NEW AND INTERESTING FUNGI (LOCULOASCOMYCETES) F R O M T H E A M A Z O N
Jean Boise (*)
SUMMARY
A nejA) genuò, JavaJua, and &pe.cZeJ>, J. &amu<tt./>LL, cuio. dej>cu.be.d tyiom mcrf.eAA.aZ cot letted at SeAAa A/iacã, Ai7iazonaò. Aíòo, the. taxonomy o£ two otheA Amazonian &pec-ie& ú>
updated; HeApotAichta vÁZZo&a to t-ΊαηΔ ^eAAed to ByAéOópha&u/i and ThaxteJiteZla ΊΟΗΔΖ menA-cA <Á tA.an&{,WLzd to Tubeu^xa.
(*) Farlow H e r b a r i u m , H a r v a r d U n i v . , C a m b r i d g e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , E E . U U .
SUPL. ACTA AMAZÔNICA, 14(1/2) : 4 9 - 5 3 . 1984. 4 9 INTRODUCTION
Among the fungi collected by D r . Gary J. S a m u e l s in the states of A m a z o n a s and Roraima are several members of the L o c u l o a s c o m y c e t e s . The taxonomy of two of the spe cies, H e r p o t r i c h i a v i l l o s a S a m u e l s δ Mül ler and T h a x t e r i e l la r o r a i m e n s i s S a m u e l s £ Mü_^
ler, is updated, and a n e w genus a n d s p e c i e s is d e l i m i t e d .
J a v a r i a is described here for a fungus r e p r e s e n t e d in seven A m a z o n i a n collections of decaying palm p e t i o l e s . The c o n i c , thin-based a s c o m a t a of this fungus rupture the outer layers of the host s u b s t r a t e a s they d e v e l o p , in a m a n n e r similar to species of A s t r o s p h a e r i e l l a Sydow, and c o n t a i n b i t u n i c a t e a s c i , a s c o s p o r e s w i t h b i p o l a r s y m m e t r y , and trabeculate p s e u d o p a r a p h y s e s . Species of A s t r o s p h a e r i e l l a further resemble this fun gus in that they have been found on p a l m s u b s t r a t e s as well as b a m b o o and other stout grasses (Hawksworth, 1 9 8 1 ; H a w k s w o r t h & B o i s e , 1385) and because of these similar ities I believe that these two g e n e r a are c l o s e l y related and both m e m b e r s of the Mela nommatales. However, J a v a r i a d i f f e r s from A s t r o s p h a e r i e l l a in a s c o s p o r e p i g m e n t a t i o n and structure. The a s c o s p o r e s in A s t r o s p h a e r i e l l a s p e c i e s produce brown pigments and lack sheaths or appendages, w h e r e a s , in J a v a r i a the a s c o s p o r e s a r e hyaline and sheathed. When stained with Congo R e d , a ring a p p e a r s at the apex of the e n d o t u n i c a e of
J . s a m u e l s i i , and there seems to be a s e c o n d , refractive ring just below in the o c u l a r chamber. These ascus s t r u c t u r e s may p r o v i d e additional c h a r a c t e r s by w h i c h J a v a r i a is distinguished, however, their small size m a k e s them e x c e e d i n g l y d i f f i c u l t to o b s e r v e by a bright-field m i c r o s c o p e .
An additional specimen of J . samuelsii w a s d i s c o v e r e d among f u n q i c o l 1ected by
Dr. Kent Dumont at M t . M a k i l i n g , P h i l i p p i n e s . I d o n o t interpret this specimen to be evidence for, a disjunct d i s t r i b u t i o n o f J . s a m u e l s i i . R a t h e r , I suspect that J . samuelsii is a common pantropical saprobe. T h e P h i l i p p i n e s collection of J . samuelsil
is of further interest because it is not o n a m o n o c o t y 1 e d o n o u s s u b s t r a t e b u t rather on a woody p l a n t , perhaps a vine (pers. c o m m . D. β Jack). BecausQ o f the m o r p h o l o g i c a l si milarities of J a v a r i a and A s t r o s p h a e r i e l l a , I w o u l d a l s o suspect a similar nutritional mode. Even though A s t r o s p h a e r i e l l a is only know from c o l l e c t i o n s of m o n o c o t s u b s t r a t e s , these a r e f e w in n u m b e r a n d p o s s i b l y the w o o d - i n h a b i t i n g forms have s i m p l y n o t b e e n col lected. T h e collection history of both o f these genera reflects the fact that few tropical collectors meet the f i e l d w o r k c h a l l e n g e to discover these m i c r o s c o p i c f u n g i , organisms that rarely e x c e e d o n e m i l l i m e t e r in their largest a p p r e c i a b l e d i m e n s i o n .
Javaria B o i s e , g e n . n o v .
(Etymology: R i o J a v a r i = river at type locality.)
A s c o m a t a e r u m p e s c e n t i a , c o n i c a , p a p i l l a t a , brunnea vel n i g r a , peridio latera_[
iter c a r b o n a c e o , basi t e n u i . P s e u d o p a r a p h y s e s s u b t í l e s , f i l i f o r m e s , t r a b e c u l a t a e . Asci lageniformi-cylindrici, o c t o s p o r i , b i t u n i c a t i ; e n d o t u n i c a e a n n u l a t a e . A s c o s p o r a e ellip_
soideo-fusiformes , h y a l k i a e , s e p t a t a e , v a g i n a g e l a t i n o s a inclusae.
T y p u s : J a v a r i a ~arouelsii Boise.
Ascomat r u m p e n t , c o n i c , p a p i l l a t e , brown to b l a c k , p e r i d i u m c a r b o n a c e o u s a t s i d e s , thin at b a s e . P s e u d o p a r a p h y s e s d e l i c a t e , f i l i f o r m , t r a b e c u l a t e . Asci l a g e n i f o r m - cyllndric, 8 - s p o r e d , biturn* c a t e ; endotunicae thicker towards a p e x , apices w i t h refrac tive rings above w h i c h a second ring a p p e a r s w h e n stained w i t h Congo R e d . A s c o s p o r e s el 1 i p s o i d - f u s o i d , hyaline, s e p t a t e , w i t h i n a gelatinous s h e a t h .
J a v a r i a samuelsii B o i s e , s p . n o v . ( F i g . l ; A,B) (Etymology: named in recognition of the c o l l e c t o r , Gary J . Samuels.)
A s c o m a t a e h o s p i t u m stratis e x t e r n i s e r u m p e n t i a , 0 . 7 5-) . 0 m m d i a m , p e r i d i o bãsi
< 1 0 p m lato. Pseudoparaphyses 1 urn latae. Asci usque a d 170 χ 20 p m . A s c o s p o r a e 1 - ( 3-) septatae, ( ^ 3 - ) ^ 6 - 5 8 ( - 6 2 ) χ 6.5-8 p m .
Ascomata e x p o s e d by rupture of outer layers of host s u b s t r a t e , 0,75-1.0 m m d i a m ; peridium < 10 jjm w i d e at b a s e , c o m p o s e d of small-celled (5 u m diam) p s e u d o p a r e n c h y m a . Pseudoparaphyses 1 μπ\ w i d e . Asci u p to 170 χ 20 p m . A s c o s p o r e s 1 -(3~)septate, (43-)46-58
(-62) χ 6.5-8 u m .
T y p e : B r a z i l . A m a z o n a s : Serra A r a c á , 60 m , terra f i r m e , o p e n f o r e s t , deep lit ter, d r y , 10-13 Mar 1984, o n d e c a y i n g p a l m p e t i o l e , G . J . S a m u e l s 797 (hoiotype: ÍNPA, η.ν.; isotype: N Y ! ) .
Add i tional material : Brazi1 . Amazonas : Serra A r a c á , o n palm petioles , Mar 1984, G.
J. Samuels 5 6 7, 7 0 2, 7 6 8, 8 4 8 , 8 6 2, 9 5 1 (INPA, NY.'); P h i l i p p i n e s . L u z o n : Los B a n o s , M t . M a k i l i n g , j u s t below Mud S p r i n g , 24 May 1 9 6 6 , o n w o o d K. P. & G . L. Dumont 7 3 5 ( N Y J ) .
Since p u b l i c a t i o n of the names H e r p o t r i c h i a v i l l o s a S a m u e l s & Müller a n d
50 Boise
Fig. 1. L o c u l o a s c o m y c e t e s f r o m the A m a z o n : A - B , J a v a r i a s a m u e l s i i (Samuels 7 9 7 ) . A.
A s c u s , a s c o s p o r e s a n d p s e u d o p a r a p h y s e s ; B. A s c o m a t a . C - D , T u b e u f i a r o r a i - m e n s i s (Samuels 5 3 0 ) . C . A s c o s p o r e s and p s e u d o p a r a p h y s e s ; D. A s c o m a . Ε - F , B y s s o s p h a e r i a v i l l o s a (Dumont-Br 4 2 5 ) . E . A s c o s p o r e s ; F. A s c o m a . (Standard line = 20 M m for a s c u s a n d a s c o s p o r e s ; 0J m m for a s c o m a t a . )
New a n d interesting fungi 51
T h a x t e r i e l l a r o r a í m e n s i s S a m u e l s & Muller ( 1 9 7 9 a » b ) , Barr has p r e s e n t e d s t u d i e s o n those genera a n d c o n c l u d e d (Barr, 1984) that the species named in H e r p o t r i c h i a a r e a heterogeneous a s s e m b l a g e a n d (Barr, 1980) that T h a x t e r i e l l a is s y n o n y m o u s wi th T u b e u f i a . T h a x t e r i e l l a r o r a i m e n s l s is h e r e transferred to T u b e u f i a . T h i s s p e c i e s resembles T . c l i n t o n i i (Peck) Barr m i c r o s c o p i c a l l y , but is d i s t i n g u i s h e d m a c r o s c o p i c a 1 1y by a lush hyphal tomentum that c a r p e t s the substrate about the a s c o m a t a . H e r p o t r i c h i a v i l l o s a does not belong in H e r p o t r i c h i a, for it p o s s e s s e s the c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of B y s s o s p h a e r i a as delimited by Barr ( 1 9 8 4 ) . The ascomata in H. v i l l o s a have apices that a r e black to o r a n g e , and in this manner resemble B. s c h i e d e r m a y e r i a n a (Fuckel) B a r r , but H . v i l l o s a c a n be separated from that species by its broader a s c o s p o r e s w i t h g e l a t i n o u s s h e a t h s . B y s s o s p h a e r i a appears to be well represented in the A m a z o n , for D r . S a m u e l s ' s s p e c i m e n s from the states of A m a z o n a s a n d Roraima a l s o include B . j a m a i c a n a (Siv.) B a r r , B . r h o d o m p h a l a (Berk.) C o o k e , and B. s c h i e d e r m a y e r i a n a (Fuckel) Barr.
T u b e u f i a r o r a í m e n s i s (Samuels & Muller) B o i s e , c o m b . n o v . ( F i g . l ; C,D) B a s i o n y m : T h a x t e r i e l l a r o r a í m e n s i s Samuels and M ü l l e r , Sydowia 3 1 : 137· 1 9 7 9 . H o l o t y p e : B r a z i l , R o r a i m a , on w o o d , 21 Nov 1 9 7 7 , D u m o n t - B R 6 5 1 , NY J .
B y s s o s p h a e r i a v i l l o s a (Samuels & Müller) B o i s e , c o m b . nov. (Fig.l; E,F) Basionym: H e r p o t r i c h i a v i l l o s a Samuels & M ü l l e r , S y d o w i a 3 1 : I 5 8 . 1979. H o l o t y p e : B r a z i l , R o r a i m a , on bark, 17 Nov 1 9 7 7 , D u m o n t - B R 4 2 5 , NY.'
R E S U M O
Um novo gznoAo do. faango, JavaAla, 1 eópãcxe, J. &amu.oJü>-LÍ, òáo doJ>cAÍZoò boóeadaó no matoAÍal. dol.QAa.do na SoJiAa do Maca, knazonaò. A taxonom-ia do. duaó ouJxaò 0λρ0.αΑ.0Λ amazÔnicaò 0J>ia atu.atiza.da· HoApottvíchÁJZ v-ilto&a. oAtã tAanò^oAÍda patia. o ge.no.Ao Zy&òo&pkaoAÍa. o, ThaxtoAlelZa twtuxÁmzn&Lò t>ai. patuá. Tubeu^ta.
A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S
Rupert Barneby is thanked for help w i t h the Latin d i a g n o s e s . This w o r k w a s s u p p o r t ed by National M u s e u m Act grant n o . F C - 4 0 7 3 5 5 -
R e f e r e n c e s
B a r r , Μ. E. - 1 9 8 0 . On the f a m i l y T u b e u f i a c e a e ( P l e o s p o r a l e s ) . M y c o t a x o n 1 2 : 1 3 7 - 1 6 7 .
1984. H e r p o t r i c h i a and its s e g r e g a t e s . M y c o t a x o n 2 0 : 1-38.
52 B o i s e
