ORAL SESSIONS
Wednesday, 17 May 2017
OS1 – Psychology & Behaviour
OS1:OC19Is food addiction a singular and distinct entity from binge eating?
Long, C.1; Blundell, J.1; Finlayson, G.1
1University of Leeds
Introduction: The concept of ‘food addiction’ (FA) has stimulated a surge
in research and debate in the scientific literature recently. Much research depends on the use of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) to categorise individuals as ‘food addicts’. A systematic review found that YFAS ‘diagno-ses’ are consistently associated with binge eating, warranting investigation into whether the YFAS is able to identify any unique ‘addiction-like’ qual-ities beyond those already accounted for by the Binge Eating Scale (BES).
Methods: A large cross-sectional study of male and female UK adults
(N: 667, minimum age: 18, mean: 26.27, SD: 11.05) was conducted be-tween April 2015 and March 2016. The questionnaires measured a range of eating-related behaviours, consumption of alcohol and drugs, addictive behavioural traits and psychological wellbeing, including the Control of Eating Questionnaire, Power of Food Scale, Three Factor Eating Ques-tionnaire (disinhibition subscale), Eating Disorder Examination (restraint subscale), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Drug Abuse Screen-ing Test, Addiction Prone Personality Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, World Health Organisation Quality of Life, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Perceived Stress Scale.
Results: 7.6% of the sample met the YFAS criteria for ‘food addiction’
(N = 51) whilst the mean ‘symptom count’ was 1.88 (SD: 1.45). YFAS ‘symptom count’ correlated most strongly with BES (R = 0.66). The BES correlated as strongly as YFAS with all other measures of eating pathology, addictive personality and psychological wellbeing.
Conclusions: Based on the remarkably similar overlap between the YFAS
and BES with other eating, wellbeing or addiction-related behaviours, these results suggest that any unique behaviours supposedly identified by the YFAS do not appear to be distinct from binge eating. A clear definition of FA as a distinct condition is needed before there can any scientific basis for its validation.
Conflict of Interest: None Disclosed
Funding: Sugar Nutrition UK funded research relating to this abstract
OS1:OS20
How important is fatness to young children’s friendship choices, preferences, and self-identification?
Charsley, J.1; Collins, S.1; Hill, A.1
1University of Leeds
Introduction: Evidence that young children may display anti-fat attitudes
is testimony to the pervasiveness of stigma and prejudice directed at peo-ple with obesity. This also presents a practical challenge to those working in early intervention or prevention; how not to introduce or escalate this negativity. In fact, there’s a lot we don’t know about young children’s views
on fatness, especially relative to other physical differences. Accordingly, this study used a Personal Construct methodology to investigate whether fatness dominated young children’s judgements of physical appearance.
Methods: N = 85 Primary school children (m = 5.7 yr) were presented
with detailed colour drawings of visibly different child characters: fat, op-posite sex, in a wheelchair, or same sex and health weight (‘standard’). Using a simple repertory grid, children identified the main differences between pairs of characters, which of each pair they would choose as a friend, and which they were most similar/different to and preferred. The choices and reasons given were recorded and transcribed.
Results: Being fat, the opposite sex, or in a wheelchair were equally likely
to be identified as most different from the standard character. A differ-ence in body weight or shape was mentioned in only 8% of the reasons given. More common were differences in sex (12%), hair (20%), being in a wheelchair (27%), and the clothes worn (29%). There were no differences in friendship choices between characters, with children significantly more likely to choose the character who was the same sex, not in a wheelchair, and not fat. Fatness was referred to in only 11% of reasons for rejection as a friend. More physical than social reasons were apparent in children’s preferences for, and rejection of, character features for themselves. Again, there was little distinctive about the fat character in comparison with that of the opposite sex or in a wheelchair. There was variation in children’s views and occasional extreme views. One of the 2 most overweight chil-dren identified fatness as the most important difference and as the char-acter they would least like to be. They also expressed strong anti-fat views.
Conclusion: This combined Personal Construct and listening approach
allowed young children to give ‘first person’ views on fatness relative to other visible differences. That a character’s fatness was of low importance in the great majority of these social and identity choices does not contra-dict the wider literature on obesity stigma. Rather, it is a reminder to those working with young children that how we see the world may be different to their world view, for a time at least.
Conflict of Interest: None Funding: None
OS1:OC21
Associations between health-related quality of life and body mass index in Portuguese adolescents: LabMed Physical Activity Study
Evaristo, S.1; Moreira, C.1; Santos, R.2; Lopes, L.1; Abreu, S.1; Mota, J.1
1CIAFEL - FADEUP, 2Ciafel - Fadeup; 2Early Start Research Institute, Faculty Of
Social Sciences. University Of Wollongong, Australia
Introduction: In adolescence there are several biological and
phycolog-ical changes associated with overweight and obesity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the associations between Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and body mass index (BMI) in adolescents.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of 957 Portuguese adolescents
(446 girls and 511 boys) aged 12–18 years. A series of variables were col-lected: a) HRQoL was assessed using the Kidscreen-10 questionnaire; b) Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured using the Family Affluence Scale; c) body composition (weigh, height) were measured according to standard protocols and, d) pubertal stage was assessed with Tanner stages.
Results:HRQoL was significantly higher in boys than girls (p < 0.05). The
prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.5% and 6.7% in girls and 21.3% and 5% in boys, respectively. The association between HRQoL with Obesity Facts 2017;10(suppl 1):1-259
Doi:10.1159/000468958
BMI controlling for age, pubertal stage and SES, showed that HRQoL-was inversely and significantly associated with BMI in boys (β = –0.130; p < 0.05) and girls (β = –0.148; p < 0.05).
Conclusions:Our results suggest that HRQoL was significantly and
in-versely associated with BMI in both sexes. Public health policies targeting a healthy weight could be a strategy of particular interest for improving the HRQoL of adolescents.
Conflict of Interest: None Disclosed.
Funding: The Research Centre on Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL)
is supported by FCT grant: UID/DTP/00617/2013. OS1:OC22
Patterns of public opinions about obesity and people with obesity in Sweden, UK, Germany, and Italy
Kyle, T.1; Pietrobelli, A.2; Nadglowski, J.3; Pauli, D.4; Hilbert, A.5; Salas, X.6;
Thomas, D.7; Puhl, R.8
1ConscienHealth, 2Pediatric Unit, Verona University Medical School, Verona,
Italy, 3Obesity Action Coalition, Tampa, FL, USA, 4G.B. Rossi Hospital, Verona,
Italy, 5Integrated Research And Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University
Of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany, 6Canadian Obesity Network,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 7Center For Quantitative Obesity Research,
Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA, 8Rudd Center For Food Policy And
Obesity, University Of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
Introduction: Weight bias (WB) is an impediment to progress toward
adoption of evidence-based strategies to address obesity. Substantial social, economic, medical, and economic harm to people with obesity (PwO) results from WB. Key elements of WB include blame directed at PwO, assumptions of laziness or poor discipline, and social rejection. Recent evidence found a consistent presence of WB in 4 countries*, but limited international comparisons exist to understand the nature and pat-terns of these attitudes across countries. The present research measured beliefs about the causes of obesity, and also beliefs and attitudes about PwO in Sweden (SE), UK, Germany (DE), and Italy (IT).
Methods: Random samples totaling 34,220 adults completed anonymous,
voluntary online surveys between Oct 2016 and Jan 2017. Microsurveys required only one response per participant to reduce fatigue with multiple questions. Likert scales (5-points) measured agreement with 4 narratives regarding causes of obesity, as well as perceptions of blame, social ac-ceptance, laziness, and self-discipline of PwO. Descriptive statistics were analyzed to identify significant differences between and within the four countries.
Results: Agreement that obesity results from addictive junk food was
high in all 4 countries, highest in SE (mean agreement 3.8 ± 0.1) and IT (3.9 ± 0.1). Belief in irresponsibility as a cause of obesity was higher in UK respondents (3.3 ± 0.1) than in DE (2.8 ± 0.1). Respondents agreed with environmental causes of obesity in all 4 countries. Agreement that obesity is a medical concern was higher in DE (3.2 ± 0.1) than in UK (2.9 ± 0.1). Belief that PwO should be blamed was highest in UK (3.4 ± 0.1), lowest in DE (2.9 ± 0.1). Measures of social acceptance varied less among the dif-ferent countries than attribution of blame. Respondents in IT were more likely to attribute laziness to PwO (3.5 ± 0.1 vs 2.8 to 3.2).
Conclusion: Public beliefs associated with WB vary among these four
countries. Belief that addictive junk food plays a causative role is wide-spread and especially strong in Italy and Sweden. Further research is needed to assess changes in these beliefs over time and to assess reasons for the patterns observed here. Understanding these patterns and reasons for them may be helpful for strategies to reduce WB.
Conflict of Interest: None disclosed
Funding: Research relating to this abstract was funded by a grant from Novo
Nor-disk
References:
1 Puhl et al, 2015, IJO, 39(7).
OS1:OC23
Bidirectional associations between psychosocial well-being and adherence to healthy dietary guidelines in European children: Prospective findings from the IDEFICS study Arvidsson, L.1; Eiben, G.1; Hunsberger, M.1; Bourdeaudhuij, I.2; Molnar, D.3;
Jilani, H.4; Thumann, B.4; Veidebaum, T.5; Russo, P.6; Tornatitis, M.7;
Santaliestra-Pasías, A.8; Pala, V.9; Lissner, L.1
1Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), The Sahlgrenska
Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2Department Of Movement And Sport
Sciences, Ghent University, 3Department Of Paediatrics, Clinical Center,
University Of Pécs, 4Leibniz Institute For Prevention Research And Epidemiology
– Bips, 5National Institute For Health Development, 6Institute Of Food
Sciences, Cnr, 7Research And Education Institute Of Child Health Ref, 8Genud
(Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, And Development) Research Group, University Of Zaragoza, 9Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department Of Preventive Medicine,
Fondazione Ircss Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori
Introduction: In children the relationship between a healthy diet and
psy-chosocial well-being has not been fully explored and the existing evidence is inconsistent. This study investigates the chronology of the association between children’s adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and well-being, with special attention to the influence of weight status on the association.
Methods: 7,675 children 2 to 9 years old from the eight-country cohort
study IDEFICS were investigated. They were first examined between Sep-tember 2007 and June 2008 and re-examined again two years later. Psy-chosocial well-being was measured using self-esteem and parent relations questions from the KINDL® and emotional and peer problems from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A Healthy Dietary Adherence Score (HDAS) was calculated from a 43-item food frequency question-naire as a measure of the degree to which children’s dietary intake follows nutrition guidelines. The analysis employed multilevel logistic regression with bidirectional modelling of dichotomous dietary and well-being vari-ables as both exposures and outcomes.
Results: A higher HDAS at baseline predicted better self-esteem (OR 1.2,
95% CI 1.0;1.4) and fewer emotional and peer problems (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1;1.3 and OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2;1.4) two years later. For the reversed direction, better self-esteem predicted higher HDAS two years later (OR 1.1 95% CI 1.0;1.29). The stratified analysis by weight status revealed that the associations between higher HDAS at baseline and better well-being at follow-up were similar in both normal weight and overweight children.
Conclusion: Present findings suggest a bidirectional relation between diet
quality and self-esteem. Additionally, higher adherence to healthy dietary guidelines at baseline was associated with fewer emotional and peer prob-lems at follow-up, independent of children’s weight status.
Conflict of Interest: None Disclosed
Funding: Research relating to this abstract was funded by the European
Commis-sion within the Sixth RTD Framework Programme Contract No. 016181 (FOOD) with additional financial support from Epilife TEENS
OS1:OC24
Tracking diet variety in childhood and its association with appetitive traits
Vilela, S.1; Hetherington, M.2; Oliveira, A.1; Lopes, C.1
1EPIUnit Institute of Public Healt of Porto University, 2School Of Psychology,
University Of Leeds
Introduction: Research on influence of early eating habits on
appetite-re-lated eating behaviors using a prospective approach is scarce, especially in children. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between changes in diet variety from 4 to 7 years of age and child appetitive traits measured at 7 years of age.
Methods: Participants are from the population-based birth cohort
Gen-eration XXI, assembled in Porto, Portugal during 2005/2006. The pres-ent analysis included 4371 evaluated at both 4y and 7y follow-ups, with complete data on food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at 4y, and complete information on the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ),
at 7y. Weight and height were measured at both evaluations. A healthy diet variety index (HDVI) was calculated at both ages using FFQ, considering variety within and among the five main food groups (starchy foods (in-cluding potatoes), fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and alternatives and dairy foods). The weighted numbers of servings consumed of each food group were summed; the maximum score was 5. To assess tracking of dietary va-riety, tertiles of HDVI scores were calculated at both ages then re-catego-rized as ‘maintain’ for those children who remained within their allocated tertile from 4 to 7 years, ‘increase’ for those children whose dietary variety score moved to a higher tertile and ‘decrease’ for those children whose dietary variety fell to a lower tertile. Associations between tracked tertile (maintain, increase and decrease) and eating traits measured by the CEBQ were evaluated through linear regression models.
Results: The HDVI score decreased from 4 to 7 years (mean (SD): 4.01
(0.52) and 3.60 (0.35), p < 0.001, respectively), with a large effect size (0.8). In both girls and boys HDVI scores showed a high stability (>0.33) and a positive predictive value (>1.0). Compared to girls, boys presented a high-er tracking of diet variety. Increasing dietary variety was invhigh-ersely associ-ated with food fussiness at age 7y in both girls and boys (β: –0.12; 95% CI: –0.19, –0.04 and β: –0.13; 95% CI: –0.20,–0.05, respectively) and satiety responsiveness’, only in girls (β: –0.09; 95% CI: –0.15, –0.02). Decreased dietary variety was linked to higher scores in food fussiness in both girls and boys (β: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.23 and β: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.10,0.27, re-spectively).
Conclusion: Overall dietary variety decreased from 4 to 7 years of age
with a moderate tracking in both girls and boys. A low dietary variety was predicted by fussy eating in both boys and girls, and with satiety respon-siveness in girls.
Conflict of Interest: None Disclosed
Funding: FCT (FCT-PTDC/SAU-EPI/121532/2010) - Operational Programme
Factors of Competitivenes (COMPETE).
OS2 – Metabolic Outcomes
OS2:OC50MRI-FAT quantification of the liver, subcutaneous and visceral fatty tissue and correlation with blood lipids in patients before and after bariatric surgery
Wölnerhanssen, B.1; Nabers, D.2; Moor, M.3; Borgwardt, S.3; Peterli, R.3;
Beglinger, C.3; Meyer-Gerspach, A.3; Bieri, O.4
1Department of Research, St. Claraspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 2Division Of
Medical And Biological Informatics, German Cancer Research Center (Dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany, 3S/S, 4Department Of Radiology, University Hospital
Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized
by atherogenic dyslipidemia. NAFLD patients are at an increased risk for both cardiac and non-cardiac vascular diseases. The effect of bariatric surgery on fat distribution in the liver has so far been studied with liver biopsies and single voxel MR techniques. In this study, liver fat fraction (LFF), subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was assessed using MRI in combination with blood lipids to monitor the efficiency of bariatric surgery.
Methods: In 11 morbidly obese patients an iterative decomposition of
water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) approach was used for whole liver fat quantification in combination with a 2-point Dixon technique for volumetric fat imaging of adipose tissue pre- and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. SAT and VAT adipose tissue volumes were assessed from fat images and separated by statistical shape models. Serum: total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TG were measured.
Results: LFF, SAT and VAT volumes decreased postoperatively with a
good phenomenological description using an exponential model of form . t is the time (in days) after intervention, A = [A1, A2, …, A11] refers to the individual patient specific LFF, SAT or VAT volumes, in combination with
a global time constant TLFF,VAT,SAT for each measure. The LFF reduced the fastest, (time constant: TLFF = 96 ± 28 d), followed by SAT (TSAT = 140 ± 18
d), and VAT (TVAT = 170 ± 21 d). LFF measures showed a clear correlation
with total cholesterol, cholesterol/HDL ratio and LDL (each: p < 0.001) and a trend for HDL (p = 0.006). Decrease in VAT and SAT did not cor-relate with blood lipids.
Conclusions: 1) Decrease of body fat after bariatric surgery follows a
dis-tinct time pattern: liver fat decreases fastest followed by subcutaneous and last visceral fat, 2) decrease in liver fat correlates with changes in blood lipids.
Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest
The trial was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF: Marie Heim-Voegtlin subsidy: PMPDP3-145486/1)
OS2:OC51
Effect of a lifestyle intervention in obese infertile women on cardiometabolic health and quality of life
Dammen, L.1; Wekker, V.2; Oers, A.3; Mutsaerts, M.4; Painter, R.2;
Zwinderman, A.5; Groen, H.1; Beek, C.2; Kobold, A.6; Land, J.1;
Kuchenbecker, W.7; Golde, R.8; Oosterhuis, G.9; Vogel, N.10; Mol, B.11;
Roseboom, T.2; Group, A.3
1Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen , University Medical
Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands,
2Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecology, Academic Medical Center,
University Of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 Az Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 3Department Of Obstetrics And Gynecology, University
Of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 Rb Groningen, The Netherlands, 4Department Of General Practice,
University Medical Center Utrecht, University Of Utrecht, 3508 Ga Utrecht, The Netherlands, 5Department Of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics And
Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, University Of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 Az Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 6Department Of Laboratory Medicine, University Of Groningen,
University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 Rb Groningen, The Netherlands, 7Department Of Gynecology And Obstetrics, Isala Clinics,
Dokter Van Heesweg 2, 8025 Ab Zwolle, The Netherlands, 8Department Of
Gynecology And Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 Hx Maastricht, The Netherlands,
9St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 Cm Nieuwegein, The Netherlands, 10Martini Hospital, Van Swietenplein 1, 9728 Nt Groningen, The Netherlands, 11Robinson Research Institute, School Of Medicine, University Of Adelaide, Sa
5006, Australia
Introduction: The prevalence of obesity, an important cardiometabolic
disease risk factor, is rising in women. Current international guidelines state that lifestyle adjustments are the cornerstone of the primary preven-tion and treatment of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. The success of lifestyle interventions depend on intrinsic motivation, but also timing. The start of infertility treatment might be a perfect window of opportunity to improve lifestyle. We hypothesize that a lifestyle intervention program prior to infertility treatment improves cardiometabolic health and quality of life in obese infertile women.
Methods: Between 2009–2012, 577 obese infertile women were
random-ized to a 6 month lifestyle intervention preceding infertility treatment (intervention group), or to prompt infertility treatment (control group). Women were between 18 and 39 years old and had a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 29. The intervention aimed at 5–10% weight loss or a BMI < 29. Outcome measures were anthropometrics, blood pressure, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipids, glucose, insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) at 3 and 6 months. Quality of life (QoL) was measured at 3, 6, and 12 months. Mixed effects regression models analy-ses were performed. Results are displayed as estimated mean differences between the groups.
Results: Weight (–3.1 kg 95% CI: –4.0 – –2.2 kg; P < 0.001), waist
circum-ference (–2.4 cm 95% CI: –3.6 – –1.1 cm; P < 0.001), hip circumcircum-ference (–3.0 95% CI: –4.2 – –1.9 cm; P < 0.001), BMI (–1.2 kg/m2 95% CI: –1.5 – –0.8 kg/m2; P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (–2.8 mmHg 95% CI:
–5.0 – –0.7 mmHg; P = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (–0.5 95% CI: –0.8 – –0.1; P = 0.01) were lower in the intervention group as compared to controls. Hs-CRP and lipids did not differ between groups. The odds ratio for MetS in the intervention group was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.33–0.85; P < 0.01) compared to controls. Physical QoL scores were higher in the lifestyle intervention group (2.2 95% CI: 0.9 – 3.5; P = 0.001) while mental QoL scores did not differ.
Conclusion: In obese infertile women, a lifestyle intervention leads to
better cardiometabolic health and physical quality of life compared to prompt infertility treatment.
Trial registration: NTR1530.
Conflict of Interest:The department of obstetrics and gynecology of the UMCG
received an unrestricted educational grant from Ferring pharmaceuticals BV, The Netherlands. B. W. Mol is a consultant for ObsEva.
Funding: Research relating to this abstract was funded by ZonMw grant:
50-50110-96-518 and supported by Dutch Heart Foundation grant: 2013T085. OS2:OC52
Changes in physical fitness, hepatic markers, and insulin resistance after an 8-months multicomponent intervention program with Down syndrome adolescents
Silva, E.1; Silva, T.2; Lemos, L.3; Mota, J.4; Martins, C.1
1Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2Faculdade Maurício De Nassau, 3Universidade Federal Da Paraíba; Centro Universitário Unipê; Faculdade
Maurício De Nassau, 4Universidade Do Porto
Introduction: The Down Syndrome population has low levels of
physi-cal fitness (PF) (EID., 2015) and higher risk for diabetes (PIKORA et al., 2015) and hepatic dysfunction (MAY and KAWANISH., 1996) when com-pared to the population without the syndrome.
Objective: To analyze pre and post values of insulin resistance
(HO-MA-IR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and PF after an 8-months multicomponent intervention with Down Syndrome adolescents.
Method: This is a quasi-experimental, time series study, with before and
after exposure measurements. The sample was comprised by 17 adoles-cents with Down Syndrome (15.3 ± 2.4 year-olds;10 boys and 7 girls). An 8–months intervention based on physical exercise classes, nutritional ed-ucation, and parental support was offered. Physical exercises classes took 60 minutes, twice a week, and prioritized physical fitness and motor co-ordination exercises. Nutritional education happened once a month, and was proposed for parents and participants. Parental support component consisted of physical exercise classes for parent and the same time as their sons. The cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated by Shuttle-Run Test, and the upper limbs strength by dynamometry (Jamar). Blood was collected through venipuncture and Homa-IR values were calculated. ALT and AST were determined by blood collection through venipuncture. The paired t-test was used to identify the differences between pre and post-interven-tion mean values, with SPSS software (21.0).
Results: Volunteers participated in 85% of the physical exercise sessions.
Statistically significant decreases were observer for HOMA-IR (pre = 2.7 ± 1.8 versus post = 1.5 ± 0.5, Δ = –1.2, p = 0.01,) ALT (pre = 22.2 ± 1.4 Versus post = 17.8 ± 0.9 Δ = –4.4, p = 0.01) and AST (pre = 21.4 ± 1.1 versus post = 19.5 ± 0.7 Δ = –1, 9, p = 0.02). It was also observed a better profile for cardiorespiratory fitness (pre = 4.6 ± 0.9 versus post = 6.2 ± 0.8, Δ = 1.6, p = 0.01) and upper limbs strength (pre = 8.2 ± 1.1 versus post = 9.7 ± 1.2; Δ = 1.5 p = 0.01).
Conclusion: Down Syndrome adolescents involved in an 8-months
mul-ticomponent intervention program presented a better insulin resistance and hepatic marker profiles, as well as increased values for physical fitness after the proposed intervention.
Conflict of Interest: We declare that you have no conflict of interest Funding: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
OS2:OC53
A randomised controlled trial assessing the impact of intermittent vs continuous energy restriction on blood pressure and anthropometry in healthy subjects with central obesity. “The Met-IER study”
Pinto, A.1; Bordoli, C.1; Buckner, L.1; Kaplan, P.1; Arenal, I.1; Jeffcock, E.1;
Kim, C.1; Johnston, K.2; Hall, W.1
1Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, 2Lighterlife Uk Ltd
Intermittent energy restriction (IER) as a method of weight manage-ment is gaining interest as an alternative to continuous energy restriction (CER). Here we present data assessing changes in anthropometry and blood pressure (BP) from a study which compared the short-term effects of IER versus CER. A parallel-design, RCT in 45 healthy men and women (aged 35–75 y) with central obesity was undertaken. IER was 2 consecu-tive days of very low energy diet (VLED; LighterLife UK Ltd) plus a 5-d healthy eating pattern for 4 weeks. CER comprised -500 kcal/day healthy eating pattern. The primary outcome was insulin sensitivity (Pinto et al., abstract). Secondary outcomes included ambulatory BP, body weight, BMI, waist circumference and % body fat. Treatment effects were assessed at endpoint (at least 2 days after the last VLED day for IER) by ANCO-VA (adjusted for baseline, sex and compliance). Baseline weights were (mean±SD, n = 43) 102 ± 17 kg in men and 83 ± 17 kg in women. Per-centage weight loss did not significantly differ between groups: IER, -3.1% (95%CI -3.9, -2.3); CER, -2.7% (95%CI -3.5, -1.9). There were no signif-icant differences in percentage reductions in waist circumference (IER, -3.4%, 95%CI -4.8, -2.0; CER, -3.0%, 95%CI -4.4, -1.6) nor percentage body fat reduction between groups. Twenty-four hour systolic ambulato-ry BP (ABP) was 6.7 mm Hg lower (95% CI 1.1, 12.3, P = 0.020) following IER compared to CER, and 24 h diastolic ABP was 4.3 mm Hg lower (95% CI 1.2, 7.3, P = 0.009). Similar differences were found for awake systolic ABP (CER-IER mean difference 7.9 mm Hg; 95% CI 1.4, 14.4, P = 0.019) and awake diastolic ABP (CER-IER mean difference 4.5 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.9, 8.1, P = 0.017). There were no treatment differences in night-time ABP. Selecting either a standard CER diet or “5:2” IER diet, in combi-nation with adherence to healthy eating guidelines, results in equivalent weight loss and changes in body composition, but IER resulted in greater reductions in 24 h and day-time systolic and diastolic ABP.
Conflicts of Interest: KLJ is employed by LighterLife UK Ltd
Funding: Research relating to this abstract was funded by LighterLife UK Ltd
OS2:OC54
Metabolically healthy obese and incident cardiovascular disease events among 3.5 million men and women in the UK Caleyachetty, R.1; Thomas, G.1; Toulis, K.1; Mohammed, N.1; Gokhale, K.1;
Nirantharakumar, K.1
1The Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham
Introduction: Whether metabolically healthy obese (MHO) is
associat-ed with excess risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD) events is a subject of debate. Important limitations to the evidence base include inconsistent definitions of metabolic health, inconsistent control for confounders, and small sample sizes. We sought to address these limitations in a large con-temporary cohort, based on linked electronic health records. Our objec-tive was to examine the association of MHO with 4 different presentations of incident CVD.
Methods: We used linked electronic health records from 1995 to 2015 in
The Health Improvement Network (THIN) to assemble a cohort of 3.5 million individuals aged 18 years or older and initially free from CVD. We categorised our population in groups according to BMI and the pres-ence or abspres-ence of 3 metabolic abnormalities (diabetes, hypertension, hy-perlipidemia) which were summed to create a metabolic abnormalities score (0, 1, 2 and 3). We classified MHO individuals as having 0 metabolic abnormalities. The primary endpoints were the first record of one of 4
cardiovascular presentations [coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovas-cular disease, heart failure, and peripheral vascerebrovas-cular disease (PVD)]. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between MHO and CVD events. Patient’s age, sex, self-reported smoking status, and social deprivation were included in models.
Results: Compared to normal weight individuals with 0 metabolic
abnor-malities, individuals who were obese with 0 metabolic abnormalities had an increased risk of CHD (adjusted HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.45,1.54), cerebro-vascular disease (adjusted HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04,1.11) and heart failure (adjusted HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.86, 2.06). MHO individuals had a lower risk of PVD (adjusted HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86,0.96). In sensitivity analyses that excluded cigarette smokers, obese individuals with 0 metabolic abnor-malities had a significantly increased risk of developing PVD (adjusted HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00,1.24). Risk of CVD events in obese individuals in-creased with inin-creased number of metabolic abnormalities.
Conclusion: This is the largest prospective study of the association
be-tween the MHO and a range of incident CVD events. MHO individuals are at higher risk of CHD, cerebrovascular disease and heart failure than normal weight metabolically healthy individuals. The priority of health professionals should be to promote and facilitate weight loss among obese persons, regardless of the presence or absence of metabolic abnormalities. Conflict of Interest: None Disclosed
Funding: No Funding
OS3 – Adipose Tissue Biology
OS3:OC1The actions of elevated BNP on adipose tissue adaptations during chronic pressure overload
Gonçalves, N.1; Moura, C.1; Silva, A.1; Rodrigues, P.1; Conceição, G.1;
Santos, M.1; Jr, R.1; Leite-Moreira, A.1; Falcão-Pires, I.1
1Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia – Faculdade de Medicina da
Universidade do Porto
Introduction: The progression of chronic pressure overload (CPO) is
as-sociated to cardiac cachexia as a consequence of insufficient energy supply. Additionally, some studies demonstrate that the heart secretes cardiokines able to modulate the adipose tissue (AT) structure and function promot-ing adiposopathy. In this study we investigate the effects of CPO in AT.
Methods: Wistar rats were submitted to aortic banding (Ba group; 0.6mm
diameter) or sham procedure (Sham group). After 8 weeks, left ventric-ular (LV) function and structure (echocardiography and invasive hemo-dynamics) was evaluated and samples (LV and AT) collected for histo-logical and molecular evaluations. Plasma was obtained for quantification of circulating B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Finally, visceral AT from normal rats was incubated with the BNP plasma concentrations detected in the Sham and Ba group (0.27 and 0.47 ng/ml respectively) for 24h and then collected for molecular studies. Data presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 vs =”” sham =”” br = ””>
Results: Eight-weeks of banding increased LV systolic pressure (Ba:
153 ± 10.5* vs Sham 110 ± 3.6) and triggered cardiac remodeling (Heart weight Ba: 3.3 ± 0.30* vs Sham 2.3 ± 0.05) with fibrosis (Ba: 6 ± 0.9* vs Sham 4 ± 0.5) and cardiomyocytes’ hypertrophy (Ba: 484 ± 33.6* vs Sham 382 ± 23.6) when compared to Sham animals. The same group was at a compensated stage of the disease with higher ejection fraction (Ba: 89 ± 1.9* vs Sham 78 ± 0.9), however a stiffer myocardium was observed with increased end diastolic pressure-volume relation (Ba: 0.11 ± 0.031* vs Sham 0.04 ± 0.006) and passive force of isolated cardiomyocytes (Ba: 4.4 ± 0.57* vs Sham 3.3 ± 0.29). Despite similar adiposity between the 2 groups (Ba: 7.5 ± 0.25 vs Sham 7.9 ± 0.88), aortic constriction triggered adipocyte atrophy (Ba: 1287 ± 85.1*vs Sham 1659 ± 103.8) as well as AT increased fibrosis (Ba: 8.7 ± 0.61* vs Sham 7.2 ± 0.31) and dysfunction,
as observed by overexpression of pro-inflammatory adipokines (TNFα Ba: 0.06 ± 0.018*vs Sham 0.03 ± 0.013; IL1β Ba: 0.28 ± 0.15* vs Sham 0.04 ± 0.01). The incubation of AT from normal rats with BNP confirmed that the elevated circulatory levels of this cardiokine were able to induced increased expression of pro-inflammatory adipokines by the AT (TNFα Ba: 31125 ± 1455* vs Sham 26380 ± 1428; IL1β Ba: 12221 ± 1086* vs Sham 9038 ± 678).
Conclusion: We demonstrated that higher circulatory levels of BNP
pro-moted by LV CPO are able to induce adiposopathy characterized by re-modeling of the AT and overexpression of pro-inflammatory adipokines. Research relating to this abstract was funded by Projeto DOCnet – Dia-betes & obsity at the crossroads between Oncological and Cardiovascular diseases – a system analysis NETwork towards precision medicine, Ref.ª NORTE-01-0145-Feder-000003,financiado pelo N2020.
OS3:OC2
Insulin resistance is associated with a specific methylation profile of visceral adipose tissue in obese patients
González-Izquierdo A.1; Carreira M.C.2; Moreno-Navarrete J.M.3; Amil M.2;
Díaz-Lagares A.4; Casanueva F.F.2; Fernandez-Real J.M.3; Crujeiras A.B.2
1Molecular Endocrinology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario
de Santiago (CHUS-IDIS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain., 2
Molecular Endocrinology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario De Santiago (Chus-Idis) And Santiago De Compostela University (Usc); Ciber Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.,
3Department Of Diabetes, Endocrinology And Nutrition, Institut D’Investigació
Biomédica De Girona (Idibgi); Ciber Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y La Nutrición (Ciberobn), Girona, Spain., 4Cancer Epigenetics And Biology Program
(Pebc), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (Idibell), L’Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain.
Introduction: Elucidating the potential mechanisms involved in
con-trolling insulin resistance is an important priority in counteracting obe-sity-associated diseases. We propose that an epigenetic regulation can mediate the susceptibility to insulin resistance in obesity and aimed this study to disentangle the epigenetic basis of insulin resistance by perform-ing a genome-wide epigenetic analysis in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from morbidly obese patients.
Methods: The insulin sensitivity was determined by the clamp technique
(M-clamp value <4.7) in 12 morbidly obese patients. DNA isolated from VAT of 7 insulin-resistant (IR) and 5 insulin-sensitive (IS) patients was hybridized in the HumanMethylation450 Infinium BeadChip array.
Results: Comparing DNA methylation levels between IR and IS, 982 CpG
sites were identified with significant differences between both groups. These differentially methylated CpGs (DMCpGs) were associated with 538 genes, which were able to completely distinguish patients IR of IS. The majority were located in the CpG islands, mainly in the open-sea re-gion. With respect to the chromosomic distribution, those DMCpGs with increased methylation levels in IR were distributed in chromosomes 1, 5, 6, 10, 11, and 13, whereas those DMCpGs with decreased methylation levels in IR were mainly found in chromosomes 12, 16, and 19. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis determined a high number of genes were linked to signal transduction, transcription regulation and cell adhesion. Most of the genes associated with the DMCpGs were significantly (P < 0.001) related with insulin signalling pathways and 10% of them were associated with Diabetes according to the ´´Human Diabetes Proteome Project´´. The current work identified novel IR-related genes epigenetically regu-lated in VAT, such as COL9A1, COL11A2, CD44, MUC4, ADAM2, IG-F2BP1, GATA4, TET1, ZNF714, ADCY9, TBX5, and HDACM
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the existence of a methylome profile
associated with insulin resistance in VAT. The results identify potential epigenetic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in the prevention and treatment of disturbances in insulin sensitivity associated with obesity. The observations of the current work are of foremost relevance as they provide tools for additional personalized treatment for prevention of type 2 diabetes based on epigenetic biomarkers.
Conflict of Interest: None Disclosed
Funding: Research relating to this abstract was funded by grants from the
Fon-do de Investigacion Sanitaria, PE13/00024 and PI14/01012 research projects and CIBERobn (CB06/003) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y Fomento de la Investigación; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
OS3:OC3
Ethnic differences in body fat distribution and the relationship with adipose tissue oestrogen receptor expression.
Keswell, D.1; Tootla, M.1; Goedecke, J.2
1University of Cape Town, 2South African Medical Research Council
Background: Sex hormones play an important role in body fat
distribu-tion. We have previously shown that fat deposition differs between black and white South African (SA) women. Thus the aim of this study was to examine the associations between subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) ex-pression of oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) and aromatase (CYP19A), and body fat distribution among black and white women.
Methods: Body fat distribution (DXA) and gene expression of ERα, ERβ
and CYP19A in abdominal deep SAT (DSAT) and superficial SAT (SSAT), and gluteal SAT were measured in 13 normal-weight and 13 obese black and 12 normal-weight and 10 obese white women.
Results: Gluteal ERα expression was significantly lower (p = 0.002) and
CYP19A expression higher (p < 0.001) in obese versus normal-weight black and white women, while ERα expression was higher (1.078 ± 0.054 vs. 0989 ± 0.052, (P < 0.001)) and ERβ expression lower (0.992 ± 0.058 vs. 1.095 ± 0.065, (P < 0.001)), in black compared to the white women, irrespective of BMI. Furthermore within the gluteal depot CYP19A ex-pression was higher in black compared to white women (1.089 ±0.109 vs. 1.033 ± 0.105, P = 0.030). Gluteal ERα expression was associated with reduced trunk fat mass (FM) in both black and white women (r = –0.41, p = 0.04; r = –0.49, p = 0.02; respectively) and with reduced leg FM in white women only (r = –0.564, p = 0.006).
Conclusions: Ethnic differences in body fat distribution were associated
with regional differences in expression of ERs and support the fundamen-tal differences in the effects of sex hormones on metabolism and body composition in black and white women.
Conflict of Interest: None Disclosed
Funding: Research relating to this abstract was funded by the National Research
Foundation of South Africa and the Astrazeneca Research Trust. OS3:OC4
Unbalanced proteostasis in preadipocytes in obesity-related type 2 diabetes
JSánchez-Ceinos, J.1; Ovelleiro, D.2; del Río-Moreno, M.1;
Pedraza-Arévalo, S.1; Luque, R.1; Castaño, J.P.1; Navarro-Ruiz, M.C.1;
Membrives, A.3; López-Miranda, J.4; Vázquez-Martínez, R.1;
Guzmán-Ruiz, R.1; Malagon, M.M.1
1IMIBIC/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba; CIBER
Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain., 2Área De
Innovación Tecnológica Y Bioinformática, Imibic/University Of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain, 3Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Cirugía
General Y Digestivo, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain., 4Lipids
And Atherosclerosis Unit, Imibic/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University Of Córdoba; Ciberobn, Spain.
Introduction: In obesity, adipocytes present a constellation of stress
processes that compromise their function, including oxidative- and en-doplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress which, together with impaired protein homeostasis (i.e., proteostasis), contribute to the development of insulin resistance (IR). Adipogenesis is also altered in obese individuals with IR/ type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the molecular challenges undergone by preadipocytes in obesity remain not fully elucidated.
Methods: Primary preadipocytes were isolated from the
stromal-vascu-lar fraction of subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) adipose tissue of normoglycaemic (NG) and T2D obese patients. Comparative proteom-ic analysis of SC vs. OM preadipocytes from the two groups of patients was carried out using iTRAQ-coupled LC-MS/MS. Significant pathways identified by quantitative proteomics were further investigated by gene expression and immunoblot analyses.
Results: The human preadipocyte proteome is enriched in proteins
in-volved in signal transduction and cell cycle, metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids, chromatin organization and intracellular traffic. Compara-tive proteomics of human preadipocytes revealed significant depot-spe-cific differences in several key pathways between NG and T2D obese pa-tients, namely mRNA splicing in SC preadipocytes and protein folding in OM preadipocytes. Further analyses confirmed the dysregulation of spli-ceosome components and splicing factors in T2D SC preadipocytes, while changes in members of the unfolded protein response were observed in T2D OM preadipocytes.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that T2D in obesity is associated with the
dysregulation of the cellular machinery involved in protein biogenesis, folding and degradation in the cells responsible for the renewal and main-tenance of the adipose tissue, the preadipocytes.
Conflict of Interest:None disclosed.
Funding: MINECO/FEDER (BFU2013-44229-R; BFU2015-70454-REDT); JJAA/
FEDER (PI–0200/2013); FIS (PIE14_00005), ProteoRed (PRB2), CIBERobn
(IS-CIII). OS3:OC5
Alpha-MSH induces “browning” of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice
Rodrigues, A.1; Salazar, M.1; Rocha-Rodrigues, S.2; Gonçalves, I.2; Cruz, C.1;
Almeida, H.1; Magalhães, J.2; Gouveia, A.3
1Departamento de Biomedicina- Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade
de Medicina do Porto; IBMC – Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal, 2Ciafel – Centro De Investigação Em Actividade Física, Saúde E
Lazer, Fadeup – Faculdade De Desporto Da Universidade Do Porto, Portugal,
3Departamento De Biomedicina- Unidade De Biologia Experimental, Faculdade
De Medicina Do Porto; Ibmc – Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular And I3S – Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde; Fcnaup, Universidade Do Porto, Portugal
Introduction: White adipose tissue (WAT) has the ability to expand by
storing fat but reaches a limited accretion during later stages of obesity, setting off a systemic metabolic dysfunction. The presence of inducible brown-like adipocytes was recently described in WAT able to convert fat into heat, for that reason WAT “browning” become a key strategy for man-aging obesity over the last years. Melanocortins, such as α-MSH are able to increase lipolytic activity of white adipocytes and also thermogenesis of brown adipocytes. Whether they can induce the transdifferentiation of white to beige adipocytes is unknown and constitutes the basis of this work.
Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat diet (DIO: 45% energy
from fat) or standard diet (control) for 10 weeks and treated with α-MSH (150µg/kg/day) or vehicle (saline) during 14 days. Paraffin-embedded subcutaneous WAT (SAT) sections were used for determination of adi-pocyte cross-sectional area. Immunohistochemistry was carried out for detection of the “browning” marker protein uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). Expression analysis of UCP-1 was also performed by real-time PCR in SAT and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes stimulated with the α-MSH (1µM) for 4h or 24h. Mitochondria content and oxygen consumption of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was measured through NAO incorporation and a Clark-type electrode, respectively.
Results: α-MSH induces an increased expression of UCP-1 mRNA in
SAT depot from DIO mice of about 8 times relative to saline animals. In lean mice (control), α-MSH has a less pronounced effect, increasing UCP-1 levels UCP-1.7 above saline. In agreement, the appearance of beige adipocytes,
UCP-1 positive, dispersed around SAT is clearly visible by immunohisto-chemistry in SAT from α-MSH-treated mice. A significant reduction of adipocyte area was also observed in animals treated with α-MSH com-pared to saline animals. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, α-MSH was able to induce a 20-fold upregulation of UCP-1 gene. The α-MSH treatment also increas-es the number of mitochondria (1.5-fold) and oxygen consumption ratincreas-es (2-fold) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting the occurrence of uncoupled respiration.
Conclusion: The melanocortin α-MSH promotes structural and
tran-scriptional alterations on SAT depot from lean and DIO mice inducing beige/brown-like features. These effects seem to be accomplished by a functional capacity for thermogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These find-ings confer on the α-MSH potential as future obesity therapy.
Conflict of Interest: None Disclosed
Funding: FCT/MEC (PIDDAC) and FEDER–Fundo Europeu de
Desenvolvimen-to Regional, COMPETE 2020–Programa Operacional Competitividade e Interna-cionalização (PTDC/BIM-MET/2123/2014); Tanita Healthy Weight Community Trust; Adriana Rodrigues is supported by FCT (SFRH/BPD/92868/2013). OS3:OC6
Involvement of the dermal white adipose tissue in cutaneous wound healing delay during obesity
Begey A.L.1; Nguyen-Tu M.S.1; Sigaudo-Roussel D.1
1UMR 5305 CNRS, 69367 Lyon cedex 07, France; University of Lyon 1, 69367
Lyon cedex 07, France
Introduction: Dermal white adipose tissue was shown to increase during
obesity at the expense of surrounding tissues and could participate to cu-taneous fragility. Extremely obese patients are subjected to higher risk for pressure ulcers than normal weight or overweight patients. The aim of the present study was 1) to study the cutaneous healing process depend-ing on the adiposity in a diet-induced model of obesity in mice and 2) to characterize the dermal and epididymal white adipose tissues (dWAT and eWAT) responses to lipolytic stimulation as well as their ability to respond to insulin.
Methods: C57Bl6 male mice were randomly assigned to a high calorie diet
for 4 or 12 weeks (HCD4 or HCD12). First, we induced a skin pressure injury and we studied the time for skin healing using digital photographs taken at different times. The surface measurement of the injured skin was evaluated using ImageJ software. Skin functionality was evaluated before injury and after the skin was fully healed using laser Doppler flowmetry in response to a local pressure application or vasoactive drugs. Intraperi-toneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed to evaluate the systemic sensitivity. The lipolytic response was investigated measuring the glycerol secretion by either dWAT or eWAT after an incubation with noradrenalin. The response to insulin was tested in the same way after an incubation with insulin plus noradrenalin.
Results: We reported that the skin healing process is delayed by 5 to 10
days in HCD12 mice compared to HCD4 mice. The injured surface area showed that the necrotic surface of the skin was 75% bigger in HCD12 mice than HCD4 mice. Skin functionality appears to be altered after skin closure in both HCD groups compared to their respective control groups. The skin blood flow was decreased in HCD4 and HCD12 mice in response to a local pressure application after skin closure compared to the non-wounded skin. In response to vasoactive drugs, the skin blood flow was also decreased in HCD12 mice after skin closure compared to the to the non-wounded skin, but not in HCD4 mice. The lipolytic response and the insulin response were decreased in the eWAT in HCD12 mice com-pared to HCD4 in contrast to the dWAT where the responses were not different between HCD4 and HCD12 mice.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the increase of dermal white adipose
tissue during obesity leads to a cutaneous fragility. The severity of the skin lesion and the time to heal were dependent to the increase in adiposity but not dependent to dermal adipose tissue insulin resistance. In addition, it
appears that at the time of skin closure the skin responses to stimuli were not restored.
Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest.
Funding: Research was funded by University of Lyon1/CNRS.
Thursday, 18 May 2017
OS4 – Energy Balance
OS4:OC7Sustainability of changes in appetite at 1-year follow-up after initial weight loss with a very-low energy diet
Nymo S1; Coutinho SR1; Torgersen H C-L1; Truby H2; Kulseng B3; Martins C.
1Centre for Obesity Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, 2Department Of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food,
Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., 3Centre For Obesity, Department Of
Surgery, St. Olav Hospital—Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
Introduction: Weight loss (WL) induced by non-ketogenic diets has been
acutely associated with a compensatory increase in appetite, which may lead to overeating and potential weight regain. Few studies have assessed the sustainability of this compensatory increase in appetite in the long-term. The aim of this study was to determine if changes in subjective and objective appetite markers observed with WL are sustained at 1-year (1Y) follow-up.
Method: 36 adults (10 females) with obesity (BMI: 36.6 ± 0.7kg/m2, age: 41 ± 1.6yr) followed 8 weeks (wks) of a very-low energy diet (VLED), followed by 4wks refeeding and 1Y maintenance program. Fasting/post-prandial subjective feelings of hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospec-tive food consumption (PFC) were assessed and plasma concentrations of active ghrelin (AG), total peptide YY (PYY) and active glucagon-like peptide 1 and insulin were measured every 30 minutes for 2.5 hours. Measurements were taken at baseline, week 13 (W13) and 1Y. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed model, with Bonferroni ad-justments. Data are presented as mean±SEM.
Results: A WL of 17.1 ± 1.1% (P < 0.001) at W13 was associated with a
significant increase in feelings of hunger in fasting (P < 0.05) and signifi-cant reduction in feelings of PFC in fasting (P < 0.001) and postprandially (P < 0.05). There was also a significant increase in fasting/postprandial concentrations of AG (P < 0.001 for both) and a reduction in fasting/ postprandial concentrations of insulin (P < 0.001 for both). At 1Y fol-low-up and with sustained WL (15.2 ± 1.1%), a significant reduction in postprandial PFC feelings (P < 0.05) and a significant increase in fasting/ postprandial AG plasma concentrations (P < 0.001 for both) and a signif-icant reduced in fasting/postprandial insulin plasma concentration were still observed.
Conclusion: With a 15% sustained WL at 1Y follow-up, plasma
concen-trations of AG do not revert to baseline and are still increased, despite no changes in hunger and a reduction in PFC feelings. Future studies should evaluate how this impacts on actual food intake and how it relates to long-term WL maintenance.
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Funding: Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health
Au-thority (RHA) and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim. Norway. Allevo, Karo Pharma AS. Sweden, for providing the VLED products (no commercial interest).
OS4:OC8
Habitual physical activity and satiety: Confirmatory evidence for enhanced homeostatic appetite control in physically active individuals
Beaulieu, K.1; Long, C.1; Hopkins, M.2; Blundell, J.1; Finlayson, G.1
1University of Leeds, 2Leeds Beckett University; University Of Leeds
Introduction: Evidence suggests that higher levels of physical activity
(PA) improve the ability to compensate for previous energy intake (EI), shown by decreased ad libitum EI following high-energy preloads. How-ever, prior studies lacked objective assessment of habitual PA and 24-h EI. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of PA level on EI and appetite sensations following high-energy-density (HED) and low-ener-gy-density (LED) preloads.
Methods: High (HiPA; n = 12, 8F), moderate (ModPA; n = 11, 8F) and
low (LoPA; n = 11, 8F) physically active individuals, matched for age and BMI, were grouped based on tertiles of moderate-to-vigorous habitual PA obtained from objective and quantified PA. Individuals attended a preliminary assessment where resting metabolic rate, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and eating behaviour traits were measured. This was followed by 2 intensive laboratory probe days where ad libitum EI was determined at lunch, dinner and evening snack box after consumption of a fixed breakfast. Prior to the ad libitum lunch meal, porridge preloads varying in energy density (HED: 690 kcal and LED: 250 kcal) but matched for volume and macronutrient composition were consumed. Appetite sensations were assessed periodically throughout the day.
Results: Following the consumption of the preloads, ad libitum EI at the
lunch meals was significantly different between activity groups, such that HiPA (p = 0.013) and ModPA (p = 0.004) consumed less after HED com-pared to LED. No differences existed for LoPA (p = 0.593). No differences were seen in EI between activity groups for dinner or snack box consump-tion. Total EI was greater in HED compared to LED (p < 0.001), whereas daily hunger was greater in LED compared to HED (p = 0.01).
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that ModPA and HiPA reduced ad
libitum EI following HED compared to LED preload, while LoPA did not. This suggests that LoPA were insensitive to the nutritional manipulation, indicating blunted satiety signaling. Therefore, habitual PA enhances sati-ety signaling and homeostatic appetite control.
OS4:OC9
Promoting satiation and satiety within a weight management programme improves appetite control and weight loss. Buckland, N.1; Camidge, D.1; Croden, F.1; Hetherington, M.1; Blundell, J.1;
Finlayson, G.1
1University of Leeds
Introduction: Weight management programmes (WMPs) that
pro-mote satiation and satiety by encouraging behaviour changes towards unre¬stricted intake of low energy density (LED) food choices might be more effective than self-led traditional calorie reduction WMPs. The SWIPSS trial examined the effect of a commercial weight loss programme pro¬moting unrestricted intake of LED foods [Slimming World, UK (SW)] on body weight and weight loss experience compared to a self-led calorie-re¬duction standard care WMP [Live Well, NHS standard care (SC)]. The tri¬al also examined the effects of meals varying in energy den-sity (consistent with SW approach) on appetite and energy intake. Methods: Ninety-six women who were overweight or obese (age: 41.8 ± 1.4y; BMI: 33.3 ± 0.4kg/m²) were recruited from SW and SC weight man-agement arms of a 14-week clinical trial. Weight loss experi-ence was as-sessed with weekly questionnaires. In weeks 3 and 12 as part of laboratory intensive probe days, participants’ diurnal appetite ratings and ad libitum meal intake were assessed in response to iso-caloric LED and high energy dense breakfast and lunch meals.
Results: LED meals increased participants’ subjective sensations of
full-ness and reduced sensations of hunger throughout the day and, re¬duced
total day energy intake compared to high energy dense meals (all ps<.001). The SW group lost more weight and were more likely to achieve clinical weight loss (>5%) compared to the SC group. The SW group ex¬perienced greater control over eating, found the WMP easier to adhere to, experi-enced more enjoyment losing weight, were more satisfied with the WMP and were more motivated to continue the programme compared to the SC group.
Conclusion: A commercial WMP supporting behaviour changes
to-wards LED food choices is an effective strategy for weight loss with health bene¬fits and improved experience above self-led calorie reduction pro-grammes [CT#NCT02012426].
Conflict of Interest: None
Funded by Slimming World, UK OS4:OC10
Associations between genetic susceptibility, eating behaviour and growth in children up to 5 years, results from the EDEN mother-child cohort
de Lauzon-Guillain, B1; Charles, MA1; Akoli Koudou, Y1; Forhan, A1; Ong, K2;
Heude, B1; on behalf of the EDEN mother-child cohort study group3
1INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité
Center, Early ORigin of the Child’s Health and Development Team (ORCHAD), Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, France, 2Medical Research Council
Epidemiology Unit, University Of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’S Hospital, Cambridge, England, 3INSERM
Introduction: Many genetic polymorphisms identified by
ge-nome-wide-association studies on obesity appeared involved in the reg-ulation of food intake. Our objective was to examine the links between a genetic obesity risk score, eating behavior and growth of children up to age 5 years.
Methods: In 1,142 children from the EDEN mother-child cohort, a
com-bined obesity risk-allele score (BMI-GRS) was calculated from genotypes at 16 variants identified by genome-wide association studies of childhood body mass index (BMI) or early-onset obesity. Children’s appetite and food neophobia were reported by parents at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years and en-ergy intake (restricted to infants non breastfed during 3-d food records) was assessed at 4, 8 and 12 months. Associations between BMI-GRS and eating behaviour were tested using logistic regressions and associations between eating behaviour at a given age and predicted BMI at subsequent ages were tested by linear regressions.
Results: A high BMI-GRS was associated with a higher energy intake at 1
year, higher appetite at 2 and 5 years and a lower food neophobia at 1 year. Higher energy intake in infancy and higher appetite from 1 year onwards were related to higher subsequent BMI. Associations observed between BMI-GRS and BMI from 3 years were weaker and even no longer signifi-cant at 3 and 4 years after adjustment for appetite at 2 years.
Conclusion: The associations observed between BMI-GRS and eating
be-haviour precede those found between this score and child´s BMI. Genes involved in childhood obesity could therefore promote higher appetitive traits in the first years of life, followed by a subsequent increase in BMI. Conflict of Interest: None Disclosed
OS4:OC11
Evaluation of the accuracy of predictive equations in estimating resting energy expenditure in obese patients Sammarco, R.1; Cioffi, I.1; Marra, M.1; Rosa, E.1; Onufrio, M.1; Caldara, A.1;
Contaldo, F.1; Pasanisi, F.1
1Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II
Introduction: Several predictive equation are available for the evaluation
of resting energy expenditure (REE) in obese patients. This study com-pares resting energy expenditure (REE) measured (MREE) by indirect
calorimetry (IC) with REE predicted (PREE) using different equations in Caucasian obese adults.
Methods: We studied 1851 (1181 females, 670 males) obese patients (BMI
> 30 kg/m2; 18–65 years). REE was measured by indirect calorimetry (V max29- Sensormedics).Data were obtained comparing MREE with PREE derived from several published equations for normal weight or obese sub-jects. Mean differences between PREE and MREE as well as the accuracy prediction within ±10% level were investigated in all sample as well as in BMI sub-groups (Group 1 = 30–40 kg/m2; Group 2 = 40–50 kg/m2; Group 3 > 50 kg/m2).
Results: We observed that FAO, Henry and Muller(BC) equations pro-vide a satisfactory mean differences P-M (bias - 0.7, - 0.3 and 0.9%; RMSE 273, 263 and 269 kcal/d, respectively); HB and Henry equation resulted accurate individually (57 and 56.9%). Only Muller (BC) gave the lowest REE difference P-M (–1.7%; RMSE 228 kcal/d) in females, while John-stone and De Lorenzo equations were more accurate (55.1 and 54.8%). When sample was split up in three BMI subgroups, no difference was found for males, whereas the majority of equations included in this study failed to estimate REE in severely obese females (BMI > 40 kg/m2). Over-all, the accurate prediction was considered low (~55%) for all predictive equations, unelated to BMI.
Conclusion: REE predictive equations developed in obese patients and
for specific age groups are more suitable than those for the general popu-lation. Inaccuracy of predicted REE could affect dietary prescription and consequently dietary compliance. Measurements of REE with indirect cal-orimetry is highly recommended in severely obese patients.
Conflict of Interest: None Disclosed Funding: No Funding
OS4:OC12
Acute exercise modifies levels of adiponectin and other (adipo) cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid of young individuals Janakova, Z.1; Schon, M.1; Kosutzka, Z.2; Ukropec, J.3; Valkovic, P.2;
Ukropcova, B.3
1Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius
University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia,
22Nd Department Of Neurology, Faculty Of Medicine, Comenius University
& University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia, 3Institute Of Experimental
Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy Of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
Introduction: Obesity and physical inactivity increase the risk of
cog-nitive decline and physical activity can improve body composition and metabolism as well as cognitive functions and psychological well-being. Interestingly, adipose tissue-derived adipokine adiponectin has been shown to mediate antidepressive effects of exercise in mice. However, mechanisms and mediators behind the exercise action on the human brain remain to be elucidated. We measured the effect of acute aerobic exercise on spectrum of (adipo) cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of young volunteers.
Methods: A sample of CSF was obtained by atraumatic lumbar
punc-ture in a basal state (non-exercise day1) and after 90 minutes of running (<5.30 min.km-1, >75% maximal heart rate; exercise day2) from 6 healthy individuals (3M/3F; age = 24.8 ± 6.0yrs; BMI = 23.1 ± 2.5kg/m2). Levels of 174 cytokines were measured in CSF before and after exercise using antibody array (RayBiotech). Physical fitness (maximal aerobic capacity, VO2max) was assessed by bicycle spiroergometry. Cognitive functions were measured by computerized CogState tests.
Results: Running induced a 21.3% decrease in adiponectin (p < 0.01),
more than 10% decrease in IL-18R beta and PDGF(p < 0.05) and more than 5% decrease in IL5R alpha, TGF beta1 and 2, CXCL9, MMP-13, Tie-1, Activin A, IL-18 binding protein alpha (p < 0.05) and IGF-2 (p < 0.01) levels in CSF. CXCL16, IGF-1 and SDF-1 decreased in men only (p < 0.05), while an increase in IGFBP-4, CCL4, IGF-1 and IL-16 was
observed in women only (p < 0.05). Adiponectin in CSF positively cor-related with VO2max (n = 6, R = 0.82, p < 0.05) albumin CSF/serum ratio (n = 12, R = 0.65, p < 0.05) and the % change of adiponectin after run with cognitive test score (n = 6, R = 0.89, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Acute aerobic exercise significantly modified levels of
adi-ponectin and several other cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid of young in-dividuals, suggesting their potential role as mediators of exercise-induced effects on human brain. Our results also suggest sex-related differences in response to exercise. Importance of these changes for both obesity-related cognitive decline and exercise-induced benefits requires further studies. Conflict of Interest: None Disclosed
Funding: SAS–NSC Joint Research Cooperation grant 2013/17,VEGA 2/0191/15,
APVV-15-0253.
OS5 – Environment and Policy
OS5:OC31Exploring the relation of exposure to fast food outlets with obesity
Mackenbach, J.1; Charreire, H.2; Glonti, K.3; Bardos, H.4; Rutter, H.3;
Compernolle, S.5; Bourdeaudhuij, I.5; Nijpels, G.6; Brug, J.7; Oppert, J.8;
Lakerveld, J.1
1Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, 2Equipe De Recherche En Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (Eren), Centre De
Recherche En Epidémiologie Et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, Comue Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13 & Paris Est University, Lab-Urba, Upec, Urban School Of Pa, 3Ecohost – The Centre For Health
And Social Change, London School Of Hygiene And Tropical Medicine,
4Department Of Preventive Medicine, Faculty Of Public Health, University Of
Debrecen, 5Department Of Movement And Sport Sciences, Ghent University,
Ghent, 6Department Of General Practice And Elderly Care, Emgo Institute
For Health And Care Research, Vu University Medical Center, 7Department Of
Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Vu University Medical Center & Faculty Of Social And Behavioral Sciences, University Of Amsterdam, 8Equipe De Recherche En
Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (Eren), Centre De Recherche En Epidémiologie Et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, Comue Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13 & Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre Et Marie Curie,
Introduction: It is unknown via which pathways exposure to fast food
outlets could influence levels of obesity. In this study we explored whether perceptions about availability of fast food outlets in the neighbourhood, and fast food consumption, could explain any observed associations be-tween exposure to fast food outlets and obesity in adults.
Methods: We analysed data from 5084 SPOTLIGHT survey participants
residing in five European urban regions. Participants reported on so-cio-demographics, fast food consumption, weight and height and neigh-bourhood perceptions. A virtual neighneigh-bourhood audit was conducted to geolocalize and categorize fast food outlets. Direct associations and medi-ating pathways of exposure to fast food outlets, perceived availability and usage of fast food outlets, fast food consumption, and self-reported weight status were explored using multilevel logistic and multinomial regression analyses.
Results: After full covariate adjustment, living in a neighbourhood
with higher spatial access to fast food outlets was associated with in-creased perceived availability and usage of fast food outlets (RRR = 3.30, 95%CI = 1.71; 6.34), but not with fast food consumption or obesity. Per-ceived availability and usage of fast food outlets was associated with great-er reported consumption (OR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.05; 2.28).
Conclusion: Exposure to fast food outlets was not directly associated with
obesity, but we did find an association between objective and perceived availability. The perceptions of availability were, in turn, related to levels of fast food consumption. These result emphasize the complexity of indi-vidual and environmental influences on lifestyle behaviours and weight status and highlight the importance of taking into account both objective and subjective measures of the food environment.
