Tabela S1. Espécies encontradas nos painéis de todos os tratamentos agrupados dos experimentos de riqueza e
diversidade funcional inicial e seus respectivos status de origem (N – nativa, C – criptogênica, E – exótica) e a fonte consultada.
Táxon Origem Fonte
Porifera Chondrilla nucula Mycale americana Mycale citrina Mycale magnirhaphidifera Scopalina ruetzleri Sycon sp. Hydrozoa Acharadria crocea Dynamena disticha Eudendrium caraiuru Obelia dichotoma Scyphozoa Syphistoma sp1. Anthozoa Tubastrea sp.
Anthozoa não identificado Polychaeta Branchioma luctuosum Spirorbis sp. Bryozoa Amathia sp. Amathia verticilata Bugula neritina Catenicella uberrima Celleporaria sp. Crisia sp1. Crisia sp2. Electra tenella Savignyella lafontii Schizoporella errata Scrupocellaria sp. Watersipora subtorquata Bryozoa não identificado
? ? ? N ? ? C C N C ? E ? E ? N E E C ? ? ? C C C C C ? --- --- --- Kremer e Rocha 2016 --- ---
Marques et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Marques et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Marques et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Marques et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016
---
Paula e Creed 2004, 2005 ---
Marques et al. 2013, Rocha et al. 2013 ---
Marques et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Marques et al. 2013, Rocha et al. 2013 Rocha et al. 2013, Vieira LM comun. pess. Marques et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016
Marques et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Marques et. al 2013, Rocha et al. 2013 Vieira LM comun. pess.
Marques et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Marques et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 ---
Continuação Tabela S1.
Táxon Origem Fonte
Bivalvia Perna perna Ostreidae
Bivalvia não identificado Cirripedia Amphibalanus amphitrite Balanus trigonus Megabalanus coccopoma Ascidiacea Aplidium accarense Ascidia curvata Ascidia interrupta Botrylloides giganteum Botrylloides nigrum Botryllus tabori Botryllus tuberatus Ciona intestinalis Clavelina oblonga Didemnum cineraceum Didemnum perlucidum Didemnum sp1. Diplosoma listerianum Distaplia bermudensis Distaplia stylifera Herdmania pallida Microcosmus exasperatus Perophora multiclathrata Phallusia nigra Polyandrocarpa zorritensis Polyclinum constelatum Styela plicata Symplegma brakenhielmi Symplegma rubra Symplegma sp1. Symplegma sp2. Trididemnum orbiculatum Stolidobranchia não identif.
E ? ? E E E C C C C C N C E E E E E C N E C C C C C C E C N ? ? N ?
Marques et al. 2013, Rocha et al.2013 ---
---
Marques et al. 2013 Kremer e Rocha 2016 Marques et al. 2013
Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013
Dias et al. 2013
Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013
Dias et al. 2013
Rocha et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Rocha et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias GM comun. pess.
Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013, Marques et al. 2013 Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013, Rocha et al. 2013 Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013
Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 ---
---
Dias et al. 2013, Kremer e Rocha 2016 ---
Grupo Taxonômico Ascídias Briozoários
Grupo Funcional Coloniais Solitários Incrustantes Arborescentes
Espécies Botrylloides nigrum Didemnum perlucidum Diplosoma listerianum Symplegma brakenhielme Herdmania pallida Phallusia nigra Electra tenella Schizoporella errata Watersipora subtorquata Bugula neritina Crisia sp1. Forma de vida
colônias com crescimento bidimensional
indivíduos com crescimento tridimensional
colônias com crescimento bidimensional colônias com crescimento tridimensional Ocupação do espaço Monopolização do espaço
alta - rápida ocupação do
espaço devido ao crescimento bidimensional 1,11,21,23 com área ilimitada de contato com o substrato 15
baixa - crescimento
tridimensional com pequena área de fixação no substrato 15 e pouca área ocupada 1,11
alta - rápida ocupação do
espaço devido ao crescimento
bidimensional 1,2,11,23 com área ilimitada de contato com o substrato 15
baixa - crescimento ereto
com apenas um ponto de fixação no substrato 15 e pouca área ocupada no substrato 11,23,24
Capacidade de sobrecrescimento
alta - grande capacidade
de sobrecrescimento sobre a maior parte dos outros grupos 1,14,18
baixa - crescimento
tridimensional com pequena área de fixação no substrato 15,
sobrecrescendo apenas em alta densidade 20
alta - grande capacidade
de sobrecrescimento sobre a maior parte dos outros grupos 1,2,14
baixa - crescimento ereto
com apenas um ponto de fixação no substrato 15
Permanência no espaço
Resistência à predação
baixa - pouco frequente
em painéis expostos a predadores 3,16,21,22,23
baixa - grande chance de
serem facilmente retirados por predadores em um único evento 9,16
alta - resistentes devido à
mineralização 19, sendo comumente encontrados em painéis expostos a predadores 3,16,21,22,23
moderada - resistência
devido aos zoóides mineralizados 19, mas ocorrendo menos em painéis expostos a predadores 24 Recuperação após distúrbio
alta - recuperação através
de crescimento clonal quando dano acomete apenas parte da colônia 9
baixa - grande chance de
serem retirados por predadores em um único evento 16 e baixa chance de recuperação mesmo após danos parciais 9
alta - recuperação através
de crescimento clonal quando dano acomete apenas parte da colônia 9
alta - recuperação
através de crescimento clonal quando dano acomete apenas parte da colônia 9
Grupo Taxonômico Ascídias Briozoários
Grupo Funcional Coloniais Solitários Incrustantes Arborescentes
Espécies Botrylloides nigrum Didemnum perlucidum Diplosoma listerianum Symplegma brakenhielme Herdmania pallida Phallusia nigra Electra tenella Schizoporella errata Watersipora subtorquata Bugula neritina Crisia sp1. Relação com novos organismos Assentamento adjacente
não favorece - a forma
flat do corpo não gera turbulência, não favorecendo a chance de encontro de recrutas com o substrato 5,7
favorece - a forma
tridimensional do corpo gera correntes de
turbulência, favorecendo o encontro de recrutas com o substrato 5,7
não favorece - a forma
flat do corpo não gera turbulência, não favorecendo a chance de encontro de recrutas com o substrato 5,7
favorece - a forma ereta e
ramificada do corpo gera correntes de turbulência, favorecendo o encontro de recrutas com o substrato
5,7
, além dos ramos proporcionarem refúgio contra predadores 3,8 Ocorrência de epibiose incomum - a grande quantidade de estruturas de alimentação 8, o rápido crescimento 4 e possível alelopatia 17 dificultam assentamento sobre a colônia comum - a túnica
geralmente funciona como substrato secundário para colonização de outros organismos 4,8,13,15,17,20 incomum - a grande quantidade de estruturas de alimentação 8, o rápido crescimento 4 e possível alelopatia 17 dificultam assentamento sobre a colônia comum - os ramos fornecem substrato secundário para colonização de outros organismos 3,8 Ingestão de larvas por filtração
sem evidências - ascídias
coloniais parecem não ingerir larvas mesmo que acidentalmente 12
muitas evidências - muitas
ascídias solitárias acabam ingerindo larvas como partículas alimentares tanto em laboratório 6 como em campo 10,12
sem evidências na
literatura para predação de larvas
sem evidências na
literatura para predação de larvas
1-Jackson 1977, 2-Sutherland 1978, 3-Russ 1980, 4-Stoecker 1980, 5-Koehl 1982, 6-Cowden 1984, 7-Koehl 1984, 8-Breitburg 1985, 9-Jackson e Hughes 1985, 10-
Bingham e Walters 1989, 11-Nandakumar et al. 1993, 12-Osman e Whitlatch 1995, 13-Davis 1996, 14-Nandakumar 1996, 15-Walters e Wethey 1996, 16-Osman e Whitlatch 2004, 17-Krug 2006, 18-Dias et al. 2008, 19-Lidgard 2008, 20-Claar et al. 2011, 21-Vieira et al. 2012, 22-Oricchio et al. 2016a, 23-Vieira et al. 2016, 24- Oricchio et al. 2016b.
REFERÊNCIAS
Adler P.B., HilleRisLambers J., Levine J.M. 2007. A niche for neutrality. Ecology Letters 10: 95-104.
Allisson G. 2004. The influence of species diversity and stress intensity on community resistance and resilience. Ecological Monographs 74: 117-134.
Anderson M.J. 2001. A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology 26: 32-46.
Antoniadou C., Voultsiadou E., Chintiroglou C. 2011. Seasonal patterns of colonization and early succession on sublittoral rocky cliffs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 403: 21-30.
Arenas F., Sánchez I., Hawkins A.J., Jenkins S.R. The invisibility of marine algal assemblages: role of functional diversity and identity. Ecology 87: 2851-2861.
Arkema K.K., Reed D.C., Schroeter S.C. 2009. Direct and indirect effects of giant kelp determine benthic community structure and dynamics. Ecology 90: 3126-3137.
Beisner B.E., Hyadon D.T., Cuddington K. 2003.Alternative stable states in ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1: 376-382.
Berlow E.L. 1997. From canalization to contingency: historical effects in a succession rocky intertidal community. Ecological Monographs 67: 435-460.
Bingham B.L., Walters L.J. 1989. Solitary ascidians as predators of invertebrate larvae: evidence from gut analyses and plankton samples. Journal of Experimental marine Biology and Ecology 131: 147-159.
Breitburg D.L. 1985. Development of a subtidal epibenthic community: factors affecting species composition and the mechanisms of succession. Oecologia 65: 173-184.
Bruno J.F., Stachowicz J.J., Bertness M.D. 2003. Inclusion of facilitation into ecological theory. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18: 119-125.
Bulleri F. 2009. Facilitation research in marine systems: state of the art, emerging patterns and insights for future developments. Journal of Ecology 97: 1121-1130.
Bulleri, F., Chapman, M.G. 2010. The introduction of coastal infrastructure as a driver of changes in marine environments. Journal of Applied Ecology 47 26-35.
Cardinale B.J., Nelson K., Palmer M.A. 2000. Linking species diversity to the functioning of ecosystems: on the importance of environmental context. Oikos 91: 175-183.
Cardinale B.J., Srivastava D.S., Duffy E., Wright J.P., Downing A.L., Sankaran M., Jouseau C. 2006. Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems. Nature 443: 989-992.
Carlton J.T., Geller J.B. 1993. Ecological Roulette - the global transport of nonindigenous marine organisms. Science 261: 78-82.
Chesson P. 2000. Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity. Annual Review in Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 31: 343-366.
Chisholm R.A., Muller-Landau H.C. 2011. A theoretical model linking interspecific variation in density dependence to species abundances. Theoretical Ecology 4: 241-253.
Cifuentes M.A., Kamlah C., Thiel M., Lenz M., Wahl M. 2007. Effects of temporal variability of disturbance on the succession in marine fouling communities in northern- central Chile. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 350: 280-294. Cifuentes M.A., Krueger I., Dumont C.P., Lenz M., Thiel M. 2010. Does primary
colonization or community structure determine the succession of fouling communities? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 395: 10-20.
Claar D.C., Edwards K.F., Stachowicz J.J. 2011. Positive and negative effects of a dominant competitor on the settlement, growth, and survival of competing species in an epibenthic community. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 399: 130- 134.
Clarke K.R. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 18: 117-143.
Colautti R.I., Ricciardi A., Grigorovich I.A., MacIsaac H.J. 2004. Is invasion success explained by the enemy release hypothesis? Ecology Letters 7: 721-733.
Connell J.H. 1974. Ecology: field experiments in marine ecology. Pages 21-54 in R.N. Mariscal, editor. Experimental marine biology. Academic Press, New York, New York, USA.
Connell J.H., Slatyer R.O. 1977. Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization. American Naturalist 111: 1119-1144.
Cowden C., Young C.M., Chia F.S. 1984. Differential predation on marine invertebrate larvae by two benthic predators. Marine Ecology Progress Series 14: 145-149.
Davis A.R. 1996. Association among ascidians: facilitation of recruitment in Pyura spinifera. Marine Biology 126: 35-41.
Dias G.M., Rocha R.M., Lotufo T.M.C., Kremer L.P. 2013. Fifty years of ascidian biodiversity research in São Sebastião, Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93: 273-282.
Dias, G.M., Delboni, C.G.M., Duarte, L.F.L., 2008. Effects of competition on sexual and clonal reproduction of a tunicate: the importance of competitor identity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 362, 149–156.
Díaz S., Cabido M. 2001. Vive la différence: plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16: 646-655.
Duffy J.E., Cardinale B.J., France K.E., McIntyre P.B., Thébaukt E., Loreau M. 2007. The functional role of biodiversity in ecosystems: incorporating trophic complexity. Ecology Letters 10: 522-538.
Durante K.M. 1991. Larval behavior, settlement preference, and induction of metamorphosis in the temperate solitary ascidian Molgula citrina Alder e Hancock. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 145: 175-187.
Edwards K.F., Aquilino K.M., Best R.J., Sellheim K.L., Stachowicz J.J. 2010. Prey diversity is associated with weaker consumer effects in a meta-analysis of benthic marine experiments. Ecology Letters 13: 194-201.
Fergione J., Brown C.S., Tilman D. 2003. Community assembly and invasion: An experimental test of neutral versus niche processes. Proceedings of the National Academic of Science 100: 8916-8920.
Freestone A.L., Osman R.W., Ruiz G.M., Torchin M. 2011. Stronger predation in the tropics shapes species richness patterns in marine communities. Ecology 92:983-993.
Freestone A.L., Ruiz G.M., Torchin M.E. 2013. Strong biotic resistance in tropics relative to temperate zone: effects of predation on marine invasion dynamics. Ecology 94: 1370- 1377.
Fridley J.D., Stachowicz J.J., Naeem S., Sax D.F., Seabloom E.W., Smith M.D., Stohlgren T.J., Tilman D., Von Holle B. 2007. The invasion paradox: reconciling pattern and process in species invasion. Ecology 88: 3-17.
Fukami T. 2015. Historical contingency in community assembly: integrating niches, species pools, and priority effects. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 46: 1- 23.
Gibran F.Z., Moura R.L. 2012. The structure of rocky reef fish assemblage across a nearshore to coastal islands’ gradient in Southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 10: 369-382.
Greene C.H., Shoener A. 1982. Succession on marine hard substrata: a fixed lottery. Oecologia 55: 289-297.
Greene C.H., Shoener A., Corets E. 1983. Succession on marine hard substrata: the adaptive significance of solitary and colonial strategies in temperate fouling communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 13: 121-129.
Griffin J.N., Mendez V., Johnson A.F., Jenkins S.R., Foggo A. 2009. Functional diversity predicts overyielding effect of species combination on primary productivity. Oikos 118: 37-44.
Guillemot N., Kulbicki M., Chabanet P., Vigliola L. 2011. Functional redundancy patterns reveal non-random assembly rules in a species-rich marine assemblage. PLoS ONE 6: e26735.
Hart S.P., Marshall D.J. 2009. Spatial arrangement affects population dynamics and competition independent of community composition. Ecology 90:1485-1491.
Hart S.P., Marshall D.J. 2012. Advantages and disadvantages of interference-competitive ability and resource-use efficiency when invading established communities. Oikos 121: 396-402.
Hirata T. 1987. Succession of sessile organisms on experimental plates immersed in Nabeta Bay, Izu Peninsula, Japan. Marine Ecology Progress Series 38: 25-35.
Holdgate M.W. 1986. Summary and conclusions: characteristics and consequences of biological invasions. Philosofical GTransactions of the Royal Society of London B 314: 733-742.
Hooper D.U., Chapin III F.F., Ewel J.J., Hector A., Inchausti P., Lavorel S., Lawton J.H., Lodge D.M., Naeem S., Schmid B., Setälä H., Symstad A.J., Vandermeer J., Wardle D.A. 2005. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecological Monographs 75: 3-35.
Jackson J.B.C. 1977. Competition on marine hard substrata: the adaptative significance of solitary and colonial strategies. American Naturalist 111: 743-767.
Jackson J.B.C., Hughes T.P. 1985. Adaptive strategies of coral-reef invertebrates. American Scientist 73: 265-274.
Johnson D. 2015. Priorities for research on priority effects. New Phytologist 205: 1375-1377. Jones C.G., Lawton J.H. Shachak M. 1994. Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos 69:
373-386.
Kay, A.M., Keough, M.J. 1981. Occupation of patches in the epifaunal community on pier pilings and the bivalve Pinna bicolor ar Edithburgh, South Australia. Oecologia 48: 123-130.
Kent A., Hawkins S.J., Doncaster C.P. 2003. Population consequences of mutual attraction between settling and adult barnacles. Journal of Animal Ecology 72: 941-952.
Keough M.J. 1984. Kin-recognition and the spatial distribution of larvae of the bryozoan Bugula neritina (L.). Evolution 38: 142-147.
Koehl M.A.R. 1982. The interaction of moving water and sessile organisms. Scientific American 274: 124-134.
Koehl M.A.R. 1984. How do benthic organisms withstand moving water? American Zoologist 24: 57-70.
Kondoh M. 2003. Foraging adaptation and the relationship between food-web compexity and stability. Science 299: 1388-1391.
Kremer L.P., Rocha R.M. 2016. The biotic resistance role of fish predation in fouling communities. Biological Invasions doi: 10.1007/s10530-016-1210-6.
Krug J.P. 2006. Defense of benthic invertebrates against surface colonization by larvae: a chemical arms race. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology 42: 1-53.
Levine J.M. 1999. Indirect facilitation: evidence and predictions from a riparian community. Ecology 80: 1762-1769.
Lidgard S. 2008. Predation on marine bryozoan colonies: taxa, traits and trophic groups. Marine Ecology Progress Series 359: 117-131.
Lohbeck M., Poorter L., Paz H., Pla L., Breugel M., Martínes-Ramos M., Bongers F. 2012. Functional diversity changes during tropical forest succession. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 14: 896-96.
Lonsdale W.M. 1999. Global patterns of plant invasion and the concept of invisibility. Ecology 80: 1522-1536.
Loreau M., Naeem S., Inchausti P., Bengtsson J., Grime J.P. 2001. Ecology: Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Current knowledge and future challenges. Science 294: 804- 808.
Lubchenco J., Menge B.A. 1978. Community development and persistence in a low rocky intertidal zone. Ecological Monographs 48: 67-94.
MacArthur R.H. 1972. Geographical Ecology. New York: Harper & Row.
Marques A.C., Klôh A.S., Migotto A.E., Cabral A.C., Rigo A.P.R., Bettim A.L., Razzolini E.L., Cascon H.M., Bardi J., Kremer L.P., Vieira L.M., Bezerra L.E.A., Haddad M.A., Oliveira Filho R.R., Gutierre S.M.M., Miranda T.P., Franklin Jr W., Rocha R.M. 2013. Rapid assessment survey for exotic benthic species in the São Sebastião Channel, Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 41: 265-285.
Menge B.A., Sutherland J.P. 1987. Community regulation – variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental-stress and recruitment. American Naturalist 130: 730-757.
Minchinton T.E. 1997. Life on the edge: conspecific attraction and recruitment of populations to disturbed habitats. Oecologia 111: 45-52.
Mineur F., Cook E.J., Minchin D., Bohn K., MacLeod A., Maggs C.A. (2012) Changing Coasts: Marine Aliens and Artificial Structures. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 50: 189-233.
Mitchell C.E., Power A. 2003. Release of invasive plants from fungal and viral pathogens. Nature 421: 625-627.
Mook D.H. 1981. Effects of Disturbance and Initial Settlement on Fouling Community Structure Ecology 62: 522-526.
Morin P.J. 1984. Odonate guild composition: experiments with colonization history and fish predation. Ecology 65: 1866-1873.
Morin P.J. 1995. Functional redundancy, non-additive interactions, and supply-side dynamics in experimental pond communities. Ecology 76:133-149.
Nandakumar K., Tanaka M., Kikuchi T. 1993. Interspecific competition among fouling organisms in Tomioka Bay, Japan.
Nandakumar K. 1996. Importance of timing of panel exposure on the competitive outcome and succession of sessile organisms. Marine Ecology Progress Series 131: 191-203. Oricchio F.T., Flores A.A.V., Dias G.M.. 2016a. The importance of predation and predator
size on the development and structure of a subtropical fouling community. Hydrobiology 776:209-219.
Oricchio F.T., Pastro G., Vieira E.A., Flores A.A.V., Gibran F.Z., Dias G.M. 2016b. Distincti community dynamics at two artificial habitats in a recreational marina. Marine Environmental Research doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.09.010
Osman R.W. 1977. Establishment and development of a marine epi-faunal community. Ecological Monographs 47:37-63
Osman R.W., Whitlatch R.B. 1995. The influence of resident adults on larval settelment: experiments with four species of ascidians. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 190: 199-220.
Osman R.W., Whitlatch R.B. 2004. The control of the development of a marine benthic community by predation on recruits. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 311: 117-145.
Osman R.W., Munguia P., Witlatch R.B., Zajac R.N., Hamilton J. 2010. Thresholds and multiple community states in marine fouling communities: integrating natural history with management strategies. Marine Ecology Progress Series 413: 277-289.
Pacheco A.S., Laudien J., Thiel M., Oliva M., Heilmayer O. 2011. Succession and seasonal onset of colonization in subtidal hard-bottom communities off northern Chile. Marine Ecology 32: 75-87.
Paine R.T. 1966. Food web complexity and species diversity. American Naturalist 100: 65- 75.
Paine R.T. 1977. Controlled manipulations in the marine intertidal zone and their contributions to ecological theory. Pages 245-270 in C.E. Goulden, editor. The changing scenes in natural sciences. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Paine R.T., Levin S.A. 1981. Intertidal landscapes: disturbance and the dynamics of pattern. Ecological Monographs 51:145-178.
Palmer T.M., Stanton M.L., Young T.P., Lemboi J.S., Goheen J.S., Pringle R.M. 2013. A role for indirect facilitation in maintaining diversity in a guild of ancient African acacia ants. Ecology 94: 1531-1539.
Pastro, G. 2015. Como a variação espacial das assembléias de peixes determina a pressão de predação sobre as comunidades incrustantes. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal do ABC.
Paula A.F., Creed J.C. 2004. Two species of the coral Tubastraea (Cnidaria, Scleractinia) in Brazil: a case of accidental introduction. Bulletin of Marine Science 74: 175-183.
Paula A.F., Creed J.C. 2005. Spatial distribution and abundance of nonindigenous coral genus Tubastreae (Cnidaria, Scleractinia) around Ilha Grande, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 65: 661-673.
Pickett S.T.A. 1976 Succession: an evolutionary interpretation. American Naturalist 110:107- 119.
Rejmánek M., Richardson D.M. 1996. What attributes make some plant species more invasive? Ecology 77: 1655-1661.
Rocha R.M., Vieira L.M., Migotto A.E., Amaral A.C.Z., Ventura C.R.R., Serejo C.S., Pitombo F.B., Santos K.C., Simone L.R.L., Tavares M., Lopes R.M., Pinheiro U., Marques A.C. 2013. The need of more rigorous assessments of marine species introductions: A counter example from the Brazilian coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 67: 241-243.
Russ G.R. 1980. Effects of predation by fishes, competition, and structural complexity of the substratum on the establishment of a marine epifaunal community. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 42: 55-69.
Russ G.R. 1982. Overgrowth in a marine epifaunal community — competitive hierarchies and competitive networks. Oecologia 53, 12–19.
Sax D.F. 2001. Latitudinal gradients and geographic ranges of exotic species: implication for biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 28: 139-150.
Schmidt G.H. 1982. Random and aggregative settlement in some sessile marine invertebrates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 9: 97-100.
Shea K., Chesson P. 2002. Community ecology theory as a framework for biological invasions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17: 170-176.
Silva A.G., Lima R.P., Gomes A.N., Fleury B.G., Creed J.C. 2011. Expansion of the invasive corals Tubastraea coccinea and Tubastraea tagusensis into the Tamoios Ecological Station Marine Protected Area, Brazil. Aquatic Invasions 6: S105-S110.
Stachowicz J.J. 2001. Mutualism, facilitation and the structure of ecological communities. BioScience 51: 235-246.
Stachowicz J.J., Byrnes J.E. 2006. Species diversity, invasion success and ecosystem functioning: disentangling the influence of resource competition, facilitation and extrinsic factors. Marine Ecology Progress Series 311: 251-262.
Stachowicz J.J., Bruno J.F., Duffy J.E. 2007. Consequences of biodiversity for marine communities and ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 38:739-766.
Stachowicz J.J., Fried H., Osman R.W., Whitlatch R.B. 2002. Biodiversity, invasion resistance, and marine ecosystem function: reconciling pattern and process. Ecology 83: 2575-2590.
Stachowicz J.J., Graham M., Bracken M.E.S., Szoboszlai A.I. 2008. Diversity enhances cover and stability of seaweed assemblages: the role of heterogeneity and time. Ecology 89: 3008-3019.
Stachowicz J.J., Whitlatch R.B., Osman R.W. 1999. Species diversity and invasion resistance in a marine ecosystem. Science 286:1577-1579.
Stoecker D. 1980. Relationships between chemical defense and ecology in benthic ascidians. Marine Ecology Progress Series 3: 257-265.
Sutherland J.P. 1978. Functional roles of Schizoporella and Styela in the fouling community at Beaufort, North Carolina. Ecology 59: 257-264.
Sutherland J.P., Karlson R.H. 1977. Development and stability of the fouling community at Beaufort, North Carolina. Ecological Monographs 47: 425-446.
Theoharides K.A., Dukes J.S. 2007. Plant invasion across space and time: factors affecting nonindigenous species success during four stages of invasion. New Phytologist 176: 256-273.
Tilman D. 2001. Functional diversity. In: S.A. Levin, editor. Encyclopedia of biodiversity. Academic Press.
Tilman D., Knops J., Wedin D., Reich P., Ritchie M., Siemann E. 1997. The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes. Science 277: 1300-1302. Torchin M.E., Lafferty K.D., Dobson A.P., McKenzie V.J., Kuris A.M. 2003. Introduced
species and their missing parasites. Nature: 421: 628-630.
Underwood, A.J. 1997. Experiments in ecology: their logical design and interpretation using analysis of variance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 504p.
Urban M.C., De Meester L. 2009. Community monopolization: local adaptation enhances priority effects in na evolving metacommunity. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276: 4129-4138.
Valdivia N., Heidemann A., Thiel M., Molis, M., Wahl M. 2005. Effects of disturbance on the diversity of hard-bottom macrobenthic communities on the coast of Chile. Marine Ecology Progress Series 299: 45-54.
Valdivia N., de la Haye K., Jenkins S.R., Kimmance S.A., Thompson R.C., Molis M. 2008. Functional composition, but not richness, affected the performance of sessile
suspension-feeding assemblages. Journal of Sea Research
doi:10.1016/j.seares.2008.12.001
Vellend M. 2010. Conceptual synthesis in community ecology. The Quaterly Review of Biology 85: 183-206.
Vieira E.A., Duarte L.F.L., Dias G.M. 2012. How the timing of predation affects composition and diversity of species in a marine sessile community? Journal of Experimental