With the exception of two months, the number of live births exceeded that of the corresponding month of the previous year. However, the increase in deaths among middle-aged men (45-49 years) is also noticeable.
Education and science
In addition to education policy concepts, the state of the economy, the number of young people and the level of education are important determinants of education expenditure. 22,600 research and development projects were carried out in 2004, approximately 6% more than in 2003, representing a significant increase of 21% in the number of projects developed under international cooperation.
Employment, unemployment
This indicator was 4.1% in Hungary in 2005, which is a quarter of the average for the European Union and is similar to the Czech or Greek rate. While in previous years the female unemployment rate had remained below the male rate, it was equal to that of 2004 and the employment rate 15–64.
Income and consumption
In 2003, the amount of pensions and pension-like benefits reached the level of 1990 - the year when they. The decrease in the savings rate, barely more than 6% in 2005, is represented by securities other than shares - mainly central government securities - whose amount has grown more slowly than the average rate of savings growth in recent years. .
Living conditions
It is mainly the constructions in the capital that determined the features of national housing construction. The state subsidized 36% of the amount of loans granted, compared to 61% a year ago. Hungarian specialists have already defined - and from mid-2006 the European Union will publish - the areas of the "Natura 2000" program supervised by national parks, and thus the proportion of areas under nature protection has more than doubled.
Organic farming in Hungary is currently most widespread in the two regions of the Great Plain and in Northern Hungary. However, despite the improvement, our situation in the European Union has remained unchanged. The number of the former shrank by 11% in one year, while that of the latter increased by 9%.
Despite a substantial growth in the number of performances, cinema attendance has fallen over the past four years and stood at 12 million in 2005. The number of institutions stabilized around 3,700 by mid-decade, hosting approximately 90,000 entertainment and community events. Three-quarters of the growth in crimes was due to copyright infringement and misuse of banned pornographic images.
Parliamentary elections, 2006*
Of the 48 registered parties, ten established a national list, and the same four exceeded the parliamentary threshold of 5%. There has been an increase in the number of right-wing opposition representatives elected to the national list in addition to the regional list, compared to the previous elections. Growth of the entire world economy fell to 4.8% in 2005, following the record growth of the previous year, following the slump in the period 2001-2003.
That is, economic development remained buoyant despite the international political tensions, the high oil price and the external financial imbalance in the United States. According to the International Monetary Fund's assessment, the expansion of world trade also remained above the long-term trend, but compared to the previous year, a decrease can be observed in this area. In the majority of developing countries, the economic growth rate also decreased, but it exceeded the growth rate in the developed regions.
In the whole year, the EU's gross domestic product increased by 1.6%, which is half of that in the last period of prosperity between 1997 and 2000. This means that the growth rate has returned to the path of the period, but with a more favorable structure of consumption. Since 2003, imports have been growing modestly, but faster than exports, disappearing the European Union's foreign trade surplus, which stood at 0.8% of GDP in 2005.
Economic development, its attained level
The development of the Hungarian economy essentially followed the processes of the world economy. The largest component of domestic demand, household consumption rose by 1.4% in 2005 against 3.6% the previous year. Among branches, the role of public ownership is only absolute in public administration.
The share of domestic private capital is definitely high in real estate, rental and business activities (82%), hotels and restaurants (72%) and in wholesale and retail trade, repairs (67%). The weight of agriculture in the gross added value decreased to 3.3% by 2003 from 6–7% ten years earlier. The share of agriculture's performance in the gross added value is also gradually decreasing in the EU-25, representing 1.9% in 2005.
The share of service branches in added value varies from 61 to 66% in Hungary. The increase in the share of services stopped in 2003 in the European Union, since then it has been 71.5%. During the last decade there has been almost no change in the economic ranking of the regions.
Economic equilibrium
The current account deficit of the balance of payments increased sharply in 2003 compared to the previous year, namely by EUR 1.5 billion to EUR 6.4 billion. In 2005, the current account deficit of the balance of payments was EUR 0.6 billion lower than the previous year and amounted to EUR 6.4 billion, which represents 7.3% of GDP. Some of the factors that shaped foreign trade in 2004-2005 were related to the accession to the EU.
Among the former countries, the dynamics of Hungarian foreign trade exchange is the lowest (exports in euros increased by 11% compared to the previous year, and imports by 8%). In the group of manufactured goods, Hungarian exports also increased strongly in 2005, after falling in 2003 and recovering in 2004. In 2005, the volume of agricultural imports increased by about 12%, similar to the increase in exports.
The above two government subsystems already contributed almost equally to the deficit in 2005. Central government support for government subsystems increased by more than 18% in 2005. Of these two items, the growth of the latter was faster in 2004 (12%), and the growth rate of the state contribution (3%) lagged considerably behind.
Prices
Due to the smaller harvest in 2005, the price level of industrial plants increased by 2.8%, and of vegetables by 7.6% in 2005. The price level of live animal producers increased by 3.1% in 2005, slightly less . as in the previous year. Slaughter pigs were a demand and pull market with 5% year-on-year price growth.
The acceleration in price growth was primarily driven by a 19% increase in prices in the energy industry. In other industries, prices grew by 1-3%. The volume of price growth was on average 5.2% on the internal market, and 2.1% on markets outside the EU. In 2005, the prices of investments also grew moderately as in previous years, at a lower rate than the prices of consumer goods, the volume of growth decreased to 2.4% from 3.1% in 2004.
The price movement of the largest main commodity group, machinery and transport equipment, can be described by the decrease in the price level of the forint since 2002, to the same extent in exports and imports; in 2005, these prices were 2-3% lower than the year before. The increase in the prices of alcoholic beverages and tobacco of 3.3% was 8 percentage points lower than in previous years. According to harmonized data, the level of consumer prices rose by 2.2% on average in the 25 member states of the European Union.
Energy
The combined impact of several factors was behind the increased energy consumption in 2005, such as the more unfavorable weather compared to 2004 and the higher energy intensity of the industry. The decrease in the domestic output of energy sources stopped in 2005, moreover, a small-scale (1.6 percentile) growth occurred due to a 16 percentile increase in the electrical energy production in the nuclear power station. The share of renewable energy in the consumption of electrical energy was 14% in the member states of EU-25 in 2004 with a substantially lower share (5.7%) in the newly acceding 10 countries.
After falling in 2004, the volume of gross agricultural production increased considerably (by 22.8%), and then decreased in 2005 compared to the previous year, but was at a much higher level than in previous years. . Weather conditions have had a major impact on the success of plant production, and thus also on the yield of the entire agriculture. This is also reflected in the truly extreme grain harvests: the worst harvest in recent decades was in 2003, and a record amount was harvested the following year.
At constant prices, crop and livestock production remained 14 and 7% behind that of 2004. Along with smaller crops, grain quality was poorer and the share of food grain increased significantly year-on-year. previous. In addition to industrial plants, the gross production of horticultural products decreased by 23% during 2004.
Performance of major branches
In the European Union, growth in industrial production per employee slowed, along with a 1.2 percentile workforce reduction, from 4% in 2004 to 2.3%. Construction volume, which represents 52% of production, exceeded that of the previous year by 12.5%, while construction of other sites increased by 21.4%. The average transport distance increased due to the growth in the share of international transport in total transport.
In domestic transport, the volume of goods transported increased by 4.1%, while performance in tonne-kilometers increased by 1.4%. The growth in the number of flights (13%) lagged behind the growth in passenger traffic, indicating better flight occupancy. The decrease in the number of telephone lines in the fixed network accelerated slightly in 2005 compared to previous years.
In terms of the number of tourism nights, this means an expansion of 2% similar to the previous years. The citizens of the United States and Japan paid 9 and 29% more tourism nights respectively in 2005 compared to the previous year. Tourism-related items of the balance of payments indicate that both income and expenditure were higher in 2005 than in the previous year.
