[PDF] Top 20 Predictors of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence community.

... finding in our study was a significantly higher rate of antiretroviral therapy (ART) use among patients with MDR and XDR ...rate of previous TB treatment among MDR and XDR TB patients ... See full document

... from community based DR-TB programs [11, 20, ...findings in other settings with- in South Africa, in Europe and parts of Asia ...2000 and 2004, the default (LFT in ... See full document

... Investigation of Factors Associated with Incident Disease in Contacts Independent predictors of second cases were determined using a multivariate Cox regression survival analysis clustered at ... See full document

... 22 high TB-burden countries and has the world’s largest number of patients with MDR-TB ...magnitude and clinical characteristics of DR-TB in Chinese children remains largely ... See full document

... treatment, high rate of resistance to ofloxacin (57.1%) observed in our patients is alarming and is in compliance with reported increase in fluoroquinolones resistant ... See full document

... Results: Of 3802 individuals included in study, ...years, and 70.3% had bilateral pulmonary disease. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was ...risk of death ... See full document

... ambulatory, community-based MDR-TB treatment pro- gram has been described in detail in a previous publication ...on drug susceptibility testing (DST) and prior treatment ...those ... See full document

... out of 22 countries defined as high burden for tuberculosis (TB) by the World Health Organization (WHO), with an estimated incidence of 178/100,000 population per year ...estimated ... See full document

... deployment of rapid diagnostic tests. Access to second-line drug susceptibility testing should be ...rapidly in health-care settings and other high-risk areas, such as prisons, to ... See full document

... threats of MDR- and XDR- TB, moreover, may prove to be a key element in mobilizing increased funding for all TB drug development; their prevalence will undoubtedly grow if improved ... See full document

... among HIV- positive patients compared to HIV-negative patients may have been the empirical use of second-line TB drugs, which interna- tional guidelines recommend for patients with a high ... See full document

... burden of TB throughout sub-Saharan Africa. In KwaZulu-Natal province, 65% of incident TB cases and over 80% of drug-resistant TB cases are co-infected with HIV ... See full document

... risk of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-1 infected persons by as much as 80% ...rollout of ART in South Africa has been associated with reduced TB case notification rates in some ... See full document

... patients in South Africa are treated according to WHO guidelines with isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E) and pyrazinamide (Z) ...standardized and until 2010 included a fluoroquinolone (FQ; ... See full document

... (or high-dose isoniazid), linezolid, levofloxacin, and pyrazinamide, in comparison with the recently introduced shorter WHO regimen available for use in MDR-TB patients who meet specific ... See full document

... patients in our study because the patterns of sensibility and individual tolerance did not allow doing ...agent and a fluoroquinolone were always used, except in patient 1 that refused ... See full document

... effective and has a generally acceptable precision and reproducibility in coronary heart disease risk profiling ...that high hs-CRP is associated with coronary heart disease independent ... See full document

... presence of a solid tumor or hematologic malignancy, cancer status, and the presence of a central venous ...date of GNB infection was also collected: previous infection related to ... See full document

... the drug was tested in concentrations ± 2 of its MIC value, in order to find out its mean ± standard deviation values with respect to those ...Amount of inoculum used to inoculate each ... See full document

... UK, and allowed to acclimatize for 1 week in controlled conditions (23 ± 3 °C; relative humidity 50 ± 10%; light−dark cycle 12 ...pellet and filtered water ad libitum. Each rat received an oral dose ... See full document