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Industrial applications of clays and layered materials
A range of using bentonite and palygorskite clays is very wide. It includes production of sorbents and catalysts for oil chemistry, heat-insulating and soundproof materials, suspensions and
stabilizing additives for paints and pesticides, concrete and ceramsite fillers, production of gums, paper, thin-walled ceramic, medicines and cosmetics. Bentonites are used for sandy soil
fecundity, in extinguishant production, for molding mixture in the founding industry. One of the examples of new technologies is the implemented proposal for fuel properties recovery after long term storage (more than 20 years) (Ablaeva, 2002). Recently, a possibility of effective using of bentonite clays for territories cleaning (desactivation of external and interior surfaces of
constructions within the Chornobyl area for example) and water purification has been
established. Saponite (clay rock of dickite-montmorillonite-saponite composition with high Mg up to 12 %) is occurred within the North-Western slope of the Ukrainian Shield, in the territory of the Khmelnytska oblast. Clays of saponite composition outcrop in some places and are confined the crust of weathering of Vendian tuffs: the Varvarivske, Tashkivske, Golytske, Radoshivske, Krupetske and Polyanske occurrences form the Verkhnyogorysta area, which predicted resources make up above 130 mln tons (Nonmetal minerals, 2006).
It has been established that saponite can be utilized in agriculture as a preserving agent of green fodder for cattle and as soil reclamation agent. Saponite has been approved as sorbent in odorous litter for domestic animals. It can be used in agriculture, for soil detoxication, for foodstuffs rectification and other.
In connection with accumulation of new data obtained on the base of clays high technology investigations, their generalization and classification as an example for Ukrainian kaolin – the very important and needed row material (the last such study was provided in 1966) – are actual now (Miner. Resources, 2006). At present, there are all preconditions for kaolin and fire-clay new deposits finding in Ukraine.
Ablaeva L.A. (2002). The Kudrinske bentonite clay using in the environment safety. – PhD Thesis, Kyiv. 16 p. (Ukr)
Mineral resources of Ukraine and world (2006). Geol.Survey of Ukraine. SScPE Geoinform of Ukraine. 553 p.
Nonmetal minerals (2006).Kyiv-Lviv,. V.2. 532 p. (Rus.).
Petrzkova F.S. (1985) Ukrainian artistic porcelain (end of XVIII – beginning of XIX c).Kyiv.Naukova Dumka. 225 p. (Rus.)
Библиографическая ссылка на эту работу:
Slyusarenko G., Dekhtulinskyy E., Subbotin A.Clay rocks of ukraine and their application //
Глины, глинистые минералы, слоистые материалы - CMLM2009 - М.: Издатель И.В.
Балабанов, 2009, C.255
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Industrial applications of clays and layered materials
Forecasting estimate of high-melting clayey stuff
Trofimova F.A.,Demidova M.I.,Kornilov A.V.,Permyakov E.N.
FSUE "CNIIgeolnerud"
Value of clays in technology of pottery is connected with their solving influence on properties of half-finished products and finished goods at all stages of manufacture: paste preparation,
formations, drying and roasting. Properties of clay cause stability of products to cracking, their deformation stability, connectivity, mechanical durability, caking etc.
The high-melting raw materials represent the big interest for a ceramic industry as the spectrum of its use is very wide: in china-faience industries, in manufacture of sanitary-building products, tiles for internal facing and floors, facing ceramics, ceramic pipes, acid rests, etc. In the given work the high-melting raw materials of some subjects of the Central federal district of the Russian Federation which are presented whiteburning fire-resistant china clay and lightburning and redburning high-melting clays are investigated. At the initial stage of studying of clay raw materials, except the basic criteria of an estimation of quality (a fire resistance indicator,
maintenance Al2O3, SiO2, painting oxides Fe2O3+ TiO2, coarse-grained inclusions, plasticity and degree of dispersion), we suggest to use in addition methods of adsorptive luminescent analysis (ALA) also a static moisture capacity (SMC) which allow to define the maintenance of inflating clay minerals. Along with well-known laws of dependence strength characteristics from of maintenance Al2О3, kaolinite and dispersions, influence on strength of size of exchange capacity (EC) of clay is traced. Optimum size of EC is in limits 13-23 mg·equivalent/100g. Thus the quantity of particles in the size less 10 micrometers in clay raw materials should vary in limits from 40 to 70 %. Clay with the maintenance of particles in the size less 10 micrometers less than 40 %, as a rule, incorporate significant amount SiO2(70-75 %), low plasticity and a caking heat.
Such raw materials have low strength characteristics. The highdispersivity raw materials basically consist from thin clay component with the big exchange capacity more than 32 mg·equivalent /100g, have high plastic properties that affects sensitivity to drying and behavior of samples at roasting (deformation, bloating). The raw materials of such quality demand additional poor additives and "soft" mode of drying raw materials.
We have allocated three areas which characterize the groups of raw materials differing by the basic recommended criteria of quality of high-melting raw materials (to the maintenance
aluminum oxide, particles in the size less 10 micrometers, to value of exchange capacity): Group I – Al2O3> 18 %, the maintenance of particles in the size less than 10 microns – 40-70 %, ОЕ- 13-23 mg·equivalent /100g – high-quality, has high strength characteristics and it is suitable for use in manufacture of many kinds of pottery. Group II – Al2O3> 18 %, the maintenance of particles in the size less than 10 microns of 40-85 %, ОЕ> 32 mg·equivalent /100g – in an initial condition it is problematic in use, but has high potential for good strength characteristics at introduction of technological poor additives and working off of a technological mode of preparation of raw weights, drying and roasting.
Group III – Al2O3<12 %, the maintenance of particles in the size less than 10 microns <40 %, ОЕ <13 mg·equivalent /100g – in an initial condition of poor quality, with low potential on strength properties, demands selection of softeners.
Thus, at the initial stage of research of clay refractory raw materials as criteria of an estimation of quality are recommended: the maintenance of aluminum oxide, quantity of particles with the sizes less 1 micrometer, value of exchange capacity. The data set of criteria allows giving preliminary mineralogo-technical characteristics on clay raw materials, to predict its behavior in technological process, to recommend a technological mode of processing and use direction.
Библиографическая ссылка на эту работу:
Trofimova F.A., Demidova M.I., Kornilov A.V., Permyakov E.N.Forecasting estimate of high- melting clayey stuff // Глины, глинистые минералы, слоистые материалы - CMLM2009 - М.:
Издатель И.В. Балабанов, 2009, C.254
Похожие публикации:
Mineralogical and technological study of karelian clays for facing brick production Modern methods of studying ceramic clayey stuff and forecast of processing conditions Morphological and structural features of kaolinites of some deposits of kaolines
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Layer charge evolution of the illite/smectite system in marls from the basque-cantabrian basin. implications on the reaction mechanism(s)
Clay minerals as a material for drilling mud
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Mixed-layer phyllosilicates change in top of forest-steppe soils: preferential decomposition of an expansible phase, illitization or effect of organic matter tightly bound to interlayers?
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Материалы международной конференции "Глины, глинистые минералы, слоистые материалы - CMLM2009"