{|5_T}`1.220、0.7219?1.494。 V W X Y,~ - . 0 1 234=>?@A5 KLM]^,@AZKLMr=>KLMuQR。 [=>?] 3;=>;@A;KLM;012[3@9AB] S811.5 [CDEFG] A [CHIB] 10055228(2017)07005005
345,-6789:;<=>?@A4BC D E F B G H I J K[1],L M N O P G Q R S H I JK<TUQRSHVWXYZ@A[\[2]。 @ A ]^ H _ 3 ` a b 7 c 9 5 24~33 mg/kg[34],d 3`efgBhi j I J K k l m、n X o p q r sl9` t P u v b[5],w x,NRC( 1998)_ @ A ]^HIJ O P 3 ` y z 9 5 50~100 mg/kg[6]。 {| H @ } K,Z ~ 9 3 4 5 @ A ? ~[7]O P G IJK,>wNZ3?[8], [ * @A,`\[9],uYZ H ` @}[\。, 1500~3000 mg/ kg3 \ ? Q R S H @ A[10]。 w x,{ |H@}K,5?H@A,cZ` ¡ ¢£,IJK3` O P 9 ¤ ¥ i ¦ § H ` @ ¨ 7 c 9。©GZ3\vbSHVWhXYZSH@}[ \,wx{SH@ } K I ª Z ~ 9 3 ` « ¬ ® ¯ {。uH_IJK 3 ` e f g B h ° b,I J K 3 l9560mg/kg¥,H_3`efh±10%,uI JK3²³YZ5150 mg/kg¥,H _3 ` ef h bG5%[11],´Cef`3*µ¶j·¸¹º»¼, ½¾¿ÀÁÂ。Z3IJi½¾3ÃÄGH»ÅÆ ÇÈÉ,ÊËHÌÍXÎÏÐÑÒ。wx,ÓÔÕÖ H×IJX · ¸ K 3 l 9 Õ Ø,_ H @ } K Ù¨OP3=TU¿ÀÁÂÚ¤ÛÜÝÞ。 ßàáâãÓ12äåæ|H×IJX ·¸K3çè²³,é ¶ ê Ó ë ì @ A í î H · ¸ K3ïIJK3l 9 ` ð ñ [,< # Ó Ô H × I J 3OP`ÕØ=· ¸ K 3 ` l 9 ï > ð ñ [,5 I J=@H|òó)Yôõö÷ø。
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1.1 JKL/ àáüý Ó 1 2 ä å æ 19 þ H × (119 ÿ H ×),H×51000~10000!"H,¶M#Ó ]^H(25kg< $)、% ] H(10~25kg)= Q R S H(10kg< &)`' 171 (Ò )I Jï 171 (· ¸ *Ï,ëì@Aí î H I J X · ¸ * Ï # = ¶ + ,-1。.ö / ¦ 0[12]` * ú û,5 % 1 * Ï [f2#] 20161116 34#:20161213 [5678] 9:Û;<=>?(2016YFD0500505);9:@A.+56(31272485) [4BCD] E F(1988-),G,H16IJ,KL@,úM:,-N|ïIJ.+。Email:2013205012@njau.edu.cn [OP4B] QRS(1974-),T,UVUVJ,WX,KL@YZ,[Ü\],-¿À@¨ïN|+。Email:chunmeili@njau.edu.cn`Ö[,·¸¶ M \ ^ _ 30 þ ; # * Ï,I J \IJ`abþIJcè#20þ*Ï,¶M¶ defý2kg45gþÖ[*Ï,hi@jcK kGlmno%¯p4qár。 M1 ./012NOPQRS609A Table1 Descriptionofsamplecollectionsfor feedsandfecalmaterials H×sÿ Pigsfarm t+ Variety »Û Bodyweight I J Feeds · ¸ Feces ]^H > 25kg 3( 3( 1~19 % ]H 10~25kg 3( 3( QRSH < 10kg 3( 3( 1.2 TUVW BuvèefûâãIJa·¸K3`q wl9。xyz90.5gIJa·¸*ÏG {| K,Pi10mL T}~` s:Z s =1∶4 ` d Ù,$ ,r§。A f $ { { ,{ Ô ` :95 ℃ (30 min),130 ℃(30min),150 ℃(60min),180 ℃ s 2mL , 。 ³vr, § 25 mL ` 9 K,u v è e f (ICPOES,AgilentTechnologies,9)ã3l9。 1.3 SXYZ BSPSS20.0 >¡¢_IJaB·¸*Ï £¤w; ú ¥ ¶ ê (ONEWAY ANOVA), B Duncan¦û£b Û § °,犘<0.05 5 ¥ ¨ © ª。 ·¸*Ïï I J * Ï « ¬ £ ® * ß tâ á,犘 <0.055¥ ¨ © ª。 k ¤ õ ö ¯ B ° ¯ õ ± ± x²(Mean±SE) ³。GraphPadPrism5 > ¡ ¢¶ê>´·¸XIJK3l9`ðñ[。
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2.1 ./01234P56 · H × ` ] ^ H、% ] H X Q R S H ` I J X ·¸3l9-2。H·¸3l9 Z G ð _ F I J 3l9,¸Ó3ÿ、12ÿX14 ÿ H × ` ] ^ H < = 1ÿ、2ÿ、4ÿ、5ÿ、12ÿX 14 ÿ H × ` % ] H « ¼,>¹H×`· þ í î H · ¸ 3 l 9 © ª Z G I J3l9(犘<0.05)。QR S H I J 3 l 9 ® Z G]^HX%]HIJ3l9,¸4ÿX15ÿH× ¼,>ºH×QR S H I J 3 l 9 © ª Z G ] ^ H X%]HIJ3l9(犘<0.05)。 Q R S H · ¸ 3 l9®ZG]^ H X % ] H · ¸ 3 l 9,¸ 4 ÿ X15ÿH×¼,>ºH×QRSH·¸3l9©ª ZG]^HX%] H · ¸ 3 l 9 (犘<0.05)。 3 N_·H×`]^ H、% ] H X Q R S H ` I J X ·¸3l9£` >L»¼¶ê。k¤H×HI JK3l9½¾569.50~2654 mg/kg,° ¯ l 9 5658.9mg/kg,> K Q R S H I J K 3 l 9 ¿ Z G]^HX%]H。k¤H×H·¸K3l9½¾ 5135.6~4283mg/kg,°¯l951197mg/kg, >KQRSH·¸K3°¯l953101mg/kg。 2.2 ./[123456P\=]9: ëì@AíîH`IJï_F·¸K3l9« ¬`ñÀ-Á1。k¤H`·¸K 3 l 9 ï > I J K3l9Ú¤©ª a  © ª ` ð ñ ñ À,ð ñ À õ50.9594。]^H、%]H X Q R S H ` ð ñ À õ¶M 5 0.5342、0.1761 X 0.8488。 k ¤ H I J ï_ F · ¸ K 3 l 9 ` à [ 4 Ä ú ` Å h 5 1.806,] ^ H、% ] H X Q R S H ` à [ 4 Ä ú `Åh¶M51.220、0.7219X1.494。3 Æ Ç
j È É 9 | ò ) ` < =,^ Ê · ¸ ` ¹ h 9 Ë $tP[13],© x Ì Í Î Û ` ¿ À X Ï Ñ Ò Ï Ð。 ÉÑO§¶ê§°ëì@AíîHIJK3l9< Õ,QRSHIJ K 3 ` ° ¯ l 9 ¶ M N % ] H X ]^HIJ`10.4X10.0Ò。k¤IJ*ÏK3 l9*G100mg/kg`Ó96.5%,* G 200 mg/kg `Ó40.4%,*G1000mg/kg`Ó29.8%。KI JÔ'X9() µ Õ Ö ! 1224 ÿ Ó { H } Ù IJaÒdÙ K 3 : ; y z O P 9 (< : ; > mg/kg):<× s 3 Ø Ù O P ½ ¾ 5 40~100,< 3ØÙO P ½ ¾ 5 43~120;{ H } Ù I J a Ò dÙ K 3 ` a Z Ú 9 (< : ; > mg/kg)5 150。<x5±x,ßàákâã¶ê`HIJ¦± h571.9%。,H_IJ3`7Ü9540 ~170mg/kg,>KQRSHIJ`3OP9<100 ~150mg/kg5Û,]^H590~100mg/kg,tH 550~65 mg/kg," H 5 80~110 mg/kg[12,1415]。 NRC(1998)±xK,SHIJ3Ü Ý O P 9 5 80~ 100mg/kg,@A H 5 60 mg/kg,] ^ H 5 50 mg/ kg。ßK,]^H X % ] H I J K 3 l 9 Þ * bõ{ 200~500 mg/kg « ¬,Q R S H I J K 3 l9Þ*bõZG2000mg/kg。 ,H _ 3 ` e f g B h ß G 20%[1617],Þ*µ¶3<ØaÖà-ØÙ<·、á 0ØÙ¹º» ¼。 * 9 H · â ^ G ã å ¥,H · ä `3:;ëi{å,uN{ãåäÄæ,u(4-_ 1 5 !7# E F,0:ëìH×IJX·¸K3l9çè¶êM2 '(,-^_,、`^,0abc,P./01234P56 Table2 Concentrationsofzincinswinefeedsandfeces H×sÿ Pigsfarm t+ Variety IJ Feeds ·¸ Feces H×sÿ Pigsfarm IJ Feeds ·¸ Feces ]^H 169.9b ±9.9 243.9b ±16.8 167.4b ±9.1 204.7c ±12.8 1 %]H 167.0b ±8.9 188.1b ±12.3 11 192.2b ±10.4 326.6b ±22.6 QRSH 1491.2a ±70.3 3800.7a ±236.8 1142.3a ±76.2 2937.0a ±133.7 ]^H 178.9b ±9.4 234.9b ±13.2 190.3b ±9.9 212.2b ±13.2 2 %]H 152.0c ±6.9 168.1c ±7.9 12 199.1b ±7.9 209.8b ±17.2 QRSH 1941.2a ±104.7 3670.4a ±201.3 1926.5a ±89.7 3179.2a ±190.3 ]^H 243.7b ±12.6 269.3b ±21.4 123.8b ±8.4 234.9b ±16.3 3 %]H 225.3b ±11.8 284.7b ±14.5 13 134.9b ±8.4 245.1b ±16.5 QRSH 2048.7a ±142.2 3301.3a ±207.4 2333.6a ±123.0 4211.6a ±249.3 ]^H 151.1a ±8.9 198.9 ±11.1 195.8b ±8.2 181.8b ±9.4 4 %]H 148.3ab ±11.2 185.9±12.3 14 202.7b ±12.0 204.5b ±16.5 QRSH 115.3b ±8.3 185.7±5.8 1153.8a ±95.5 2988.0a ±145.7 ]^H 147.3b ±6.9 269.3b ±12.6 131.0±10.0 233.9 ±14.0 5 %]H 152.3b ±7.5 174.8c ±7.3 15 127.7±10.5 209.3 ±14.3 QRSH 2048.7a ±140.1 3301.7a ±221.9 137.1±9.9 273.8±12.0 ]^H 166.4b ±8.6 247.1b ±11.4 125.1b ±5.9 194.6b ±13.0 6 %]H 155.2b ±7.3 228.7b ±15.9 16 143.3b ±10.4 210.2b ±14.4 QRSH 2654.7a ±162.9 3989.0a ±186.2 2006.8a ±131.3 4108.6a ±260.9 ]^H 69.5b ±3.1 135.6b ±5.4 111.4b ±7.4 202.2b ±14.8 7 %]H 72.5b ±3.9 142.8b ±11.3 17 134.2b ±11.1 254.3b ±13.8 QRSH 2396.0a ± 142.8 3744.0a ±220.6 1257.4a ±82.5 2598.0a ±159.2 ]^H 201.5b±8.1 316.4b±14.1 262.9b±14.8 473.1b±23.8 8 %]H 180.0b ±6.5 289.4b ±14.8 18 157.3c ±6.3 334.9c ±21.2 QRSH 2441.2a ±149.9 4283.3a ±284.7 1175.6a ±104.6 2193.3a ±146.9 ]^H 181.2b±12.6 338.6b±18.4 118.1c±7.7 178.3c±9.2 9 %]H 162.3b ±10.1 278.5b ±11.7 19 148.5b ±10.0 288.8b ±14.5 QRSH 1775.8a ±83.2 3668.5a ±194.5 1263.5a ±75.7 2357.6a ±150.9 ]^H 215.5b ±9.3 370.3b ±18.7 10 %]H 190.6b ±8.8 351.5b ±22.9 QRSH 2314.8a ±154.8 4122.4a ±274.7 é:ìêõöë±ëìßìí"³¥¨©ª(犘<0.05),ðìaîí"³¥¨ë©ª(犘>0.05)。³ì £ I J ï · ¸K3l9¥¨©ª(犘<0.05)。 Note:Inthesamerow,valueswithdifferentsmalllettersuperscriptsmeansignificantdifference (犘<0.05),whilethose withsameornosuperscriptsmeaninsignificantdifference(犘>0.05).Inthesameline, meansignificantdifferencebetween feedsandfeces(犘<0.05). M3 '(#def,P./012456YZghi Table3 StatisticsofZincconcentrationindifferentpigfeedsandfeces 78Items ]^H Growingandfatteningpigs IJ Feeds ·¸ Feces %]H Nurserypigs IJ Feeds ·¸ Feces QRSH Weanedpigs IJ Feeds ·¸ Feces k¤H Pigs IJ Feeds ·¸ Feces ¯¼ Mean/(mg/kg) 164.6 249.3 158.6 240.7 1654.0 3101.0 658.9 1197.0 a*¼ Max/(mg/kg) 263.0 473.1 225.3 351.5 2654.0 4283.0 2654.0 4283.0 aß¼ Min/(mg/kg) 69.5 135.6 72.5 142.0 115.3 185.7 69.5 135.6 ±x¥ SD/(mg/kg) 47.3 79.0 35.3 60.7 730.5 1185.0 822.3 1516.0 ±x² SE/(mg/kg) 10.9 18.1 8.1 13.9 167.6 271.9 108.9 200.8 ï¨Àõ CV/% 28.8 31.7 22.2 25.2 44.2 38.2 124.8 126.7 2 5 :^@ð+ñ !38"
@1 '(#def,./[jk123456lmP=n Fig.1 TherelationshipofZincconcentrationindifferentpigfeedsandfeces 3`ef9ë i ¦ § ô ò ` 2%[18],ó ô Y õ Ó { |Hö#åæ,÷åä`3:;*øtP,uÊË ÷ùK8@-`9=> ú ,[19]。 û ¼,· ¸ ä ` 3 üiO§ý#4BþÄGÿ!@-。wxH·K` 3"#$5¿ÀÛ6%ÁÂ`ÛÜw«g。ßà á`µ¶&H·¸K3`°¯l9©ªZGI J,>KQRSH · ¸ K 3 ` ° ¯ l 9 ¿ Z G % ] HX]^H,¶MN%]HX]^HIJ`12.9X 12.4Ò。·¸*ÏK,3 l 9 * G 2000 mg/kgÓ 29.8%,* G 3000 mg/kg Ó 21.1%,* G 4000 mg/kgÓ7%。÷øK9(BÁ' KÁ  - ( ± x(GB42841984)_3`Ú9¼(÷ù pH<6.5 5 500mg/kg,÷ ù pH≥6.5 5 1000 mg/kg),) < 1000mg/kg5 ± x,H · ¸ ` 3 l 9 ¦ ± h 5 29.8%。©GÉ9µ¶åæ÷ù*3«¬&§° ®,+|^Ê·¸ K ` 3 { g ³ $ < ¾ , ÷ù3`4B,d N A # â B l Z ² ³ 3 ` · ¸ _¿À-$ . { Á  / 0。 ì ¥,{ ü 1 g B ¥ üFø2,^Ê· ¸ K > ¹ Û 6 % Á Â Ï Ð,A # âB3A¯{÷ùX(}ÏÁÂ/0[17,2021]。 ß K,à [ 4 Ä ú ` Å h 4 5 ³ · ¸XIJK3`“² 6 À õ”,g ³ å 7 8 H · ¸K3l9jIJK3l9tPutP`Òõ。ë ì@} í î k ¤ H ` “² 6 À õ”5 1.806,> K ] ^H、% ] H X Q R S H ` “² 6 À õ ”¶ M 5 1.220、0.7219X1.494,9 Q R S H · K 3 ` ² 6¢F*G] ^ H X % ] H。 ó : µ ¶ & ,ë ì@Aíî`H_3`efgBXÖà¹;<°ë ì,>KQRSH_3`efgBhab。
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ß µ ¶ ,H I J ï · ¸ K 3 l 9 ¥ ¨ °*,IJX·¸3`°¯â㼯¦º9:±x, >KIJK3²³¦±h 5 71.9%,· ¸ ` 3 l 9 ¦±h5 29.8%。 H · ¸ K 3 l 9 ï > I J K 3 l9«¬©ªðñ。 opCD: [1] ½ =,E>?,½ @.89:;3{,-N|K`FB[J]. AB()C)/D+0+ñ,2006,8(1):1214. [2] QE,FGH.SHX@A ^ ] H 8 9 : ; N | 7 Ü 9 ` =[J].IJI),1999,(6):3335. [3] HillD A,PeoER,LewisAJ,etal.Zincaminoacidcomple xesforswine [J].JournalofAnimalScience,1986,63(1): 121130. [4] WedekindKJ,LewisAJ,Giesemann MA,etal.Bioavailabili tyofzincfrominorganicandorganicsourcesforpigsfedcorn soybeanmealdiets[J].JournalofAnimalScience,1994,72 (10):26812689. [5] CummingI.The MineralNutritionofLivestock [J].Veteri 3 5 !7# E F,0:ëìH×IJX·¸K3l9çè¶ênaryJournal,2001,161(1):7071. [6] Nationalresearchcouncil.Nutrientrequirementsofswine[M]. 10threved.Washigton,DC:The NationalAcademiesPress, 1998. [7] JK,ÓLM,NOP.3{H@}K`FB=[J].I JKQ,2014(1):2124. [8] RST.Z3 U S H U # Q R F V W Ù » ` X ¨ [D].Ù^:ÑY()*+,2006. [9] Sargeant H R,Miller H M,Shaw M A.Inflammatoryre sponseofporcineepithelialIPECJ2cellstoenterotoxigenicE. coliinfectionismodulatedbyzincsupplementation[J].Molec ularImmunology,2011,48(1516):21132121. [10] NielsenF H.Historyofzincinagriculture[J].Advancesin Nutrition,2012,3(6):783789. [11] JondrevilleC,RevyPS,DourmadJY,etal.Influenceof genotypeandsexon minerals (Ca,P,K,N,Mg,Fe,Zn, Cu)contentandretentioninthebodyofpigsfrom25to135 kgofbodyweight[J].RecherchePorcine,2004(36):1724. [12] / ¦,QZ[,\t@,0.] ' # ± | ò ^ Ê I J Zn l 9=·¸ Zn^_L»[J].( ) ¿ À . + + ñ,2009,28 (10):21732179. [13] \`,\a,JbS. | ò ^ Ê · [ Ü ¤ c $ ¶ ã ¶ê[J].d-N|ï^J+ñ,2005,11(6):822829. [14] e f.89:;3{H N | K ` = [J].1 g ^ h i jkl,2000(5):3436. [15] mÒÿ,\ n,\R¤,0.89:;3{,-ÌÍ=N|K `=[J].,-j+=,2002,23(2):4143. [16] op q,e r Ò,s t u.8 9 : ; 3 { , - @ } K ` 4 B
[J].K9^hij,2008,35(6):2629. [17] CangL.Heavymetalspollutioninpoultryandlivestockfeeds and manuresunderintensivefarmingin Jiangsu Province, China[J].JournalofEnvironmentalSciences,2004,16(3): 371374 [18] McGrathD.ImplicationsofApplyingCopperRichPigSlurry toGrasslandEffectsonPlantsandSoils[M]∥CopperinAni malWastesandSewageSludge.SpringerNetherlands,1981: 144153. [19] McGrathSP,ChaudriA M,GillerKE.Longtermeffectsof metalsinsewagesludgeonsoils,microorganismsandplants [J].JournalofIndustrial Microbiology,1995,14(2):94 104. [20] NicholsonF A,ChambersBJ,WilliamsJR,etal.Heavy metalcontentsoflivestockfeedsandanimalmanuresinEng landand Wales [J].BioresourceTechnology,1999,70(1): 2331. [ 21] J?v,Qw1,xby,0.É9zϤX^JX¤X{|-KÛ6%`l9ج ï ¶ ê [J].( ) ¿ À . + + ñ,2005, 24(2):392397