Os hormônios da tireóide desempenham um importante papel na regulação da foliculogênese ovariana. Um desbalanço na secreção dos
hormônios tireoidianos, seja por hipo
(hipotireoidismo) ou hiper (hipertireoidismo) secreção compromete a dinâmica folicular ovariana de modo reversível, ou seja, a função ovariana pode ser restabelecida a partir do equilíbrio da concentração sérica desses
hormônios (eutireóide). No entanto, os
mecanismos de ação dos hormônios T3 e T4 sobre a foliculogênese ovariana ainda não está bem esclarecido, principalmente no que tange as diferenças das atuações dos referidos hormônios por meio de vias genômicas e não genômicas. A compreensão do papel dos hormônios da
tireóide, poderá no futuro auxiliar no
desenvolvimento de meios de cultivo celular
eficazes para o desenvolvimento de folículos ovarianos in vitro.
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Tabela 1. Efeito dos hormônios tireoidianos (T3 e T4) sobre a foliculogênese ovariana in vitro.
* (conc): concentração; FSHrh: FSH recombinante humano; IGF-Irc: IGF-I
recombinante camundongo; CCOs†: CCOs utilizados durante a MIV.
Espécie Estrutura ovariana Hormônios tireoidianos
(conc) Fator (es) associado (s) ao (s) hormônios tireoidianos (conc) Principais efeitos Referências
Caprina
Folículos primordiais e primários inclusos no córtex ovariano
T4 (20 ng/mL) FSHrh (10 ng/mL)
Insulina (10 µg/mL) Retardo na ativação de folículos primordiais Da Costa et al., 2015
Murina Folículo secundário isolado
(100-130 µm) T3 (1 nM)
FSHrh (10 ng/mL) Insulina bovina (5 µg/mL)
↑ diâmetro folicular
↑ expressão de RNAm Xiap (anti-apoptose) ↓ expressão de RNAm Bad (pro-apoptose)
Zhang et al., 2013
Murina Folículo secundário isolado
(150-180 µm) T3 (10-9 M)
FSHrh (10 ng/mL) Insulina bovina (5 µg/mL)
↑ diâmetro folicular
↑ expressão de RNAm e proteína GDG-9 ↑ expressão de RNAm FSHR
Kobayashi et al., 2009
Caprina (fetal)
Folículo secundário isolado (150-300 µm) T4 (1 µg/mL) - ↑ diâmetro folicular ↑ % folículos em crescimento ↑ formação de antro Amin et al., 2013 T4 (1 µg/mL) FSH (2 µg/mL) GH (1 mIU/mL) EGF (25 ng/mL) ↑ diâmetro folicular ↑ % folículos em crescimento ↑ formação de antro ↑ extrusão folicular
Ovina Folículo secundário isolado (150-250 µm) e (250-400 µm) T4 (1 µg/mL) - ↑ diâmetro folicular ↑ % folículos em crescimento ↑ extrusão folicular Arunakumari et al., 2007 T4 (1 µg/mL) FSH (2 µg/mL) ↑ diâmetro folicular ↑ % folículos em crescimento ↑ formação de antro ↑ extrusão folicular ↑ retomada da meiose
Ovina Folículo secundário isolado
(250-400 µm) T4 (1 µg/mL) FSH suíno (2 µg/mL) IGF-Irc (10 ng/mL) GH suíno (1 mIU/mL) ↑ diâmetro folicular ↑ % folículos em crescimento ↑ formação de antro ↑ extrusão folicular ↑ retomada da meiose ↑ embrião (2 células e mórula)
Arunakumari et al., 2010
Bovina CCOs† T3 (50 nM) FSH (0.5 µg/mL)
LH (5.0 µg/mL) ↑ blastocisto eclodido Costa et al., 2013
Bovina CCOs† T3 (50 ng/mL) T4 (50 ng/mL) E2 (1 µg/mL) FSH bovino (0.5 µg/mL) LH bovino (1 µg/mL) ↑ formação de blastocisto ↑ blastocisto eclodido ↑ número de células/blastocisto ↓ apoptose (blastocisto) Ashkar et al., 2010
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