NEW ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION DATABASE UPGRADED WITH SOUTH AMERICAN INVENTORY DATA

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NEW ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION DATABASE UPGRADED WITH

SOUTH AMERICAN INVENTORY DATA

Marcelo Felix Alonso.

PhD student at the Center for Weather Prediction and Climate Studies (CPTEC/INPE), Brazil.

Karla Maria Longo.

Center for Space and Atmospheric Sciences (CEA/INPE), Brazil.

Saulo Ribeiro de Freitas.

Center for Weather Prediction and Climate Studies (CPTEC/INPE), Brazil.

Rafael Mello da Fonseca.

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In context of the SAEMC project (South American emissions, megac

ities and climate),

this work addresses the upgrade and validation of numerical mode

ls and tools for

studies associated with atmospheric chemical composition change

over South

America and its impact on regional climate change

. For

these

we

need

of

a

good

representation

of

emissions

in

this

scale

.

Largescale

emission

inventories

are

inaccurate

representations

of

current

emissions

,

but

the

state

of

the

art

on

the

global

and

regional

scales

.

For regional

scale

:

How

interpolate

global

emissions

?

How

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The first step was the updating of current

global emissions inventories with a new

dataset

of

local

inventories,

and

the

dataset

of

local

inventories,

and

the

implementation of emission scenarios in the

model system.

RETRO CO EMISSIONS

18%

32%

9%

8%

20%

5%

6% 2%

Europa

North America

Latin America

South of Asia

East of Asia

Southeast of Asia

Africa

Oceania

From

FromSchultz et al. (2007)Schultz et al. (2007)

INTRODUCTION

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c

INVENTORIES

BRAZIL

CHILE

COLOMBIA

ARGENTINA

São Paulo

Metropolitan

Area

Campinas

Metropolitan

Area

Sorocaba City

São Jos

é

dos Campos City

São Paulo

Metropolitan

Area

Campinas

Metropolitan

Area

Sorocaba City

São Jos

é

dos Campos City

(CETESB

(CETESB ––http://http://www.cetesb.sp.gov.brwww.cetesb.sp.gov.br))

Rio de Janeiro

Metropolitan

Area

(FEEMA

(FEEMA––http://http://www.feema.rj.gov.brwww.feema.rj.gov.br))

Porto Alegre

Metropolitan

Area

Teixeira et al. [2008] Teixeira et al. [2008]

Santiago City

Schmitz [2005] Schmitz [2005]

Bogot

á

City

GIIA

GIIA (Centro de Investigaciones en Ingenier(Centro de Investigaciones en Ingenieríía Ambiental)a Ambiental) Universidad de

Universidad deLos AndesLos Andes

Buenos Aires

Metropolitan

Area

Dangiola

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METHODOLOGY

v

Vehicles Density X CO em isions

R2_{= 0.86} 0.E+00 5.E-09 1.E-08 2.E-08 2.E-08 3.E-08 3.E-08 0 1 2 3 4

Vehicles Density (Thousands of vehicles/km2₎

C O M o b il e S o u rc e s (k g /m 2s )

Ve hicle s Dens ity X NOx em issions

R2_{= 0.82} 0.E+00 1.E-09 2.E-09 3.E-09 4.E-09 5.E-09 6.E-09 7.E-09 8.E-09 9.E-09 0 1 2 3 4

Vehicles Density (Thousands of ve hicles/km2₎

N O x M o b il e S o u rc e e m is s io n ( k g /m 2s )

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SOME EXAMPLES SOME EXAMPLES 0.0E+00 2.0E-09 4.0E-09 6.0E-09 8.0E-09 1.0E-08 1.2E-08 1.4E-08 1.6E-08

Campinas Sorocaba Rio de

Janeiro

Buenos Aires São Paulo Bogotá

Cities C O ( k g /m 2s ) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 C O ( x G g /y e a r) CO updated (kg/m2s) CO RETRO Original (kg/m2s) CO updated (x 1000 kg/year) CO RETRO original (x 1000 kg/year)

0.0E+00 5.0E-10 1.0E-09 1.5E-09 2.0E-09 2.5E-09 3.0E-09 3.5E-09 4.0E-09 4.5E-09

Campinas Sorocaba Rio de Janeiro São Paulo Santiago

Cities N O x ( k g /m 2s ) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 N O x ( G g /y e a r) NOx updated (kg/m2s) NOx RETRO Original (kg/m2s) NOx updated (x 1000 kg/year) NOx RETRO original (x 1000 kg/year)

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METHODOLOGY

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION FOLLOW THE POINT IN POLYGON ALGORITHM CONCE

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION FOLLOW THE POINT IN POLYGON ALGORITHM CONCEPTPT

Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions (x 107_kg/a).

Upgraded CO emission (x 107_kg/ano)

This

information

is

interpolated to the model

grid using the geometrical

algorithm Point in Polygon.

The urban area is obtained

using the AVHRR/NOAA land

cover product [2].

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Validation

: CCATT

-

BRAMS MODEL

--

CCATT

-

BRAMS is an

Eulerian

chemistry transport model that solves the mass conservation

equation for tracer mixing ratios including: advection, turbulen

ce in the Planetary Boundary

Layer (PBL), wet and dry deposition, a plume rise scheme, and sh

allow and deep

convection. The model also includes chemical reactions and inter

action between tracers

and radiation (short and long wave) [

Freitas

, 2007 and Longo, 2007].

SOME CHARACTERISTICS:

--

Chemical

initial

and

boundary

conditions

;

--

Photolysis

ratio

from

the

FAST TUV

model

;

--

Chemistry

Mechanisms

: RACM, RADM2

and

CB07.

Freitas, 2005 Freitas, 2005 H H 2 2OO22 NO NO 2 2 NO NO HO HO 2 2 OH OH RH RH RO RO 2 2 NO NO 2 2 NO NO RO RO O O 3 3 O O 2 2 O O 2 2 R R --HHOO NO NO 2 2 H H 2 2OO HCHO HCHO O O 2 2 HO HO 2 2 ROOH ROOH HO HO 2 2 O O 3 3

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RESULTS

Example

:

Southeastern

Brazil

Original

Upgraded

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Period

:

September

/2004

Grid

:

15 km

resolution

Atmospheric

IC

and

BC

from

T126L42 Global

model

CPTEC/INPE

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 Local Time T e m p e ra tu re ( c e u s iu s d e g re e s ) Observated Simulated 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 1 :0 0 Local Time R e la ti v e U m id it y ( % ) Observated Simulated

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RESULTS

Hour Average (Septe mber 2004)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 1 :0 0 3 :0 0 5 :0 0 7 :0 0 9 :0 0 1 1 :0 0 1 3 :0 0 1 5 :0 0 1 7 :0 0 1 9 :0 0 2 1 :0 0 2 3 :0 0 Local Tim e C O ( p p m )

Hour Average (September 2004)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1 :0 0 3 :0 0 5 :0 0 7 :0 0 9 :0 0 1 1 :0 0 1 3 :0 0 1 5 :0 0 1 7 :0 0 1 9 :0 0 2 1 :0 0 2 3 :0 0 Local Time N O ( u g /m 3 )

Hour Average (September 2004)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 :0 0 3 :0 0 5 :0 0 7 :0 0 9 :0 0 1 1 :0 0 1 3 :0 0 1 5 :0 0 1 7 :0 0 1 9 :0 0 2 1 :0 0 2 3 :0 0 Local Time N O 2 ( u g /m 3 ) Hourly

HourlyAverageAverage((SeptemberSeptember2004)2004)

Hourly

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Footprint

[

Percent

of

megacities

influence

/

September

2007]

Ozone

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CONCLUSIONS

--

The global scale anthropogenic emission database (RETRO) has bee

n

updated with South American local inventories;

--

The

CO

and

NOX

concentrations

have

been

improved

;

--

The

update

of

the

emissions

and

the

spatial

distribution

is

important

to

better

represent

emissions

of

megacities

on

a regional

scale

.

PERSPECTIVES

In the forthcoming phase of this project, simulations for recent years

over South America will be performed. The last stage will address

the inclusion of climate change scenarios for South American

megacities with the objective of studying the regional climate change

associated with urban expansion and atmospheric chemical

composition change.

This work has been carried out with the aid of a grant from the

Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) CRN II 2017 which is

supported by the US National Science Foundation (Grant GEO-0452325).

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Marcelo.alonso@cptec.inpe.br

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