Top PDF Vidraru tourist region in the context of sustainable development

All these components have been proposed for development taking into account the existing natural conditions (degree of roughness of the terrain, the existence of outstanding natural landscapes, etc). The geomorphological conditions of the terrain are determined mainly by means of the 1:25.000 topographic map of the area. The environment was another important aspect taken into account as for the sustainable development of the area so that the development of these anthropogenic elements does not put major pressure on it. The modernization of roads is a priority for the development of any tourist mountain region [7]. As concerns the Vidraru Reservoir, the choice of roads to be asphalted is based on existing forest roads and the existence of tourist attractions such nts the tourist lodges or guesthouses. Thus, the most important road proposed to be modernized is on the left side of the lake; the main tourist area of interest is Cumpăna Resort. Another important aspect is related to the exploitation of the western landscape of the lake. Another road that needs urgent modernization is situated along Valea cu Pe ști. In this case, similar considerations are taken into account (outstanding natural landscapes, availability of accommodation).

In a study conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE in Portuguese) about social indicators Simões, Alkimin and Santos () highlight that the UN agenda about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) is a conceptual guide based on sustainability. It is recognized the importance of IBGE in the sense of social information dissemination that can be used as foundation to the design of public politics that can contribute to set the Brazilian develop- ment horizon (Simões, Alkimin & Santos, ). In this context Jannuzzi (), affi rms that “indicators are, basic inputs required to all stages of the formulation, implementation, and evalua- tion process of the public programs and politics”. Th e diversity of indicators related to sustain- ability is a refl ex that the concept about sustain- ability is still not consensual and universal (Silva, Freire & Silva, ). In this sense, there is a growing needing to seek for more suitable indi- cators systems, considering that organizations and many social actors are in constant battles on what to measure and what are the correct deci- sions to be taken from the information collected in the adopted method (Guimarães & Feichas, ). All of these arguments seek to improve the environmental information base, to auxiliary in the public politics development, to simplify focal researches, and to assure comparability between diff erent locations. Th e best solution to measure the sustainability of the development depends on the adopted method, but can’t guarantee its perfect measurement (Araújo, Fernandes & Rauen, ).

For the recovery of the Central and Eastern European economies several groups of countries can be distinguished. Some countries have managed to contradict the experts forecasts, obtaining better results (Poland, Czech Republic), others have met their forecasts, those being the countries with the strongest economies in the EU (France, Germany), while others faced the collapse of their national economies (Greece, Spain). To help cushion the impact on their citizens, governments have implemented a variety of initiatives. There are three important reasons why the analyzed countries were affected by the crisis. Firstly, the dependence on the foreign capital inflows (the ability to attract foreign investments meant to develop the national economy) and the money sent home by those working abroad to support consumption and hence the national budget. For example, in Romania and Bulgaria in 2009, the money sent home dropped by 30% - 50% compared to 2008 levels. Secondly, a large part of their exports were for countries in the region and the euro zone, so that the volume of transactions fell dramatically. Thirdly, several of the analyzed countries had their national currency dependent on the Euro and the weakened economies had been strongly influenced by Euros fluctuations which have often suffocated the exports. In the case of Poland, the government used quickly and effectively all the European funds at its disposal in order to cover the capital withdrawals amid the international crisis, the current account deficit became stable and zloty’s fall was stopped by the central bank of Warsaw with the help of BCE, avoiding mortgage debtors’ entry into payment incapacity on mortgage loans denominated in foreign currencies.

CASHEW NUT OIL: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. The new millennium is marked by a growing search for renewable fuels and alternative raw materials from biomass in the petrochemicals industry. However, there are many challenges to overcome regarding technological and human resources aspects. In this scenario, cashew nut oil, which is rich in natural phenols, is considered to be very promising for the development of synthetic and functional products and as a feedstock for production of fine chemicals and a wide variety of new materials.

The total lack of experience in state building and the transition to a market economy, the building up of the new state along the dissolution of the old system, the lack of an implementation strategy for economic reforms, the external challenges that had to be faced, the attempts of solving issues only by approximately deducing results, all made Moldova face a set of issues during the first years of transition, that are specific to all former Soviet states, such as: de-industrialisation and marked decline of production; decreased capacity of the state to guide economic processes, the dissolution of traditional economic relations; productivity decline; saving and investment diminution; decreased living standard due to reduced purchasing power of the population; higher unemployment and social differences; reduced birth rate and life expectancy; growing general instability and economic fraudulent attempts, etc.

The key element in supporting a sustainable economic growth is depicted by the human capital. Only through investments in education, healthcare and social services we can fight poverty and unemployment amongst minority groups, people from rural areas and the youth. Also, the urban scenery must be revitalized. It is a known fact that city centers are great polluters, therefore imposing such investments with the purpose of lowering greenhouse gases emissions, regenerating green spaces or better waste management. Taking into consideration the fact that urban centers are the biggest polluters by the number of people living in cities, the number of enterprises and the number of public and private means of transportation, a series of measures targeting the reduction of polluting agents like taxing for access to crowded areas, developing bicycle lanes, blocking car access to city centers and transforming them into pedestrian areas should be implemented.

The experience was located atop the North- East of the Cindrel Mountains at an altitude of about 1438 meters, near the resort Paltinis, atopăcalledăV lariăinătheăfloorăofăredămeadowă (Festuca rubra). The exhibition of the ground is southern, with a mild slope, about 5%. The area is surrounded by extensive forests of spruce and of expanses of natural meadows. Knowing that the meadows are used for hay and for pasture, too there have been carried out two similar experiences concerning their settlement, one for each mode of use. The research took place over a period of three years: 2010, 2011 and 2012 and they were focused on obtaining a high pastoral value, namely the preservation and improvement of the biodiversity through the promotion of some sustainable management measures with emphasis on fertilization.

[r]

The Scientific Values, which are part of the Main Values are high, as we can see in Table 20. The current state of the Scientific Values accomplished 24 points score and the potential position score is 27 points. The Byzantine and Venetian Rule Era is important for Cretan’s history and architecture. During the period of the Byzantine Empire the island began to flourish again. Its strategic location was established, Heraklion’s position as the capital of the island was strengthened and the arts flourished, mainly through church architecture and icon and mural painting. The murals of this period are especially noteworthy. However, Nikephoros Phokas effort was not completed and the city remained in its original location. Christianity flourished once more and Heraklion became the seat of the archbishop, while churches and monasteries were built throughout the island. Many of the churches from this period have been preserved throughout the island and especially in Archanes. Many noble Byzantine families settled on the island during this period, as many soldiers of Nikephoros Phocas’ army did also, who built new villages.

The need of effort-coordination at a regional, as well as national level in order to accomplish grand projects in the domain of the infrastructure, especially of the transport and communication, which has to be correlated with the development process of the territory, which presupposes the coordination of all the projects with the spatial implications and solving the possible conflicts occurred in this context of profound transformations of the society. In this sense, an assessment, classification and identification model of the most appropriate and efficient ways of valuing the tourism heritage has to be established, using for this purpose a multi-criterion analysis of delimitating the touristic regions, together with a crystallization of the priority actions for each particular case. In conjunction with the touristic areas delimitation, the development of the territory and the appropriate policies in tourism, we have to find solutions regarding the protection of the environment from the tourism activities with a direct impact on the environment.

Minaev V. A., Platonova N. A. and Pogrebova E. S. (2014). The Technique of the Analysis of the Quality of the Regional Infrastructure in the Tourism Industry and Tourist Service. Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 38-48. (In Russian).

Results: the concept, conditions and factors of sustainable socio-economic development of the region were identiied; the problems and peculiarities of sustainable socio-economic development of region under the Russia joining the WTO were analyzed. Basing on the analysis of the problems of sustainable socio-economic development of region under the Russia joining the WTO, the path of sustainable socio-economic development of the region was deined. The priority directions of regional economic policy were listed that meet the challenges of sustainable socio-economic development of region under the Russia joining the WTO. Tools of state regulation and forecasting were offered. The necessity of the formation of an effective system of state regulation of sustainable socio-economic development of region under the Russia joining the WTO was proved. The role of the state in restructuring the economy, in the implementation of industrial, social, investment, innovation and food policy w as shown, ensuring the safety and sustainability of socio-economic development of the region.

Energy production technologies that use renewable resources are in different stages of development and marketing. The energies produced from renewable sources in 1998, the U.S., 55% came from hydro sources, 38% from biomass, including municipal solid waste, 5% from the geothermal source, 1% from solar power, 0.5% from wind power. Renewable energy resources are available all over the globe and can be found in abundance. Renewable energy technologies generate relatively little wastes or pollutants that contribute to acid rains, urban smog, or to could cause health problems and do not generate additional costs for environmental remediation or for waste disposal. Energy systems’ owners of based on renewable resources should not be concerned about the potential global climate changes caused by excessive CO2 and other polluting gases. Solar energy systems, aeolians and geothermal energy (most of them) do not generate CO2 in the atmosphere, but the biomass absorbs CO 2 when it regenerates and that is why the entire generation, use and regeneration process of biomass leads to global emissions of CO 2 close zero. At present there are already several regenerative energy technologies, alternatives to burning fossil fuels for energy production, namely hydropower, aeolian, nuclear, geothermal, solar energy conversion technology, biomass, etc. (Bucharest: Alpopi, Florescu, 2009)

These deficiencies in access to adequate water and sanitation involve problems of coverage, continuity, quantity, quality, and cost of the services, not to mention community time and effort spent in coping with these problems. Obviously, low-income families with the least access to these services) tend to use little water; they are also less likely to practice good hygiene and suffer from a higher incidence of diseases linked with deficient water and sanitation. For example, a PAHO study currently in progress in Nicaragua shows that cases of diarrhea in children aged 0 to 5 decline with access to household connections per inhabitant; cases in the intermediate quintiles of per capita consumption also present variations. Drinking water and sanitation services are major tools for health; and health, in turn, is one of the essential capabilities underlying sustainable human development. Hence the correlation observed in Figure 2, between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the levels of water and sanitation coverage in the countries of the Region. Such evidence should help spur efforts—by society, governments, and the international financial and technical cooperation agencies—to raise coverage levels while meeting the criteria for quality.

Despite mounting interest in sustainable development, the relationship between sustainability and competitiveness has been only marginally explored. So far, economists have devoted their efforts to trying to understand the way economic growth impacts the quality of the environment or income distribution within a country and vice versa. However, little is known about how these aspects of sustainability relate to competitiveness. Feurer and Chaharbaghi (1994) have proposed a holistic definition of competitiveness, taking into account the sustainability: “Competitiveness is relative and not absolute. It depends on shareholder and customer values, financial strength which determines the ability to act and react within the competitive environment and the potential of people and technology in implementing the necessary strategic changes.

Since the 1950s, there has been a steady growth in international tourist flows and the emergence of new tourist destinations (UNWTO 2017b; Schwab, Sala i Martin, and World Economic Forum 2016), accompanied by increasing criticism about the undesirable effects of tourism development, as the excessive massification, commercial exploitation and environmental damage of places or the disrespect for socio-cultural values and daily lives of host communities, among others. Consequently, new ideas and models have emerged in tourism literature under different labels such as ecotourism, cultural, sustainable, adventure, among other types (e.g. Holden 1984; Holden 2005; Cohen 1987; Sharpley 2002; Hall 2010; Pearce 1992; Lertcharoenchoke 1999; Eadington and Smith 1992).

Geomorphology and tourism also influence one another reciprocally: the geomorphological context may contribute to the tourist attraction of specific places, and tourist development may create strong impacts on the landforms (Reynard et al. 2003, Fig. 1). This relationship is documented in Fig. 1. The original attraction is anything that would draw the attention of tourists to a site in the first place (n°1 in Fig. 1). Some particularly spectacular landforms – so-called geomor- phosites (Panizza 2001) or sites of geoheritage – may also be part of the original tourist site (n°2). The derived attraction (n°3) is composed of a set of infrastructures, goods and services that are offered to the tourists to facilitate their visit. Information panels, guided tours or exhibitions related to the Earth Sciences are exam- ples of the derived attraction based on geoheritage (Pralong & Reynard 2005). Both the original and the derived attraction based on geoheritage form geotour- ism, that is, a form of tourism that aims specifically at the promotion of the geoheritage of a region (New- some & Dowling 2006). Tourist exploitation (n°4) of geoheritage may have a negative impact (n°5) on the ecosystem, leading to a degradation of the geoherit- age value, as well as situations of increased risk (n°6 and 7). The latter can be created or accentuated by the tourist use of sites where geohazards are particularly intense (e.g. mountains, deserts).

ABSTRACT- In Brazil, pear production presents the same incipient situation over the last 15 years, due mostly to low production technology. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the development, growth and production of the pear tree cultivars Cascatense, Tenra and Hosui grafted on ‘CPP’ quince rootstock, using ‘FT’ pear as interstem. This trial was carried out in Guarapuava, State of Paraná, Southern region of Brazil, by five productive cycles. The pear trees were planted in September of 2004, spaced at 1.0 x 4.0 m (2,500 trees ha -1 ), trained to the modified central leader, on a Four-wire trellis, with drip irrigation and cultivated

he subject matter of the research is the tourist and recreation complex of Kabardino-Balkar Republic. he purpose of the work is to provide solutions to problems of the republic tourist and recreation complex development. he results obtained from the study showed that in spite of the fact that in the region’s development certain positive steps are taken, according to the indicators of the tourism and recreation development, the region has not reach the level of the 1990th yet, the possibilities of this major sector of the republic economy remain not demanded. It is highlighted, that the most important factor in the tourist and recreation complex development is its infrastructure condition. It is recommended to use the model of the infrastructure management aimed at providing its efective functioning and development due to formation of interaction system at every power level through a network of the centers of the tourist and recreation complex development. In the article, the need for the use of the innovative approaches for the republic tourist and recreation complex development in the particular development of the new tourist directions are also found. For the purpose to improve the professional training of personnel for the tourism and recreation sphere, the need for a transition to multilevel training of personnel is proved. he main directions of the republic image development on the basis of designing and implementing of the regional program of its image development as the tourist territory and creation of the tourist information center are deined. Realization of all these problems allows to develop a highly efective and competitive tourist and recreation complex in Kabardino-Balkaria.

Число лиц, заня- тых научными исследованиями и разработками, на 100000 населения, в Нижегородской области практически не менялось в рассматриваемом интервале времени и превышало п[r]