IV. ΣΥΖΗΤΗΣΗ
5. Συµπεράσµατα
Από την εξέταση ενός ικανοποιητικού εύρους βιοτόπων, παρουσιάστηκαν οι επιπτώσεις που δύναται να προκαλέσει η παρουσία βρυόφυτων στις επιφάνειες των µνηµείων. Το µέγεθος και η εικόνα της αλλοίωσης εξαρτάται τόσο από τον τύπο και τη µορφολογία του υποστρώµατος όσο και από τις κλιµατικές συνθήκες στις οποίες εκτίθενται τα µνηµεία. Οι πληροφορίες που παρέχονται αποτελούν µία καλή απόδειξη της έκτασης και των ιδιαίτερων χαρακτηριστικών που µπορούν να λάβουν τα φαινόµενα διάβρωσης των αρχαιολογικών µνηµείων της Βόρειας Ελλάδας. Συγχρόνως, η παρούσα εργασία αποτελεί ένα εργαλείο για το σχεδιασµό µιας στρατηγικής αντιµετώπισης του προβλήµατος της "επίθεσης" των µνηµείων από αυτούς τους οργανισµούς, που να στοχεύει στην αναστολή ή και εξάλειψη της ανάπτυξής τους µε χρήση
µεθόδων, που δεν θα ευνοούν την ανάπτυξη άλλων περισσότερο επιθετικών ενδολιθικών µικροοργανισµών εν τη απουσία ανταγωνιστών (Ascaso et al. 2002).
Ο τρόπος αποµάκρυνσης των βρυόφυτων από τα µνηµεία θα πρέπει να επιλεχθεί µε πολύ προσοχή και να έχει µακροπρόθεσµα αποτελέσµατα. Η αποµάκρυνσή τους µπορεί να γίνει πολύ εύκολα µε το χέρι ή µε απλά εργαλεία, ειδικά όταν βρίσκονται σε υγρή κατάσταση, σε σύγκριση µε την προσπάθεια που πρέπει να καταβληθεί για την αποµάκρυνση άλλων οργανισµών, όπως των λειχήνων. Ο µηχανικός, όµως, καθαρισµός, στα πλαίσια των εργασιών συντήρησης και αποκατάστασης των µνηµείων, τις περισσότερες φορές αποδεικνύεται αναποτελεσµατικός, καθώς τµήµατα των αποµακρυσθέντων βρυόφυτων είναι δυνατό να συγκρατηθούν σε σηµεία των δοµικών υλικών, που παρουσιάζουν ρωγµές και κοιλότητες, προκαλώντας τον εµπλουτισµό τους µε οργανικό υλικό, ευνοϊκό για την ανάπτυξη άλλων φυτικών οργανισµών.
Για την αποτελεσµατικότερη µείωση της βιολογικής ανάπτυξης, ο στόχος θα πρέπει να είναι η τροποποίηση των περιβαλλοντικών συνθηκών, και ιδιαίτερα η ρύθµιση του παράγοντα της έκθεσης των µνηµείων στα όµβρια ύδατα. Αποµένει, λοιπόν, στους ειδικούς του µέλλοντος να κρίνουν ποιος είναι ο αποτελεσµατικότερος και συγχρόνως καταλληλότερος τρόπος προστασίας και συντήρησης των µνηµείων.
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